WO2014083679A1 - 空気調和装置、その設計方法 - Google Patents
空気調和装置、その設計方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014083679A1 WO2014083679A1 PCT/JP2012/081070 JP2012081070W WO2014083679A1 WO 2014083679 A1 WO2014083679 A1 WO 2014083679A1 JP 2012081070 W JP2012081070 W JP 2012081070W WO 2014083679 A1 WO2014083679 A1 WO 2014083679A1
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- Prior art keywords
- heat
- heat medium
- refrigerant
- heat exchanger
- heating
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
- F24F5/001—Compression cycle type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/26—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass heat exchangers or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
- F24F3/065—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units with a plurality of evaporators or condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/003—Indoor unit with water as a heat sink or heat source
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/006—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for two pipes connecting the outdoor side to the indoor side with multiple indoor units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
- F25B2313/0231—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units with simultaneous cooling and heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
- F25B2313/0232—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units with bypasses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
- F25B2313/0233—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units in parallel arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/0272—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using bridge circuits of one-way valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/02732—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using two three-way valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioner and a design method thereof.
- a conventional air conditioner applied to a building multi-air conditioner circulates a refrigerant between an outdoor unit that is a heat source unit arranged outside a building and an indoor unit arranged inside a building. Yes. And the air-conditioning object space in which the indoor unit is arranged is cooled or heated by the air that is heated and cooled by radiating and absorbing heat from the refrigerant.
- an HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) refrigerant is often used as the refrigerant.
- Some use natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
- a refrigerant is circulated between the outdoor unit and the repeater, a heat medium is circulated between the repeater and the indoor unit, and heat exchange of the repeater is performed.
- an air conditioner that performs cooling or heating of a space to be air-conditioned in which an indoor unit is arranged by performing heat exchange between a refrigerant and a heat medium in a cooler (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the heat medium heated by the heat exchanger of the relay is transported by the heat medium transport means to the indoor unit that performs the heating operation among the connected indoor units. Further, the heat medium cooled by the heat exchanger of the repeater is transported by the heat medium transport means to the indoor unit that performs the cooling operation among the connected indoor units.
- An air conditioner includes a compressor, a heat source side heat exchanger, a throttling device, and a refrigerant side flow path of a heat exchanger related to heat medium that performs heat exchange between the refrigerant and the heat medium.
- a refrigerant circulation circuit that circulates the refrigerant, a pump, a use side heat exchanger, and a heat medium side flow path of the heat exchanger between heat mediums are connected by a heat medium transport pipe,
- a heat medium circulation circuit that circulates the heat medium, wherein the heat exchangers between the heat mediums are plural, and the heat exchangers between the heat mediums are condensed by all the heat exchangers between the heat mediums.
- the inner diameter of the heat medium conveying pipe are those set based on the capacity of the use side heat exchanger heat medium conveying pipe is connected.
- the inner diameter of the heat medium transport pipe is set based on the capacity of the use side heat exchanger to which the heat medium transport pipe is connected, and therefore flows through the heat medium transport pipe.
- the heat medium flows at an appropriate flow rate, corrosion of the heat medium transport pipe is suppressed, leakage of the heat medium from the heat medium transport pipe is suppressed, and safety is maintained.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an installation example of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention. Based on FIG. 1, the installation example of an air conditioning apparatus is demonstrated.
- This air conditioner uses a refrigeration cycle (refrigerant circulation circuit A, heat medium circulation circuit B) that circulates refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant, heat medium) so that each indoor unit can be in the cooling mode or the heating mode as an operation mode. You can choose freely.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows an entire air conditioner connecting a plurality of indoor units 3.
- the relationship of the size of each component may be different from the actual one.
- the air-conditioning apparatus includes an outdoor unit (heat source unit) 1, a plurality of indoor units 3, and one relay interposed between the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 3. And a unit 2.
- the relay unit 2 performs heat exchange between the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium.
- the outdoor unit 1 and the relay unit 2 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 4 that conducts the heat source side refrigerant.
- the relay unit 2 and the indoor unit 3 are connected by a pipe (heat medium pipe) 5 that conducts the heat medium.
- the cold or warm heat generated by the outdoor unit 1 is delivered to the indoor unit 3 via the relay unit 2.
- the outdoor unit 1 is normally disposed in an outdoor space 6 that is a space outside a building 9 such as a building (for example, a rooftop), and supplies cold or hot heat to the indoor unit 3 via the relay unit 2. .
- the indoor unit 3 is arranged at a position where cooling air or heating air can be supplied to the indoor space 7 that is a space (for example, a living room) inside the building 9, and the cooling air is supplied to the indoor space 7 that is the air-conditioning target space. Alternatively, heating air is supplied.
- the relay unit 2 is configured as a separate housing from the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 3 so as to be installed at a position different from the outdoor space 6 and the indoor space 7.
- the refrigerant pipe 4 and the pipe 5 (heat medium transport pipe 5) are connected to each other, and the cold or warm heat supplied from the outdoor unit 1 is transmitted to the indoor unit 3.
- the heat source side refrigerant is conveyed from the outdoor unit 1 to the relay unit 2 through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the conveyed heat source side refrigerant exchanges heat with the heat medium in a heat exchanger between heat mediums (described later) in the relay unit 2 to heat or cool the heat medium. That is, hot water or cold water is produced by the heat exchanger between heat media.
- Hot water or cold water produced by the relay unit 2 is transported to the indoor unit 3 through the pipe 5 by a heat medium transport device (described later), and used for heating operation or cooling operation for the indoor space 7 by the indoor unit 3.
- heat medium for example, water, antifreeze, a mixture of water and antifreeze, a mixture of water and an additive having a high anticorrosive effect, or the like can be used.
- the outdoor unit 1 and the relay unit 2 use two refrigerant pipes 4, and the relay unit 2 and each indoor unit 3 have two. These pipes 5 are connected to each other.
- each unit outdoor unit 1, indoor unit 3, and relay unit 2 using two pipes (refrigerant pipe 4, pipe 5). Construction is easy.
- the relay unit 2 is installed in a space such as the back of the ceiling (hereinafter simply referred to as a space 8) that is inside the building 9 but is different from the indoor space 7.
- a space 8 such as the back of the ceiling
- the relay unit 2 can also be installed in a common space where there is an elevator or the like.
- the indoor unit 3 is a ceiling cassette type is shown as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to this. Any type of air can be used as long as heating air or cooling air can be blown out by a duct or the like.
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which the outdoor unit 1 is installed in the outdoor space 6, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the outdoor unit 1 may be installed in an enclosed space such as a machine room with a ventilation opening. If the waste heat can be exhausted outside the building 9 by an exhaust duct, the outdoor unit 1 may be installed inside the building 9. It may be installed, or may be installed inside the building 9 when the water-cooled outdoor unit 1 is used. Even if the outdoor unit 1 is installed in such a place, no particular problem occurs.
- the relay unit 2 can be installed in the vicinity of the outdoor unit 1. However, it should be noted that if the distance from the relay unit 2 to the indoor unit 3 is too long, the transfer power of the heat medium becomes considerably large, so that the effect of energy saving is reduced. Furthermore, the number of connected outdoor units 1, indoor units 3, and relay units 2 is not limited to the number shown in FIG. 1, but according to the building 9 in which the air conditioner according to the present embodiment is installed. What is necessary is just to determine the number.
- the plurality of relay units 2 When connecting a plurality of relay units 2 to one outdoor unit, the plurality of relay units 2 can be installed in a common space in a building such as a building or in a space such as the back of a ceiling. By doing so, an air-conditioning load can be covered with the heat exchanger between heat media in each relay unit 2.
- the indoor unit 3 can be installed at a distance or height within the allowable transfer range of the heat medium transfer device in each relay unit 2, and can be arranged in the entire building such as a building.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration of the air conditioning apparatus according to the present embodiment (hereinafter referred to as the air conditioning apparatus 100).
- the structure of the air conditioning apparatus 100 ie, the effect
- the outdoor unit 1 and the relay unit 2 include a heat exchanger related to heat medium (refrigerant-water heat exchanger) 25 a and a heat exchanger related to heat medium (refrigerant—) provided in the relay unit 2.
- the refrigerant pipe 4 is connected via a water heat exchanger 25b.
- the relay unit 2 and the indoor unit 3 are connected by the piping 5 through the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b.
- the refrigerant pipe 4 and the pipe 5 will be described in detail later.
- Outdoor unit 1 In the outdoor unit 1, a compressor 10, a first refrigerant flow switching device 11 such as a four-way valve, a heat source side heat exchanger 12, and an accumulator 19 are connected and connected in series through a refrigerant pipe 4. Yes.
- the outdoor unit 1 is also provided with a refrigerant connection pipe 4a, a refrigerant connection pipe 4b, a check valve 13a, a check valve 13b, a check valve 13c, and a check valve 13d.
- relay connection pipe 4a, refrigerant connection pipe 4b, check valve 13a, check valve 13b, check valve 13c, and check valve 13d are provided.
- the flow of the heat source side refrigerant flowing into the unit 2 can be in a certain direction.
- the compressor 10 sucks the heat-source-side refrigerant, compresses the heat-source-side refrigerant, conveys the heat-source-side refrigerant to a refrigerant circulation circuit A in a high temperature / high pressure state, and includes, for example, a capacity-controllable inverter compressor Good.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 has a flow of the heat source side refrigerant during heating operation (in the heating only operation mode and heating main operation mode) and a cooling operation (in the cooling only operation mode and cooling main operation mode). The flow of the heat source side refrigerant is switched.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 12 functions as an evaporator during heating operation, functions as a condenser (or radiator) during cooling operation, and includes a fluid of air and a heat source side refrigerant supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown).
- the heat source side refrigerant is evaporated and condensed or liquefied.
- the accumulator 19 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 10 and stores excess refrigerant generated due to a difference between the heating operation and the cooling operation, or excess refrigerant with respect to a transient change in operation.
- the check valve 13c is provided in the refrigerant pipe 4 between the relay unit 2 and the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, and the heat source side refrigerant is only in a predetermined direction (direction from the relay unit 2 to the outdoor unit 1). It allows flow.
- the check valve 13a is provided in the refrigerant pipe 4 between the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the relay unit 2, and flows the heat source side refrigerant only in a predetermined direction (direction from the outdoor unit 1 to the relay unit 2). It is acceptable.
- the check valve 13d is provided in the refrigerant connection pipe 4a and causes the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 to flow through the relay unit 2 during the heating operation.
- the check valve 13b is provided in the refrigerant connection pipe 4b, and causes the heat source side refrigerant returned from the relay unit 2 during the heating operation to flow to the suction side of the compressor 10.
- the refrigerant connection pipe 4 a includes a refrigerant pipe 4 between the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the check valve 13 c, and a refrigerant pipe 4 between the check valve 13 a and the relay unit 2.
- the refrigerant connection pipe 4b includes a refrigerant pipe 4 between the check valve 13c and the relay unit 2, a refrigerant pipe 4 between the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the check valve 13a, Are connected.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which the refrigerant connection pipe 4a, the refrigerant connection pipe 4b, the check valve 13a, the check valve 13b, the check valve 13c, and the check valve 13d are provided.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and these are not necessarily provided.
- Each indoor unit 3 is equipped with a use side heat exchanger 35.
- the use side heat exchanger 35 is connected to the heat medium flow control device 34 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33 of the relay unit 2 by the pipe 5.
- the use side heat exchanger 35 exchanges heat between air supplied from a blower such as a fan (not shown) and a heat medium, and generates heating air or cooling air to be supplied to the indoor space 7. To do.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which four indoor units 3 are connected to the relay unit 2, which are illustrated as an indoor unit 3 a, an indoor unit 3 b, an indoor unit 3 c, and an indoor unit 3 d from the upper side of the drawing.
- the use side heat exchanger 35 also has a use side heat exchanger 35a, a use side heat exchanger 35b, a use side heat exchanger 35c, and a use side heat exchanger from the upper side of the drawing. It is illustrated as 35d.
- the number of indoor units 3 connected is not limited to the four shown in FIG.
- the relay unit 2 includes two or more heat exchangers for heat medium 25, two expansion devices 26, two switching devices (switching devices 27 and 29), and two second refrigerant flow switching devices. 28, two heat medium transfer devices, a pump 31 (hereinafter referred to as a pump), four first heat medium flow switching devices 32, four second heat medium flow switching devices 33, and four heat medium flow rates.
- An adjustment device 34 is mounted.
- the two heat exchangers for heat medium 25 are provided with a condenser (heat radiator) when supplying heat to the indoor unit 3 that is performing the heating operation.
- a condenser heat radiator
- the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a is provided between the expansion device 26a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 28a in the refrigerant circuit A, and serves to cool the heat medium in the cooling / heating mixed operation mode. is there. Further, the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b is provided between the expansion device 26b and the second refrigerant flow switching device 28b in the refrigerant circulation circuit A, and serves to heat the heat medium in the cooling / heating mixed operation mode. Is.
- the two expansion devices 26 have functions as a pressure reducing valve and an expansion valve, and expand the heat source side refrigerant by reducing the pressure.
- the expansion device 26a is provided on the upstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a in the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the cooling operation.
- the expansion device 26b is provided on the upstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b in the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the cooling operation.
- the two throttling devices 26 may be configured by a device whose opening degree can be variably controlled, for example, an electronic expansion valve.
- the two opening / closing devices are constituted by electromagnetic valves or the like that can be opened and closed by energization, and open and close the refrigerant pipe 4. That is, the opening and closing of the two opening / closing devices is controlled according to the operation mode, and the flow path of the heat source side refrigerant is switched.
- the opening / closing device 27 is provided in the refrigerant pipe 4 on the inlet side of the heat-source-side refrigerant (the refrigerant pipe 4 located at the lowest level in the drawing among the refrigerant pipes 4 connecting the outdoor unit 1 and the relay unit 2).
- the opening / closing device 29 is provided in a pipe (bypass pipe 20) connecting the refrigerant pipe 4 on the inlet side of the heat source side refrigerant and the refrigerant pipe 4 on the outlet side.
- the opening / closing device 27 and the opening / closing device 29 may be any devices that can switch the refrigerant flow path.
- an electronic expansion valve or the like that can variably control the opening may be used.
- the two second refrigerant flow switching devices 28 are configured by, for example, a four-way valve or the like, and heat exchange between heat media according to the operation mode.
- the flow of the heat source side refrigerant is switched so that the condenser 25 acts as a condenser or an evaporator.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 28a is provided on the downstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a in the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the cooling operation.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 28b is provided on the downstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b in the flow of the heat source side refrigerant in the cooling only operation mode.
- the two pumps 31 (pump 31a and pump 31b) circulate the heat medium that conducts the pipe 5 to the heat medium circuit B.
- the pump 31 a is provided in the pipe 5 between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25 a and the second heat medium flow switching device 33.
- the pump 31 b is provided in the pipe 5 between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25 b and the second heat medium flow switching device 33.
- the two pumps 31 may be configured by a capacity-controllable pump or the like, and the flow rate thereof may be adjusted according to the size of the load in the indoor unit 3.
- the four first heat medium flow switching devices 32 are configured by three-way valves or the like, and heat the flow of the heat medium. Switching between the heat exchanger for medium 25a and the heat exchanger 25b for heat medium is performed.
- the number of first heat medium flow switching devices 32 is set according to the number of indoor units 3 installed (here, four). In the first heat medium flow switching device 32, one of the three sides is in the heat exchanger 25a, one of the three is in the heat exchanger 25b, and one of the three is in the heat medium flow rate. Each is connected to the adjustment device 34 and provided on the outlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 35.
- the switching of the heat medium flow path includes not only complete switching from one to the other but also partial switching from one to the other.
- the four second heat medium flow switching devices 33 are configured by three-way valves or the like, and heat the flow of the heat medium. Switching between the heat exchanger for medium 25a and the heat exchanger 25b for heat medium is performed.
- the second heat medium flow switching device 33 is provided in a number (four in this case) corresponding to the number of indoor units 3 installed.
- one of the three heat transfer medium heat exchangers 25a, one of the three heat transfer medium heat exchangers 25b, and one of the three heat transfer side heats. Each is connected to the exchanger 35 and provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 35.
- the second heat medium flow switching device 33a, the second heat medium flow switching device 33b, the second heat medium flow switching device 33c, and the second heat medium flow switching are performed from the upper side of the drawing. Illustrated as device 33d.
- the switching of the heat medium flow path includes not only complete switching from one to the other but also partial switching from one to the other.
- the four heat medium flow control devices 34 are configured by two-way valves or the like that can control the opening area, and control the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the pipe 5. To do.
- the number of the heat medium flow control devices 34 is set according to the number of indoor units 3 installed (four in this case).
- One of the heat medium flow control devices 34 is connected to the use side heat exchanger 35 and the other is connected to the first heat medium flow switching device 32, and is connected to the outlet side of the heat medium flow channel of the use side heat exchanger 35. Is provided.
- the heat medium flow control device 34 adjusts the amount of the heat medium flowing into the indoor unit 3 according to the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the indoor unit 3 and the temperature of the heat medium flowing out, so that the optimum heat according to the indoor load is adjusted.
- the medium amount can be provided to the indoor unit 3.
- the heat medium flow rate adjustment device 34a, the heat medium flow rate adjustment device 34b, the heat medium flow rate adjustment device 34c, and the heat medium flow rate adjustment device 34d are illustrated from the upper side of the drawing.
- the heat medium flow control device 34 may be provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 35.
- the heat medium flow control device 34 may be provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 35 and between the second heat medium flow switching device 33 and the use side heat exchanger 35. Good.
- the indoor unit 3 does not require a load such as stop or thermo OFF, the heat medium supply to the indoor unit 3 can be stopped by fully closing the heat medium flow control device 34.
- the heat medium flow control device 34 may be omitted. Is possible.
- the relay unit 2 is provided with a temperature sensor 40 (temperature sensor 40a, temperature sensor 40b) for detecting the temperature of the heat medium on the outlet side of the heat exchanger 25 between heat mediums.
- Information (temperature information) detected by the temperature sensor 40 is sent to a control device 50 that performs overall control of the operation of the air conditioner 100, and the driving frequency of the compressor 10, the rotational speed of the blower (not shown), the first refrigerant flow It is used for control such as switching of the path switching device 11, driving frequency of the pump 31, switching of the second refrigerant flow switching device 28, switching of the flow path of the heat medium, adjustment of the heat medium flow rate of the indoor unit 3, etc. Become.
- control device 50 is mounted in the relay unit 2
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the control device 50 is mounted to be communicable with the outdoor unit 1 or the indoor unit 3 or each unit. You may do it.
- the control device 50 is constituted by a microcomputer or the like, and based on detection information from various detection means and instructions from a remote controller, the driving frequency of the compressor 10, the rotational speed of the blower (including ON / OFF), the first 1 switching of the refrigerant flow switching device 11, driving of the pump 31, opening of the expansion device 26, opening and closing of the switching device, switching of the second refrigerant flow switching device 28, switching of the first heat medium flow switching device 32, Each actuator (pump 31, first heat medium flow switching device 32, second heat medium flow switching device 33, switching of the second heat medium flow switching device 33, driving of the heat medium flow control device 34, etc.) The diaphragm device 26) is controlled.
- the pipe 5 that conducts the heat medium is composed of one that is connected to the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and one that is connected to the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b.
- the pipe 5 is branched (here, four branches each) according to the number of indoor units 3 connected to the relay unit 2.
- the pipe 5 is connected by a first heat medium flow switching device 32 and a second heat medium flow switching device 33. By controlling the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33, the heat medium from the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a flows into the use-side heat exchanger 35, or the heat medium Whether the heat medium from the intermediate heat exchanger 25b flows into the use side heat exchanger 35 is determined.
- the compressor 10 In the air conditioner 100, the compressor 10, the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, the heat source side heat exchanger 12, the switching device 27, the switching device 29, the second refrigerant flow switching device 28, and heat exchange between heat media.
- the refrigerant flow path, the expansion device 26 and the accumulator 19 of the container 25 are connected by the refrigerant pipe 4 to constitute the refrigerant circulation circuit A.
- the switching device 33 is connected by the pipe 5 to constitute the heat medium circulation circuit B. That is, a plurality of use side heat exchangers 35 are connected in parallel to each of the heat exchangers 25 between heat mediums, and the heat medium circulation circuit B has a plurality of systems.
- the outdoor unit 1 and the relay unit 2 are connected via the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b provided in the relay unit 2, and the relay unit 2 is connected.
- the indoor unit 3 are connected via the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b. That is, in the air conditioner 100, the heat source side refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit A and the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B exchange heat in the intermediate heat exchanger 25a and the intermediate heat exchanger 25b. It is like that. By using such a configuration, the air conditioner 100 can realize an optimal cooling operation or heating operation according to the indoor load.
- the air conditioner 100 can perform a cooling operation or a heating operation in the indoor unit 3 based on an instruction from each indoor unit 3. That is, the air conditioning apparatus 100 can perform the same operation for all the indoor units 3 and can perform different operations for each of the indoor units 3.
- the operation mode executed by the air conditioner 100 includes a heating only operation mode in which all the driven indoor units 3 execute the heating operation, and a cooling only operation in which all the driven indoor units 3 execute the cooling operation.
- Cooling main operation mode in which the cooling load is larger than the heating load in the mode and the mixed heating and cooling operation mode, and heating main operation in which the heating load is larger than the cooling load in the combined cooling and heating operation mode There is a mode. Below, each operation mode is demonstrated with the flow of a heat-source side refrigerant
- FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the heating only operation mode.
- the heating only operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a heating load is generated in all of the use side heat exchanger 35a to the use side heat exchanger 35d.
- the piping represented by the thick line has shown the piping through which the heat source side refrigerant
- the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 is connected to the relay unit without causing the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 to pass through the heat source side heat exchanger 12.
- Switch to 2 In the relay unit 2, the pump 31a and the pump 31b are driven, the heat medium flow control devices 34a to 34d are opened, and the heat medium heat exchanger 25a and the heat medium heat exchanger 25b are used respectively.
- the heat medium circulates between the side heat exchanger 35a and the use side heat exchanger 35d.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 28a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 28b are switched to the heating side, the opening / closing device 27 is closed, and the opening / closing device 29 is open.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, conducts through the refrigerant connection pipe 4 a, passes through the check valve 13 d, and flows out of the outdoor unit 1.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor unit 1 flows into the relay unit 2 through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 2 is branched and passes through the second refrigerant flow switching device 28a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 28b, and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and heat between the heat media. It flows into each of the exchangers 25b.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant flowing into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant. .
- the liquid refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b is expanded by the expansion device 26a and the expansion device 26b to become a low-temperature, low-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
- These two-phase refrigerants merge, flow out of the relay unit 2 through the opening / closing device 29, and flow into the outdoor unit 1 again through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 1 is conducted through the refrigerant connection pipe 4b, passes through the check valve 13b, and flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 that functions as an evaporator.
- the heat-source-side refrigerant that has flowed into the heat-source-side heat exchanger 12 absorbs heat from the air in the outdoor space 6 (hereinafter referred to as “outside air”) by the heat-source-side heat exchanger 12, and becomes a low-temperature / low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out from the heat source side heat exchanger 12 is again sucked into the compressor 10 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 19.
- the expansion device 26 has a value obtained by converting the pressure of the heat-source-side refrigerant flowing between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25 and the expansion device 26 into a saturation temperature, and the temperature on the outlet side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25.
- the degree of opening is controlled so that the subcool (degree of supercooling) obtained as a difference from the above becomes constant.
- the heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in both the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b, and the heated heat medium is piped 5 by the pump 31a and the pump 31b.
- the inside will be allowed to flow.
- the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 31a and the pump 31b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 33a to the second heat medium flow switching device 33d, and the use side heat exchanger 35a to the use side heat exchange.
- the indoor space 7 is heated by the heat medium radiating heat to the indoor air by the use side heat exchanger 35a to the use side heat exchanger 35d.
- the heat medium flows out from the use side heat exchanger 35a to the use side heat exchanger 35d and flows into the heat medium flow control device 34a to the heat medium flow control device 34d.
- the heat medium flow control device 34a to the heat medium flow control device 34d control the flow rate of the heat medium to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required indoors, so that the use-side heat exchanger 35a. It flows into the use side heat exchanger 35d.
- the heat medium flowing out from the heat medium flow control device 34a to the heat medium flow control device 34d passes through the first heat medium flow switching device 32a to the first heat medium flow switching device 32d, and then the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a.
- the heat quantity flowing into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b and supplied to the indoor space 7 through the indoor unit 3 is received from the refrigerant side and sucked into the pump 31a and the pump 31b again.
- the heat medium is directed from the second heat medium flow switching device 33 to the first heat medium flow switching device 32 via the heat medium flow control device 34.
- the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 is the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 40a or the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 40b and the temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchanger 35. This can be covered by controlling the difference to keep it at the target value.
- the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25 either the temperature sensor 40a or the temperature sensor 40b may be used, or an average temperature of these may be used.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33 seem to secure a flow path that flows to both the heat medium heat exchanger 25a and the heat medium heat exchanger 25b.
- the opening degree is controlled to an intermediate opening degree or an opening degree corresponding to the heat medium temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b.
- the usage-side heat exchanger 35 should be controlled by the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet, but the temperature of the heat medium on the inlet side of the usage-side heat exchanger 35 is the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 40b. The number of temperature sensors can be reduced by using the temperature sensor 40b, and the system can be configured at low cost.
- the heating only operation mode When the heating only operation mode is executed, it is not necessary to flow the heat medium to the use side heat exchanger 35 (including the thermo-off) having no heat load.
- the heat medium is prevented from flowing to the heat exchanger 35.
- the heat medium flows because all of the use side heat exchangers 35a to 35d have a heat load.
- the corresponding heat medium flow control device 34 is used. Can be fully closed. Then, when a heat load is generated again, the corresponding heat medium flow control device 34 is opened, and the heat medium is circulated. The same applies to other operation modes described below.
- FIG. 4 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the cooling only operation mode.
- the cooling only operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a cooling load is generated in all of the use side heat exchangers 35a to 35d.
- the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the outdoor unit 1 switches the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12.
- the pump 31a and the pump 31b are driven, the heat medium flow control devices 34a to 34d are opened, and the heat medium heat exchanger 25a and the heat medium heat exchanger 25b are used respectively.
- the heat medium circulates between the side heat exchanger 35a and the use side heat exchanger 35d.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 28a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 28b are switched to the cooling side, the opening / closing device 27 is open, and the opening / closing device 29 is closed.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, passes through the heat source side heat exchanger 12, performs heat exchange with the outside air, and performs high-temperature and high-pressure liquid or After becoming a phase refrigerant and passing through the check valve 13 a, the refrigerant connection pipe 4 a is conducted and flows out of the outdoor unit 1.
- the high-temperature / high-pressure liquid or two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 2 passes through the opening / closing device 27, and is branched and expanded by the expansion device 26a and the expansion device 26b to become a low-temperature / low-pressure two-phase refrigerant. .
- These two-phase refrigerants evaporate while absorbing heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B, and become low-temperature gas refrigerants.
- the expansion device 26 calculates a value obtained by converting the pressure of the heat-source-side refrigerant flowing between the heat exchanger 25 between the heat medium 25 and the expansion device 26 into a saturation temperature and the temperature on the outlet side of the heat exchanger 25 between the heat media.
- the opening degree is controlled so that the superheat (superheat degree) obtained as the difference becomes constant.
- the saturation temperature obtained by converting the temperature at the intermediate position may be used instead. In this case, it is not necessary to install a pressure sensor, and the system can be configured at low cost.
- the heat of the heat medium is transmitted to the heat source side refrigerant by both the heat exchangers between heat exchangers 25a and 25b, and the cooled heat medium is pressurized by the pumps 31a and 31b.
- the heat medium that has flowed out then flows into the use side heat exchanger 35a to the use side heat exchanger 35d via the second heat medium flow switching device 33a to the second heat medium flow switching device 33d.
- the heat medium absorbs heat from the indoor air in the use side heat exchanger 35a to the use side heat exchanger 35d, thereby cooling the indoor space 7.
- the heat medium flows out from the use side heat exchanger 35a to the use side heat exchanger 35d and flows into the heat medium flow control device 34a to the heat medium flow control device 34d.
- the use side heat exchanger 35a is controlled by the operation of the heat medium flow control device 34a to the heat medium flow control device 34d so that the flow rate of the heat medium is controlled to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the other room. It flows into the use side heat exchanger 35d.
- the heat medium flowing out from the heat medium flow control device 34a to the heat medium flow control device 34d passes through the first heat medium flow switching device 32a to the first heat medium flow switching device 32d and passes through the heat exchangers 25a and 25a. It flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b, passes the amount of heat absorbed from the indoor space 7 through the indoor unit 3 to the refrigerant side, and is sucked into the pump 31a and the pump 31b again.
- the heat medium flows in the direction from the second heat medium flow switching device 33 to the first heat medium flow switching device 32 via the heat medium flow control device 34.
- the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 is the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 40a or the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 40b and the temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchanger 35. This can be covered by controlling the difference to keep it at the target value.
- the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25 either the temperature sensor 40a or the temperature sensor 40b may be used, or an average temperature of these may be used.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33 seem to secure a flow path that flows to both the heat medium heat exchanger 25a and the heat medium heat exchanger 25b.
- the opening degree is controlled to an intermediate opening degree or an opening degree corresponding to the heat medium temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b.
- the usage-side heat exchanger 35 should be controlled by the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet, but the temperature of the heat medium on the inlet side of the usage-side heat exchanger 35 is the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 40b. The number of temperature sensors can be reduced by using the temperature sensor 40b, and the system can be configured at low cost.
- FIG. 5 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the mixed operation mode.
- tube represented by the thick line has shown the piping through which the heat source side refrigerant
- the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by solid line arrows, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by broken line arrows.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 relays the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 without passing through the heat source side heat exchanger 12. Switch to flow into unit 2.
- the pump 31a and the pump 31b are driven to open the heat medium flow rate adjusting device 34a to the heat medium flow rate adjusting device 34d, and the heat exchange between the heat medium heat exchanger 25a and the use side heat exchange in which the heat load is generated.
- the heat medium circulates between the heat exchanger 35 and the heat exchanger 35b between the heat medium and the use side heat exchanger 35 where the heat load is generated.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 28a is switched to the cooling side, the second refrigerant flow switching device 28b is switched to the heating side, the expansion device 26a is fully opened, the opening / closing device 27 is closed, and the opening / closing device 29 is closed. ing.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, conducts through the refrigerant connection pipe 4 a, passes through the check valve 13 d, and flows out of the outdoor unit 1.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor unit 1 flows into the relay unit 2 through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the relay unit 2 flows through the second refrigerant flow switching device 28b into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b that acts as a condenser.
- the gas refrigerant flowing into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B, and becomes liquid refrigerant.
- the liquid refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b is expanded by the expansion device 26b and becomes a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
- This low-pressure two-phase refrigerant flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a acting as an evaporator via the expansion device 26a.
- the low-pressure two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a evaporates by absorbing heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B, thereby cooling the heat medium.
- the low-pressure two-phase refrigerant flows out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a, flows out of the relay unit 2 through the second refrigerant flow switching device 28a, and flows into the outdoor unit 1 again through the refrigerant
- the low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 1 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 that acts as an evaporator through the check valve 13b.
- coolant which flowed into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 absorbs heat from external air in the heat source side heat exchanger 12, and turns into a low temperature and low pressure gas refrigerant.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out from the heat source side heat exchanger 12 is again sucked into the compressor 10 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 19.
- the opening degree of the expansion device 26b is controlled so that the subcooling (supercooling degree) of the outlet refrigerant of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b becomes a target value. Note that the expansion device 26b may be fully opened, and the subcool may be controlled by the expansion device 26a.
- the heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium by the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b, and the heated heat medium is caused to flow in the pipe 5 by the pump 31b.
- the cold heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a, and the cooled heat medium is caused to flow in the pipe 5 by the pump 31a.
- the cooled heat medium that has been pressurized and flowed out by the pump 31a flows into the use-side heat exchanger 35 where the cold load is generated via the second heat medium flow switching device 33, and is pressurized by the pump 31b.
- the heat medium that has flowed out then flows through the second heat medium flow switching device 33 into the use side heat exchanger 35 where the heat load is generated.
- the second heat medium flow switching device 33 is switched to the direction in which the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b and the pump 31b are connected when the connected indoor unit 3 is in the heating operation mode.
- the indoor unit 3 is switched to the direction in which the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the pump 31a are connected. That is, the second heat medium flow switching device 33 can switch the heat medium supplied to the indoor unit 3 between heating and cooling.
- the cooling operation of the indoor space 7 is performed by the heat medium absorbing heat from the indoor air, or the heating operation of the indoor space 7 is performed by the heat medium radiating heat to the indoor air.
- the flow rate of the heat medium is controlled to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required indoors by the action of the heat medium flow control device 34 and flows into the use side heat exchanger 35. Yes.
- the heat medium that has been used for cooling operation and that has passed through the use-side heat exchanger 35 and has slightly increased in temperature passes through the heat medium flow control device 34 and the first heat medium flow switching device 32, and then the heat exchanger between heat media. It flows into 25a and is sucked into the pump 31a again.
- the heat medium that has been used for heating operation and has passed through the use-side heat exchanger 35 and has slightly decreased in temperature passes through the heat medium flow control device 34 and the first heat medium flow switching device 32, and then the heat exchanger between heat media. It flows into 25b and is sucked into the pump 31b again.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 32 is switched to the direction in which the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25b and the pump 31b are connected when the connected indoor unit 3 is in the heating operation mode,
- the indoor unit 3 is switched to the direction in which the heat exchanger related to heat medium 25a and the pump 31a are connected.
- the warm heat medium and the cold heat medium are not mixed by the action of the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33, and the use side has a heat load and a heat load, respectively. It is introduced into the heat exchanger 35.
- the heat medium used in the heating operation mode receives heat from the refrigerant as a heating application
- the refrigerant receives heat from the heat medium used in the cooling operation mode as a cooling application.
- the heat exchangers 25a, 25a, 25a, 25a, 25c, 25c, 25c, 25c, and 25b are exchanged with the refrigerant, and then are transferred to the pump 31a and the pump 31b.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 32 via the heat medium flow control device 34 from the second heat medium flow switching device 33 on both the heating side and the cooling side.
- the heat medium is flowing in the direction to
- the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 is the difference between the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 40b on the heating side and the temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchanger 35 on the cooling side. This can be covered by controlling the difference between the temperature of the heat medium flowing out from the use side heat exchanger 35 and the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 40a as a target value.
- the heat medium flows through the pipe 5 at a flow rate at which the oxide film is not peeled off and corrosive organisms are not deposited, that is, at a flow rate of 0.5 m / s to 2 m / s.
- the inner diameter of the pipe 5 is set.
- the inner diameter of the pipe 5 is set according to the capacity of the use side heat exchanger 35. Is done. Since the optimum selection range of the inner diameter of the pipe 5 differs between the cooling operation and the heating operation, the inner diameter of the pipe 5 depends on the optimum selection range during the cooling operation and the optimum selection range during the heating operation. Is set.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the capacity of the use side heat exchanger during the cooling operation of the air conditioner 100 and the optimum selection range of the inner diameter of the pipe connected thereto.
- the horizontal axis shows the capacity (cooling operation capacity) of the use side heat exchanger 35 during the cooling operation
- the vertical axis shows the inner diameter of the pipe 5 connected to the use side heat exchanger 35.
- the solid line indicates the lower limit of the selection range of the inner diameter of the pipe 5, that is, the inner diameter at which the oxide film is not peeled off
- the dotted line indicates the upper limit of the selection range of the inner diameter of the pipe 5, that is, corrosive organisms.
- the inner diameter is a flow rate at which no deposition occurs.
- the optimum selection range of the inner diameter of the pipe 5 changes according to the capacity of the use side heat exchanger 35.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the capacity of the use side heat exchanger during the heating operation of the air conditioner 100 and the optimum selection range of the inner diameter of the pipe connected thereto.
- the horizontal axis shows the capacity during heating operation of the use side heat exchanger 35 (heating operation capability), and the vertical axis shows the inner diameter of the pipe 5 connected to the use side heat exchanger 35.
- the solid line indicates the lower limit of the selection range of the inner diameter of the pipe 5, that is, the inner diameter at which the oxide film is not peeled off
- the dotted line indicates the upper limit of the selection range of the inner diameter of the pipe 5, that is, corrosive organisms.
- the inner diameter is a flow rate at which no deposition occurs.
- the optimum selection range of the inner diameter of the pipe 5 changes according to the capacity of the use side heat exchanger 35.
- the optimum selection range of the inner diameter of the pipe 5 is different between the cooling operation and the heating operation. Therefore, the inner diameter of the pipe 5 is the use side heat exchanger to be connected. It is set to a value that is included in both the optimum selection range when the air-cooling operation of 35 and the optimum selection range when the connected use side heat exchanger 35 performs the heating operation.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow switching device 33 described in the present embodiment can switch a three-way flow such as a three-way valve, and can open and close a two-way flow such as an on-off valve. What is necessary is just to be able to switch a flow path, such as combining two things to perform.
- the first heat medium can be obtained by combining two things such as a stepping motor drive type mixing valve that can change the flow rate of the three-way flow path and two things that can change the flow rate of the two-way flow path such as an electronic expansion valve.
- the flow path switching device 32 and the second heat medium flow path switching device 33 may be used.
- the heat medium flow control device 34 may be a stepping motor driven type that can control the flow rate flowing through the flow path, and may be a two-way valve or a one-way valve with one end closed. Further, as the heat medium flow control device 34, a device that opens and closes a two-way flow path such as an open / close valve may be used, and the average flow rate may be controlled by repeating ON / OFF.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 28 is shown as a four-way valve, the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of two-way flow switching valves and three-way flow switching valves are used in the same manner. You may comprise so that a refrigerant
- coolant may flow.
- the heat medium for example, brine (antifreeze), water, a mixed solution of brine and water, a mixed solution of water and an additive having a high anticorrosive effect, or the like can be used. Therefore, in the air conditioning apparatus 100, even if the heat medium leaks into the indoor space 7 through the indoor unit 3, it contributes to the improvement of safety because a highly safe heat medium is used. Become.
- the air conditioner 100 includes the accumulator 19
- the accumulator 19 may not be provided.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the use side heat exchanger 35 are provided with a blower, and in many cases, condensation or evaporation is promoted by blowing air, but this is not restrictive.
- the use side heat exchanger 35 may be a panel heater using radiation
- the heat source side heat exchanger 12 is a water-cooled type that moves heat by water or antifreeze. Can also be used. That is, the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the use side heat exchanger 35 can be used regardless of the type as long as they have a structure capable of radiating heat or absorbing heat.
- the case where there are four usage-side heat exchangers 35 has been described as an example, but the number is not particularly limited.
- the case where the number of heat exchangers between heat mediums 25a and the heat exchangers between heat mediums 25b is two has been described as an example, naturally the present invention is not limited to this, so that the heat medium can be cooled or / and heated. If it comprises, you may install how many.
- the number of pumps 31a and 31b is not limited to one, and a plurality of small-capacity pumps may be connected in parallel.
- the inner diameter of the pipe 5 is set based on the capacity of the use side heat exchanger 35 to which the pipe 5 is connected.
- the medium flows at an appropriate flow rate, corrosion of the pipe 5 is suppressed, leakage of the heat medium from the pipe 5 is suppressed, and safety is maintained.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態に係る空気調和装置の設置例を示す概略図である。図1に基づいて、空気調和装置の設置例について説明する。この空気調和装置は、冷媒(熱源側冷媒、熱媒体)を循環させる冷凍サイクル(冷媒循環回路A、熱媒体循環回路B)を利用することで各室内機が運転モードとして冷房モードあるいは暖房モードを自由に選択できるようになっている。図1では、複数台の室内ユニット3を接続している空気調和装置の全体を概略的に示している。なお、図1を含め、以下の図面では各構成部材の大きさの関係が実際のものとは異なる場合がある。
室外ユニット1には、圧縮機10と、四方弁等の第1冷媒流路切替装置11と、熱源側熱交換器12と、アキュムレーター19とが冷媒配管4で直列に接続されて搭載されている。また、室外ユニット1には、冷媒用接続配管4a、冷媒用接続配管4b、逆止弁13a、逆止弁13b、逆止弁13c、及び、逆止弁13dが設けられている。冷媒用接続配管4a、冷媒用接続配管4b、逆止弁13a、逆止弁13b、逆止弁13c、及び、逆止弁13dを設けることで、室内ユニット3の要求する運転に関わらず、中継ユニット2に流入させる熱源側冷媒の流れを一定方向にすることができる。
室内ユニット3には、それぞれ利用側熱交換器35が搭載されている。この利用側熱交換器35は、配管5によって中継ユニット2の熱媒体流量調整装置34と第2熱媒体流路切替装置33に接続するようになっている。この利用側熱交換器35は、図示省略のファン等の送風機から供給される空気と熱媒体との間で熱交換を行ない、室内空間7に供給するための暖房用空気あるいは冷房用空気を生成するものである。
中継ユニット2には、2つ以上の熱媒体間熱交換器25と、2つの絞り装置26と、2つの開閉装置(開閉装置27、開閉装置29)と、2つの第2冷媒流路切替装置28と、2つの熱媒体搬送装置であるポンプ31(以下ポンプ)と、4つの第1熱媒体流路切替装置32と、4つの第2熱媒体流路切替装置33と、4つの熱媒体流量調整装置34と、が搭載されている。
空気調和装置100が実行する各運転モードについて説明する。この空気調和装置100は、各室内ユニット3からの指示に基づいて、その室内ユニット3で冷房運転あるいは暖房運転が可能になっている。つまり、空気調和装置100は、室内ユニット3の全部で同一運転をすることができるとともに、室内ユニット3のそれぞれで異なる運転をすることができるようになっている。
図3は、空気調和装置100の全暖房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図3では、利用側熱交換器35a~利用側熱交換器35dの全部で温熱負荷が発生している場合を例に全暖房運転モードについて説明する。なお、図3では、太線で表された配管が熱源側冷媒の流れる配管を示している。また、図3では、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を通り、冷媒用接続配管4aを導通し、逆止弁13dを通過し、室外ユニット1から流出する。室外ユニット1から流出した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、冷媒配管4を通って中継ユニット2に流入する。中継ユニット2に流入した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、分岐されて第2冷媒流路切替装置28a及び第2冷媒流路切替装置28bを通って、熱媒体間熱交換器25a及び熱媒体間熱交換器25bのそれぞれに流入する。
全暖房運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器25a及び熱媒体間熱交換器25bの双方で熱源側冷媒の温熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、暖められた熱媒体がポンプ31a及びポンプ31bによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。ポンプ31a及びポンプ31bで加圧されて流出した熱媒体は、第2熱媒体流路切替装置33a~第2熱媒体流路切替装置33dを介して、利用側熱交換器35a~利用側熱交換器35dに流入する。そして、熱媒体が利用側熱交換器35a~利用側熱交換器35dで室内空気に放熱することで、室内空間7の暖房を行なう。
図4は、空気調和装置100の全冷房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図4では、利用側熱交換器35a~利用側熱交換器35dの全部で冷熱負荷が発生している場合を例に全冷房運転モードについて説明する。なお、図4では熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を通り、熱源側熱交換器12を通過し、外気との熱交換を行い、高温高圧の液または二相冷媒となり、逆止弁13aを通過した後、冷媒用接続配管4aを導通し室外ユニット1から流出する。室外ユニット1から流出した高温・高圧の液または二相冷媒は、冷媒配管4を通って中継ユニット2に流入する。中継ユニット2に流入した高温・高圧の液または二相冷媒は、開閉装置27を通過した後、分岐されて絞り装置26aおよび絞り装置26bで膨張させられて、低温・低圧の二相冷媒となる。これらの二相冷媒は、熱媒体循環回路Bを循環する熱媒体から吸熱しながら蒸発気化し、低温のガス冷媒となる。熱媒体間熱交換器25aおよび熱媒体間熱交換器25bから流出したガス冷媒は、第2冷媒流路切替装置28aおよび第2冷媒流路切替装置28bを通って中継ユニット2から流出し、冷媒用接続配管4bを問う通史、逆止弁13cを通過して第1冷媒流路切替装置11およびアキュムレーター19を解して圧縮機10へ再度吸入される。
全冷房運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器25aおよび熱媒体間熱交換器25bの双方で熱源側冷媒へ熱媒体の温熱が伝えられ、冷却された熱媒体がポンプ31aおよびポンプ31bで加圧されて流出した熱媒体は、第2熱媒体流路切替装置33a~第2熱媒体流路切替装置33dを介して、利用側熱交換器35a~利用側熱交換器35dに流入する。そして、熱媒体が利用側熱交換器35a~利用側熱交換器35dで室内空気から吸熱することで、室内空間7の冷房を行う。
図5は、空気調和装置100の混在運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図5では、利用側熱交換器35のうちのいずれかで温熱負荷が発生し、利用側熱交換器35のうちの残りで冷熱負荷が発生している場合である混在運転のうち、暖房主体運転モードについて説明する。なお、図5では、太線で表された配管が熱源側冷媒の循環する配管を示している。また、図5では、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温・低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温・高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を通り、冷媒用接続配管4aを導通し、逆止弁13dを通過し、室外ユニット1から流出する。室外ユニット1から流出した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、冷媒配管4を通って中継ユニット2に流入する。中継ユニット2に流入した高温・高圧のガス冷媒は、第2冷媒流路切替装置28bを通って凝縮器として作用する熱媒体間熱交換器25bに流入する。
第1暖房主体運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器25bで熱源側冷媒の温熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、暖められた熱媒体がポンプ31bによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。また、第1暖房主体運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器25aで熱源側冷媒の冷熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、冷やされた熱媒体がポンプ31aによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。ポンプ31aで加圧されて流出した冷やされた熱媒体は、冷熱負荷が発生している利用側熱交換器35に第2熱媒体流路切替装置33を介して流入し、ポンプ31bで加圧されて流出した熱媒体は、温熱負荷が発生している利用側熱交換器35に第2熱媒体流路切替装置33を介して流入する。
室内ユニット3が室内空間7と適正な容量の熱交換を行うために、配管5を流れる熱媒体の流量が、ポンプ31および熱媒体流量調整装置34によって制御される。しかし、熱媒体が配管5を流れる際に、配管5の内径が小さすぎると、配管5を流れる熱媒体の流速が過大となる。熱媒体が、例えば、2m/sを上回る流速で配管5内を継続的に流れると、配管5の内部に形成された酸化皮膜が剥離され、配管腐食が引き起こされる可能性がある。また、熱媒体が配管5を流れる際に、配管5の内径が大きすぎると、配管5を流れる熱媒体の流速が過小となる。熱媒体が、例えば、0.5m/sを下回る流速で配管5内を継続的に流れると、配管5の内部に熱媒体循環回路B中に存在する腐食性生物が堆積し、配管腐食が引き起こされる可能性がある。
本実施の形態で説明した第1熱媒体流路切替装置32及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置33は、三方弁等の三方流路を切り替えられるもの、開閉弁等の二方流路の開閉を行なうものを2つ組み合わせる等、流路を切り替えられるものであればよい。また、ステッピングモーター駆動式の混合弁等の三方流路の流量を変化させられるもの、電子式膨張弁等の二方流路の流量を変化させられるものを2つ組み合わせる等して第1熱媒体流路切替装置32及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置33として用いてもよい。この場合は、流路の突然の開閉で生じるウォーターハンマーを防ぐこともできる。さらに、本実施の形態では、熱媒体流量調整装置34が二方弁である場合を例に説明を行なったが、三方流路を持つ制御弁とし利用側熱交換器35をバイパスするバイパス管と共に設置するようにしてもよい。
Claims (6)
- 圧縮機と、熱源側熱交換器と、絞り装置と、冷媒と熱媒体との熱交換を行う熱媒体間熱交換器の冷媒側流路と、を冷媒配管で接続して、前記冷媒を循環させる冷媒循環回路と、
ポンプと、利用側熱交換器と、前記熱媒体間熱交換器の熱媒体側流路と、を熱媒体搬送配管で接続して、前記熱媒体を循環させる熱媒体循環回路と、
を備え、
前記熱媒体間熱交換器は、複数であり、
前記複数の熱媒体間熱交換器は、全ての前記熱媒体間熱交換器が凝縮器として作用する全暖房運転モードと、全ての前記熱媒体間熱交換器が蒸発器として作用する全冷房運転モードと、一部の前記熱媒体間熱交換器が凝縮器として作用し、一部の前記熱媒体間熱交換器が蒸発器として作用する冷房暖房運転混在運転モードと、で運転され、
前記熱媒体搬送配管の内径は、該熱媒体搬送配管が接続される前記利用側熱交換器の容量に基づいて設定された、
ことを特徴とする空気調和装置。 - 前記熱媒体搬送配管の内径は、更に、該熱媒体搬送配管が接続される前記利用側熱交換器が冷房運転する際に適正となる内径の範囲と、該熱媒体搬送配管が接続される前記利用側熱交換器が暖房運転する際に適正となる内径の範囲と、の両方に含まれる値に設定された、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記適正となる内径の範囲の下限は、該熱媒体搬送配管を流れる前記熱媒体の流速が、酸化被膜が剥離されない流速になる、値であり、
前記適正となる内径の範囲の上限は、該熱媒体搬送配管を流れる前記熱媒体の流速が、腐食性生物が堆積しない流速になる、値である、
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記冷媒は、単一冷媒、擬似共沸混合冷媒、非共沸混合冷媒、自然冷媒、又は、超臨界となる冷媒である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記熱媒体は、不凍液、水、不凍液と水の混合液、又は、水と防食添加剤の混合液である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 圧縮機と、熱源側熱交換器と、絞り装置と、冷媒と熱媒体との熱交換を行う熱媒体間熱交換器の冷媒側流路と、を冷媒配管で接続して、前記冷媒を循環させる冷媒循環回路と、ポンプと、利用側熱交換器と、前記熱媒体間熱交換器の熱媒体側流路と、を熱媒体搬送配管で接続して、前記熱媒体を循環させる熱媒体循環回路と、を備えた空気調和装置の設計方法であって、
前記熱媒体間熱交換器は、複数であり、
前記複数の熱媒体間熱交換器は、全ての前記熱媒体間熱交換器が凝縮器として作用する全暖房運転モードと、全ての前記熱媒体間熱交換器が蒸発器として作用する全冷房運転モードと、一部の前記熱媒体間熱交換器が凝縮器として作用し、一部の前記熱媒体間熱交換器が蒸発器として作用する冷房暖房運転混在運転モードと、で運転され、
前記利用側熱交換器の容量を取得するステップと、
前記利用側熱交換器の容量に基づいて、該利用側熱交換器に接続される前記熱媒体搬送配管の内径を設定するステップと、
を有することを特徴とする空気調和装置の設計方法。
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- 2012-11-30 CN CN201280077230.7A patent/CN104797887A/zh active Pending
- 2012-11-30 US US14/441,534 patent/US9746193B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-11-30 JP JP2014549726A patent/JP5972397B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPWO2018101439A1 (ja) * | 2016-11-30 | 2019-10-24 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 配管径の決定方法、配管径の決定装置、および冷凍装置 |
| WO2020065924A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-02 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
| JPWO2020066014A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-03-11 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和機 |
| GB2593978A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-10-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Air-conditioning Apparatus |
| GB2593978B (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2022-05-25 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Air-conditioning Apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104797887A (zh) | 2015-07-22 |
| JP5972397B2 (ja) | 2016-08-17 |
| EP2927610B1 (en) | 2021-01-27 |
| EP2927610A4 (en) | 2016-08-17 |
| JPWO2014083679A1 (ja) | 2017-01-05 |
| US9746193B2 (en) | 2017-08-29 |
| EP2927610A1 (en) | 2015-10-07 |
| US20150292758A1 (en) | 2015-10-15 |
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