WO2014069234A1 - 処理システム及び処理装置 - Google Patents
処理システム及び処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014069234A1 WO2014069234A1 PCT/JP2013/078000 JP2013078000W WO2014069234A1 WO 2014069234 A1 WO2014069234 A1 WO 2014069234A1 JP 2013078000 W JP2013078000 W JP 2013078000W WO 2014069234 A1 WO2014069234 A1 WO 2014069234A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/62—Processes with separate withdrawal of the distillation products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/40—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by heating to effect chemical change, e.g. pyrolysis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
- C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
- C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
- F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/003—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for used articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/35—Asbestos
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/158—Screws
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/094—Char
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0973—Water
- C10J2300/0976—Water as steam
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1246—Heating the gasifier by external or indirect heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/06—Continuous processes
- C10J3/10—Continuous processes using external heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
- F23G2205/121—Screw conveyor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/70—Incinerating particular products or waste
- F23G2900/7005—Incinerating used asbestos
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/70—Incinerating particular products or waste
- F23G2900/7008—Incinerating remains of building materials after demolishing, e.g. fibreglass asphalt shingles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/10—Arrangements for using waste heat
- F27D17/102—Arrangements for using waste heat including pyrolising the waste gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/10—Arrangements for using waste heat
- F27D17/15—Arrangements for using waste heat using boilers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a treatment system and a treatment apparatus, and more specifically to a treatment system and a treatment apparatus for combustible wood / plastic, paper, fiber, etc., and more specifically, for example, asbestos.
- the present invention relates to a self-combustion processing system and a processing apparatus for detoxifying the waste containing the waste.
- rubble mainly wood-based due to the collapse of houses or driftwood, various plastic-based materials, and paper / fiber-based materials.
- the amount of rubble is enormous, and the processing work is It is difficult.
- the present inventors have made asbestos-adhesive plastics such as spraying materials and plastic waste generated during the removal work melted and detoxified in a relatively low temperature region using an asbestos melting agent. Has demonstrated that it can be converted into a combustible gas by thermal decomposition (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-308771).
- the present invention has been made in view of the present situation, and is based on the technique of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-308771. Further improvement is made to this, and even a waste containing asbestos-containing waste can be easily treated. Will contribute to reconstruction and future disaster countermeasures.
- asbestos low temperature detoxification treatment technology of Patent Document 1 is combined with biomass treatment and recycling technology, and established as a new system capable of energy self-sufficiency treatment even when operating in disaster areas. This system will be installed at the earthquake debris disposal site or final disposal site, and will contribute to the recovery from disasters.
- the first aspect of the present invention is a self-combustion processing recycling system for waste recycling, which includes a pulverizer, a carbonization furnace, and a gasification furnace, and inputs the pulverized material from the pulverizer to the carbonization furnace.
- This is combusted to obtain combustion exhaust gas and carbide, and then the carbide is introduced into the gasification furnace, and further steam is introduced into the gasification furnace, and the heat of the combustion exhaust gas is brought into contact with the carbide and steam. It is characterized by obtaining combustible product gas.
- the obtained product gas is used for power generation.
- an asbestos melting agent is mixed in the pulverizer, and an alkaline compound (usually an alkaline compound) is preferably used as the asbestos melting agent.
- the obtained product gas is a so-called water gas, and its components are mainly a mixture of H 2 , CO, and CO 2 .
- this water gas is burned and, for example, a generator engine or a fuel cell is operated to obtain electricity, and a part of the water gas is sent to each process of the system for recycling or power sale.
- the remaining heat of the combustion exhaust gas can be used as various heat sources.
- the second aspect of the present invention is a waste self-combustion processing and recycling apparatus comprising a pulverizer, a carbonization furnace, and a gasification furnace.
- the pulverizer includes a wood system, a plastic system, paper, a fiber system, and the like.
- the carbonization furnace has a cylindrical structure, the upper part is a gas combustion part, the middle part and the lower part are combustion parts and refining parts, the bottom part is a carbide discharge part, and a pulverized waste inlet , Equipped with an air inlet to each combustion section, a combustion exhaust gas discharge port, and an ignition burner,
- the gasification furnace has a double-cylinder structure, a reaction furnace for decomposing carbide at the center, and a reaction furnace with combustion exhaust gas around A reaction furnace heating section, the reaction furnace is provided with a carbide inlet obtained in the carbonization furnace, a steam inlet, and further provided with a product gas outlet and a slag outlet, the combustion
- the exhaust gas circuit has a combustion exhaust gas inlet and outlet.
- Such a pulverizer should pulverize inputs mainly consisting of biomass, plastic, paper, and fiber to approximately 30 mm or less (length), and if asbestos is present in the waste, asbestos melts. It is preferable to add the agent and pulverize and mix.
- the refining section of the carbonization furnace is provided with a heat storage mass standing upright in a cylindrical shape, and has a structure in which the carbide falls between the outer surface of the heat storage mass and the inner surface of the furnace tube, and carbonizes only by combustion heat.
- the present invention is a system in which a pulverizer, a carbonization furnace, and a gasification furnace are sequentially combined, so that even waste containing asbestos can be reliably treated. And depending on the method of use, a self-fuel self-sufficiency system using biomass-producing gas and plastic decomposition gas has become possible, and water gas can be obtained by this treatment. This makes it possible to recycle heat and to recycle slag. For example, the generated gas can be used to move the power generation device, thereby providing a power source for each process of the present system.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the entire system of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the carbonization furnace.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the gasification furnace.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing another example of the carbonization furnace.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the entire system of the present invention.
- 1 is a pulverizer
- 2 is a carbonization furnace
- 3 is a gasification furnace
- waste is charged into the pulverizer 1 (arrow A)
- the resulting pulverized material is charged into the carbonization furnace 2 (arrow B).
- carbonized_material is thrown into the gasification furnace 3 (arrow D), and the water vapor
- the combustion exhaust gas 5 is introduced into the gasification furnace 3 as a reaction heat source under the contact of the carbide and water vapor (arrow F), and is gasified mainly by an endothermic reaction.
- Reference numeral 11 is a steam boiler, and 12 is a heat exchanger.
- the obtained product gas 8 is taken out from the gasification furnace 3 and is used for, for example, power generation described later (arrow G).
- the combustion exhaust gas 5 is then discharged from the gasification furnace, the remaining heat is used as various heat sources (arrow H), and further, the resources are reused from the slag 10 discharged from the gasification furnace 3 ( Arrow I).
- FIG. 1 is a crushing cutter disposed in the waste crusher 1
- 22 is a discharge screw
- 23 is a transfer screw disposed obliquely in conjunction therewith.
- the method for discharging and transferring the pulverized mixture can be selected as appropriate, but the screw method is preferable in consideration of hermeticity.
- the pulverized material is mainly unused biomass such as demolition waste wood such as houses crushed to 30 mm or less, thinned wood, root removal, driftwood, withering, other wood chips, etc. Along with this, various plastic waste materials, paper materials, fiber materials, and the like can be similarly introduced.
- This system performs carbonization with a heat source by self-combustion, and the input chip is carbonized in about 20 to 25 minutes and automatically discharged.
- a melting agent for example, an alkali compound such as an alkaline compound
- a melting agent for example, an alkali compound such as an alkaline compound
- FIG. 2 shows a basic structure of a self-combustion type (downflow-type continuous) carbonization furnace that is a feature of the present invention, that is, a carbonization furnace 2 that performs carbonization by self-combustion heat (partial oxidation reaction heat).
- the carbonization furnace 2 is covered with a suitable refractory heat insulating material.
- Reference numeral 31 denotes the inside of the cylinder of the carbonization furnace 2, where the upper part is a combustion part of the generated gas, the middle part is a combustion part of the pulverized product, and the lower part is a refinement part.
- 32 is an inlet for the pulverized mixture obtained by the waste crusher 1, and 33 and 34 are air inlets.
- the pulverized mixture charged into the cylindrical interior 31 of the carbonization furnace 2 is ignited by an ignition burner (not shown) at the start of operation, and thereafter combustion is continued by air (oxygen) introduced from the air inlets 33 and 34.
- air oxygen
- the pulverized material is combusted by the air from the air inlet 33, and the generated gas rises and is further completely burned by the air from the air inlet 34. That is, the combustible gas emitted from the pulverized product is completely combusted in the combustion section to become combustion exhaust gas, which is led to the next gasification furnace 3 through the pipe 36 as a heat source.
- the carbonized material flows down along the outer side surface of the cylindrical heat storage mass 37 and the side wall of the interior 31 of the carbonization furnace 2, and is carbonized under oxygen-free in the refining part at the lower part of the carbonization furnace 2.
- the turntable 38 provided at the bottom rotates to move to the discharge portion and is discharged by the discharge screw 39.
- the screw method is desirable for charging and discharging into the carbonization furnace 2.
- the temperature in the carbonization furnace 2 is about 950 ⁇ 50 ° C.
- FIG. 3 shows the basic structure of the gasification furnace 3. Also in this figure, the description similar to a refractory heat insulating material is abbreviate
- a cylindrical reaction furnace 40 is arranged at the center, and a heat source chamber 41 (reaction furnace heating section) is arranged around the gasification furnace.
- the reaction furnace 40 is provided with an inlet 43 for introducing the carbide obtained in the carbonization furnace 2, a gasified product gas outlet 44, and a screw 45 for discharging the slag 10.
- a steam inlet 46 is provided for introducing steam necessary for generating gas by contacting with the introduced carbide.
- the heat source chamber 41 is provided with a heat source inlet 47 for introducing combustion exhaust gas (heat source) from the carbonization furnace 2, and is connected to the pipe 36.
- emitting the heat source gas provided to gasification is provided.
- the carbide obtained in the carbonization furnace 2 is put into the reaction furnace 40 and similarly brought into contact with the steam introduced into the reaction furnace 40.
- the gasification reaction is brought about with the energy of the combustion exhaust gas.
- Pyrolysis gasification is performed in the reaction furnace 40 to generate a so-called water gas (H 2 , CO, CO 2 ), which is taken out from the product gas outlet 44, for example, for power generation Will be served.
- the temperature of the gasifier 3 is around 850 ° C.
- Water vapor is introduced into the gasification furnace 3 as a gasifying agent, and contact reaction with carbide (carbon) is performed to obtain a gas rich in hydrogen.
- carbide carbon
- the gasification reaction as an example, C + H 2 O ⁇ H 2 + CO is obtained by the endothermic reaction, and H 2 O + CO ⁇ H 2 + CO 2 is obtained by the shift reaction. 2: 60%, CO: 20 %, CO 2: 20% of the water gas is obtained efficiently.
- the raw material if it is charcoal after carbonization from which volatile components and heavy oil components have been skipped, it is possible to take a high quality product gas that does not contain tar components.
- the obtained electricity can be used as it is as necessary power energy in each step of the present invention, and can be operated as a self-contained processing facility.
- water gas Used as heat source for gasification reaction. If the flow of water gas is shown here, it will be converted into biomass-> charcoal-> pyrolysis gasification (heat source)-> water gas, and this will preferably be-> power generation-> electric energy for each process.
- the combustion exhaust gas from the carbonization furnace used as a heat source for gasification is taken out from the discharge port 48, and then used as various heat sources using this residual heat, and finally through a cooling device, a bag filter, etc. Released into the atmosphere.
- carbide residue is taken out as slag and used for recycling.
- Asbestos may be in the form of powder, semi-feed, or slurry, and is heat-treated at about 800 ° C.
- asbestos can be reliably decomposed and detoxified by causing disappearance of the fiber form of asbestos, collapse of the crystal structure, and the like.
- the melting agent include calcium fluoride, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.
- the carbonization furnace shown in FIG. 2 can be further modified depending on the purpose. That is, in the carbonization furnace shown in FIG. 2, the volume of the obtained carbide is relatively large, because all the combustion soot that is inappropriate as the carbide is taken out together with the carbide. For this reason, there existed a problem that the volume of the gasification furnace 3 of the next process became larger than necessary.
- the asbestos is detoxified by adding a melting agent to the waste, but this detoxified product is also taken out together with the carbide.
- the carbonization furnace 2 can be divided into an upper furnace 2A (combustion exhaust gas generation part) and a lower furnace 2B (carbide generation part) as illustrated in FIG.
- the carbonizing furnace 2 may have a double structure instead of the two-stage structure of the upper furnace 2A and the lower furnace 2B.
- plastic waste mainly containing gas generation (pulverized mixture), and asbestos waste and melting agent if necessary are put into the lower furnace 2B. Is for separating and charging wood waste, paper-based and fiber-based waste (ground mixture) (lower carbonization furnace input waste 1b) suitable for becoming a carbide.
- the carbide obtained from the lower furnace 2B has a smaller volume than the carbide obtained in the carbonization furnace 2 shown in FIG. 2, and is directly introduced to the gasification furnace 3 in the next step.
- combustion residues that are not used in the gasification furnace 3 are taken out from the upper furnace 2A. Since this is taken out separately from the carbide, the volume of the carbide taken out from the lower furnace 2B is reduced by the amount of the residue taken out from the upper furnace 2A than the carbide obtained in the carbonizing furnace 2 shown in FIG. .
- 32A is a plastic / asbestos-based pulverized mixture inlet
- 32B is a wood chip / god-based / fiber-based pulverized mixture inlet
- an arbitrary stirring device 50 may be provided in the upper furnace 2A.
- 51 is a bottom plate and 52 is a combustion residue outlet.
- a heat supply path 53 for supplying heat from the lower furnace 2B to the upper furnace 2A is formed outside the upper furnace 2A so as to rise from the bottom plate 51.
- the heat generated by the partial combustion of the wood chip, the god system, and the fiber system pulverized mixture in the lower furnace 2B is transferred to the inside of the upper furnace 2A through the plate 51 and the heat supply path 53, and the plastic system in the upper furnace 2A ⁇ Helps pyrolysis of asbestos-based pulverized mixture.
- 54 is a carbide outlet, and the carbide taken out from the carbide outlet 54 is guided to the gasification furnace 3 of the next step.
- the upper furnace 2A decomposes all tar components at 1000 ° C. or higher due to secondary combustion heat and the like, and the asbestos waste is completely detoxified.
- the cylindrical reaction furnace 40 of the gasification furnace 3 has a small diameter, The reaction heat is about 750 to 850 ° C., and water gas can be sufficiently generated.
- the present invention provides a waste self-combustion treatment system and a treatment apparatus for the waste, and more easily treats wastes mixed with wood, plastic, or paper and fiber, and obtained at this time. Heat and gas can be reused. Therefore, it can be used for the treatment of rubble caused by unfortunate earthquake disasters, as well as widely used for treatment in other places, for example, treatment of driftwood by typhoon, etc., and its utilization range is wide.
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Abstract
Description
図1は本発明のシステム全体を示す図である。図中、1は粉砕機、2は炭化炉、3はガス化炉であり、廃棄物が粉砕機1に投入され(矢印A)、得られた粉砕物が炭化炉2に投入され(矢印B)、炭化炉2内に空気を導入して(矢印C)燃焼排ガス5と炭化物を得る。そしてこの炭化物はガス化炉3に投入され(矢印D)、かつ水蒸気7がガス化炉3に投入される(矢印E)。そして、炭化物と水蒸気の接触下に、反応熱源としてガス化炉3に燃焼排ガス5が導入され(矢印F)、主として吸熱反応によってガス化される。符号11は蒸気ボイラー、12は熱交換器である。
一方、燃焼排ガス5はその後ガス化炉から排出され、その余熱を各種の熱源として利用され(矢印H)、更には、ガス化炉3から排出されるスラグ10からは資源再利用が図られる(矢印I)。
図1にあって、21は廃棄物粉砕機1中に配置した粉砕カッター、22は排出スクリュー、23はこれに連動する斜めに配置された移送スクリューである。粉砕混合物の排出・移送方式は適宜選択できるが、密閉性を考慮するとスクリュー方式がよい。
この際、廃材中に飛散性或いは非飛散性アスベストが存在することもあるが、本発明にあっては、融解剤(例えばアルカリ系化合物等のアルカリ化合物)をこれらとともに投入し、これによってアスベストは減容固化非飛散処理され安全・安定な性状に溶融無害化してしまうこととなる。
図2は、本発明の特徴である自燃式(流下式連続)炭化炉、即ち自己燃焼熱(部分酸化反応熱)により炭化を行う炭化炉2の基本構造を示す。炭化炉2は図示はしないが適当な耐火断熱材にて覆われている。符号31は炭化炉2の円筒内部であり、上部が発生したガスの燃焼部、中部が粉砕物の燃焼部、下部が精錬部である。32は廃棄物粉砕機1にて得られた粉砕混合物の投入口であり、33、34は空気の導入口である。
図3にガス化炉3の基本構造を示す。この図でも図2と同様に耐火断熱材に類する記載は省略している。さて、ガス化炉3は円筒状の反応炉40を中央に配置し、この周囲に熱源室41(反応炉加熱部)が配置されている。反応炉40は炭化炉2にて得られた炭化物を投入するための投入口43と、ガス化された生成ガスの取り出し口44と、スラグ10の排出のためのスクリュー45が備えられる。そして、投入された炭化物と接触させてガスを生成するに必要な蒸気を導入するための蒸気導入口46が備えられている。
本発明は、ガス化剤として水蒸気をガス化炉3内に導入し、炭化物(炭素)と接触反応させて水素を豊富に含んだガスを得るものである。ガス化の反応を例に取れば、吸熱反応によってC+H2O→H2+CO、シフト反応によってH2O+CO→H2+CO2が得られ、実機テストにあっては、H2:60%、CO:20%、CO2:20%の水性ガスが効率よく得られた。
アスベストを無害化するには、できる限り低温でアスベストを融解させる融解剤を見つけ出すことであり、アルカリ化合物に着目してこれを融解剤としたものである。アスベストは、粉末状、半ナマ状、スラリー状のいずれの形態のものでもよく、800℃程度で加熱処理してなるものである。これによって、アスベストを確実に分解することができ、アスベストの繊維形態の消滅、結晶構造の崩壊等を引き起こして無害化されるものである。融解剤としては、たとえばフッ化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、酸化カルシウム、珪酸ナトリウム、水酸化ナトリウム等、およびこれらの組み合わせが挙げられる。
図2に示す炭化炉は、目的によっては更に変更が可能である。即ち、図2に示す炭化炉においては、得られる炭化物の容量が比較的大きいが、これは、炭化物として不適当な燃焼滓が全て炭化物と一体となって取り出されるからである。このため、次工程のガス化炉3のボリュームが必要以上に大きくなるという問題があった。
下炉2Bにあって、54は炭化物取出口であり、この炭化物取出口54から取り出された炭化物が、次工程のガス化炉3に導かれる。
以上、本発明のシステム及びその装置について説明したが、システム全体を一つの処理装置として一体に設置することがよいが、これらを車載型、即ちトレーラーやコンテナ等に納めて移動可能な装置とすることも可能であり、自燃型・エネルギー自給型という特徴を生かし、国内外での被災地等での瓦礫処理・電力供給設備として貢献できることとなる。
従って、不幸にもおきた地震災害による瓦礫の処理に供されることは勿論、他の場所での処理、例えば台風による流木の処理等に広く利用可能であり、その利用範囲は広い。
1a 上炭化炉投入廃棄物
1b 下炭化炉投入廃棄物
2 炭化炉
2A 上炉
2B 下炉
3 ガス化炉
7 水蒸気
8 ガス化
11 蒸気ボイラー
12 熱交換器
21 粉砕カッター
22 排出スクリュー
23 移送スクリュー
30 耐火断熱材
31 炭化炉の円筒内部
32 粉砕混合物の投入口
32A プラスチック系・アスベスト系粉砕混合物投入口
32B 木屑・神系・繊維系粉砕混合物投入口
33、34 空気の導入口
35 着火バーナー
36 熱源配管
37 円柱状の焼玉
38 ターンテーブル
39 排出スクリュー
40 円筒状の反応炉
41 熱源室
43 炭化物投入口
44 生成ガス取り出し口
45 スラグ排出スクリュー
46 蒸気導入口
47 熱源導入口
48 熱源ガス排出口
50 攪拌装置
51 上炉の底プレート
52 燃焼残渣の取出口
53 熱供給路
54 スラグ取出口
A 廃棄物の投入
B 粉砕混合物の投入
C 空気の導入
D 炭化物の投入
E 水蒸気の投入
F 燃焼ガスの導入
G 発電等への利用
H 燃焼ガスの利用
I スラグの資源再利用
Claims (12)
- 投入物を粉砕して粉砕物とする粉砕機と、
前記粉砕機からの粉砕物を燃焼させて燃焼排ガスと炭化物とを生成させる炭化炉と、
前記炭化炉で生成した炭化物と水蒸気とを、前記炭化炉で生成した燃焼排ガスによる加熱下で接触、反応させて燃焼可能な生成ガスを生成させるガス化炉と、
を備える処理システム。 - 前記粉砕物中にアスベストが含まれている場合は、前記粉砕物にアスベスト融解剤を混入して前記炭化炉に投入する請求項1に記載の処理システム。
- 得られた生成ガスは、H2、CO、CO2を主とする混合物である請求項1記載の処理システム。
- 得られた生成ガスの少なくとも一部を発電に供する請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の処理システム。
- 得られた電気の少なくとも一部は本システムの各工程へ循環利用される請求項1記載の処理システム。
- 燃焼排ガスの余熱を各種熱源として利用する請求項1記載の処理システム。
- 投入物を粉砕して粉砕物とする粉砕機と、
前記粉砕物を燃焼させて燃焼排ガスと炭化物とを生成させる炭化炉と、
前記炭化炉で生成した燃焼排ガスによる加熱下で、前記炭化炉で生成した炭化物を水蒸気と反応させて燃焼可能な生成ガスとするガス化炉と、
を備える処理装置。 - 前記炭化炉は、
前記粉砕機からの粉砕物が投入されて燃焼される燃焼部と、
前記燃焼部よりも上方に位置し、前記燃焼部において前記粉砕物が燃焼して生成したガスを燃焼させて燃焼排ガスとするガス燃焼部と、
前記燃焼部の下方に位置し、および前記燃焼部において前記粉砕物が燃焼して生成した炭化物を更に炭化させる精錬部と、
を備え、
前記ガス化炉は、
前記炭化炉で生成した炭化物が投入され、水蒸気とともに分解されて生成ガスとされる反応炉と、
前記反応炉に水蒸気を導入する蒸気導入口と、
前記炭化炉で生成した燃焼排ガスが導入されることにより、前記反応炉を加熱する反応炉加熱部と、
前記反応炉で生成した生成ガスを取り出す生成ガス取出口と、
を備える請求項7に記載の処理装置。 - 前記粉砕機においては、投入物をほぼ30mm(長さ)程度に粉砕する請求項7または8に記載の処理装置。
- 前記粉砕機においては、投入物中にアスベストが存在する場合には、アスベスト融解剤を投入して粉砕する請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の廃棄物の処理装置。
- 前記炭化炉の精錬部は、筒形内に直立する蓄熱塊を備え、前記蓄熱塊の外側面と炉筒の内側面間に炭化物が落下する構造とした請求項7~10のいずれか1に記載の処理装置。
- 前記炭化炉は、
木質系、紙系、および繊維系の少なくとも1種の廃棄物が投入されて炭化物を生成させる炭化物生成部と、
前記炭化物生成部の上方に隣接し、前記炭化物生成部において炭化物生成時に生じた熱が伝達されるように形成されているとともに、プラスチック系廃棄物、アスベスト系廃棄物、および融解剤のうちの少なくとも1つが投入されて燃焼排ガスを発生させる燃焼排ガス発生部と、
を有する請求項7に記載の処理装置。
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| JP2018002808A (ja) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-11 | 飯嶋 志津恵 | 炭化物製造装置、炭化物製造方法、および炭化物製造システム |
| WO2021234918A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-21 | 2021-11-25 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | 廃棄物処理システム |
| JPWO2021234918A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-21 | 2021-11-25 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2915600A1 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
| JP2019089065A (ja) | 2019-06-13 |
| JP6719066B2 (ja) | 2020-07-08 |
| JPWO2014069234A1 (ja) | 2016-09-08 |
| EP2915600B1 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
| JP6550567B2 (ja) | 2019-07-31 |
| EP2915600A4 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
| US9878192B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 |
| US20150151153A1 (en) | 2015-06-04 |
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