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WO2014095872A1 - Matériaux calibrés formés avec impression en trois dimensions - Google Patents

Matériaux calibrés formés avec impression en trois dimensions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014095872A1
WO2014095872A1 PCT/EP2013/076912 EP2013076912W WO2014095872A1 WO 2014095872 A1 WO2014095872 A1 WO 2014095872A1 EP 2013076912 W EP2013076912 W EP 2013076912W WO 2014095872 A1 WO2014095872 A1 WO 2014095872A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
energy
solidifiable material
portions
cross
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Ceased
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PCT/EP2013/076912
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English (en)
Inventor
Sam Coeck
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Materialise NV
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Materialise NV
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Filing date
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
    • B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
    • B29C64/135—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask the energy source being concentrated, e.g. scanning lasers or focused light sources
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting

Definitions

  • This application relates generally to three dimensional printing and/or additive manufacturing techniques such as stereolithography and selective laser sintering.
  • this application relates to systems and methods for forming objects comprising graded materials and/or materials with enhanced mechanical properties using stereolithography and/or selective laser sintering techniques.
  • Stereolithography is a rapid prototyping and manufacturing technique.
  • three dimensional printing allows for fabrication of three dimensional objects directly from computer generated CAD files.
  • SLA Stereolithography
  • the object to be formed is divided into a stack of successive layers. These layers represent the three-dimensional object as closely as possible, and are typically generated using SLA modeling software executed by a computing device. The object is then constructed using SLA machines based on the computer-generated layers.
  • the object formation process typically includes several steps. First a layer of resin is deposited over the entire building area. Next, sections of the building area that are part of the object to be constructed are illuminated. This illumination causes the resin on the illuminated areas to polymerize and harden. Upon completion of the layer a new layer of resin is deposited and the process is repeated until the each layer has been deposited. The solidified object may be removed from the resin and processed further if so desired. SLA provides the ability to quickly manufacture both simple and complex parts without tooling.
  • SLS Selective laser sintering
  • the high power laser may, for example, be a carbon dioxide laser.
  • the small particles typically are made of plastic, metal (direct metal laser sintering), ceramic, or glass powders. The fusion of these particular yields an object that has a desired three-dimensional shape.
  • the laser selectively fuses powdered material by scanning cross-sections generated from a digital three- dimensional ("3D") description of the desired part on the surface of a powder bed.
  • the 3D description may be provided by a computer assisted design (“CAD”) file or from scan data inputted into a computing device. After each cross-section is scanned, the powder bed is often lowered by one layer of thickness, a new layer of material is applied on top, and the process is repeated until the part is completed.
  • CAD computer assisted design
  • the method may include depositing a first layer of solidifiable material, applying energy to the first layer of solidifiable material to at least partially solidify the first layer, applying additional energy to portions of the first layer to increase the stiffness of the portions of the first layer, depositing a second layer of solidifiable material applying energy to the second layer of solidifiable material to at least partially solidify the second layer, and applying additional energy to portions of the second layer to increase the stiffness of the portions of the second layer.
  • this method is repeated to form for additional layers until a three-dimensional object is formed.
  • the energy may be applied using a programmable laser. Additional energy may be applied in a grid like pattern.
  • Another aspect of the subject matter described in the disclosure provides for three-dimensional object to be made by depositing a first layer of solidifiable material, applying energy to the first layer of solidifiable material to solidify the first layer, applying additional energy to portions of the first layer to increase the stiffness of the portions of the first layer, depositing a second layer of solidifiable material on the first layer of solidifiable material, and applying energy to the second layer of solidifiable material to solidify the second layer to form a three dimensional object.
  • the process includes applying additional energy to portions of the second layer to increase the stiffness of the portions of the second layer.
  • the device may include a vessel configured to hold a solidifiable material and an energy source disposed over the vessel and configured to solidify the solidifiable material.
  • the device may include a controller coupled to the energy source and configured to control the energy source such that the energy source delivers energy to the solidifiable material to solidify a cross section of an object to be formed.
  • the energy source may be controlled and/or instructed to deliver additional energy to one or more portions of the cross section to increase the stiffness of the portion relative to the cross section.
  • the method may include forming a first cross-section of the object by applying energy to a first amount of solidifiable material, forming at least one reinforcement structure in the first cross-section by applying additional of energy to at least a portion of the first cross section, contacting a second amount of solidifiable material with the first cross-section, and forming a second cross-section of the object by applying energy to the first second amount of solidifiable material.
  • the method includes forming at least one reinforcement structure in the second cross-section by applying additional of energy to at least a portion of the second cross section.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of one example of a 3D printing machine that may be used to perform the techniques disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a process, according to one embodiment, for manufacturing a 3D object having enhanced mechanical properties.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an object formed by a process, according to one embodiment, for manufacturing a 3D object having enhanced mechanical properties.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an object formed by a process, according to another embodiment, for manufacturing a 3D object having enhanced mechanical properties
  • FIG. 5 is a topside perspective view illustrating a portion of an object formed by techniques disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 6 is a topside perspective view illustrating another embodiment of an object formed by techniques disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 7 is a topside perspective view illustrating another embodiment of an object formed by techniques disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 8 is a topside perspective view illustrating another embodiment of an object formed by techniques disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 9 is a topside perspective view illustrating another embodiment of an object formed by techniques disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 10 is a topside perspective view illustrating another embodiment of an object formed by techniques disclosed herein.
  • any of the features of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.
  • One of skill in the art will recognize that the techniques and methods described herein may be performed with various additive manufacturing and/or 3D printing systems. Similarly, the products formed by the techniques and methods described herein may be formed using various additive manufacturing and/or 3D printing systems and materials.
  • Such additive manufacturing systems include, but are not limited various implementations of SLA and SLS technology.
  • Materials used may include, but are not limited to, polyurethane, polyamide, polyamide with additives such as glass or metal particles, resorbable materials such as polymer-ceramic composites, etc.
  • Examples of commercially available materials include: DSM Somos® series of materials 7100, 8100, 9100, 9420, 10100, 11100, 12110, 14120 and 15100 from DSM Somos; Accura Plastic, DuraForm, CastForm, Laserform and VisiJet line of materials from 3-Systems; Aluminium, CobaltChrome and Stainless Steel materials; Maranging Steel; Nickel Alloy; Titanium; the PA line of materials, PrimeCast and PrimePart materials and Alumide and CarbonMide from EOS GmbH.
  • the mechanical properties of objects formed using SLA and/or SLS may be altered and/or optimized by increasing the energy delivered to sections of the layers of material used to form the object.
  • the increased energy is applied in a grid-like pattern to each layer.
  • the stiffness of the objects or sections thereof may be controlled by applying additional energy to specific sections of the layers of material and/or applying additional energy in specific patterns to the layers of material as the object is formed.
  • graded materials having varied internal structure and/or composition, may be formed using SLA and/or SLS. This varied structure may result in corresponding changes to the mechanical properties of the material. Utilizing these techniques, materials may then be designed for specific function and applications. For example, unitary objects having both rigid sections and flexible sections may be formed using the techniques described herein.
  • the inventors have recognized that objects formed using SLA and/or SLS have a tendency to distort from the designed dimensions of the object. For example, material used to form the object often shrinks when the material hardens. Various sections of a given object may shrink to various extents, giving rise to differential shrinkage and inaccurate objects or portions thereof. [0030] In SLA for example, applying additional energy applied to the material used to form the object can lead to additional curing and additional stiffness of the object that is formed. Similarly, applying additional energy in SLS, can cause a higher melt pool temperature which results in decreased porosity and increased stiffness. However, these benefits typically come with a cost.
  • the techniques disclosed herein may be used to form accurately sized objects with varying mechanical properties.
  • applying increased energy in a pre-determined or pre-programmed grid or in a random pattern across one or more cross-sections of the object allows for SLA or SLS manufacturing systems to form a precise object, and having custom designed mechanical properties, while avoiding problems associated with applying higher energy over the entire object, such as part deformation.
  • a method of forming an object with 3D printing that results in an accurately sized and shaped object.
  • applying the same energy in a uniform or substantially uniform manner to each layer of an object may result in some shrinkage and/or deformation of the object in comparison with the designed parameters as explained above.
  • Applying less total energy to each layer may reduce the amount of shrinkage applying less total energy to each layer but may also result in an object that lacks the desired strength and/or stiffness characteristics. Applying less total energy to each layer may also reduce the ability of each layer to adhere to and or bond with adjacent layers.
  • distributing how and where the energy is distributed in each layer may result in less shrinkage and/or deformation from, for example, a digital rendering of the object and may allow for a more accurately sized and shaped object to be formed without applying less total energy.
  • Distributing how and where the energy is distributed in each layer may also result in layers that adhere to one another and/or have the desired mechanical properties and/or characteristics. Accordingly, distributing the same total amount of energy in a varied manner may result in less shrinkage and/or deformation of the object or portions thereof from the object as modeled and designed.
  • a 3D object is formed by construction individual cross-sections and combining the cross-sections to form the 3D object.
  • Each cross-section or layer of the object can be the same thickness or each cross-section or layer of the object can have varying thickness.
  • one or more cross-section or layers include reinforcements or fiber-like structures formed therein. Reinforcement areas may be formed by delivering more energy to the desired area than delivered to the remainder of the cross-section.
  • fiber-like structures, lines or patterns of lines for example may be formed in one or more cross sections by delivering more energy to selected portions of the cross-section in comparison to the remainder of the cross-section.
  • distributing proportionally energy higher levels to one or more portions of a cross-section may form reinforcements and/or fibers within the cross-section.
  • the techniques disclosed herein may be used to form patient-specific surgical devices, tools, guides, and/or implants designed for an individual patient's anatomy.
  • patient-specific devices, tools, guides, and/or implants may be manufactured to have a custom fit or functioning in a unique, customized manner for a particular individual patient.
  • the use of patient-specific devices, tools, guides, and/or implants may allow for improved or optimized surgical interventions, orthopedic structures, and/or kinematics for the patient. Similar benefits may be obtained when such patient- specific devices are used in combination with standard implants, tools, devices, surgical procedures, and/or other methods.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of one example of a 3D printing machine 100 that may be used to perform the techniques disclosed herein and may be used to form objects having customizable mechanical properties.
  • the 3D printing machine 100 may include a vessel 105 of liquid polymer 107 that hardens when the liquid polymer is struck by one or more computer controlled laser beams.
  • the laser may be a programmable laser.
  • a controller 120 may control the laser 110.
  • a digital representation of the 3D object to be formed is input to the controller 120.
  • the digital representation is sliced into a series of cross-sectional layers which can be overlaid to form the object as a whole.
  • the controller 105 may use this data for building the object on a layer-by- layer basis.
  • the cross- sectional data representing the layer data of the 3D object may be generated using a computer system and computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software.
  • CAD/CAM computer aided design and manufacturing
  • supports for overhangs and cavities may be automatically generated for the particular object to be formed by the controller and/or other hardware and/or software.
  • the support and object files may be divided into thin horizontal slices and programmed into the 3D printing machine 100 which may use a computer controlled laser 110 to draw a cross-section onto the surface of the liquid polymer 107.
  • the object may then be lowered along with the resin level of the vessel 105 to a depth corresponding to the next cross-section's desired thickness.
  • a small reservoir holding additional liquid polymer (not shown) may then move over the vessel 105 and deposit an additional liquid polymer 107 over the object and the vessel 105.
  • the computer controlled laser 110 may then draw the next cross-section directly on top of the previous one. This may be repeated until the part is finished.
  • the computer controlled laser 110 may draw grids or different shapes or patterns across the cross section or portions of the cross section. In this way, additional energy is applied to portions of one or more cross sections that formthe object. As such, portions of the cross section will experience additional curing and additional stiffness. Thus, the object that is formed may have unique and controllable mechanical properties.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a process 200 for manufacturing a 3D object having enhanced mechanical properties.
  • the process 200 may begin at step 202 by depositing a first layer of solidifiable material.
  • the first layer of solidifiable material can be any suitable thickness and may comprise a liquid polymer.
  • the liquid polymer may solidify when exposed to light.
  • the light may be a laser light.
  • the process can continue at step 204 by applying energy to the first layer of solidifiable material.
  • the energy may solidify the solidifiable material.
  • the energy may be delivered in the form of a laser beam.
  • the laser may be configured to supply varying intensities such that energy delivered by the beam can be controlled. In general, the more energy that is supplied to the solidifiable material, the more solid and stiff the solidifiable material becomes.
  • the laser may be configured to expose an entire cross section of an object that is to be formed. In this way, one cross section of the solid three dimensional object may be formed.
  • the process 200 may continue at step 206 by applying additional energy to portions of the first layer so as to increase the stiffness of certain portions of the first layer.
  • additional energy In general, there is a maximum amount of energy that can be applied to each cross-section. However, maximum energy delivery to across an entire cross-section often results in maximum shrinkage and/or deformation of the cross-section from the designed and/or desired shape. Applying additional energy to portions of the cross-section allows for a method to increase the stiffness of the cross-section, or portions thereof, while avoiding shrinkage and/or deformation from the desired shape. Applying additional energy to select portions of the cross-section can also allow for selective stiffness.
  • the process 200 may continue at step 208 by depositing a second layer of solidifiable material on top of the first layer of solidifiable material.
  • the second layer of solidifiable material can be any suitable thickness and may comprise a liquid polymer.
  • the liquid polymer may solidify when exposed to light.
  • the light may be a laser light.
  • the process 200 can continue at step 210 by applying energy to the second layer of solidifiable material.
  • the energy may solidify the solidifiable material.
  • the energy may be delivered in the form of a laser beam.
  • the laser may be configured to supply varying intensities such that energy delivered by the beam can be controlled.
  • the process 200 may continue at step 212 by applying additional energy to portions of the second layer so as to increase the stiffness of certain portions of the second layer. Such a process can lead to variation in composition and structure over the entire volume of the object to be formed. The patterns of additional energy may result in corresponding changes in the properties of the material. In this way, the materials can be designed for specific function and applications.
  • the process 200 may continue at step 214 by depositing additional layers of solidifiable material and applying energy to each layer. Additional energy can be applied as desired in order to alter the mechanical properties.
  • FIG. 3 a schematic illustration of an object 310 formed by a process, according to one embodiment, for manufacturing a 3D object having enhanced mechanical properties is shown.
  • additional energy was applied at sections 308 in each layer 301, 302, and 303 that forms the object 310.
  • additional energy was applied in the same pattern to each layer 301, 302, and 303. This results in an object with stiffer fiber-like sections 312 that run through the object.
  • the additional energy need not be applied in the same pattern for each layer.
  • additional energy may be applied in a staggered manner when forming an object 410.
  • each layer may have additional energy applied in a different pattern or in a similar pattern that is offset from the pattern in the layer above and/or below. In this way, the mechanical properties of the object can be altered and customized in three dimensions.
  • a "lateral axis” may extend across a top surface of the object extending away from the viewer.
  • a “longitudinal axis” may be approximately normal (i.e. at approximately a 90° angle to) to the transverse axis and extends across a top surface of the object.
  • a “transverse axis” may extend approximately normal to both the longitudinal and lateral axes.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a portion of an object 500 formed according to one embodiment.
  • the illustrated object 500 was formed using a modified SLA technique.
  • increased energy was applied to each layer of the material used to form the object 500 in an array or grid-like pattern of lines.
  • increased energy was applied to each layer in a series of substantially parallel lines 505 of uniform thickness in the lateral direction.
  • increased energy was applied to each layer in a series of substantially parallel lines 509 of uniform thickness at about 45° from the lateral direction.
  • Increased energy was also applied to each layer in a series of substantially parallel lines 511 of uniform thickness roughly normal to lines 509 forming a diamond shaped cross-hatched pattern.
  • the process involved minimal shrinkage to the object 500 and the tensile strength of the object 500 increased in comparison to embodiments that did not apply increased energy doses.
  • the application of increased energy in a consistent manner throughout the layering results in stiffer fiber-like portions that run in a grid-like pattern throughout the three dimensional structure of the object and stiffer object overall.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a portion of an object 600 formed according to another embodiment.
  • Object 600 was formed in a substantially similar manner as object 500.
  • increased energy was applied to each layer in a series of substantially parallel lines 611 of uniform thickness in the longitudinal direction.
  • increased energy was applied to each layer in a series of substantially parallel lines 605 of uniform thickness at about 45° from the lateral direction.
  • Increased energy was also applied to each layer in a series of substantially parallel lines 607 of uniform thickness roughly normal to lines 605 forming a diamond shaped cross-hatched pattern.
  • the process involved minimal shrinkage to the object 600 and the tensile strength of the object 600 increased in comparison to embodiments that did not apply increased energy doses.
  • the grid like patterns are staggered or offset from one another in the transverse direction.
  • the mechanical properties of the object can be altered and/or optimized for each direction in three dimensional space.
  • the lines of increased energy may be applied in lines of verifying thickness and length and pattern that is desired.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a portion of an object 700 formed according to another embodiment.
  • the illustrated object 700 was formed using a modified SLA technique.
  • increased energy may be applied to each layer of the material used to form the object 700 in a random manner.
  • increased energy was applied in a random pattern of straight lines to each layer of the material while the object was formed.
  • the process involved minimal shrinkage to the object 700 and the tensile strength of the object 300 increased in comparison to embodiments that did not apply increased energy doses.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a portion of an object 800 formed according to another embodiment. As shown, increased energy was applied in a series of hexagonal shapes 816 to each layer of the material used to form the object 800. Again, the process involved minimal shrinkage to the object 800 and the tensile strength of the object 800 increased in comparison to embodiments that did not apply increased energy doses.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a portion of an object 900 formed according to another embodiment. As shown, increased energy was applied in a two dimensional pattern to each layer of the material used to form the object 900. As shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a portion of an object 1000 formed according to another embodiment.
  • increased energy was applied to each layer in a series of substantially parallel lines 1005 of uniform thickness in the longitudinal direction and in a series of substantially parallel lines 1006 in the lateral direction to form a grid like pattern.
  • the process involved minimal shrinkage to the object 1000 and the tensile strength of the object 1000 increased in comparison to embodiments that did not apply increased energy doses.
  • additional energy can be applied by delivering energy to certain portions of a layer for longer periods of time than to other portions, for example at the same or similar intensity levels.
  • additional energy can be applied by delivering energy to certain portions of a layer at increased intensity levels relative to other portions.
  • energy can be applied by moving a laser or other energy source over the surface of a layer in a pattern, optionally with varying speeds and/or varying intensity levels to generate relatively stiffer portions in the pattern.
  • energy can be applied by projecting one or more energy sources onto a layer to generate a pattern (e.g., a two-dimensional pattern) at once.
  • energy can be applied in a first pattern to at least partially solidify certain portions of a layer, and then energy can be applied in a second pattern to increase the stiffness of the portions of the layer falling within the second pattern.
  • varying levels of energy can be applied at once using multiple energy sources, using, for example, one or more lasers, an array of fixed or movable LEDs, and/or digital light processing controlled illumination.
  • any of the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, cores, processors, controllers, means, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware (e.g., a digital implementation, an analog implementation, or a combination of the two, which may be designed using source coding or some other technique), various forms of program or design code incorporating instructions (which may be referred to herein, for convenience, as "software” or a "software module”), or combinations of both.
  • software or a “software module”
  • the invention disclosed herein may be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using standard programming or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof.
  • Code or logic may be implemented in hardware or non-transitory computer readable media such as optical storage devices, and volatile or non-volatile memory devices or transitory computer readable media such as signals, carrier waves, etc.
  • Such hardware may include, but is not limited to, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), programmable logic arrays (PLAs), microprocessors, or other similar processing devices.
  • any reference to an element herein using a designation such as "first,” “second,” and so forth does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations may be used herein as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, a reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements may be employed there or that the first element must precede the second element in some manner. Also, unless stated otherwise a set of elements may comprise one or more elements.

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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des techniques d'impression en trois dimensions, telles que la stéréolithographie (SLA) et/ou le frittage sélectif par laser (FSL). Les techniques décrites ici permettent de modifier et/ou d'optimiser les propriétés mécaniques d'objets formés en utilisant la SLA et/ou le FSL, en augmentant l'énergie délivrée à des sections des couches de matériau utilisé pour former l'objet. Dans certains modes de réalisation, une énergie augmentée est appliquée selon un motif en grille à chaque couche formant l'objet. De cette façon, des matériaux calibrés, ayant diverses structures et/ou compositions internes, peuvent être formés en utilisant la SLA et/ou le FSL. Dans certains modes de réalisation, le contrôle de la quantité et de la localisation de l'énergie délivrée à chaque section transversale d'un objet formé avec une technique d'impression en trois dimensions aboutit à moins de retassure et/ou de déformation à partir, par exemple, d'une interprétation numérique de l'objet, et peut permettre de former des objets plus précis en termes de taille et de forme.
PCT/EP2013/076912 2012-12-17 2013-12-17 Matériaux calibrés formés avec impression en trois dimensions Ceased WO2014095872A1 (fr)

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CN105058549A (zh) * 2015-07-20 2015-11-18 武汉大学 基于飞秒激光的3d打印制备压电陶瓷的方法
WO2016089906A1 (fr) * 2014-12-01 2016-06-09 Raytheon Company Composant structural composite
WO2017148100A1 (fr) * 2016-03-02 2017-09-08 珠海赛纳打印科技股份有限公司 Procédé et système de fabrication d'un objet 3d en couleur
CN107150437A (zh) * 2016-03-02 2017-09-12 珠海赛纳打印科技股份有限公司 一种彩色3d物体的变频打印方法及系统
CN107160671A (zh) * 2016-03-02 2017-09-15 珠海赛纳打印科技股份有限公司 一种彩色3d物体的制作方法及系统
CN107500511A (zh) * 2017-09-19 2017-12-22 安徽恒利增材制造科技有限公司 一种3d打印成型大型复杂形状玻璃的方法
CN108906560A (zh) * 2018-08-09 2018-11-30 广州联声电子科技有限公司 一种制作压电超声换能器的方法
DE102018103190A1 (de) 2018-02-13 2019-08-14 Müller Textil GmbH Druckelastisches Abstandsbauteil sowie damit gebildeter belüfteter Fahrzeugsitz
US10399183B2 (en) 2015-06-10 2019-09-03 Ipg Photonics Corporation Multiple beam additive manufacturing
EP3273431B1 (fr) 2016-07-19 2019-11-20 Humanetics Innovative Solutions, Inc. Organes internes imprimés en trois dimensions pour mannequin pour crash test
DE102019101208A1 (de) 2019-01-17 2020-07-23 Müller Textil GmbH Verkleidungsteil sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verkleidungsteils
WO2020204777A1 (fr) 2019-03-29 2020-10-08 Akira Science Ab Échafaudages destinés à être utilisés en ingénierie tissulaire et procédé de préparation d'échafaudages
US20220004687A1 (en) * 2019-03-22 2022-01-06 Materialise N.V. System and methods for predicting overheating for additive manufacturing using simulation

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