Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
  • C01C3/00—Cyanogen; Compounds thereof
  • C01C3/02—Preparation, separation or purification of hydrogen cyanide
  • C01C3/0208—Preparation in gaseous phase
  • C01C3/0237—Preparation in gaseous phase from carbon monoxide and ammonia
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
  • B01J21/10—Magnesium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
  • B01J21/12—Silica and alumina
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
  • B01J21/18—Carbon
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/12—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of actinides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
  • B01J23/74—Iron group metals
  • B01J23/745—Iron
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
  • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
  • B01J23/83—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
  • B01J2523/20—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts of Group II (IIA or IIB) of the Periodic Table
  • B01J2523/22—Magnesium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
  • B01J2523/30—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts of Group III (IIIA or IIIB) of the Periodic Table
  • B01J2523/31—Aluminium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
  • B01J2523/30—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts of Group III (IIIA or IIIB) of the Periodic Table
  • B01J2523/39—Actinides
  • B01J2523/395—Thorium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
  • B01J2523/40—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts of Group IV (IVA or IVB) of the Periodic Table
  • B01J2523/41—Silicon
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
  • B01J2523/80—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts of Group VIII of the Periodic Table
  • B01J2523/84—Metals of the iron group
  • B01J2523/842—Iron

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic acid) HCN, for the production of cyanide compounds, in particular sodium cyanide NaCN.
• the essence of the invention is the production of hydrogen cyanide and its subsequent processing into sodium cyanide, from exhaust waste gases, metallurgical and other enterprises of the Republic of Ukraine.
• the purpose of the invention the integrated use of mineral raw materials is the disposal of industrial waste by the enterprise of the Republic of Ukraine.
• the invention relates to a technology for processing exhaust gas, metallurgical and other enterprises of the Republic of Ukraine and can be used in the production of hydrogen cyanide and cyanide compounds.
• the reaction was carried out in a two-stage apparatus with gas recirculation.
• the reactor consists of a three-zone gas path connected in series. Each zone also consists of three zones connected in series by a common gas path in order: - a gas heating zone - a tube or channel type heat exchanger, a mixing zone - gas accumulation - a mixing chamber and a contact (reaction) zone of the catalysts — catalyst bed. All heat exchangers are equipped with a thermocouple, which are connected to temperature controllers to regulate the temperature.
• the aim of the invention is to solve the problem of creating a highly efficient method for the production of hydrogen cyanide from carbon monoxide and ammonia, cheapen and simplify the existing technological scheme, use compact synthesis of the reactor and catalyst differing in the manufacturing method and the principle of exposure to the reaction mixture of gases of self-stimulating purposes, the use of simple energy-saving heating and cooling circulating closed systems with an inert heating agent, to the complex use of mineral raw materials, recycling waste gas containing CO and other metallurgical plant RK.
• the essence of the present invention is that with the selection of exhaust industrial gases containing at least 25% carbon monoxide from the exhaust duct, purifying them from unnecessary impurities and carrying out enrichment processes, bringing carbon monoxide at least 95%, accumulate in a gas tank in sufficient volume as feedstock providing the conduct of a continuous technological process for the production of hydrogen cyanide without stopping.
• Our synthesis reactor the production of hydrocyanic acid, works on the principle that an electric air heater, in contrast, has an additional outer jacket, thanks to which it is always heated at least 300 ° C and our catalysts are installed, which are made using special powder metallurgy technology in the form of round electrodes that are designed and operate as a heating element.
• the catalysts in the reactor are arranged vertically and horizontally along a certain step, form a multilayer network without contact, the catalyst electrode is heated by electric currents, due to which the catalysts emit heat and radiant energy are especially noticeable in a gaseous medium.
• the entire technological system of the gas path of the hydrogen cyanide production is flushed with an inert gas, in particular pure nitrogen gas, to a residual oxygen content of no more than 1% at the end point of the path.
• the hydrogen cyanide production technology consists of the following operating modes: “start-up mode”, “mode-operation” and “mode-stop”. During the “start-up mode”, preparatory work is carried out, the technological system is launched and the equipment is manufactured and commissioned for the “operation mode”
• the reactor is started with inert gas in the closed reactor-smoke exhaust reactor circulating mode, the catalyst heating system is turned on, and at the same time the circulation agent is fed from the general inert gas heating system through the outer jacket of the reactor.
• the reactor Upon reaching a temperature of 500 ° C in the inside of the reactor and a temperature of 300 ° C of circulating inert gas external reactor barrel, the reactor is considered ready for start-up operating mode.
• the reactor is fully automated with regulating and controlling devices that operate in automatic and manual mode.
• technological parameters for maintaining the technological mode according to the regulation are: V— nm 3 / hr gas volume, T - ° ⁇ , gas temperature in three places, at the beginning, middle and tail part, ⁇ - MPa, gas pressure, Q -% .
• concentration (composition) of gases ⁇ , NH3, HCN, ⁇ 0 2 , ⁇ 2 , 0 2 , N 2 ) /.
• An alloy of a tubular catalyst (TEN) consists of a mixture of electrode masses, iron oxides (III), aluminum, magnesium, silicon and thorium dioxide.
• the method of producing hydrogen cyanide consists in the fact that the carbon monoxide and ammonia entering the mixing pipe of the reactor are mixed due to incoming flowing horizontally directed against each other, the mixture is heated to 300 ° C from the temperature of the jacket of the reactor and falls into the initial internal chamber of the reactor in operating mode is heated being in direct contact with the catalysts due to the heat and radiant energy of the released self-heating catalysts (Tenov), the formation or decomposition of ammonia, from Deposition from the technological mode or other side effects is monitored according to the readings of the devices, if detected automatically or manually, it is controlled and immediately eliminated, the output of hydrogen cyanide reaches up to 99%, the loss of carbon monoxide is not more than 0.1%, and ammonia is not more than 0.9 %, the production flowchart operates in the non-waste technology mode, the reactor flow diagram rests on fig. one.
• the implementation of this method of producing hydrogen cyanide is carried out by the utilization of gas wastes from metallurgical and other enterprises containing carbon monoxide of at least 25%.
• Example 3 As in the first example, only by changing the ammonia supply by 10 m / h and the temperature in the reactor everywhere the same was kept up to 500 ° C. After an hour of work, the production of the finished product of hydrogen cyanide was 12.05 kg, the remaining data are entered into the Nel table.
• Example 4 In the same way as in the first example, only by changing the ammonia supply by 15 m 3 / h and the temperature in the reactor everywhere the same was kept up to 500 ° C.
• Example 5 As in the first example, only by changing the ammonia supply by 20 m 3 / h and the temperature in the reactor were kept the same everywhere up to 500 ° C. After an hour of operation, the production of the finished product of hydrogen cyanide was 15.08 kg, the remaining data are entered into table N ° l.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-07-16 WO PCT/KZ2012/000005 patent/WO2014003525A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2012-07-16 RU RU2014133369/05A patent/RU2603656C2/ru active

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