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WO2014090565A1 - Appareil de mesure du niveau de remplissage - Google Patents

Appareil de mesure du niveau de remplissage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014090565A1
WO2014090565A1 PCT/EP2013/074691 EP2013074691W WO2014090565A1 WO 2014090565 A1 WO2014090565 A1 WO 2014090565A1 EP 2013074691 W EP2013074691 W EP 2013074691W WO 2014090565 A1 WO2014090565 A1 WO 2014090565A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
carrier
directors
dipole
antennas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2013/074691
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Blödt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Original Assignee
Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Flowtec AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG, Flowtec AG filed Critical Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Publication of WO2014090565A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014090565A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/225—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles used in level-measurement devices, e.g. for level gauge measurement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/108—Combination of a dipole with a plane reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
    • H01Q19/30—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. Yagi antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/26—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna for working with microwaves on the transit time principle level gauge for measuring a level of a filling material in a container or for a device for metrological detection of transmission, reception, transmission and / or signal generation properties of microwaves
  • Level measuring devices operating with microwaves according to the transit time principle are used, for example, in measurement and control technology as well as in industrial applications
  • Process automation used to measure fill levels of a product in a container.
  • the filling level determination according to the transit time principle is based on the fact that transmission signals are transmitted by means of an antenna in the direction of the product surface, and their signal components reflected at the product surface are received by means of an antenna as receiving signals after a runtime dependent on the level to be measured.
  • the transit time is determined based on the transmit and receive signals, which have needed the signals for the way to the product surface and back.
  • the distance between the level gauge and the product surface is calculated, from which then the level is determined at a known installation height of the measuring device above the container. To determine the transit times, all known methods can be used, which allow relatively short distances by means of reflected
  • antennas are preferably used, the emission characteristics have a single dominant main lobe with the smallest possible opening angle.
  • horn antennas fed via a coaxial line are used for this purpose. These include a microwave to be fed via a coupling
  • Waveguide segment usually a circular waveguide to which a in
  • Transmitting direction opening funnel connects.
  • the opening angle of the forming main lobe is greater, the smaller the diameter of the
  • Waveguide segment is. To achieve a small opening angle of the main lobe Consequently, the waveguide segment must have a comparatively large diameter.
  • the openings in the container into which the antenna is inserted must be correspondingly large.
  • horn antennas Another disadvantage of horn antennas is that the couplings fed by horn antennas are comparatively large, typically metallic, components which must be machined with high precision in order to produce the desired ones
  • antennas with planar antenna structures applied to a carrier such as e.g. Patch antennas
  • the planar antenna structure is applied to an upper side of a dielectric substrate, the underside of which is provided with a metal coating lying regularly to ground.
  • These antennas emit microwave signals perpendicular to the carrier plane to which the planar antenna structure is applied. They have the advantage that they can be manufactured inexpensively and mechanically with high precision.
  • individual patch antennas regularly have a comparatively weak one
  • the antenna structures are regularly mechanically sensitive, they are preferably inserted into a protective waveguide segment. Just like that
  • Waveguide segments of horn antennas should also these waveguide segments have the largest possible diameter, so that a main lobe can be achieved with the smallest possible opening angle.
  • a then developed by the Japanese Hidetsugu Yagi and Shinataro Uda antenna principle is known in which a dipole is used, which are preceded in the transmission direction, a number of parallel to the dipole, parallel to each other and perpendicular to the direction of transmission directors.
  • Yagi-Uda antennas are usually wise in
  • these antennas are not used in level measurement, since there is a directed, preferably highly concentrated radiation of the microwave signals is required, and the microwave signals have significantly higher frequencies.
  • Frequencies in the pulsed radar level measurement method today are in the range of 5 GHz - 80 GHz, e.g. at 6.3 GHz, 10 GHz, 25.5 GHz or 78 GHz. However, it is quite conceivable that as the development of high frequency technology progresses, even higher frequencies, e.g. 1 10 GHz, can be used.
  • the invention comprises an antenna for a microwave after
  • Runtime principle working level gauge for measuring a level of a filling material in a container or for a device for checking transmission, reception, transmission and / or signal generation properties of a
  • At least one individual antenna provided on a planar dielectric support
  • the dipole in a direction perpendicular to the surface normal to the carrier extending transmission direction of the antenna upstream, in the transmission direction one behind the other and spaced on the support arranged, parallel to each other and perpendicular to the transmission direction aligned, line-shaped directors and
  • the reflectors comprise
  • the carrier consists of a carrier material having a dielectric constant less than or equal to 3.5, or
  • the carrier has a base
  • the base has a recess in an area in which the directors are arranged on the carrier.
  • the carrier consists of a carrier material having a dielectric constant greater than or equal to 4 and less than 10, and
  • the carrier points to its side facing away from the dipole side of the directors in front of the
  • the invention comprises embodiments in which
  • applied folding dipole is, or
  • the dipole an open elongated dipole, especially one on an upper side of the carrier
  • At least one of these individual antennas is designed such that
  • At least one of the individual antennas for transmitting microwave signals of a predetermined frequency and / or for receiving received signals of the predetermined frequency
  • two or more individual antennas are arranged on a common carrier next to each other or completely or partially overlapping.
  • the individual antennas are juxtaposed parallel operated designed for the same frequency or the same frequency range individual antennas, or
  • the individual antennas are wholly or partially overlapping arranged individually operated designed for different frequencies or different frequency ranges individual antennas.
  • the invention comprises a working with microwaves on the transit time principle level gauge with an antenna according to the invention.
  • the antenna is arranged in a housing, and
  • the housing is sealed in the transmission direction of the antenna to the outside through a dielectric window, esp. A window designed as a dielectric lens.
  • High frequency assembly for receiving and / or processing with the antenna received signals received and / or for generating via the antenna to be transmitted microwave signals arranged.
  • the antenna has a balanced antenna connection
  • the balanced antenna connection is via a balun to an asymmetric
  • the antenna feeds a waveguide segment which, in the transmission direction, merges into a funnel which widens in the transmission direction.
  • the invention comprises a device for the metrological detection of transmission, reception, transmission and / or signal generation properties of units designed for microwaves, in particular of high-frequency assemblies of
  • the antenna according to the invention has the advantage that the directivity of the antenna is essentially determined by the number of directors, and thus by their length. Accordingly, the antenna can have comparatively small dimensions perpendicular to the transmission direction, without its directional characteristic thereby being impaired. The antenna can thus be used in very small container openings.
  • Level gauges are built by the antenna and RF assembly are integrated in a compact module.
  • the radio-frequency module and the antenna can be arranged on a single carrier. This eliminates the need to connect antenna and high frequency assembly via usually expensive and sensitive connectors and / or high-frequency cables together. Due to the compared to connectors almost reflection-free connection of the antennas according to the invention to the high-frequency modules, the
  • Dielectric constant of the ambient atmosphere and thus have a lower reflectivity.
  • the antenna is inexpensive to produce compared to horn or rod antennas. In this case, only manufacturing steps are required for the production of the antenna, which in the manufacture of the
  • antenna structure in particular the dipole and the directors, can not only be applied cost-effectively to the carrier, but above all can be manufactured with high precision.
  • Fig. 1 shows: a level measuring arrangement
  • Fig. 2 shows: an upper side of a arranged on a support one
  • Fig. 3 shows an underside of the carrier of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 shows: an upper side of a arranged on a support one
  • Fig. 6 shows an underside of the carrier of Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 shows four each having a base and a layer applied thereon
  • a carrier comprising carrier
  • Fig. 8 shows a housing sealed by a dielectric window
  • Fig. 9 shows: a horn fed by an antenna
  • Fig. 10 shows: an antenna inserted into a waveguide segment of a horn;
  • Fig. 1 1 shows: a four arranged on a support individual antennas
  • Fig. 12 shows: a two nested on a support
  • FIG. 13 shows a device for metrological detection of transmission, transmission, reception, transmission and / or transmission
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a filling level measuring arrangement for measuring a filling level L of a filling material 1 in a container 3.
  • It comprises a mounted on the container 3 in an installation height H related here with respect to the container bottom working with microwaves according to the transit time principle
  • the fill level measuring device has an antenna 5 according to the invention, which serves to send microwave signals S in the direction of the medium 1 in the measuring device, and to receive the signal components reflected back on the product surface 7 back to the antenna 5 as received signals R after a time dependent on the filling level L.
  • the invention is described using the example of a measuring device which has a single antenna 5, which serves both to transmit the microwave signals S and to receive the received signals R.
  • two separate antennas formed according to the invention could also be provided, one of which serves for transmission and the other for reception.
  • the antenna 5 is connected to a high-frequency module 9, via which it is fed with the microwave signals S to be transmitted, and they are the incoming
  • Receiving signals R can be used from the prior art in connection with conventional pulse radar or FMCW level gauges known devices and methods.
  • the microwave signals S have frequencies in the gigahertz range. Typical frequencies in the pulsed radar level measurement method today are in the range of 5 GHz - 80 GHz, e.g. at 6.3 GHz, 10 GHz, 25.5 GHz or 78 GHz. However, it is quite conceivable that even higher frequencies can be used as the development of high-frequency technology progresses.
  • the antenna 5 comprises at least one individual antenna, which has a dipole provided on a planar dielectric support, the transmission direction X of which extends perpendicular to the surface normal to the support
  • Single antenna at least 10, preferably 20-40, arranged one behind the other and spaced apart on the support, parallel to each other and perpendicular to the
  • Transmitting X aligned, line-shaped directors are upstream, and which has at least one arranged on one of the transmission direction X opposite side of the dipole reflector.
  • the transmission direction X corresponds to the individual antenna of the transmission direction of the antenna 5. If several individual antennas are used, these are to be aligned for use in a level gauge such that their transmission directions X are parallel to one another and thus parallel to the transmission direction of the entire antenna 5 lost.
  • antenna according to the invention mainly speaks of the transmission direction X
  • these antennas can of course also be used for reception, the reception direction then - as always with passive antennas always the case - in the direction of transmission X opposite direction.
  • the invention is first described with reference to several embodiments of each having only a single antenna antennas 5.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show a first exemplary embodiment of a single antenna arranged on the planar dielectric support 11.
  • 2 shows a view of an upper side
  • FIG. 3 shows a view of an underside of the carrier 11.
  • a dipole 15 which is fed via a symmetrical antenna connection 13, is provided.
  • the carrier 1 1 is provided isolated.
  • the carrier 1 1 can also form a layer of a multilayer printed circuit board. In the case is above and / or under the carrier 1 1 at least one more
  • the illustrated dipole 15 is a Faltdipol, which is applied in the form of correspondingly shaped conductor tracks on the support 1 1.
  • line-shaped directors 17 aligned parallel to each other and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the dipole 15, designated here by Y, are arranged in front of the dipole 15.
  • the directors 17 are preferably narrow straight on the carrier 1 1 applied conductor track sections.
  • the dipole 15 and the directors 17 are preferably applied to the carrier 1 1 metallic structures, esp. Of copper, nickel-plated and then gold-plated copper or tinned copper.
  • Metallic structures offer the advantage of being compatible with circuit board fabrication techniques, e.g. can be manufactured using etching processes, cost-effective and, above all, high-precision.
  • the dipole 15 and the directors 17 can - as shown here - be applied in a plane on the support 1 1. Alternatively, however, it would also be possible to apply them to different parallel, adjacent surfaces, e.g. on adjacent surfaces of individual
  • PCB layers of a multilayer printed circuit board apply.
  • the directors 17 are excited by the radiation emitted by the dipole 15. With appropriate dimensioning takes place in the over the central regions of the directors 17 extending transmission direction X, a phase and direction-dependent superposition of the outgoing from the dipole 15 and the individual directors 17
  • Microwave signals can be further increased to some extent by increasing the number of directors 17 placed one behind the other in the transmission direction X.
  • This additional bundling causes a reduction of the opening angle of the main lobe.
  • at least 10 directors 17, but preferably 20 - 40 directors 17, are provided.
  • antennas in which a reduction of the antenna aperture regularly with a magnification required for the introduction of the antenna in the container
  • FIGS. 4 shows an upper side of a first alternative exemplary embodiment of the antenna 5.
  • an elongate dipole 19 applied to the upper side of the carrier 11 is provided.
  • Fig. 5 shows an upper side and Fig. 6 shows an underside of a second alternative
  • the dipole 21 provided here is designed as a folded dipole. in the
  • this does not run on the support 1 1, but in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the support 1 1 extending plane.
  • it comprises two perpendicular to the top
  • Transmission direction X extending line segments 23, whose center of the carrier facing ends over parallel and opposite to the transmission direction X extending
  • Line segments 25 are connected to the symmetrical antenna terminal 13, and the outer ends of the carrier facing each connected via a through the carrier 1 1 passing through hole 27 with a running on the underside of the support 1 1 perpendicular to the transmission direction X line segment 29, which are the two Through contacts 27 connects to each other.
  • the individual antennas have reflectors arranged on the side of the respective dipole 15, 19, 21 facing away from the transmitting direction X on the top and / or bottom side, preferably on the top and bottom sides of the carrier 11
  • the reflectors 31, 32, 33 cause the bundling of the transmission power takes place exclusively in the desired transmission direction X. Without reflectors 31, 32, 33, the directors 17 would cause bunching in the desired transmission direction X and in the opposite spatial direction -X. As a result, only half of the
  • the components are preferably SMD components. Particularly suitable for this purpose are components which have a highly reflective, comparatively large dielectric core, such as e.g. Resistors and capacitors.
  • Top side of the carrier 1 1 applied electrically conductive or provided with an electrically conductive coating - here only schematically illustrated - wall segments, e.g. metallic or metallized wall segments, provided. These may alternatively or additionally also be arranged on the underside of the carrier 11, which is not shown here.
  • the wall segments are for example on the top and / or bottom of the carrier 1 1 arranged sheets, or metallic or metallized
  • reflectors 33 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 can be used. These reflectors 33 are formed by feedthroughs 35 passing through the carrier 11, which are arranged distributed along wide line structures 37 running parallel to the dipole longitudinal axis Y on the upper side of the carrier 11, and arranged underneath on the underside of the carrier 11 connect wide line structures 39.
  • the vias 35 can be used.
  • Microwave signals in the free space and preferably less than one-eighth of the
  • the carrier 1 1 preferably consist of a low dielectric conductivity having, preferably low-loss, carrier material.
  • carriers 11 are preferably made of one
  • Used carrier material that is as low loss, and preferably a low dielectric constant ⁇ ⁇ , esp. A dielectric constant ⁇ ⁇ of less than or equal to 3, 5 has.
  • a dielectric constant ⁇ ⁇ of less than or equal to 3, 5 has.
  • polytetrafluoroethylene ceramic circuit boards as sold by Rogers, for example, under the names RO3003 and RO4003 are suitable.
  • the carriers 1 1, at least in the region of the directors 17, have the smallest possible thickness, in particular a thickness of 50 ⁇ m to 700 ⁇ m.
  • carrier materials with a low dielectric constant ⁇ ⁇ are regularly mechanically sensitive, since they usually contain little or no reinforcing glass fiber fabric.
  • the directors 17 of the antenna 5 can now - as shown in the embodiments a) and d) - on the side remote from the base 41 top of the layer 43, or - as in the embodiments b) and c) shown - on the base 41st facing bottom of the layer 43 may be arranged.
  • the base 41 in the area over which the directors 17 are located preferably has one
  • the base 41 may also be made of metal.
  • the recess 45 is to be dimensioned such that between the layer 43 and the
  • Recess 45 remains a thin layer 47 of the base material remains. This is in the
  • the layer 47 preferably has a thickness less than or equal to 250 ⁇ .
  • the embodiment c) has the advantage that the directors 17 are enclosed between the layer 43 and the layer 47.
  • the directors 17 are thus protected against oxidation. They can thus be made of a, in view of the skin effect advantageous, highly conductive metal, esp. Pure copper, that must be nickel-plated and gold-plated or tinned to avoid oxidation.
  • the support 1 1 "to increase the directivity of the antennas according to the invention 5 preferably the transmitting side, ie on the side facing away from the respective dipole 15, 19 side of the directors 17 in front of the directors 17, equipped with an end portion 49 whose width in the transmission direction X continuously decreases
  • the transmitting side ie on the side facing away from the respective dipole 15, 19 side of the directors 17 in front of the directors 17, equipped with an end portion 49 whose width in the transmission direction X continuously decreases
  • the end region 49 which tapers in the transmission direction X, effectively acts like a
  • Dielectric constant ⁇ ⁇ use.
  • the dielectric constant ⁇ ⁇ is preferably between 4 and 10 with regard to the lens effect.
  • the dimensioning of the antenna 5, esp. Of the dipole 15 and the directors 17 takes place in principle according to the criteria applicable to conventional Yagi-Uda antennas.
  • the dimensioning is based on the type of level measurement used
  • the dimensioning is based on the wavelengths ⁇ , which form the microwave signals S along the carrier 1 1. This is determined by the in the
  • Microwave signals contained frequencies and the relative permittivity ⁇ , - of the
  • Carrier material determined.
  • short microwave pulses of predetermined duration and signal frequency f are periodically transmitted at a predetermined repetition frequency. Accordingly, the dimensioning of the used signal frequency f designed.
  • the microwave signal S to be transmitted as well as the associated one contain
  • Receive signal R substantially only a known signal frequency f .
  • the dipole 15, 19 or 21 preferably has a length of the order of half a wavelength ⁇ / 2.
  • the directors 17 are preferably all the same length and slightly shorter than the dipole 15, 19 and 21, respectively.
  • the distance from the dipole 15 to the nearest director 17 is on the order of 0.15 wavelengths ⁇ , and the distances between any two adjacent directors 17 are preferably all the same and on the order of about 0.1 to 0.2 wavelengths ⁇ ,
  • Lengths refer in each case to the wavelength ⁇ , which form the microwave signals of the predetermined frequency f in the free space.
  • the FMCW radar level measurement method uses continuously transmitted periodically frequency-modulated microwave transmission signals. Consequently, significantly broadband individual antennas are advantageous here.
  • An increase in the broadband can be achieved by
  • a through-hole D is provided in each case. These vias D are in that shown in Figs. 2 and 3
  • the directors 17 on the underside of the carrier 1 1 end perpendicular to the transmission direction X.
  • extensions F are provided. These preferably have a short length of less than one eighth of the free-space wavelengths of the ones to be transmitted
  • a further increase in the bandwidth can additionally be effected by slightly varying the lengths L of the directors and their distances from one another over the length of the antenna 5.
  • the individual antennas are preferably formed as logarithmic periodic antennas.
  • Carrier 1 1 is formed correspondingly wide. With a length of the directors 17 of half a wavelength ⁇ / 2, the total width of the carrier 1 1 is therefore at least one wavelength ⁇ . Accordingly, the antennas 5 designed according to the invention are not only extremely flat, but also have a very narrow width when using a single individual antenna.
  • the antenna width is of the order of 1.5 cm and the antenna length is 28 cm in the order of 17 cm for 28 directors 17.
  • the antenna width is of the order of 5 mm and the antenna length of 28 directors 17 is of the order of 7 cm.
  • the antenna width is on the order of 2 mm and the antenna length is on the order of 2 cm.
  • Antennas 5 with such small dimensions offer the advantage that they can be used on the container 3 in openings with a correspondingly small nominal diameter.
  • the antenna 5 and the high-frequency module 9 to be connected thereto are preferably integrated in a single module.
  • the high-frequency module 9 can be arranged directly on the carrier 11 or on or in a carrier 11 comprising the multilayer printed circuit board. This is shown in FIGS. 2 and 5.
  • the antenna terminal 13 is a balanced terminal. If the high-frequency subassembly 9 also has a symmetrical connection, it can be placed directly on the carrier 11
  • a balun 51 is preferably used. This is shown by way of example in FIG. 5. There, the balun 51 transfers the balanced connection lines of the antenna terminal 13 to a
  • Microstrip line This comprises a conductor 53 connected to the balun 51 on the upper side of the carrier 11, and a planar metallization 55 applied underneath the carrier 1 1 underneath.
  • the arrangement of antenna 5 and high-frequency module 9 on the common carrier 1 1 has the advantage that for connecting the antenna 5 to the high-frequency module 9 no expensive and usually expensive
  • Plug-in connections inevitably reflect some of the transmitted power, typically on the order of 0, 3% to 10.0%. This reflected portion is no longer regularly available for the actual measurement. Signal components attributable to reflections or multiple reflections between the antenna and the radio-frequency module are superimposed during level measurement
  • Measurement signals This increases the signal-to-noise ratio in the near range. Depending on the embodiment, thereby the level measurement in a near range of 0 m up to
  • connection of the antenna 5 according to the invention to the high-frequency subassembly 9 thus increases the available power for level measurement, and significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio in the vicinity of the antenna 5.
  • fill levels of products 1 which have a lower dielectric constant ⁇ ⁇ , and thus a lower reflectivity.
  • fillers 1 are oil, plastic granules, or wheat or grain bran. While for measuring a level of an oil with a dielectric constant ⁇ ⁇ of 1, 5 with a working at 25.5 GHz pulse radar level gauge with a
  • Horn antenna regularly a horn diameter of about 100 mm and a horn length of about 450 mm is required, an antenna according to the invention 5 with a comparable measurement accuracy can be achieved with 30 directors 17 a length of 5.5 mm only a total width of slightly more than 12 mm and a length of about 80 mm. Due to the small dimensions of the antennas 5 described above, very compact level gauges can be constructed.
  • the antenna 5 is preferably introduced into a compact housing 57, in whose transmission-side end face a dielectric window 59 is inserted.
  • the high frequency assembly 9 is preferably housed.
  • the window 59 consists of a microwave-permeable insulator of
  • a gas-tight and preferably pressure-resistant inserted into the front page are particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • windows made of pressure-resistant glass, polypropylene (PP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or ceramic.
  • High-frequency module 9 causes, as for example for use in
  • additional bundling or parallelization of the transmitted from the antenna 5 microwave signals S can be achieved, in which the window 59 - as shown here - is formed as a dielectric lens.
  • a separation of the antenna 5 from the running in the container 3 process can be effected by the otherwise exposed
  • Components of the antenna 5 are embedded in a potting compound.
  • the described antennas 5 can be mounted directly on, in or above a corresponding container opening, if safety requirements permit this at the place of use.
  • the described antennas 5 can be used to feed a horn 61 to be mounted on the container 3. Two examples of this are shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • the horn 61 in each case has a waveguide segment 63, which merges in the transmission direction X into a funnel 65 which widens in the transmission direction X.
  • the antenna 5 is arranged outside the waveguide segment 63. In the variant shown in Fig. 10, the antenna 5 is in the
  • Waveguide segment 63 introduced.
  • this antenna 67 comprises a plurality of side by side on a support 1 1 arranged parallel preferably identical individual antennas 69, each having a dipole 15 and a plurality of this upstream directors 17 have.
  • the antenna shown in Figure 2 were used as individual antennas 69.
  • other embodiments according to the invention are also possible.
  • Single antennas are used.
  • several of these antennas 67, or even a plurality of individual antennas are arranged one above the other and operated in parallel.
  • the latter can be determined, for example, on the basis of the frequency dependence of the reflection properties of the medium, which are reflected in the amplitudes of the received signals.
  • a field of application here are level measurements of products that tend to form films. This occurs e.g. in applications in which the product contains different density media that separate with time. In these applications, preferably a level gauge with a
  • the individual antennas can also be arranged side by side on one and the same carrier 11 as in the antenna 67 shown in FIG. 11. However, unlike the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, they are then not operated in parallel, but independently of one another. Alternatively, the individual antennas can be arranged parallel to one another and at least partially overlapping.
  • FIG. 12 shows an exemplary embodiment for this, in which two individual antennas designed for different frequencies are arranged so that they overlap each other in a completely overlapping manner.
  • the dipole 15a of the higher frequency single antenna within the dipole 15b is the lower one
  • Each dipole 15a, 15b is in
  • Transmission direction X each have a set of associated directors 17a, 17b upstream. The two
  • Dipoles 15a, 15b and the associated directors 17a, 17b are arranged along a common antenna longitudinal axis running in the matching transmission directions X of the two individual antennas. In this way, two nested individual antennas, but together do not need more space than the designed for the lower frequency single antenna.
  • the individual antennas can of course also be arranged offset parallel to one another in such a way that their directors only follow one another in a partially overlapping manner in the transmission direction X.
  • the use of the antennas according to the invention is not limited to the
  • Antennas according to the invention are also suitable, in particular, for the metrological detection of transmitting, receiving
  • microwaved units 71 such as
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic representation of a device for metrological detection of transmission, reception, transmission and / or transmission
  • the apparatus comprises a receptacle 73 for receiving the unit to be examined 71, and at least one antenna 75 according to the invention.
  • the receptacle 73 and the antennas 75 are arranged relative to each other such that the transmission directions X of the antennas 75 have to be examined in the receiving device 73 to be examined unit 71 in the direction of the unit 71.
  • This is realized in the present case in that the receiving device 73 is arranged between two antennas 75 which are each aligned with the receiving device 73.
  • at least one antenna according to the invention above the unit 71 can be arranged.
  • the antennas 75 are optionally each to a transmitting unit 77 and / or to a
  • Receiving unit 79 connected, and the receiving units 79 are connected to a
  • Evaluation unit 81 connected.
  • at least the transmitting units 77 and the receiving units 79 are arranged directly on the carrier 1 1 of the respective antenna 75.
  • the measurement-related detection of transmission or signal-generating properties of the unit 71 to be examined is carried out by the unit 71 is put into operation, and thereby received by her emitted microwaves with at least one of the connected thereto to the associated receiving unit 79 antennas 75, and by means of the evaluation unit 81st be evaluated. In this way, for example
  • High frequency oscillators frequency converters, or amplifiers.
  • the metrological detection of reception properties of the unit 71 to be examined is carried out by at least one of the antennas 73 connected thereto to the associated transmission unit 77 via the transmission unit 77 to be transmitted
  • Microwave signals is fed to the microwave signals in the direction of
  • microwave signals are detected on the unit 71 by measurement.
  • Subassemblies of the unit 71 are activated and measured individually.
  • the metrological detection of transmission properties of the unit to be examined 71 takes place on the basis of two mutually oppositely arranged antennas 75 of which one sends microwave signals in the direction of the unit 71, and the other receives the passing through the unit 71 portions of these microwave signals.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une antenne polyvalente pouvant être fabriquée à faible coût, destinée à un appareil de mesure du niveau de remplissage fonctionnant à l'aide de micro-ondes selon le principe de la durée du parcours, ou bien destinée à un dispositif permettant de vérifier les propriétés d'émission, de réception, de transmission et/ou de génération de signaux que possèdent des unités (71) conçues pour des micro-ondes. Ladite antenne comporte au moins une antenne individuelle, disposée sur un support (11) diélectrique planaire, laquelle comporte un dipôle (15, 19, 21) disposé sur le support (11) et laquelle comporte au moins 10, notamment 20 à 40, organes directeurs (17) de forme linéaire qui sont placés en amont de l'antenne (5, 57) selon un sens d'émission (X) lequel est perpendiculaire à la normale à la surface alors que le tracé d'une telle émission est situé sur le support (11). Lesdits organes sont disposés sur le support (11) parallèlement les uns aux autres, à certaines distances les uns derrière les autres, de manière à être orientés perpendiculairement au sens d'émission (X). Ladite antenne comporte en outre des réflecteurs (31, 33) disposés sur un côté du dipôle (15, 19 21) qui est situé à l'opposé du sens d'émission (X).
PCT/EP2013/074691 2012-12-13 2013-11-26 Appareil de mesure du niveau de remplissage Ceased WO2014090565A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012112218.0A DE102012112218A1 (de) 2012-12-13 2012-12-13 Füllstandsmessgerät
DE102012112218.0 2012-12-13

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WO2014090565A1 true WO2014090565A1 (fr) 2014-06-19

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WO (1) WO2014090565A1 (fr)

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EP3490060A1 (fr) * 2017-11-27 2019-05-29 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Dispositif de radar
EP3490061A1 (fr) * 2017-11-27 2019-05-29 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Dispositif d'antenne
WO2020030952A1 (fr) * 2018-08-08 2020-02-13 Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd Antenne
CN113412412A (zh) * 2019-02-19 2021-09-17 Vega格里沙贝两合公司 具有集成天线的雷达发射器组件

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EP3490060A1 (fr) * 2017-11-27 2019-05-29 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Dispositif de radar
EP3490061A1 (fr) * 2017-11-27 2019-05-29 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Dispositif d'antenne
CN109839631A (zh) * 2017-11-27 2019-06-04 松下知识产权经营株式会社 雷达装置
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WO2020030952A1 (fr) * 2018-08-08 2020-02-13 Nokia Shanghai Bell Co., Ltd Antenne
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CN113412412A (zh) * 2019-02-19 2021-09-17 Vega格里沙贝两合公司 具有集成天线的雷达发射器组件
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