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WO2014015550A1 - 一种防回火生物质燃料炉具 - Google Patents

一种防回火生物质燃料炉具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014015550A1
WO2014015550A1 PCT/CN2012/080940 CN2012080940W WO2014015550A1 WO 2014015550 A1 WO2014015550 A1 WO 2014015550A1 CN 2012080940 W CN2012080940 W CN 2012080940W WO 2014015550 A1 WO2014015550 A1 WO 2014015550A1
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Prior art keywords
plate
air supply
feed
burner
straight
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PCT/CN2012/080940
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English (en)
French (fr)
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朱宏锋
陈前喜
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02Closed stoves
    • F24B1/024Closed stoves for pulverulent fuels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B40/00Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber
    • F23B40/06Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber the fuel being fed along the fuel-supporting surface
    • F23B40/08Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber the fuel being fed along the fuel-supporting surface into pot- or trough-shaped grates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B60/00Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
    • F23B60/02Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving with combustion air supplied through a grate
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23KFEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/10Under-feed arrangements
    • F23K3/14Under-feed arrangements feeding by screw
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F23L1/02Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion  by discharging the air below the fire
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23LSUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/04Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air beyond the fire, i.e. nearer the smoke outlet
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23KFEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2203/00Feeding arrangements
    • F23K2203/10Supply line fittings
    • F23K2203/102Flashback safety, e.g. inertizing devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of biomass fuel energy utilization equipment, and more particularly to a biomass fuel stove capable of effectively preventing tempering.
  • biomass fuels such as straw, wood chips, and crop straw are a new type of energy solution, and their equipment is gradually being improved and refined.
  • the most critical component in biomass fuel utilization equipment is the burner, which is related to important properties such as energy efficiency, safety, soot, ash, and fuel slagging.
  • the inventor of the international patent application PCT/CN2012/071745 A type of burner and a stove using the same discloses a stove and a burner using biomass fuel.
  • the stove includes a combustion chamber and an auxiliary equipment box, the combustion chamber houses a burner, and the auxiliary equipment box houses a fuel delivery mechanism.
  • the fuel delivery mechanism includes a hopper, a delivery cylinder, and a screw feed rod housed within the delivery cylinder.
  • the feed cylinder is a cylindrical cylindrical body containing a feed end housed in an auxiliary equipment box and a discharge end located at an upper portion of the burner.
  • the screw feed rod is housed within the feed cylinder.
  • the spiral feed blade of the screw feed rod is driven to rotate by the feeding motor, and the biomass fuel particles that are pushed into the feeding cylinder are moved to the discharge end, and the fuel particles pass through the discharge end and fall into the burner through gravity to realize fuel from the hopper to the burner. Supply.
  • the burner includes an inner sloping plate, the inner sloping plate includes a first bottom edge, a first top edge, and two first side edges, and the discharge end of the feeding cylinder is between the first bottom edge and the first top edge Pass through the inner sloping plate.
  • the burner further includes an outer sloping plate including a second bottom edge, a second top edge, and two second side edges, a first bottom edge of the inner slant plate and a second bottom edge of the outer slant plate Connected and between the outer sloping plate and the inner swash plate An angle of 60 degrees to 90 degrees, preferably 70 degrees a .
  • the burner also includes two side panels that are coupled to the first side and the second side of the inner and outer sloping plates, respectively.
  • the inner sloping plate, the outer sloping plate and the two side plates enclose a combustion zone.
  • a plurality of ventilation holes are formed in the inner slanting plate and the outer slanting plate.
  • the discharge end of the feed cylinder that protrudes into the burner can become very hot after being heated for a long time, and will ignite the passing fuel particles. This combustion spreads into the feed cylinder and is tempered. .
  • a conical wind screen is arranged at the discharge end.
  • One technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an anti-tempering biomass fuel stove capable of eliminating the generation of a reverse air flow, thereby completely eliminating the tempering phenomenon of the stove.
  • the present invention provides an anti-tempering biomass fuel stove comprising a body mountable on the ground, the body comprising a combustion box and an auxiliary equipment box.
  • the combustion chamber contains a burner
  • the auxiliary equipment box contains a hopper and electrical equipment.
  • Electrical equipment includes a power supply, a feed motor, and a blower.
  • the burner comprises an inner straight plate, an outer inclined plate, two side plates, a section of the feeding sleeve , a feed cylinder, and A pusher housed in the feed cylinder and the feed sleeve.
  • the inner straight plate includes a straight lower edge, a straight upper edge, and two straight side edges.
  • the outer sloping plate includes a sloping plate lower edge, a sloping plate edge, and two swash plate sides.
  • the lower side of the straight plate of the inner straight plate is connected with the lower side of the swash plate of the outer slanting plate, and the outer sloping plate and the inner straight plate are 60 degrees to 90 degrees The angle of the degree.
  • the two side plates are respectively connected to the straight side and the side of the sloping plate of the inner straight plate and the outer slant plate.
  • the feed sleeve is a cylindrical cylindrical body including an outer end and an inner end passing through the inner straight plate between the lower side of the straight plate and the straight plate edge.
  • the feeding cylinder is a cylindrical cylindrical body comprising a feeding end and a discharging end sleeved inside the outer end of the feeding sleeve, and an outer end of the feeding sleeve and a discharging end of the feeding barrel form a joint Void.
  • the pusher includes a central shaft and a helical feed vane driven by a feed motor.
  • a plurality of primary air supply holes are opened above the corresponding position of the middle shaft of the outer inclined plate, and a plurality of primary air supply holes are also opened above the corresponding positions of the feeding sleeves on the two side plates.
  • a cylindrical secondary air supply device is arranged above the burner, and a plurality of secondary air supply holes are opened on the secondary air supply device, and a closed secondary air supply space is formed on the periphery of the secondary air supply device.
  • a closed anti-tempering air supply space is also formed around the feed sleeve. The anti-tempering air supply space, the primary air supply space, and the secondary air supply space are uniformly supplied by the air blower.
  • the beneficial effect of the invention is that the air blown from the blower will also enter the anti-tempering air supply space at the same time as the primary and secondary air supply. This part of the air will enter the feed sleeve through the gap between the outer end of the feed sleeve and the discharge end of the feed barrel, and flow through the feed sleeve toward the burner, forming a uniform, unidirectional shape throughout the feed sleeve. Wind screen. This wind screen will not generate a weak wind zone between the inclined holes, nor will it form a reverse air flow due to the blocking of the fuel particles for a long time, and can effectively prevent tempering.
  • the primary air supply holes are above the corresponding position of the middle shaft of the pusher on the outer inclined plate or above the corresponding position of the feeding sleeve on the two side plates, the air supplied once is separated from the air supply hole. After flowing upwards, the amount of flow in the direction of the feed sleeve will be small, that is, the possibility of a reverse flow of the supply sleeve to the feed sleeve is eliminated.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective exploded view of a portion of the oven of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic plan cross-sectional view of the oven of the embodiment shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of the portion A in Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the burner in the preferred embodiment of the oven. as well as,
  • Figure 6 is a circuit diagram of an electrical device in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the oven comprises a body 1 mountable on the ground, the body 1 comprising a combustion chamber 10 and an auxiliary equipment box 20.
  • the combustion box 10 houses the burner 30; the auxiliary equipment box 20 houses the hopper 40 and the electrical equipment 50.
  • the burner 30 includes an inner straight plate 31 that includes a straight lower edge 311, a straight upper edge 312, and two straight side edges 313.
  • the burner 30 further includes an outer sloping plate 32 including a sloping plate lower edge 321, a sloping plate edge 322, and two swash plate side edges 323, a straight slab lower edge 311 and an outer slant plate 32 of the inner straight plate 31.
  • the lower edge 321 of the swash plate is connected, and the angle between the outer swash plate 32 and the inner straight plate 31 is 60 degrees to 90 degrees, preferably 70 degrees.
  • the burner 30 further includes two side plates 33 which are respectively connected to the straight side edges 313 and the swash plate side edges 323 of the inner straight plate 31 and the outer swash plate 32.
  • the inner straight plate 31, the outer swash plate 32, and the two side plates 33 enclose a combustion zone 34.
  • the burner 30 also includes a length of feed sleeve 35, a feed barrel 36, and a pusher 37 housed within the feed barrel 36 and the feed sleeve 35.
  • the feed sleeve 35 is a cylindrical cylindrical body including an outer end 351 and an inner end 352 which passes between the inner lower plate 31 and the straight upper edge 312.
  • the feed cylinder 36 is also a cylindrical cylindrical body including a feed end 361 housed in the auxiliary equipment box 20 and a discharge end 362 which is sleeved in the outer end 351 of the feed sleeve 35.
  • the feed sleeve 35 A gap 38 is formed between the outer end 351 and the discharge end 362 of the feed barrel 36.
  • the pusher 37 includes a center shaft 371 and a screw feed vane 372.
  • the feed end 361 of the feed cylinder 36 has an opening 363 that communicates with the bottom of the hopper 40, and the biomass fuel particles 60 within the hopper 40 can enter the feed cylinder 36 by gravity from the opening 363.
  • the screw feed vanes 372 of the pusher 37 are driven to rotate by the feed motor 51, and the biomass fuel particles 60 pushed into the feed cylinder 36 are moved toward the inner end 352 of the feed sleeve 35.
  • the fuel particles 60 pass through the feed cylinder 36 and the feed sleeve 35 and fall into the combustion zone 34 by gravity to effect supply of the fuel 60 from the hopper 40 to the combustion zone 34.
  • a plurality of primary air supply holes 38 are formed above the corresponding position of the shaft 371 of the pusher 37 on the outer swash plate 32, and a plurality of primary air supply holes are also opened above the corresponding positions of the feeding sleeves 35 on the two side plates 33. 38.
  • a fuel pressure plate 39 may also be formed on the inner straight plate 31 at the upper portion of the inner end 352 of the feed sleeve 35. The presence of the fuel pressure plate 39 may further prevent the combusted fuel 60 from entering the inner end 352 of the feed sleeve 35 to form a temper.
  • a plurality of baffles 11 are provided below the burner 30 to enclose the burner 30 in a closed primary air supply space 12.
  • a cylindrical secondary air supply device 13 is disposed above the burner 30 in the combustion chamber 10.
  • the secondary air supply device 13 is provided with a plurality of secondary air supply holes 14, and a periphery of the secondary air supply device 13 is formed.
  • a closed anti-tempering air supply space 16 is also formed around the feed sleeve 35.
  • the anti-tempering air supply space 16, the primary air supply space 12, and the secondary air supply space 14 are connected to each other, and a blower 52 uniformly supplies air.
  • the circuit diagram of the electric device 50 is as shown in FIG. 3, and includes a feed motor 51 for driving the pusher 43, a blower 52, a power source 53, a power switch 54, and a power indicator lamp 55.
  • the power source 53 may be an AC/DC power source 531 or a battery 532 may be connected in parallel to the AC/DC power source 531 as an auxiliary power source. Both the AC/DC power source 531 and the battery 532 can be powered separately.
  • the power switch 54 is mounted on the auxiliary equipment box 20 to control the power supply of the entire circuit.
  • the switch indicator light 55 is also mounted near the power switch 54 on the auxiliary equipment box 20 for indicating the opening and closing state of the power switch 54.
  • the fuel 60 is a biomass fuel and is a small particle which is crushed and pressed by straw, wood chips, crop straw, and the like. After the fuel 60 enters the combustor 30, it can be ignited, burning at the combustion zone 34, and the upper portion of the combustion zone 34 is a heat exchange zone. The burned ash can fall through the sloping plate edge 322 of the outer sloping plate 32 into the ash collection area at the lower portion of the combustion box 10.
  • the primary air supply can heat and vaporize the biomass fuel particles under anaerobic conditions to generate flammable gas to escape upward; the secondary air supply device 11 at the upper portion of the burner 30 performs secondary supply of air, and the combustible gas is at the outlet.
  • Oxygen is encountered at the site, and the combustible combustible gas releases heat.
  • the air blown from the blower 52 will also enter the anti-tempering air supply space 14, which will pass through the outer end 441 of the feed sleeve 44 and the discharge end of the feed cylinder 42.
  • the gap 443 between the 422 enters the feed sleeve 44 and flows toward the burner 30 via the feed sleeve 44, forming a uniform, unidirectional wind screen throughout the feed sleeve 44, which does not create a slanted hole
  • the weak wind zone between them will not cause a reverse flow due to the blocking of fuel particles for a long time, and can effectively prevent tempering.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Description

一种防回火生物质燃料炉具 技术领域
本 发明涉及生物质燃料能源利用设备领域,尤其有关于一种能够有效防止回火的生物质燃料炉具。
背景技术
生物质燃料如稻草、木屑、农作物秸秆等的能源利用技术是一种新型的能源解决方案,其设备也正在逐渐被改进并趋于完善。生物质燃料利用设备中最关键的部件是燃烧器,其关系到能量利用率、安全、烟尘、扬灰、燃料结渣等重要性能。
本发明人在国际专利申请 PCT/CN2012/071745 '一种新型燃烧器及使用这种燃烧器的炉具'中公开了一种使用生物质燃料的炉具及燃烧器。该炉具包括一个燃烧箱和一个辅助设备箱,燃烧箱内容纳燃烧器,辅助设备箱内容纳有燃料输送机构。燃料输送机构包括料斗、一个送料筒、以及一个容纳于送料筒内的螺旋送料杆。送料筒为一个圆柱形的筒状体,包含一个容纳于辅助设备箱内的进料端和一个位于燃烧器上部的出料端。螺旋送料杆容纳于送料筒之内。送料筒的进料端处有开口,开口与料斗的底部相连通,料斗内的生物质燃料颗粒可以从开口处通过重力作用进入送料筒。螺旋送料杆的螺旋送料叶片被送料电机驱动转动,推动进入送料筒的生物质燃料颗粒向出料端移动,燃料颗粒经过出料端后通过重力作用落入燃烧器,实现燃料从料斗至燃烧器的供给。
燃烧器包括一块内侧斜板,内侧斜板包括一条第一底边、一条第一顶边、以及两条第一侧边,送料筒的出料端在第一底边和第一顶边之间穿过内侧斜板。燃烧器还包括一块外侧斜板,外侧斜板包括一条第二底边、一条第二顶边、以及两条第二侧边,内侧斜板的第一底边和外侧斜板的第二底边相连接,并使外侧斜板和内侧斜板之间呈 60 度至 90 度,较佳 70 度的夹角 a 。燃烧器还包括两块分别与内侧斜板和外侧斜板的第一侧边和第二侧边相连接的侧板。内侧斜板、外侧斜板和两块侧板围成一个燃烧区。在内侧斜板和外侧斜板上开设有数个通风孔。
在实际使用过程中发现这种燃烧器还是存在回火的问题。经过研究发现回火问题主要是由于设计结构缺陷导致的。第一,伸入到燃烧器内的送料筒出料端在长时间受到高温加热后温度可以变得很高,会引燃经过的燃料颗粒,这种燃烧向送料筒内蔓延,就行成回火。有一种改进的送料筒,在出料口附近设置至少一排向心的斜孔,从斜孔向送料筒内供风,风向指向送料筒轴心并全部偏向燃烧器方向,等于在送料筒的出料口端设置了一道锥形的风屏。这种结构可以在更长的一段时间内防止回火,但燃烧时间更长后依然会发生回火现象。其原因就是在相邻两个斜孔之间风屏的作用会比较弱甚至没有,形成弱风区,同时燃料颗粒会改变每个斜孔中吹出的风向,使这些风向变的凌乱。在两个斜孔之间有时在颗粒的影响下甚至会出现反方向的逆气流,即从出料端向进料端流动的气流。这种逆气流会造成回火。第二,在内侧斜板和外侧斜板整个板面上开设的通风孔也是引起逆气流的主要原因之一。低于送料筒出料端的通风孔本身就有向送料筒方向流动的分量,再加上燃料颗粒对风向的改变作用,在出料端就会形成逆气流,造成回火。
技术问题
本发明所要解决的一个技术问题是提供一种防回火的生物质燃料炉具,其能够消除逆气流的产生,从而完全消除炉具的回火现象。
技术解决方案
为了解决以上技术问题,本发明提供有一种防回火生物质燃料炉具,其包括一个可安放于地面上的本体,本体包括一个燃烧箱和一个辅助设备箱。燃烧箱内容一个燃烧器,辅助设备箱内容纳有料斗和电气设备。电气设备包括一个电源、一台送料电机、以及一台鼓风机。燃烧器包括一块内侧直板、一块外侧斜板、两块侧板、一段送料套筒 、 一个送料筒 、以及 一个容纳于送料筒和送料套筒内的推送器。内侧直板包括一条直板下边、一条直板上边、以及两条直板侧边。外侧斜板包括一条斜板下边、一条斜板上边、以及两条斜板侧边。内侧直板的直板下边和外侧斜板的斜板下边相连接,外侧斜板和内侧直板之间呈 60 度至 90 度的夹角。两块侧板分别与内侧直板和外侧斜板的直板侧边和斜板侧边相连接。送料套筒是一个圆柱形的筒状体,包含一个外端和一个在直板下边和直板上边之间穿过内侧直板的内端。送料筒是一个圆柱形的筒状体,包含一个进料端和一个套设于送料套筒外端之内的出料端,送料套筒的外端和送料筒的出料端之间形成一个空隙。推送器包括一根由送料电机驱动的中轴和螺旋送料叶片。在外侧斜板上推送器中轴所对应的位置以上开设有数个一次供风孔,在两块侧板上送料套筒所对应的位置以上也开设有数个一次供风孔。燃烧器下方设有数块挡板,将燃烧器下方围成一个封闭的一次供风空间。燃烧器的上方设有一个筒状的二次供风装置,二次供风装置上开设有数个二次供风孔,二次供风装置的外围形成有一个封闭的二次供风空间。送料套筒周围也形成一个封闭的防回火供风空间。防回火供风空间、一次供风空间、以及二次供风空间由鼓风机统一供风。
有益效果
本发明所带来的有益效果是,在一次和二次供风的同时,从鼓风机中吹出的空气也将进入防回火供风空间。这部分空气将通过送料套筒的外端和送料筒的出料端之间的空隙进入送料套筒,并经送料套筒朝燃烧器方向流动,在整个送料套筒内形成均匀、单向的风屏。这个风屏既不会产生斜孔之间的弱风区,也不会长时间因为燃料颗粒的阻挡形成逆气流,可以有效地防止回火。同时,由于一次供风孔都在外侧斜板上推送器中轴所对应的位置以上或者在两块侧板上送料套筒所对应的位置以上,这样一次供风的空气在离开一次供风孔以后均向上流动,向送料套筒方向流动的分量就会很小,即杜绝了一次供风对送料套筒形成逆气流的可能。
附图说明
图 1 为本发明较佳实施例炉具的一个立体示意图。
图 2 为图 1 所示实施例炉具的一个部分爆炸立体示意图。
图 3 为图 1 所示实施例炉具的一个平面剖视示意图。
图 4 为图 3 中 A 部分的局部放大示意图。
图 5 为较佳实施例炉具中燃烧器的部分立体放大示意图。以及,
图 6 为本发明较佳实施例的电气设备的电路图。
本发明的最佳实施方式
参考图1、图2、图3和图4,其显示有本发明一种防回火的生物质燃料炉具的较佳实施例。该炉具包括一个可安放于地面上的本体1,本体1包括一个燃烧箱10和一个辅助设备箱20。燃烧箱10内容纳燃烧器30;辅助设备箱20内容纳有料斗40和电气设备50。
燃烧器30包括一块内侧直板31,内侧直板31包括一条直板下边311、一条直板上边312、以及两条直板侧边313。燃烧器30还包括一块外侧斜板32,外侧斜板32包括一条斜板下边321、一条斜板上边322、以及两条斜板侧边323,内侧直板31的直板下边311和外侧斜板32的斜板下边321相连接,并使外侧斜板32和内侧直板31之间呈60度至90度,较佳70度的夹角。燃烧器30还包括两块分别与内侧直板31和外侧斜板32的直板侧边313和斜板侧边323相连接的侧板33。内侧直板31、外侧斜板32和两块侧板33围成一个燃烧区34。燃烧器30还包括一段送料套筒35、一个送料筒36、一个容纳于送料筒36和送料套筒35内的推送器37。送料套筒35是一个圆柱形的筒状体,包含一个外端351和一个在直板下边311和直板上边312之间穿过内侧直板31的内端352。送料筒36也是一个圆柱形的筒状体,包含一个容纳于辅助设备箱20内的进料端361和一个套设于送料套筒35外端351之内的出料端362,送料套筒35的外端351和送料筒36的出料端362之间形成一个空隙38。推送器37包括一根中轴371和螺旋送料叶片372。送料筒36的进料端361处有开口363,开口363与料斗40的底部相连通,料斗40内的生物质燃料颗粒60可以从开口363处通过重力作用进入送料筒36。推送器37的螺旋送料叶片372被送料电机51驱动转动,推动进入送料筒36的生物质燃料颗粒60向送料套筒35的内端352移动。燃料颗粒60经过送料筒36和送料套筒35后通过重力作用落入燃烧区34,实现燃料60从料斗40至燃烧区34的供给。在外侧斜板32上推送器37中轴371所对应的位置以上开设有数个一次供风孔38,在两块侧板33上送料套筒35所对应的位置以上也开设有数个一次供风孔38。在内侧直板31上、送料套筒35的内端352的上部还可以形成有一块燃料压板39,燃料压板39的存在可以进一步防止燃烧的燃料60进入送料套筒35的内端352形成回火。
在燃烧器30下方设有数块挡板11,将燃烧器30下方围成一个封闭的一次供风空间12。在燃烧箱10中燃烧器30的上方设有一个筒状的二次供风装置13,二次供风装置13上开设有数个二次供风孔14,二次供风装置13的外围形成有一个封闭的二次供风空间15。送料套筒35周围也形成一个封闭的防回火供风空间16。防回火供风空间16、一次供风空间12、以及二次供风空间14互相联通,由一个鼓风机52统一供风。
电气设备50的电路图如图3所示,包括驱动推送器43的送料电机51、一台鼓风机52、电源53,一个电源开关54和电源指示灯55。电源53既可以是交直流电源531,也可以在交直流电源531上并联蓄电池532作为辅助电源。交直流电源531和蓄电池532均能够单独供电。电源开关54安装于辅助设备箱20之上,可以控制整个电路的供电,开关指示灯55也安装于辅助设备箱20之上电源开关54附近,用来指示电源开关54的开合状态。燃料60为生物质燃料,是由稻草、木屑、农作物秸秆等粉碎压制而成的小颗粒。燃料60进入燃烧器30后可以被点燃,在燃烧区34处进行燃烧,燃烧区34的上部是热交换区。燃烧后的灰烬可经外侧斜板32的斜板上边322落入燃烧箱10下部的灰烬收集区。一次供风可以使生物质燃料颗粒在厌氧条件下被加热气化,产生可燃气体向上逸出;通过在燃烧器30上部的二次供风装置11再进行二次供风,可燃气体在出口处即可遇到氧气,燃烧的可燃气体即可释放热量。而在一次和二次供风的同时,从鼓风机52中吹出的空气也将进入防回火供风空间14,这部分空气将通过送料套筒44的外端441和送料筒42的出料端422之间的空隙443进入送料套筒44,并经送料套筒44朝燃烧器30方向流动,在整个送料套筒44内形成均匀、单向的风屏,这个风屏既不会产生斜孔之间的弱风区,也不会长时间因为燃料颗粒的阻挡形成逆气流,可以有效地防止回火。同时,由于一次供风孔35都在外侧斜板32上推送器43中轴431所对应的位置以上或者在两块侧板33上送料套筒44所对应的位置以上,这样一次供风的空气在离开一次供风孔35以后均向上流动,向送料套筒44方向流动的分量就会很小,即杜绝了一次供风对送料套筒44形成逆气流的可能。

Claims (1)

  1. 1. 一种防回火生物质燃料炉具,其特征在于包括一个可安放于地面上的本体( 1 ),本体( 1 )包括一个燃烧箱( 10 )和一个辅助设备箱( 20 );燃烧箱( 10 )内容一个燃烧器( 30 ),辅助设备箱( 20 )内容纳有料斗( 40 )和电气设备( 50 );电气设备( 50 )包括一个电源( 53 )、一台送料电机( 51 )、以及一台鼓风机( 52 );燃烧器( 30 )包括一块内侧直板( 31 )、一块外侧斜板( 32 )、两块侧板( 31 )、一段送料套筒 ( 35 )、 一个送料筒 ( 36 )、以及 一个容纳于送料筒 ( 36 ) 和送料套筒 ( 35 ) 内的推送器 ( 37 ); 内侧直板( 31 )包括一条直板下边( 311 )、一条直板上边( 312 )、以及两条直板侧边( 313 ),外侧斜板( 32 )包括一条斜板下边( 321 )、一条斜板上边( 322 )、以及两条斜板侧边( 323 ),内侧直板( 31 )的直板下边( 311 )和外侧斜板( 32 )的斜板下边( 321 )相连接,外侧斜板( 32 )和内侧直板( 31 )之间呈 60 度至 90 度的夹角,两块侧板( 33 )分别与内侧直板( 31 )和外侧斜板 ( 32 ) 的直板侧边 ( 313 ) 和斜板侧边 ( 323 ) 相连接,送料套筒 ( 35 ) 是一个圆柱形的筒状体,包含一个外端 ( 351 ) 和一个在直板下边 ( 311 ) 和直板上边 ( 312 ) 之间穿过内侧直板 ( 31 ) 的内端 ( 352 ) ,送料筒 ( 36 ) 是一个圆柱形的筒状体,包含一个进料端 ( 361 ) 和一个套设于送料套筒 ( 35 ) 外端 ( 351 ) 之内的出料端 ( 362 ) ,送料套筒 ( 35 ) 的外端 ( 351 ) 和送料筒 ( 36 ) 的出料端 ( 362 ) 之间形成一个空隙 ( 38 ) ,推送器( 37 )包括一根由送料电机( 51 )驱动的中轴 ( 371 ) 和螺旋送料叶片 ( 372 ) ,在外侧斜板 ( 32 ) 上推送器 ( 37 ) 中轴 ( 371 ) 所对应的位置以上开设有数个一次供风孔 ( 38 ) ,在两块侧板 ( 33 ) 上送料套筒 ( 35 ) 所对应的位置以上也开设有数个一次供风孔 ( 38 ); 燃烧器 ( 30 ) 下方设有数块挡板 ( 11 ) ,将燃烧器( 30 )下方围成一个封闭的一次供风空间 ( 12 ) ,燃烧器 ( 30 ) 的上方设有一个筒状的二次供风装置 ( 13 ) ,二次供风装置 ( 13 ) 上开设有数个二次供风孔 ( 14 ) ,二次供风装置 ( 13 ) 的外围形成有一个封闭的二次供风空间 ( 15 ) ,送料套筒 ( 35 ) 周围也形成一个封闭的防回火供风空间 ( 16 ) ,防回火供风空间 ( 16 ) 、一次供风空间 ( 12 ) 、以及二次供风空间 ( 14 ) 由鼓风机 ( 52 ) 统一供风。
    2. 如权利要求 1 所述的 防回火生物质燃料炉具,其特征在于 电气设备(50)还包括有 一个电源开关 ( 54 ) 和一个电源指示灯 ( 55 )。
    3. 如权利要求 1 所述的 使用防回火燃烧器( 30 )的炉具,其特征在于 外侧斜板 ( 32 ) 和内侧直板 ( 31 ) 之间的夹角是 70 度 。
    4. 如权利要求 2 所述的 使用防回火燃烧器( 30 )的炉具,其特征在于 外侧斜板 ( 32 ) 和内侧直板 ( 31 ) 之间的夹角是 70 度 。
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