WO2014088596A1

WO2014088596A1 - Head support system

Info

Publication number: WO2014088596A1
Application number: PCT/US2012/068579
Authority: WO
Inventors: Phillip C. HALBERT; Kenneth W. BARRENTINE; Paul S. FASOLO; Peter W. GLEASON; Chris Wilson
Original assignee: Oraya Therapeutics Inc
Current assignee: Oraya Therapeutics Inc
Priority date: 2012-12-07
Filing date: 2012-12-07
Publication date: 2014-06-12
Anticipated expiration: 2015-06-07
Also published as: RU2013106510A

Abstract

Head support systems may provide support for a patient receiving ophthalmic or other treatment while in a seated, standing, or upright position. Exemplary systems provide single handed operation for both head capture and beam shielding functions. Exemplary systems provide an integrated radiation shield with a head capture mechanism. Exemplary systems provide a non-invasive head capture mechanism and expedient single handed patient release. Exemplary systems provide a built-in force limiting feature within head capture.

Description

HEAD SUPPORT SYSTEM

Background

[0001] A number of treatment and surgery procedures, typically involving irradiating one or more selected targets in the eye, require a patient's head to be stabilized or positioned prior to and/or during treatment. For example, refractive laser surgery involves ablating corneal tissue of the eye with an ultra-fast, ultra-short pulse duration laser beam, to correct refractive errors in a patient's eye. To achieve ablation, refractive laser surgery requires a laser beam to be precisely focused to a very small focal spot within the cornea. As such, the patient's head must be stabilized, and either the laser system must be properly and precisely aligned with the patient's head, or the patient's head must be properly and precisely aligned with the laser system.

[0002] In order to achieve proper alignment of the eye of the patient relative to the laser system, the system alignment settings, and operating parameters must be well defined, steadfastly maintained, and frequently verified. Accurate and precise refractive surgery requires the corneal tissue be photo-ablated when the head is substantially stabilized or stationary. Patient comfort and safety are also a consideration when holding the head stationary and conducting surgery. Likewise, ocular radiotherapy treatment requires the head to be stabilized during treatment.

[0003] In order to achieve the goal of maximizing results while minimizing risks to the patient during such eye treatment, it is important to eliminate, or at least significantly reduce, as many system errors as possible. This includes the improper alignment of the patient's head relative to the treatment system. Alignment errors may result from either a misconfiguration of the system, or from the patient's interaction with the system. Insofar as patient/system interaction is concerned, any voluntary or involuntary movement of the patient's head during treatment can significantly alter the alignment of the eye relative to the treatment system. It is necessary, therefore, to hold the head of the patient stationary during these procedures.

Summary

[0004] The subject technology is illustrated, for example, according to various aspects described below. Various examples of aspects of the subject technology are described as numbered clauses (1, 2, 3, etc.) for convenience. These are provided as examples and do not limit the subject technology. It is noted that any of the dependent clauses may be combined in any combination, and placed into a respective independent clause, e.g., clause 1 or clause 55. The other clauses can be presented in a similar manner.

[0005] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, disclosed is a head support system, comprising: a chin rest configured to receive a chin of a patient; a forehead rest configured to receive a forehead of the patient; a head capture unit comprising (i) a head receiver configured to receive an occipital portion of a head of the patient and (ii) a beam shield, configured to attenuate a radiation beam, extending behind the head of the patient and connected to the head receiver, wherein the head receiver and the beam shield are configured to pivot together about an axis.

[0006] According to some embodiments, when the head receiver is positioned to receive the occipital portion of the head, the beam shield is positioned along a pathway of the radiation beam. According to some embodiments, the pathway of the radiation beam extends through an eye of the patient. According to some embodiments, the head capture unit is configured to pivot from an open position, substantially within a coronal plane, to a closed position, substantially within a transverse plane. According to some embodiments, the head receiver and the beam shield are configured to move axially along a plane containing the axis. According to some embodiments, the head capture unit provides a force to the head in the direction of the forehead rest when the head receiver is moved against the head, such that the head capture unit limits movement of the head between the head capture unit and the forehead rest. According to some embodiments, the head receiver and the beam shield are configured to move axially in a direction transverse to the axis. According to some embodiments, the beam shield is configured to attenuate a dosage delivered by the radiation beam by at least one order of magnitude. According to some embodiments, the beam shield is configured to attenuate a dosage delivered by the radiation beam by at least four orders of magnitude. According to some embodiments, the axis extends from a left side of the patient to a right side of the patient. According to some embodiments, the head support system is configured to receive a patient in an upright position. According to some embodiments, the head support system further comprises a sensor configured to detect an orientation of the head capture unit relative to the axis. According to some embodiments, the sensor is configured to send a signal to a treatment delivery system that prevents emission of the radiation beam when the orientation of the head capture is not positioned along a pathway of the radiation beam. According to some embodiments, the head receiver comprises a padded surface to receive the occipital portion of the head of the patient.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, disclosed is a head support system, comprising: a chin rest configured to receive a chin of a patient; a forehead rest configured to receive a forehead of the patient; a head capture unit comprising (i) a head receiver configured to receive a back portion of a head of the patient, (ii) a beam shield, configured to attenuate a radiation beam, extending behind the head of the patient and connected to the head receiver, and (iii) a plurality of flexible members connecting the head receiver and the beam shield to the forehead rest.

[0008] According to some embodiments, the back portion of the head is an occipital portion of the head. According to some embodiments, the flexible members comprise elastic bands. According to some embodiments, the elastic bands provide a force to the head in the direction of the forehead rest when the head receiver receives the head, such that the head capture unit limits movement of the head between the head capture unit and the forehead rest. According to some embodiments, the head receiver and the beam shield are configured to pivot together about an axis. According to some embodiments, the axis extends from a left side of the patient to a right side of the patient. According to some embodiments, the head support system is configured to receive a patient in an upright position. According to some embodiments, the head receiver comprises a padded surface to receive the back portion of the head of the patient.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, disclosed is a head support system, comprising: a chin rest configured to receive a chin of a patient; a forehead rest configured to receive a forehead of the patient; a head capture unit comprising (i) a head receiver configured to receive an occipital portion of a head of the patient, (ii) a beam shield, configured to attenuate a radiation beam, extending behind the head of the patient and connected to the head receiver, and (iii) a first band and a second band, the first and second bands connecting the head receiver and the beam shield to the forehead rest, wherein the first and second bands are configured to be drawn toward each other when a force is applied by the head capture unit to secure the head of the patient and wherein the first and second bands are configured to restrict movement of the head when no force is applied by the head capture unit.

[0010] According to some embodiments, the head capture unit further comprises a pawl biased to engage a first rack of the first band and a second rack of the second band. According to some embodiments, the pawl is configured to be disengaged from the first rack and the second rack upon activation of at least one release button. According to some embodiments, the head support system is configured to receive a patient in an upright position. According to some embodiments, the head receiver comprises a padded surface to receive the occipital portion of the head of the patient.

[0011] Additional features and advantages of the subject technology will be set forth in the description below, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the subject technology. The advantages of the subject technology will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

[0012] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the subject technology as claimed.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0013] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide further understanding of the subject technology and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate aspects of the subject technology and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the subject technology.

[0014] FIG. 1A illustrates a view of an exemplary head support system in a closed state, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. IB illustrates a view of an exemplary head support system in an open state, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [0016] FIG. 2 illustrates a view of an exemplary head support system in an open state, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 3A illustrates a view of an exemplary head support system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 3B illustrates an exploded view of an exemplary head support system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 4A illustrates a view of an exemplary head capture device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 4B illustrates an exploded view of an exemplary head capture device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 5 illustrates views of an exemplary head capture device in various configurations, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 6A illustrates a view of an exemplary head capture device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 6B illustrates a view of an exemplary drive assembly, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 6C illustrates a view of exemplary patterns for detent receivers, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 7A illustrates a view of an exemplary head capture device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 7B illustrates a view of components of an exemplary head capture device, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIGS. 8 A, 8B, 8C, and 8D illustrate views of an exemplary head support system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C illustrate views of exemplary head support systems, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate views of an exemplary head support system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [0030] FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate views of an exemplary head support system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate views of an exemplary head support system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

[0032] According to some embodiments, a head support system of the present disclosure comfortably supports and captures a patient's head in the field of view of ophthalmic radiotherapy devices, thereby reducing movement throughout treatment procedures. Ophthalmic radiotherapy systems require precise targeting to navigate the beam to the target eye structures while avoiding radiation sensitive structures. Because radiation beam sources are normally stationary during treatment, patient movement could introduce significant error in the location and distribution of the delivered radiation dose, posing a safety and efficacy risk.

[0033] According to some embodiments, a head support system of the present disclosure provides user-friendly mechanical interfaces for commanding the patient's eye and incorporates radiation shielding posterior to the patient's head to protect clinical staff from exposure to a treatment beam.

[0034] According to some embodiments, a head support system of the present disclosure relates to the field of stereotactic radiotherapy or diagnostic imaging applications. In an exemplary embodiment, a patient is supported and treated while in a seated, standing, or upright position. Such patients require immobilization of the head during the procedure.

[0035] According to some embodiments, an exemplary configuration includes a stereotactic ophthalmic radiotherapy device that requires the eye to be stabilized while a collimated x-ray beam is targeted to the patient's retina over the duration of several minutes. Many stereotactic radiotherapy (teletherapy) devices require for the patient to be supine on a patient table prior to restraining the affected body part. This orientation is traditionally applied when large gantries are required for a single device to image or treat a large number of different anatomical targets, when treatment planning depends on imagers requiring the patient to be positioned supine, or when patient comfort can only be adequately achieved by being supine during the procedure. Imaging systems such as C arm or Computerized Tomography scanners are traditionally used to generate treatment plans for radiotherapy applications. In such systems, images are acquired while patients lie on a patient table and are transported into the path of a diagnostic x-ray beam. The position registration between a diagnostic image and the planned treatment position is important in order to only treat the region of interest and minimize harm to healthy tissue. In addition, the manner in which organs settle in the body are dependent upon the orientation of the patient's anatomy. Therefore, the "standard of care" teletherapy systems (unlike brachytherapy) typically use head restraint devices that are designed for restraining the patient's head to a patient table.

[0036] According to some embodiments, a head support system of the present disclosure allows a patient to be seated in an upright position. The head support system comfortably and safely secures the patient's head by capturing the head (e.g., occipitally) into an ophthalmic head support.

[0037] The therapeutic dose required for radiotherapy of many internal organs is in the megavoltage range. Even if a patient were to receive such treatment in upright or seated position, a tremendous amount of radiation shielding would be necessary as a "beam blocker" for such high-powered systems. According to some embodiments, a head support system of the present disclosure may be used with a system that treats target anatomy within/below the orthovoltage range (approximately lOOkV), inter alia. Accordingly, only a modest amount of radiation shielding is necessary to attenuate the direct radiation beam safely, enabling the shielding to be integrated into a head restraint apparatus.

[0038] According to some embodiments, a head support system of the present disclosure may be used in conjunction with an eye immobilization accessory and a radiation delivery system. For example, the head stabilization system and method of the present disclosure may be used in conjunction with the disclosure of ocular radiotherapy systems and methods for treatment of an eye condition, such as age-related macular degeneration. The head restraint is a key functional element that enables ophthalmic radiotherapy to be performed from a desktop size treatment modality. The head stabilization system and method of the present disclosure may be used in conjunction with a radiotherapy system that is able to detect, quantify, and/or compensate for patient eye movement. Examples of such systems may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 7,792,249 issued on September 7, 2010; U.S. Pub. No. 2009/0182312, published on July 16, 2009; U.S. Pub. No. 2009/0163898, published on June 25, 2009; U.S. Pat. No. 8,073,105, issued on December 6, 2011 ; U.S. Pat. No. 8,184,772 issued on May 22, 2012; U.S. Pat. No. 8,238,517 issued on August 7, 2012; U.S. Pat. No. 8,059,784 issued on November 15, 2011; U.S. Pub. No. 2009/0182310, published on Feb 6, 2008; and U.S. Pub. No. 2009/0182311, published on Feb 6, 2008, each of the above publications and patents being incorporated herein by reference, as if fully set forth herein.

[0039] Commercially available systems for use with embodiments of the present disclosure include I-Guide™ Eye Stabilization Device by Oraya Therapeutics, Inc. (Newark, CA). In an exemplary configuration, a head support system of the present disclosure is used for performing an ocular irradiation procedure on a patient's eye. The system includes a head support for supporting the patient's head, an eye-contact device attachable to the front portion of the patient's eye, to stabilize the position of the eye; and a position detector for determining the position of the contact device in the external coordinate system. A source of a collimated electromagnetic (e.g., x-ray) radiation beam in the system is controlled by a beam-positioning assembly for positioning the beam source such that the beam, when activated, is aimed along a selected path at a selected coordinate in the external coordinate system corresponding to a selected target region in the patient's eye. Those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate yet other applications and uses for a head support system according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0040] According to some embodiments, a head support system of the present disclosure provides a patient with comfortable and intuitive head immobilization for patients in the seated position.

[0041] According to some embodiments, a head support system of the present disclosure provides single handed operation for both head capture and shielding functions. By this action, the radiation shield may be positioned in the beam path, setting the optimal occipital position for head capture and head capture compression adjustment. [0042] According to some embodiments, a head support system of the present disclosure allows head capture to be performed occipitally.

[0043] According to some embodiments, a head support system of the present disclosure provides an integrated radiation shield with head capture mechanism.

[0044] According to some embodiments, a head support system of the present disclosure provides a non-invasive head capture mechanism.

[0045] According to some embodiments, a head support system of the present disclosure provides expedient single handed patient extrication.

[0046] According to some embodiments, a head support system of the present disclosure provides a built-in force limiting feature within head capture.

[0047] According to some embodiments, an X-Y-Z coordinate system is used with reference to patients and systems disclosed herein. The X-axis extends from left to right, the Y- axis extends from up to down, and the Z-axis extends from front to back. A transverse (e.g., axial or horizontal) plane is an X-Z plane, parallel to the ground, which (in humans) separates the superior from the inferior, or put another way, the head from the feet. A coronal (e.g., frontal) plane is a Y-X plane, perpendicular to the ground, which (in humans) separates the anterior from the posterior, the front from the back, the ventral from the dorsal. A sagittal (e.g., lateral) plane is a Y-Z plane, perpendicular to the ground, which separates left from right. Where a component of systems disclosed herein is not precisely aligned with one of the X-axis, Y-axis, or Z-axis, such a component may be more closely aligned with one of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis than with the other two of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. A component is most closely aligned with a given one of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis when an angle formed between the component and one of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis is less than an angle formed between the component and the other two of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis. For example, where a component forms an angle of about +1° with respect to the X-axis, an angle of about +89° with respect to the Y-axis, and an angle of about +89° with respect to the Z-axis, the component is said to most closely aligned with the X-axis.

[0048] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1A-1B, a head support system 100 provides support for a head of a patient during an ophthalmic procedure. A head support system 100 may provide multiple regions of contact and support for a patient's head. For example, a head restraint system 100 may include a chin rest 110, a forehead rest 120, and a head capture 130. Each of the chin rest 110, the forehead rest 120, and the head capture 130 may include a surface for receiving a portion of the patient's head. The surface may include padding to provide comfort and support. For example, the surface may include foam, rubber, synthetic fibers, etc. By further example, the surface may include a vinyl coated foam (e.g., ethylene vinyl acetate) attached to or overmolded onto the region receiving a portion of the patient's head.

[0049] According to some embodiments, a chin rest 110 may be adjustable to accommodate individual patients. For example, the chin rest 110 may be movable along at least one post 190, for example, by rotation of a component of the chin rest 110 relative to threading provided along a post 190. A locking mechanism 112 may be provided to secure the chin rest 110 relative to the post 190. The locking mechanism 112 may apply a force (e.g., friction) to or latch onto a portion of the post 190. The post 190 may be most closely aligned with the Y-axis. Travel of the chin rest 110 along the post 190 alters the distance between the chin rest 110 and the forehead rest 120. This adjustment allows the chin rest 110 and the forehead rest 120 to align properly with the chin and forehead, respectively, of the patient.

[0050] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1A-1B, a head capture 130 is provided to support the head of the patient. As shown in FIG. 1A, a head receiver 132 is provided on a surface of the head capture 130 to align with and receives a rear (e.g., occipital) portion of the head of the patient. A head capture adjustment 150 may be provided to fasten the head receiver 132 upon the head of the patient. Action of the head capture adjustment 150 causes the head receiver 132 to move along the Z-axis. According to some embodiments, adjustment of the head capture 130 by the head capture adjustment 150 applies a force to the head of the patient to bring the head of the patient into contact with one or both of the chin rest 110 and the forehead rest 120. According to some embodiments, adjustment of the head capture 130 by the head capture adjustment 150 limits motion of the head of the patient away from one or both of the chin rest 110 and the forehead rest 120.

[0051] According to some embodiments, a beam shield 140 may be provided to block, absorb, or attenuate radiation beams delivered to the patient. The beam shield 140 may provide protection for individuals other than the patient (e.g., staff administering the dosage), to prevent or limit exposure to radiation dosage from the beam. According to some embodiments, the beam shield 140 attenuates a direct beam by at least four orders of magnitude. According to some embodiments, the beam shield 140 attenuates a direct beam by at least one order of magnitude, two orders of magnitude, three orders of magnitude, four orders of magnitude, five orders of magnitude, or six orders of magnitude. The beam shield 140 may be of one unit or of a plurality of sub-units. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1A-1B, first and second beam shields 140a and 140b may be provided. As shown in FIG. 1A, the first and second beam shields 140a and 140b may be controllably joined at connection 144 when in the closed state. At connection 144, a securing mechanism, such as latches, pins, magnets, and the like may allow the first and second beam shields 140a and 140b to be joined together.

[0052] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIG. IB, a head support system 100 may provide ready access for receiving the head of a patient. FIG. 1 A illustrates a view of an exemplary head support system in a closed state, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. IB illustrates a view of an exemplary head support system in an open state, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIGS. 1A-1B, the head capture 130 may pivot about an axis 160. The axis 160 may be most closely aligned with the X- axis. Thus, the head capture 130 may alternate from an open position, substantially within or close to the coronal plane (FIG. IB), to a closed position, substantially within or close to the transverse plane (FIG. 1A). In the closed position, the head capture 130 may be adjusted as disclosed herein.

[0053] As shown in FIGS. 1 A- IB, the first and second beam shields 140a and 140b may pivot about first and second hinges 142a and 142b, respectively. The first and second hinges 142a and 142b may be most closely aligned with the Y-axis. Thus, the first and second beam shields 140a and 140b may alternate from an open position (FIG. IB), to a closed position (FIG. 1A). As the first and second beam shields 140a and 140b transition from the closed position to the open position, at least portions of the first and second beam shields 140a and 140b may move away from each other. In the open position, the first and second beam shields 140a and 140b provide access by allowing the patient access to the chin rest 110 and the forehead rest 120. In the closed position, the first and second beam shields 140a and 140b may be joined at connection 144. In the closed position, the first and second beam shields 140a and 140b provide anterior shielding to block, attenuate, or limit radiation dosages extending past the patient.

[0054] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, a head support system 200 may include a beam shield 140 that is configured to pivot about an axis. FIG. 2 illustrates a view of an exemplary head support system 200 in an open state, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The beam shield 140 may be a single unit. The beam shield 140 may be configured to pivot about an axis. The axis for the pivot of the beam shield 140 may be axis 160 or another axis. The axis for the pivot of the beam shield 140 may be most closely aligned with the X-axis. Thus, the beam shield 140 may alternate from an open position, substantially within or most closely aligned with the coronal plane (FIG. 2), to a closed position, substantially within or most closely aligned with the transverse plane (see FIG. 1A). According to some embodiments, the beam shield 140 may transition between an open position and a closed position independent of the head capture 130. According to some embodiments, the beam shield 140 may transition between an open position and a closed position along with the head capture 130.

[0055] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, a head support system 300 provides support for a head of a patient during an ophthalmic procedure. FIG. 3A illustrates a view of an exemplary head support system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 3B illustrates an exploded view of an exemplary head support system, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0056] A head support system 300 may provide multiple regions of contact and support for a patient's head. For example, a head support system 300 may include a chin rest 210, a forehead rest 220, and a head capture 230. According to some embodiments, a chin rest 210 may be adjustable to accommodate individual patients. For example, the chin rest 210 may be movable along at least one post 290, for example, by rotation of a component of the chin rest 210 relative to threading provided along a post 290. A locking mechanism 212 may be provided to secure the chin rest 110 relative to the post 190. The locking mechanism 212 may apply a force (e.g., friction) to or latch onto a portion of the post 190. The post 290 may be most closely aligned with the Y-axis. Travel of the chin rest 210 along the post 290 alters the distance between the chin rest 210 and the forehead rest 220. This adjustment allows the chin rest 210 and the forehead rest 220 to align properly with the chin and forehead, respectively, of the patient.

[0057] According to some embodiments, a chin rest 210 may be adjustable in the Z- axis. For example, the chin rest 210 may incorporate a fore-aft adjustment that supports neck flexion. Accordingly, the chin rest 210 allows clearance of an x-ray beam through the sclera of the patient's eye. The disclosed adjustability of the chin rest 210 increases or reduces the radiation beam clearance through the sclera. The elevated front ridge of the chin rest prevents or limits "creep" of the chin of the patient during the treatment procedure.

[0058] According to some embodiments, a treatment delivery system (not shown) may achieve a position in which it is fixed relative to the head support system 300. Accordingly, alignment of the head of the patient within the head support system 300 further aligns the head of the patient relative to the treatment delivery system.

[0059] According to some embodiments, a surface 235 may be provided for engagement with a treatment delivery system or other components for use during treatment. For example, a surface 235 may be magnetic to engage a tool. By further example, a surface 235 may receive an eyelid retractor to hold open at least a portion of a patient eyelid during delivery of a treatment. Such a tool may be positioned and oriented relative to the surface 235 to adjust the magnitude and direction of a lid retractor retention force. A surface 235 may be most closely aligned with a coronal plane.

[0060] According to some embodiments, the head support system 300 comprises at least one vertical alignment guide 270. The at least one vertical alignment guide 270 may be disposed along a post 290. A vertical alignment guide 270 may provide a reference for manual alignment of a portion of an eye along an axis (e.g., the Y-axis, the axis of a post 290, etc.). Adjustment of the chin rest 210 may bring the eye, or a portion thereof, into alignment with the vertical alignment guide 270. The vertical alignment guide 270 corresponds to a target location or range of locations, with respect to at least one axis, for delivering a therapeutic treatment. According to some embodiments, a plurality of vertical alignment guides 270 may be provided. For example, each of the plurality of vertical alignment guides 270 may correspond to a different target location. By further example, one of the plurality of vertical alignment guides 270 may correspond to a target location, and others of the plurality of vertical alignment guides 270 may assist during alignment with the target location.

[0061] According to some embodiments, the head support system 300 comprises at least one interface guide. According to some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, first and second interface guides 272a and 272b may provide an interface for fixation and linear position of a treatment delivery device (not shown). One example of such a treatment delivery device is the I-Guide™ immobilization device by Oraya Therapeutics, Inc. (Newark, CA). The I-Guide™ immobilization device attaches directly to the eye of a patient for alignment and verification of alignment during a procedure. Corresponding portions of the therapy delivery device may be aligned with the first and second interface guides 272a and 272b and be secured thereto. In such a configuration, the therapy delivery system will be fixed with respect to the head support system 300. The first and second interface guides 272a and 272b may be adjustable in at least one of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis.

[0062] According to some embodiments, interface guides may provide a reference for manual alignment of a portion of an eye along an axis (e.g., the X-axis, etc.). The first and second interface guides 272a and 272b correspond to a target location, with respect to at least one axis, for delivering a therapeutic treatment.

[0063] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3A, the head support system 300 comprises at least one holder 292 for a syringe or other device for use during a procedure. The holder 292 may be configured to hold a device that is part of a kit for use during a procedure including use of the head support system 300.

[0064] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3A-3B and 5, a head capture 230 is provided to support the head of the patient. As shown in FIG. 3A, a head receiver 232 is provided on a surface of the head capture 230 to align with and receives a rear (e.g., occipital) portion of the head of the patient. According to some embodiments, a head capture adjustment 250 may be provided to fasten the head receiver 232 upon the head of the patient. As shown in FIG 5, action of the head capture adjustment 250 causes the head receiver 232 to move closer to or further from axis 260. According to some embodiments, adjustment of the head capture 230 by the head capture adjustment 250 applies a force to the head of the patient to bring the head of the patient into contact with one or both of the chin rest 210 and the forehead rest 220. A reaction force from the chin rest 210 and the forehead rest 220 may result. According to some embodiments, adjustment of the head capture 230 by the head capture adjustment 250 limits motion of the head of the patient away from one or both of the chin rest 210 and the forehead rest 220. The mobility of the patient's head may be limited to no more than about 10 mm in any of the X, Y, or Z axes. The mobility of the patient's head may be limited to no more than 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, 14 mm, 15 mm, 16 mm, 17 mm, 18 mm, 19 mm, or 20 mm in any of the X, Y, or Z axes.

[0065] According to some embodiments, a beam shield 240 may be provided to block, absorb, or attenuate radiation dosages delivered to the patient. The beam shield 240 may be integrated with the head capture 230. The beam shield 240 may provide protection for individuals other than the patient (e.g., staff administering the dosage), to prevent or limit exposure to the radiation dosage. According to some embodiments, the beam shield 240 attenuates a direct beam by at least four orders of magnitude. According to some embodiments, the beam shield 240 attenuates a direct beam by at least one order of magnitude, two orders of magnitude, three orders of magnitude, four orders of magnitude, five orders of magnitude, or six orders of magnitude.

[0066] According to some embodiments, the beam shield 240 and the head capture 230 may be fixedly attached, such the beam shield 240 and the head capture 230 move, rotate, and are adjusted in tandem. For example, as shown in FIG. 3A, the head capture 230 may pivot about an axis 260. The axis 260 may be most closely aligned with the X-axis. Thus, the head capture 230 may alternate from an open position, substantially within or close to the coronal plane, to a closed position, substantially within or close to the transverse plane. According to some embodiments, the head capture 230 may connect to one or more pivot arms 231, which pivot about the axis 260. Each of the pivot arms 231 may be guided along a pathway 233 through a pivot range of motion. For example, the pathways 233 may form an arc having a common axis 260. According to some embodiments, the pathways 233 may comprise a detent that at least partially impedes motion of the pivot arms 231 along a portion of the pathways 233. For example, a greater degree of friction may be applied to the pivot arms 231 as they travel through a portion of the pathways 233 that correspond to a usable range of the head capture 230 (e.g., a range in which the beam shield 240 will properly attenuate radiation emissions). By further example, such a detent may provide a tactile cue for a user to identify a usable range of the head capture 230. According to some embodiments, a detent along at least a portion of the pathways 233 may offset a cantilever load provided by the weight of the head capture 230 and its components.

[0067] According to some embodiments, a disposition of the head capture 230 about the axis 260 (e.g., via pivot arms 231) may indicate to a sensor a rotational orientation of the head capture 230. For example, a sensor may be provided to detect the location of one or more pivot arms 231 along one or more pathways 233. Such sensors may include a trigger, proximity sensor, motion detector, etc. By further example, a pivot arm 231 may activate a sensor when located beyond a certain point along a pathway 233. A sensor for detecting a position or orientation of the head capture 230 may indicate to a treatment delivery system whether or not the beam shield 240 is positioned and oriented to absorb, block, or attenuate a radiation dosage. Accordingly, such sensors may be used as a safety measure for clearance or override of a treatment delivery system by a corresponding signal to the treatment delivery system. For example, the signal may prevent operation of the treatment delivery system when the orientation of the head capture unit is not aligned such that the beam shield 240 is within a pathway of a radiation dosage.

[0068] According to some embodiments, the head support system 300 comprises a beam detector 222. The beam detector 222 may be positioned on a surface facing a treatment delivery system (not shown). The beam detector 222 may be configured to detect a treatment dosage (e.g., radiation).

[0069] According to some embodiments, a head capture 230 is adjustable in at least one axis by a drive mechanism. FIG. 4A illustrates a view of an exemplary head capture 230, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG. 4B illustrates an exploded view of an exemplary head capture 230, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The head receiver 232 and the beam shield 240 are configured to move along an axis (e.g., the Z- axis) relative to other components of the head support system 300, including a pivot arm 305. As shown in FIG. 5, Rotation of a head capture adjustment 250 rotates a lead screw 301, which causes a slider 302 to move axially relative to the pivot arm 305. The slider 302 connects to the head receiver 232 and the beam shield 240, directly or through intervening structure (e.g., guide 304 and/or case 307). Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 5, axial movement of the lead screw 301 causes corresponding axial movement of the head receiver 232 and the beam shield 240 relative to the pivot arm 305. According to some embodiments, a covering shield 308 is provided over a portion of the beam shield 240 that includes an opening to receive components of the drive mechanism.

[0070] According to some embodiments, a head capture 600 may provide adjustable capability via a knob assembly. For example, rotation of an engagement portion 610 may tighten one or more bands (e.g., bands 132) to contact and secure a head of a patient with a head receiver 690. For example, the engagement portion 610 may rotate in one direction about axle 601 to tighten bands of a head capture device. By further example the engagement portion 610 may rotate in another direction about axle 601 to loosen bands of a head capture device. The head capture 600 may include a rack and pinion system to convert rotational action by a user into motion of components of the head capture 600 (e.g., bands 132) into a tighter or looser arrangement.

[0071] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6A, a detent spring 620 may be provided adjacent to a detent receiver 630. The detent spring 620 may include at least one protrusion that is configured to engage within teeth or cavities of the detent receiver 630. As shown in FIG. 6C, the detent receiver 630 may include a series of peaks and troughs defined in cross-section by surfaces that form right angles. As shown, the surfaces may form a square wave pattern 632. By further example, the detent receiver 630 may include a series of peaks and troughs defined in cross-section by surfaces that form oblique angles. As shown, the surfaces may form a sawtooth pattern 632. Other patterns are contemplated, including sinusoidal and triangle. Surfaces on either side of the peak may form the same or different angles with respect to a trough. For example, surfaces on one side of each peak may form an oblique angle with respect to the troughs, and surfaces on another side of each peak may form a right angle with respect to the troughs. This may allow more smooth rotation in one direction than another. For example, detent receiver 630 and bearing 640 may rotate move smoothly during tightening of the head receiver 690, whereas detent receiver 630 and bearing 640 may catch during rotation to release of the head receiver 690.

[0072] As shown in FIG. 6A and 6B, the knob assembly may include a direct drive 652 and a clutched drive 650. The direct drive 652 may be directly fastened to an axle 601. A torque applied to the direct drive 652 may be transferred directly to the axle 601. The clutched drive 650 may be attached to the axle via a clutch 654. The clutch 654 may be directly fastened to the axle 601. The clutch 654 may provide transmission of power (e.g., torque) from the clutched drive 652 the axle 601 when engaged. The clutch 654 may become disengaged and thereby refrain from transferring power from the clutched drive 652 to the axle 601. The clutch 654 may be a slip clutch. The clutch 654 may engage when torque below or equal to a threshold is applied. The clutch 654 may disengage when torque above a threshold is applied. The threshold may correspond to a maximum force not to be exceeded when applied to a patient. For example, a threshold may be programmed to allow the clutch to disengage to avoid application of excessive or uncomfortable forces to the patient.

[0073] According to some embodiments, a head capture 600 according to the present disclosure is combinable with any one or more beam shields and other components of head support systems disclosed herein. For example, the head capture 600 may include an integrated beam shield component. By further example, a beam shield may be provided behind the head capture 600 as a separate component.

[0074] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7A and 7B, a head capture device 700 may include a first band 740a and a second band 740b. The first band 740a and the second band 740b may have an overlapping portion within which the bands may move relative to each other. The extent of overlap determines the tightness of the head capture device 700 on the head of a patient. A head receiver 732 is provided to engage the head of a patient occipitally. According to some embodiments, a first lever 750a is connected to the first band 740a, and a second lever 750b is connected to the second band 740b. The first and second bands 740a and 740b are configured to slide relative to each other and increase their extent of overlap when the first lever 750a and the second lever 750b are moved more closely with respect to each other. For example, a user, with one hand, may pinch the first and second levers 750a and 750b.

[0075] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7B, a ratchet mechanism may be provided to maintain the first and second bands 740a and 740b relative to each other. A pawl 770 is provided between overlapping portions of the first and second bands 740a and 740b. The pawl 770 is located and configured to engage a rack of each of the first and second bands 740a and 740b. The rack of each of the first and second bands 740a and 740b may have a sawtooth pattern that allows travel in one direction relative to the pawl 770 while the pawl 770 is engaged on the rack, but prevents or limits travel in an opposite direction relative to the pawl 770 while the pawl 770 is engaged on the rack. For example, the first and second bands 740a and 740b may travel toward each other to tighten the head capture device 700 onto a head of a patient wall of the pawl 770 is engaged on the racks. By further example, the first and second bands 740a and 740b may be prevented or limited from traveling away from each other to release a head of a patient while the pawl 770 is engaged on the racks. The pawl 770 may be biased toward an engaged position by a first spring 762a and a second spring 762b, which connect to the pawl 770 by a first connector 764a and a second connector 764b. The first and second springs 762a and 762b maintain first release button 760a and second release button 760b, respectively, in a locked position. The first and second release buttons 760a and 760b may be pressed by a user to disengage the pawl 770 from the racks of the first and second bands 740a and 740b. The first and second release buttons 760a and 760b may also be pressed with a single hand.

[0076] According to some embodiments, a head capture 700 according to the present disclosure is combinable with any one or more beam shields and other components of head support systems disclosed herein. For example, the head capture 700 may include an integrated beam shield component. By further example, a beam shield may be provided behind the head capture 700 as a separate component.

[0077] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 8A-8D, a head support system 800 comprises a self adjusting component to accommodate a variety of patients. As shown in FIGS. 8A-8D, the head support system 800 may include a chin rest 810, a forehead rest 820, and the head capture 830. The head capture 830 may include a handle 850 for manipulation by a user. The head capture 830 may be connected to other components of the head support system 800 by bands 840. The bands 840 may extend from an axis 860 to connect to the head capture 830. The bands 840 may have an elastic component that allows the length of the bands 830 to be increased by a user. Likewise, the elastic component may allow the bands 840 to secure the head capture 830 to a head of a patient occipitally. The head capture 830 may include a beam shield and a head receiving portion. Alternatively, the head capture 830 may include a head receiving portion without a beam shield.

[0078] As shown in FIG. 8A, a user may operate a head support system 800 by holding the handle 850. As shown in FIG. 8B, the user may retract the head support a sufficient distance from the axis 860 by pulling on the handle 850. This may cause the bands 840 to extend and elastically increase in length to allow the head capture 830 to freely move behind the head of the patient. As shown in FIG. 8C, the head capture 830 may pivot to be located behind the head of the patient (e.g., occipitally). As shown in FIGS. 8B and 8C, the head capture 830 may pivot about an axis 860. The axis 860 may be most closely aligned with the X-axis. Thus, the head capture 830 may alternate from an open position, substantially within or close to the coronal plane, to a closed position, substantially within or close to the transverse plane. As shown in FIG. 8B, a user may release the handle 850 to allow the head capture 830 to secure the head of the patient occipitally. Due to the elastic nature of the bands 840, the head capture 830 may apply a force or pressure to the back or rear portion (e.g., occipital) of the head of the patient, securing the head against the forehead rest 820. In this configuration, the head is secured by the chin rest 810, the forehead rest 820, and the head capture 830.

[0079] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 8A-8D, the head support system 800 may be operated with one hand. The head support system 800 may adjust itself to conform to and secure a head of a patient. A degree of securement may be determined, at least in part, by the elastic strength of the bands 840.

[0080] According to some embodiments, a head support system 800 according to the present disclosure is combinable with any one or more beam shields and other components of head support systems disclosed herein. For example, the head capture 830 may include an integrated beam shield component, as further disclosed herein. By further example, a beam shield may be provided behind the head capture 830 as a separate component, as further disclosed herein.

[0081] According to some embodiments, a head support system 900 comprises a beam shield that is configured to swivel from an open position to a closed position. As shown in FIGS. 9 A and 9B, a head support system 900 comprises a chin rest 910 and a forehead rest 920 to support a head of a patient. A head capture (not shown) may also be provided. According to some embodiments, a head support system 900 according to the present disclosure is combinable with any one or more head captures and other components of head support systems disclosed herein. For example, a head capture may be provided to engage the head of the patient within the beam shield 940 while in a closed position.

[0082] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the beam shield 940 may pivot about an axis 960. The axis 960 may be most closely aligned with the Y- axis. Thus, the beam shield 940 may alternate from an open position (FIGS. 9A and 9B) to a closed position (not shown) by pivoting about the axis 960. In the open position, a patient may access the chin rest 910 and the forehead rest 920. In the closed position, the beam shield 940 may block or attenuate radiation provided by a treatment device. According to some embodiments, the beam shield 940 may be configured to pivot about another axis, such as the X- axis.

[0083] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 9A, the head support system 900 may comprise a connection location 970. The beam shield 940 may connect to the connection location 970 when brought into a closed position. The connection location 970 may include a locking mechanism, such as a latch, that secures the beam shield in the closed position

[0084] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 9C, the head support system 900 may comprise a beam shield having a first segment 940a and a second segment 940b. The first segment 940a may pivot about a first axis 960a, relative to the chin rest 910 and the forehead rest 920. The second segment 940b may pivot about the second axis 960b, relative to the first segment 940a. The first axis 960a may be most closely aligned with the Y-axis. The second axis 960b may be most closely aligned with the Y-axis or another axis. [0085] According to some embodiments, the beam shield 940 may have one or more open positions, as shown in FIG. 9C, and a closed position (not shown). In one or more open positions, the first and second segments 940a and 940b may collapse about the second axis 960b to be more compact. In one or more open positions, the first and second segments 940a and 940b may separate to provide greater clearance about the head of a patent when transitioning to the closed position.

[0086] According to some embodiments, a head support system 1000 comprises a beam shield that is configured to swivel from an open position to a closed position. As shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, a head support system 1000 comprises a chin rest 1010 and a forehead rest 1020 to support a head of a patient. A head capture (not shown) may also be provided. According to some embodiments, a head support system 1000 according to the present disclosure is combinable with any one or more head captures and other components of head support systems disclosed herein. For example, a head capture may be provided to engage the head of the patient within the beam shield 1040 while in a closed position.

[0087] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the beam shield 1040 may pivot about an axis 1060. The axis 1060 may be most closely aligned with the Y-axis. Thus, the beam shield 1040 may alternate from an open position (FIGS. 10A and 10B) to a closed position (not shown) by pivoting about the axis 1060. In the open position, a patient may access the chin rest 1010 and the forehead rest 1020. In the closed position, the beam shield 1040 may block or attenuate radiation provided by a treatment device. According to some embodiments, the beam shield 1040 may be configured to pivot about another axis, such as the X-axis.

[0088] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 10A, the head support system 1000 may comprise a locking mechanism 1050. The locking mechanism 1050 may connect to a connection location when brought into a closed position. The locking mechanism 1050 may secure the beam shield in the closed position until released by a user.

[0089] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, a head support system 1100 comprises a head support device 1110 for supporting and guiding a head of a patient. For example, the head support device 1110 may be a helmet. As shown in FIGS. 11 A and 11B, the head support device 1110 is configured to fit on the head of the patient's, such that the head support device 1110 encloses a substantial portion of the head of the patient. For example, an inner surface of the head support device 1110 may define a portion of a sphere or spheroid. For example, the inner surface of the head support device 1110 may define a hemi- spheroid. By further example, the head support device 1110 may be configured to cover a region of the head of the patient extending from a frontal lobe to an occipital lobe and from a first temporal lobe to a second temporal lobe.

[0090] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 11A and 11B, a head support system 1100 comprises at least one post 1120 comprising at least one track 1122. The longitudinal axis of the at least one post 1120 may be aligned most closely with the Y-axis. The track 1122 may run along a length of the post 1120. The track 1122 may be configured to receive a connecting member 1130 attached to the head support device 1110. The head support device 1110 and the connecting member 1130 may travel along the axis of the post 1120 (e.g., along the track 1122).

[0091] According to some embodiments, the head support device 1110 is configured to rotate relative to the connecting member 1130. This rotational capability allows the head support device 1110 to be adjusted to accommodate the head of the patient and orient the head of the patient toward a treatment delivery device. According to some embodiments, a locking mechanism 1140 may be provided to secure a selected orientation of the head support device 1110 relative to the connecting member 1130. The same or different locking mechanism 1140 may be provided to secure a selected position of the connecting member 1130 relative to the post 1120.

[0092] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, a head support system 1200 comprises a chin rest 1240 and a forehead rest 1250. According to some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, a head support system 1200 comprises a first (e.g., upper) support strap 1210 and a second (e.g., lower) support strap 1220 for supporting and guiding a head of a patient. As shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B, the first support strap 1210 is configured to contact and support a head of a patient on an upper portion of the head. For example, the first support strap 1210 may be aligned to cover at least a portion of the parietal lobe and/or the occipital lobe. The second support strap 1220 is configured to contact and support ahead of a patient on a lower portion of the head. For example, the second support strap 1220 may be aligned to cover at least a portion of the occipital lobe and/or the cerebellum.

[0093] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 12B, the first support strap 1210 may connect to at least one post 1230 at two or more first connection locations 1214. The longitudinal axis of the at least one post 1230 may be aligned most closely with the Y-axis. At least two of the first connection locations 1214 define an axis about which the first support strap 1210 may pivot. This axis may be most closely aligned with the X-axis. Thus, the first support strap 1210 may pivot at least between the coronal plane and the transverse plane.

[0094] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 12B, the second support strap 1220 may connect to the post 1230 at two or more second connection locations 1224. At least two of the second connection locations 1224 define an axis about which the second support strap 1220 may pivot. This axis may be most closely aligned with the X-axis. Thus, the second support strap 1220 may pivot at least between the coronal plane and the transverse plane.

[0095] According to some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 12B, the first connection locations 1214 may be disposed lower than the second connection locations 1224, with respect to the Y-axis. Accordingly, the first support strap 1210 and the second support strap 1220 have overlapping regions along their lengths. The first support strap 1210 may extend from the first connection locations 1214 above the overlapping region to a rear portion below the overlapping region, with respect to the Y-axis. The second support strap 1220 may extend from the second connection locations 1224 below the overlapping region to a rear portion above the overlapping region, with respect to the Y-axis. Accordingly, the first support strap 1210 may apply a force having a downward component on an upper portion of the head of the patient. Further, the second support strap 1220 may apply a force having an upward component on a lower portion of the head of the patient.

[0096] According to some embodiments, a head support system 1200 may provide sufficient support to stabilize a head of a patient without a chin rest 1240. According to some embodiments, a head support system 1200 and may provide sufficient support for a head of the patient without a chin rest 1240. [0097] According to some embodiments, head support systems of the present disclosure may be used for treatment delivery with a patient in an upright or standing position. For example, head support systems of the present disclosure may be used for orthovoltage radiotherapy applications (ophthalmic or otherwise) requiring head restraint and/or radiation shielding.

[0098] In the foregoing detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a full understanding of the subject technology. It will be apparent, however, to one ordinarily skilled in the art that the subject technology may be practiced without some of these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the subject technology.

[0099] A phrase such as "an aspect" does not imply that such aspect is essential to the subject technology or that such aspect applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to an aspect may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. An aspect may provide one or more examples of the disclosure. A phrase such as "an aspect" may refer to one or more aspects and vice versa. A phrase such as "an embodiment" does not imply that such embodiment is essential to the subject technology or that such embodiment applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to an embodiment may apply to all embodiments, or one or more embodiments. An embodiment may provide one or more examples of the disclosure. A phrase such "an embodiment" may refer to one or more embodiments and vice versa. A phrase such as "a configuration" does not imply that such configuration is essential to the subject technology or that such configuration applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to a configuration may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. A configuration may provide one or more examples of the disclosure. A phrase such as "a configuration" may refer to one or more configurations and vice versa.

[0100] The foregoing description is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to practice the various configurations described herein. While the subject technology has been particularly described with reference to the various figures and configurations, it should be understood that these are for illustration purposes only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the subject technology.

[0101] There may be many other ways to implement the subject technology. Various functions and elements described herein may be partitioned differently from those shown without departing from the scope of the subject technology. Various modifications to these configurations will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and generic principles defined herein may be applied to other configurations. Thus, many changes and modifications may be made to the subject technology, by one having ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the scope of the subject technology.

[0102] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes disclosed is an illustration of exemplary approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged. Some of the steps may be performed simultaneously. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0103] As used herein, the phrase "at least one of preceding a series of items, with the terms "and" or "or" to separate any of the items, modifies the list as a whole, rather than each member of the list (i.e., each item). The phrase "at least one of does not require selection of at least one item; rather, the phrase allows a meaning that includes at least one of any one of the items, and/or at least one of any combination of the items, and/or at least one of each of the items. By way of example, the phrases "at least one of A, B, and C" or "at least one of A, B, or C" each refer to only A, only B, or only C; any combination of A, B, and C; and/or at least one of each of A, B, and C.

[0104] Terms such as "top," "bottom," "front," "rear" and the like as used in this disclosure should be understood as referring to an arbitrary frame of reference, rather than to the ordinary gravitational frame of reference. Thus, a top surface, a bottom surface, a front surface, and a rear surface may extend upwardly, downwardly, diagonally, or horizontally in a gravitational frame of reference. [0105] Furthermore, to the extent that the term "include," "have," or the like is used in the description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprise" as "comprise" is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.

[0106] The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

[0107] A reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one" unless specifically stated, but rather "one or more." Pronouns in the masculine (e.g., his) include the feminine and neuter gender (e.g., her and its) and vice versa. The term "some" refers to one or more. Underlined and/or italicized headings and subheadings are used for convenience only, do not limit the subject technology, and are not referred to in connection with the interpretation of the description of the subject technology. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various configurations described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and intended to be encompassed by the subject technology. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the above description.

[0108] While certain aspects and embodiments of the invention have been described, these have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms without departing from the spirit thereof. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the invention.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A head support system, comprising:

a chin rest configured to receive a chin of a patient;

a forehead rest configured to receive a forehead of the patient;

a head capture unit comprising (i) a head receiver configured to receive an occipital portion of a head of the patient and (ii) a beam shield, configured to attenuate a radiation beam, extending behind the head of the patient and connected to the head receiver, wherein the head receiver and the beam shield are configured to pivot together about an axis.

2. The head support system of claim 1 , wherein, when the head receiver is positioned to receive the occipital portion of the head, the beam shield is positioned along a pathway of the radiation beam.

3. The head support system of claim 2, wherein the pathway of the radiation beam extends through an eye of the patient.

4. The head support system of claim 1, wherein the head capture unit is configured to pivot from an open position, substantially within a coronal plane, to a closed position, substantially within a transverse plane.

5. The head support system of claim 1, wherein the head receiver and the beam shield are configured to move axially along a plane containing the axis.

6. The head support system of claim 5, wherein the head capture unit provides a force to the head in the direction of the forehead rest when the head receiver is moved against the head, such that the head capture unit limits movement of the head between the head capture unit and the forehead rest.

7. The head support system of claim 1, wherein the head receiver and the beam shield are configured to move axially in a direction transverse to the axis.

8. The head support system of claim 1, wherein the beam shield is configured to attenuate a dosage delivered by the radiation beam by at least one order of magnitude.

9. The head support system of claim 1, wherein the beam shield is configured to attenuate a dosage delivered by the radiation beam by at least four orders of magnitude.

10. The head support system of claim 1, wherein the axis extends from a left side of the patient to a right side of the patient.

11. The head support system of claim 1, wherein the head support system is configured to receive a patient in an upright position.

12. The head support system of claim 1, further comprising a sensor configured to detect an orientation of the head capture unit relative to the axis.

13. The head support system of claim 12, wherein the sensor is configured to send a signal to a treatment delivery system that prevents emission of the radiation beam when the orientation of the head capture is not positioned along a pathway of the radiation beam.

14. The head support system of claim 1, wherein the head receiver comprises a padded surface to receive the occipital portion of the head of the patient.

15. A head support system, comprising:

a chin rest configured to receive a chin of a patient;

a forehead rest configured to receive a forehead of the patient;

a head capture unit comprising (i) a head receiver configured to receive a back portion of a head of the patient, (ii) a beam shield, configured to attenuate a radiation beam, extending behind the head of the patient and connected to the head receiver, and (iii) a plurality of flexible members connecting the head receiver and the beam shield to the forehead rest.

16. The head support system of claim 15, wherein the back portion of the head is an occipital portion of the head.

17. The head support system of claim 15, wherein the flexible members comprise elastic bands.

18. The head support system of claim 17, wherein the elastic bands provide a force to the head in the direction of the forehead rest when the head receiver receives the head, such that the head capture unit limits movement of the head between the head capture unit and the forehead rest.

19. The head support system of claim 15, wherein the head receiver and the beam shield are configured to pivot together about an axis.

20. The head support system of claim 19, wherein the axis extends from a left side of the patient to a right side of the patient.

21. The head support system of claim 15, wherein the head support system is configured to receive a patient in an upright position.

22. A head support system, comprising:

a chin rest configured to receive a chin of a patient;

a forehead rest configured to receive a forehead of the patient;

a head capture unit comprising (i) a head receiver configured to receive an occipital portion of a head of the patient, (ii) a beam shield, configured to attenuate a radiation beam, extending behind the head of the patient and connected to the head receiver, and (iii) a first band and a second band, the first and second bands connecting the head receiver and the beam shield to the forehead rest, wherein the first and second bands are configured to be drawn toward each other when a force is applied by the head capture unit to secure the head of the patient and wherein the first and second bands are configured to restrict movement of the head when no force is applied by the head capture unit.

23. The head support system of claim 22, wherein the head capture unit further comprises a pawl biased to engage a first rack of the first band and a second rack of the second band.

24. The head support system of claim 23, wherein the pawl is configured to be disengaged from the first rack and the second rack upon activation of at least one release button.

25. The head support system of claim 22, wherein the head support system is configured to receive a patient in an upright position.