WO2014060579A1 - Rechargeable battery cell, and battery module - Google Patents
Rechargeable battery cell, and battery module Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014060579A1 WO2014060579A1 PCT/EP2013/071839 EP2013071839W WO2014060579A1 WO 2014060579 A1 WO2014060579 A1 WO 2014060579A1 EP 2013071839 W EP2013071839 W EP 2013071839W WO 2014060579 A1 WO2014060579 A1 WO 2014060579A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- battery cell
- rechargeable battery
- housing part
- housing
- flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0468—Compression means for stacks of electrodes and separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/121—Organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0486—Frames for plates or membranes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/117—Inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/122—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
- H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the invention relates to a rechargeable battery cell having a housing, in which a first and a second electrode are arranged, wherein the housing has at least a first and at least a second housing part and the first and the second housing part are each made of plastic, and a battery module.
- accumulators are found in all areas of technology. In the automotive industry, such accumulators are used for alternative drive systems, with high demands on performance, reliability and maintenance of the accumulators used in this area. In particular, the size and weight of such high capacity accumulators are a significant factor in their efficiency in automotive applications.
- Battery cells of the type mentioned can be removed, for example, WO 2012/025505 AI, DE 10 2010 013 028 AI or DE 10 2010 041 285 AI.
- the second housing part has a flow device for an electrolyte liquid.
- the electrolyte liquid which serves for reactant transport within the battery cell, is supplied from the outside. On the one hand it supplies the active material of the electrodes with the reactant, on the other hand it simultaneously serves to cool the battery cell according to the invention by dissipating the heat generated during the reaction. Therefore, no separate cooling circuit is needed. In this way, a particularly slim design of the battery cell according to the invention is achieved.
- the flow device has at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening for the electrolyte liquid, wherein the inlet opening and the outlet opening communicate with one another via at least one flow channel.
- the inlet opening and the outlet opening are each designed as openings penetrating the entire battery cell.
- the longitudinal axes of the openings are arranged substantially normal to the longitudinal axis of the battery cell. These openings are connected to the at least one flow channel as described above. It is particularly preferred that a plurality of flow channels is provided, wherein the flow channels are preferably arranged parallel to each other in order to obtain a uniform flow.
- the uniform flow of the electrolyte liquid within the battery cell is further improved in that the flow channels communicate with the at least one inlet opening via a first liquid reservoir, the flow cross section of the first liquid reservoir having a multiple of the flow cross section of the flow channels.
- the flow channels are favorably connected to the at least one outlet opening via a second liquid reservoir, the flow cross section of the second liquid reservoir also having a multiple of the flow cross section of the flow channels here.
- Battery cells can be connected to a battery module either serially or in parallel.
- the flow device of the battery cell according to the invention has two inlet openings and two outlet openings for the electrolyte liquid, which can be connected in series or in parallel with the inlet openings and outlet openings of at least one second battery cell, depending on the desired arrangement.
- the housing of the battery cell according to the invention has at least a first and at least one second housing part, which are each made of plastic.
- the plastic is arbitrary, but advantageously chosen so that it withstands ionic liquids - a suitable plastic would be e.g. Polyamide, others are possible. This low weight and ease of manufacture allows, and it takes place in a simple way insulation against adjacent battery cells.
- the second housing part has a receiving recess for an active material of the battery cell, while the first housing part is designed as a cover plate element for the receiving recess.
- active material here for the storage of the energy of the battery cell necessary material is referred to - in the present case, therefore, the first and second electrode.
- the second housing part has a bottom plate element and a frame element arranged on the bottom plate element, while the first housing part is designed as a cover plate element.
- Frame member and bottom plate member of the second housing part may be made in one piece or separately, wherein they are connected to each other in the second case by corresponding known connection methods.
- Frame member and bottom plate member then form the above-described receiving recess for the active material.
- the cover plate member is arranged on the side opposite the bottom plate member side of the frame member. As described above, the lid plate member functions as a lid for the receiving recess.
- the plastic fiber-reinforced in particular made with glass fiber offset, in order to achieve an improved rigidity of the housing, without substantially increasing the low weight achieved by the use of plastic.
- the use of plastic has the advantage already mentioned above that the insulation required for the housings made of metal, which are usually used, is not required for voltage flashovers, for example to adjacent battery cells.
- a cost-effective production of the battery cell according to the invention in particular in large quantities is given if the first and the second housing part are made by injection molding or thermoforming, and the two housing parts are preferably connected by gluing, plastic laser welding or friction welding.
- the housing at least one positioning, wherein the at least one positioning device is arranged in a region of the battery cell, which in arrangement of the Battery cell facing in a battery module of an adjacent battery cell.
- the housing has a plurality of positioning devices, which are preferably arranged on opposite sides of the housing.
- the at least one positioning device is designed as a positioning pin or as a positioning pin.
- a positioning pin is arranged on the housing, for example on the first housing part, while a correspondingly dimensioned positioning pin receptacle is provided on the second housing part. If now two battery cells are plugged together, then the positioning pin of the first battery cell is arranged in the positioning pin receptacle of the second battery cell. If, in particular, two such positioning devices are provided on each housing part, then the two battery cells are fixed relative to one another in their position. It is particularly preferred in this case that the position devices are manufactured in one piece with the housing or the respective housing parts. A particularly slim and simple construction of the battery cell is achieved if the flow device and the second housing part are made in one piece, in particular made of plastic.
- the flow device is embodied at the bottom of the receiving recess described above or on the base plate element described above.
- flow device and bottom plate element of the second housing part are manufactured in one piece.
- the structure according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in lithium-air batteries.
- the first electrode is made, for example, of a porous material, such as e.g. Graphite wetted by the electrolyte fluid.
- the second electrode for example, metallic lithium is used.
- a battery module having at least two battery cells according to the invention.
- Battery cells can be connected to a battery module either serially or in parallel.
- the flow device of the battery cell according to the invention has two inlet openings and two outlet openings for the electrolyte liquid, which can be connected in series or in parallel with the inlet openings and outlet openings of at least one second battery cell, depending on the desired arrangement.
- an inlet opening for the electrolyte liquid of the first battery cell is in fluid-tight connection with an inlet opening of at least one second adjacent battery cell and an outlet opening of the first battery cell with an outlet opening of at least one adjacent second battery cell.
- in the region of the inlet openings and in the region of the outlet openings provided sealing grooves for receiving sealant, in particular soft-material seals.
- the battery module according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in drive systems of motor vehicles due to its low weight, its slim design and high reliability.
- the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a non-limiting exemplary embodiment with associated figures. Herein shows
- FIG. 2 shows the second housing part of the battery cell from FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 shows the second housing part from FIG. 2 with the active material
- Figs. 4a, 4b a partial cross-sectional view of the battery cell of FIG. 1,
- Fig. 5 is an exploded view of another embodiment of
- Fig. 6 shows two battery cells in serial circuit
- FIG. 7 shows a battery module according to the invention.
- Fig. 1 shows an exploded view of the construction of the battery cell 100 according to the invention. It has a first housing part 10, which is designed as a cover plate element, that is essentially flat.
- the first housing part has a cell pole 13, for example made of copper, and is provided on the inside of the battery cell 100 facing inside with a consisting of sponge-like material compression element 30 (Figs 4a, 4b), which in the assembled state of the battery cell 100, the active material 40 of Battery cell 100, in the present example, a graphite electrode as a first electrode 41 and metallic lithium as a second electrode 42 (see FIGS. 4a and 4b), pressed against the flow device described below in the second housing part 20.
- This compression element 30 also serves to compensate for differences in expansion of the active material 40 during the charging or discharging phases.
- a second housing part 20 is provided.
- the second housing part 20 has a receiving recess for the active material 40 of the battery cell 100, wherein this receiving recess is formed in the illustrated embodiment, characterized in that the second housing part 20 has a bottom plate member 21 and a frame member 22.
- Frame member 22 and bottom plate member 21 may be made in one piece or - as shown in this example - separately.
- the bottom plate element 21 is then arranged on one side of the frame element 22 and the first housing part 10 as a cover plate element on the other side of the frame element 22nd
- the housing parts 10, 21, 22 are made of plastic, wherein the plastic is preferably fiber-reinforced, in particular offset with glass fiber, is executed.
- the housing can be made easily and resistant, and it can er- rehearsed and cost-effective manufacturing processes such as injection molding or thermoforming are used.
- the second housing part 20 has a flow device for electrolyte liquid with two inlet openings 23 and two outlet openings 24 which communicate with each other via flow channels 25 extending parallel to one another (not visible in FIG. 1).
- the flow device is embodied in one piece with the bottom plate element 21 or is located at the bottom of the receiving recess for the active material 40 formed by the frame element 22 and bottom plate element 21.
- the supply of the electrolyte liquid to the flow channels 25 takes place via a first liquid reservoir 26 due to its much larger flow cross-section with respect to the flow cross-section of the flow channels 25, a uniform flow through the flow channels 25 and thus a uniform wetting of the disposed in the immediate vicinity of the flow channels 25 active material 40 (see, for example, Fig. 3) guaranteed.
- the resulting heat of reaction can be dissipated, so that no additional cooling system is to be provided.
- a second liquid reservoir 26 ' is provided, through which the flow channels 25 communicate with the outlet opening or the outlet openings 24.
- the flow cross section of the second liquid reservoir 26 ' also has a multiple of the flow cross section of the flow channels 25.
- the Fig. 3 shows the second housing part 20, on the flow device of which the active material 40 is arranged.
- the active material 40 is in this case encompassed by a frame, not shown, which is in electrically conductive connection with the active material 40 and has the cell pole 13, which serves for current collection.
- positioning devices 51, 52 are provided, which are formed in the illustrated embodiment as positioning pins 51, 51 'and positioning pins 52, 52'.
- adjacent battery cells 100, 100 ' are fixed in a rotationally fixed manner relative to each other. Accordingly, the positioning devices 51, 51 ', 52, 52' are in regions of the battery cell 100 arranged, which face in arrangement of the battery cell 100 in a battery module 200 of an adjacent battery cell 100 '.
- FIG. 4a and 4b the battery cell 100 according to the invention is shown schematically in cross section, FIG. 4a an upper area and FIG. 4b shows a lower area.
- electrolyte liquid (arrow A) is fed into the battery cell 100, for. B. pumped (Fig. 4a).
- the inlet opening 23 extends through the entire battery cell 100 (the longitudinal axis of the openings, which runs substantially horizontally in the illustration according to FIG. 4a), is normal to the longitudinal axis of the battery cell 100, which runs vertically as shown - for reasons of clarity, these are Axes in the figures not shown) - Electrolyte thus penetrates from the left side (left as shown in Fig.
- the electrolyte liquid flows via the first liquid reservoir 26 into the flow channels 25 and thereby wets the active material 40 of the battery cell 100.
- the active material 40 consists of a first electrode 41, which is designed as a porous graphite electrode, and a second electrode 42 made of metallic lithium. Between flow channels 25 and first electrode 41 here is a net-like structure as a current collector (see, for example, Fig. 5) is arranged, whose net-like design does not hinder the reactant supply of the electrodes 41, 42.
- the oxygen present in the porous electrode 41 reacts with lithium ions of the lithium electrode 42 in the electrolyte liquid, and oxygen is supplied as a reactant via the electrolyte liquid.
- the two electrodes 41, 42 are separated from one another by a commercially available separator (see, for example, FIG. 5), for example made of polymer material or ceramic.
- the circulating electrolyte liquid also serves to cool the battery cell 100 by dissipating heat of reaction from the battery cell 100. Due to the pumping pressure and, depending on the installation direction of the battery cell 100 and also the force of gravity, the electrolyte liquid flows via a second liquid reservoir 26 'to the outlet opening 24 and leaves the battery cell 100 in the direction of the arrow B (FIG. 4b). Again, the outlet opening 24 extends through the entire battery cell 100 - the effluent electrolyte fluid mixes that is to say with the electrolyte liquid flowing in from adjacent battery cells 100 'along the arrow B'.
- FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the battery cell 100 in the variant as a metal-air accumulator in an exploded view.
- the second housing part 20 has a bottom plate member 21 and a frame member 22.
- the bottom plate member 21 is made of plastic and has a plurality of parallel flow channels 25.
- a first current collector 41 a is arranged, which is made for example of aluminum and has a first cell pole 13.
- This first current collector 41 a is in conductive contact with the first electrode 41, a porous carbon, in particular graphite plate, which acts as a positive electrode of the battery cell 100.
- a separator 43 is arranged between the two electrodes 41, 42.
- the second electrode 42 also has a current collector 42a arranged in the region of the frame element 22 with a second cell pole 14.
- a compression element 30 is provided which is arranged between the second electrode 42 and the first housing part 10 designed as a cover plate element and serves to compensate for changes in thickness during operation of the battery cell 100.
- two battery cells 100, 100 ' are shown, which in the present example are arranged in series with one another to form a battery module 200 (see FIG. 7).
- the positioning device in the present case positioning pins 51, 51 'and corresponding positioning pin receptacles 52, 52', serve to precisely align the two battery cells 100, 100 'to one another.
- the inlet openings 23, 23 'and the outlet openings 24, 24' are in this case arranged in liquid-tight connection to each other, wherein a sealing element 27, in this case O-rings, in the corresponding inlet or. Outlet opening 23, 24 surrounding grooves are inserted, this tightness guaranteed.
- a plurality of battery cells 100, 100 ', a battery module 200 according to the invention which is used for example as a drive unit for a motor vehicle.
- the battery cells 100, 100 ' and their inlet and outlet ports 23, 23 ', 24, 24' to each other are continuous inlet and manifolds for the supply and removal of the electrolyte fluid and thus for cooling - in an emergency, by interrupting the electrolyte supply and the cell reaction can be stopped.
- the invention is not limited to the described embodiment.
- the shape and the number of housing parts can vary.
- the arrangement of the flow channels can be designed differently.
- the electrolyte does not necessarily have to be a liquid, as well as a gaseous electrolyte may be used depending on the cell type.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Wiederaufladbare Batteriezelle und Batteriemodul Rechargeable battery cell and battery module
Die Erfindung betrifft eine wiederaufladbare Batteriezelle mit einem Gehäuse, in dem eine erste und eine zweite Elektrode angeordnet sind, wobei das Gehäuse zumindest einen ersten und zumindest einen zweiten Gehäuseteil aufweist und der erste und der zweite Gehäuseteil jeweils aus Kunststoff gefertigt sind, sowie ein Batteriemodul. The invention relates to a rechargeable battery cell having a housing, in which a first and a second electrode are arranged, wherein the housing has at least a first and at least a second housing part and the first and the second housing part are each made of plastic, and a battery module.
Aufladbare Batterien, sogenannte Akkumulatoren sind in allen Bereichen der Technik anzutreffen. In der Automobilindustrie werden derartige Akkumulatoren für alternative Antriebssysteme eingesetzt, wobei in diesem Bereich hohe Anorderungen an Leistung, Betriebssicherheit und Wartung der eingesetzten Akkumulatoren gestellt werden. Insbesondere sind Größe und Gewicht derartiger Hochleistungsakkumulatoren ein wesentlicher Faktor für deren Effizienz im Einsatz in Kraftfahrzeugen. Rechargeable batteries, so-called accumulators are found in all areas of technology. In the automotive industry, such accumulators are used for alternative drive systems, with high demands on performance, reliability and maintenance of the accumulators used in this area. In particular, the size and weight of such high capacity accumulators are a significant factor in their efficiency in automotive applications.
Batteriezellen der eingangs erwähnten Art können beispielsweise der WO 2012/025505 AI, der DE 10 2010 013 028 AI oder der DE 10 2010 041 285 AI entnommen werden. Battery cells of the type mentioned can be removed, for example, WO 2012/025505 AI, DE 10 2010 013 028 AI or DE 10 2010 041 285 AI.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine wiederaufladbare Batteriezelle bereitzustellen, die ein geringes Gewicht bei gleichzeitig hoher Sicherheit gegenüber Spannungsüberschlägen in Hochspannungssystemen aufweist und zudem günstig herzustellen ist. Gleichzeitig ist für den optimalen Betrieb der Batteriezelle eine gleichmäßige Verteilung eines Elektrolyten im Inneren der Zelle und insbesondere an den Elektroden wesentlich . It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a rechargeable battery cell, which has a low weight with high security against voltage flashovers in high voltage systems and is also inexpensive to manufacture. At the same time, for the optimal operation of the battery cell, a uniform distribution of an electrolyte inside the cell and in particular at the electrodes is essential.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Batteriezelle der eingangs erwähnten Art dadurch gelöst, dass der zweite Gehäuseteil eine Strömungseinrichtung für eine Elektrolytflüssigkeit aufweist. Die Elektrolytflüssigkeit, die innerhalb der Batteriezelle dem Reaktantentransport dient, wird von außen zugeführt. Sie versorgt einerseits das Aktivmaterial der Elektroden mit dem Reaktanten, andererseits dient sie gleichzeitig der Kühlung der erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezelle, indem sie die bei der Reaktion entstehende Wärme abführt. Es wird daher kein eigener Kühlkreislauf benötigt. Auf diese Weise wird ein besonders schlanker Aufbau der erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezelle erreicht. This object is achieved by a battery cell of the type mentioned above in that the second housing part has a flow device for an electrolyte liquid. The electrolyte liquid, which serves for reactant transport within the battery cell, is supplied from the outside. On the one hand it supplies the active material of the electrodes with the reactant, on the other hand it simultaneously serves to cool the battery cell according to the invention by dissipating the heat generated during the reaction. Therefore, no separate cooling circuit is needed. In this way, a particularly slim design of the battery cell according to the invention is achieved.
Um eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Elektrolytflüssigkeit innerhalb der Batteriezelle zu erhalten, weist in einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung die Strömungseinrichtung zumindest eine Einlassöffnung sowie zumindest eine Auslassöffnung für die Elektrolytflüssigkeit auf, wobei die Einlassöffnung und die Auslassöffnung über zumindest einen Strömungskanal miteinander in Verbindung stehen. Günstigerweise sind die Einlassöffnung und die Auslassöffnung jeweils als die gesamte Batteriezelle durchdringende Öffnungen ausgeführt. Die Längsachsen der Öffnungen sind dabei im Wesentlichen normal auf die Längsachse der Batteriezelle angeordnet. Diese Öffnungen stehen wie oben beschrieben mit dem zumindest einen Strömungskanal in Verbindung . Besonders bevorzugt ist hierbei, dass eine Vielzahl von Strömungskanälen vorgesehen ist, wobei die Strömungskanäle vorzugsweise parallel zueinander angeordnet sind, um eine gleichmäßige Durchströmung zu erhalten. In order to obtain a uniform distribution of the electrolyte liquid within the battery cell, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the flow device has at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening for the electrolyte liquid, wherein the inlet opening and the outlet opening communicate with one another via at least one flow channel. Conveniently, the inlet opening and the outlet opening are each designed as openings penetrating the entire battery cell. The longitudinal axes of the openings are arranged substantially normal to the longitudinal axis of the battery cell. These openings are connected to the at least one flow channel as described above. It is particularly preferred that a plurality of flow channels is provided, wherein the flow channels are preferably arranged parallel to each other in order to obtain a uniform flow.
Die gleichmäßige Strömung der Elektrolytflüssigkeit innerhalb der Batteriezelle wird dadurch weiter verbessert, dass die Strömungskanäle über ein erstes Flüssigkeitsreservoir mit der zumindest einen Einlassöffnung in Verbindung stehen, wobei der Strömungsquerschnitt des ersten Flüssigkeitsreservoirs ein Vielfaches des Strömungsquerschnitts der Strömungskanäle aufweist. Günstigerweise stehen in einer Variante der Erfindung die Strömungskanäle über ein zweites Flüssigkeitsreservoir mit der zumindest einen Auslassöffnung in Verbindung, wobei auch hier der Strömungsquerschnitt des zweiten Flüssigkeitsreservoirs ein Vielfaches des Strömungsquerschnitts der Strömungskanäle aufweist. The uniform flow of the electrolyte liquid within the battery cell is further improved in that the flow channels communicate with the at least one inlet opening via a first liquid reservoir, the flow cross section of the first liquid reservoir having a multiple of the flow cross section of the flow channels. In one variant of the invention, the flow channels are favorably connected to the at least one outlet opening via a second liquid reservoir, the flow cross section of the second liquid reservoir also having a multiple of the flow cross section of the flow channels here.
Batteriezellen können entweder seriell oder parallel miteinander zu einem Batteriemodul verbunden werden. In einer Variante der Erfindung verfügt die Strömungseinrichtung der erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezelle über zwei Einlassöffnungen sowie zwei Auslassöffnungen für die Elektrolytflüssigkeit, die mit den Einlassöffnungen und Auslassöffnungen zumindest einer zweiten Batteriezelle je nach gewünschter Anordnung - seriell oder parallel verbindbar sind . Battery cells can be connected to a battery module either serially or in parallel. In a variant of the invention, the flow device of the battery cell according to the invention has two inlet openings and two outlet openings for the electrolyte liquid, which can be connected in series or in parallel with the inlet openings and outlet openings of at least one second battery cell, depending on the desired arrangement.
Das Gehäuse der erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezelle weist zumindest einen ersten und zumindest einen zweiten Gehäuseteil auf, die jeweils aus Kunststoff gefertigt sind . Der Kunststoff ist dabei beliebig, aber vorteilhafterweise so gewählt, dass er ionischen Flüssigkeiten standhält - ein geeigneter Kunststoff wäre z.B. Polyamid, auch andere sind möglich. Damit sind geringes Gewicht und einfache Herstellung ermöglicht, und es findet auf einfache Weise eine Isolation gegen benachbarte Batteriezellen statt. The housing of the battery cell according to the invention has at least a first and at least one second housing part, which are each made of plastic. The plastic is arbitrary, but advantageously chosen so that it withstands ionic liquids - a suitable plastic would be e.g. Polyamide, others are possible. This low weight and ease of manufacture allows, and it takes place in a simple way insulation against adjacent battery cells.
In einer Variante der Erfindung weist der zweite Gehäuseteil eine Aufnahmevertiefung für ein Aktivmaterial der Batteriezelle auf, während der erste Gehäuseteil als Deckelplattenelement für die Aufnahmevertiefung ausgeführt ist. Mit Aktivmaterial wird hier das für die Speicherung der Energie der Batteriezelle notwendige Material bezeichnet - im vorliegenden Fall also die erste und zweite Elektrode. In a variant of the invention, the second housing part has a receiving recess for an active material of the battery cell, while the first housing part is designed as a cover plate element for the receiving recess. With active material here for the storage of the energy of the battery cell necessary material is referred to - in the present case, therefore, the first and second electrode.
In einer weiteren Variante der Erfindung weist der zweite Gehäuseteil ein Bodenplattenelement und ein auf dem Bodenplattenelement angeordnetes Rahmenelement auf, während der erste Gehäuseteil als Deckelplattenelement ausgeführt ist. Rahmenelement und Bodenplattenelement des zweiten Gehäuseteils können einstückig oder auch separat ausgeführt sein, wobei sie im zweiten Fall durch entsprechende bekannte Verbindungsverfahren miteinander verbunden sind . Rahmenelement und Bodenplattenelement bilden dann die oben beschriebene Aufnahmevertiefung für das Aktivmaterial. Das Deckelplattenelement wird auf der dem Bodenplattenelement gegenüberliegenden Seite des Rahmenelements angeordnet. Wie oben beschrieben fungiert das Deckelplattenelement als Deckel für die Aufnahmevertiefung . In a further variant of the invention, the second housing part has a bottom plate element and a frame element arranged on the bottom plate element, while the first housing part is designed as a cover plate element. Frame member and bottom plate member of the second housing part may be made in one piece or separately, wherein they are connected to each other in the second case by corresponding known connection methods. Frame member and bottom plate member then form the above-described receiving recess for the active material. The cover plate member is arranged on the side opposite the bottom plate member side of the frame member. As described above, the lid plate member functions as a lid for the receiving recess.
Besonders bevorzugt ist vorgesehen, dass der Kunststoff faserverstärkt, insbesondere mit Glasfaser versetzt ausgeführt ist, um eine verbesserte Steifigkeit des Gehäuses zu erzielen, ohne das durch den Einsatz von Kunststoff erzielte geringe Gewicht wesentlich zu erhöhen. Gleichzeitig hat der Einsatz von Kunststoff den schon oben erwähnten Vorteil, dass die beim den üblicherweise eingesetzten Gehäusen aus Metall notwendige Isolierung gegen Spannungsüberschläge beispielsweise zu benachbarten Batteriezellen entfällt. It is particularly preferred that the plastic fiber-reinforced, in particular made with glass fiber offset, in order to achieve an improved rigidity of the housing, without substantially increasing the low weight achieved by the use of plastic. At the same time, the use of plastic has the advantage already mentioned above that the insulation required for the housings made of metal, which are usually used, is not required for voltage flashovers, for example to adjacent battery cells.
Eine kostengünstige Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezelle insbesondere in hohen Stückzahlen ist gegeben, wenn der erste und der zweite Gehäuseteil mittels Spritzgussverfahren oder Thermoformen hergestellt sind, und die beiden Gehäuseteile bevorzugterweise mittels Klebung, Kunststoff-Laserschweißen oder Reibschweißen verbunden sind . A cost-effective production of the battery cell according to the invention in particular in large quantities is given if the first and the second housing part are made by injection molding or thermoforming, and the two housing parts are preferably connected by gluing, plastic laser welding or friction welding.
Um die erfindungsgemäße Batteriezelle mit zumindest einer benachbarten Batteriezelle auf einfache Weise zu einem Batteriemodul zusammenführen zu können, weist in einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung das Gehäuse zumindest eine Positioniereinrichtung auf, wobei die zumindest eine Positioniereinrichtung in einem Bereich der Batteriezelle angeordnet ist, der bei Anordnung der Batteriezelle in einem Batteriemodul einer benachbarten Batteriezelle zugewandt ist. Günstigerweise weist das Gehäuse mehrere Positioniereinrichtungen auf, die bevorzugt auf einander gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Gehäuses angeordnet sind. Gemäß einer Variante der Erfindung ist die zumindest eine Positioniereinrichtung als Positionierstift oder als Positionierstiftaufnahme ausgeführt. In order to merge the battery cell according to the invention with at least one adjacent battery cell in a simple manner to form a battery module, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the housing at least one positioning, wherein the at least one positioning device is arranged in a region of the battery cell, which in arrangement of the Battery cell facing in a battery module of an adjacent battery cell. Conveniently, the housing has a plurality of positioning devices, which are preferably arranged on opposite sides of the housing. According to a variant of the invention, the at least one positioning device is designed as a positioning pin or as a positioning pin.
So ist beispielsweise vorgesehen, dass am Gehäuse, beispielsweise an dem ersten Gehäuseteil, ein Positionierstift angeordnet ist, während an dem zweiten Gehäuseteil eine entsprechend dimensionierte Positionierstiftaufnahme vorgesehen ist. Werden nun zwei Batteriezellen zusammengesteckt, so ist der Positionierstift der ersten Batteriezelle in der Positionierstiftaufnahme der zweiten Batteriezelle angeordnet. Sind insbesondere jeweils zwei derartiger Positioniereinrichtungen an jedem Gehäuseteil vorgesehen, so sind die beiden Batteriezellen in ihrer Position zueinander fixiert. Besonders bevorzugt ist hierbei, dass die Positionseinrichtungen einstückig mit dem Gehäuse bzw. den jeweiligen Gehäuseteilen gefertigt sind . Ein besonders schlanker und einfacher Aufbau der Batteriezelle wird erreicht, wenn die Strömungseinrichtung und der zweite Gehäuseteil einstückig, insbesondere aus Kunststoff gefertigt sind . For example, it is provided that a positioning pin is arranged on the housing, for example on the first housing part, while a correspondingly dimensioned positioning pin receptacle is provided on the second housing part. If now two battery cells are plugged together, then the positioning pin of the first battery cell is arranged in the positioning pin receptacle of the second battery cell. If, in particular, two such positioning devices are provided on each housing part, then the two battery cells are fixed relative to one another in their position. It is particularly preferred in this case that the position devices are manufactured in one piece with the housing or the respective housing parts. A particularly slim and simple construction of the battery cell is achieved if the flow device and the second housing part are made in one piece, in particular made of plastic.
Günstigerweise ist in einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung die Strömungseinrichtung dabei am Boden der oben beschriebenen Aufnahmevertiefung bzw. auf dem oben beschriebenen Bodenplattenelement ausgeführt. In einer Variante der Erfindung werden hierbei Strömungseinrichtung und Bodenplattenelement des zweiten Gehäuseteils einstückig gefertigt. Conveniently, in a further embodiment of the invention, the flow device is embodied at the bottom of the receiving recess described above or on the base plate element described above. In a variant of the invention, in this case flow device and bottom plate element of the second housing part are manufactured in one piece.
Der erfindungsgemäße Aufbau ist insbesondere für den Einsatz bei Lithium-Luft-Akkumulatoren geeignet. Hierbei besteht die erste Elektrode beispielsweise aus einem porösen Material wie z.B. Graphit, das von der Elektrolytflüssigkeit benetzt wird . Als zweite Elektrode wird beispielsweise metallisches Lithium verwendet. The structure according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in lithium-air batteries. Here, the first electrode is made, for example, of a porous material, such as e.g. Graphite wetted by the electrolyte fluid. As the second electrode, for example, metallic lithium is used.
Die Aufgabe wird des Weiteren durch ein Batteriemodul gelöst, das zumindest zwei erfindungsgemäße Batteriezellen aufweist. Batteriezellen können entweder seriell oder parallel miteinander zu einem Batteriemodul verbunden werden. In einer bereits beschriebenen Variante der Erfindung verfügt die Strömungseinrichtung der erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezelle über zwei Einlassöffnungen sowie zwei Auslassöffnungen für die Elektrolytflüssigkeit, die mit den Einlassöffnungen und Auslassöffnungen zumindest einer zweiten Batteriezelle je nach gewünschter Anordnung - seriell oder parallel - verbindbar sind. The object is further achieved by a battery module having at least two battery cells according to the invention. Battery cells can be connected to a battery module either serially or in parallel. In a variant of the invention already described, the flow device of the battery cell according to the invention has two inlet openings and two outlet openings for the electrolyte liquid, which can be connected in series or in parallel with the inlet openings and outlet openings of at least one second battery cell, depending on the desired arrangement.
Hierbei ist besonders bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass eine Einlassöffnung für die Elektrolytflüssigkeit der ersten Batteriezelle mit einer Einlassöffnung zumindest einer zweiten benachbarten Batteriezelle und eine Auslassöffnung der ersten Batteriezelle mit einer Auslassöffnung zumindest einer benachbarten zweiten Batteriezelle in flüssigkeitsdichter Verbindung steht. Damit wird durch Anordnung zweier oder mehrerer Batteriezellen hintereinander durch die derart angeordneten Einlassöffnungen ein Zulaufrohr und durch die derart angeordneten Auslassöffnungen ein Sammelrohr für die Elektrolytflüssigkeit innerhalb des Batteriemoduls gebildet, das einen gleichmäßigen Zulauf beziehungsweise Abzug der Elektrolytflüssigkeit erlaubt. Die Batteriezellen sind hierbei in Hinblick auf dien Elektrolytfluss parallel geschaltet. In this case, it is particularly preferably provided that an inlet opening for the electrolyte liquid of the first battery cell is in fluid-tight connection with an inlet opening of at least one second adjacent battery cell and an outlet opening of the first battery cell with an outlet opening of at least one adjacent second battery cell. Thus, by arranging two or more battery cells in succession through the inlet openings arranged in this way, an inlet pipe and through the thus arranged outlet openings a collecting tube for the electrolyte liquid within the battery module is formed, which allows a uniform inflow or withdrawal of the electrolyte liquid. The battery cells are in this case connected in parallel with regard to the electrolyte flow.
Um den Austritt von Elektrolytflüssigkeit aus dem Batteriemodul zu vermeiden, sind in einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung im Bereich der Einlassöffnungen sowie im Bereich der Auslassöffnungen Dichtungsnuten für die Aufnahme von Dichtungsmittel, insbesondere von Weichstoff-Dichtungen vorgesehen. In order to prevent the escape of electrolyte fluid from the battery module, in a preferred embodiment of the invention in the region of the inlet openings and in the region of the outlet openings provided sealing grooves for receiving sealant, in particular soft-material seals.
Das erfindungsgemäße Batteriemodul ist aufgrund seines geringen Gewichts, seiner schlanken Bauweise und seiner hohen Betriebssicherheit insbesondere für die Verwendung in Antriebssystemen von Kraftfahrzeugen geeignet. Im Folgenden wird anhand eines nicht-einschränkenden Ausführungsbeispiels mit zugehörigen Figuren die Erfindung näher erläutert. Hierin zeigt The battery module according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in drive systems of motor vehicles due to its low weight, its slim design and high reliability. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a non-limiting exemplary embodiment with associated figures. Herein shows
Fig. 1 eine explodierte Ansicht der erfindungsgemäße Batteriezelle, 1 is an exploded view of the battery cell according to the invention,
Fig. 2 den zweiten Gehäuseteil der Batteriezelle aus Fig . 1, FIG. 2 shows the second housing part of the battery cell from FIG. 1,
Fig. 3 den zweiten Gehäuseteil aus Fig . 2 mit dem Aktivmaterial, 3 shows the second housing part from FIG. 2 with the active material,
Figs. 4a, 4b. eine Querschnittteilansicht der Batteriezelle aus Fig . 1, Figs. 4a, 4b. a partial cross-sectional view of the battery cell of FIG. 1,
Fig. 5 eine explodierte Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführung der Fig. 5 is an exploded view of another embodiment of
Batteriezelle, Battery cell
Fig. 6 zwei Batteriezellen in serieller Schaltung, und Fig. 6 shows two battery cells in serial circuit, and
Fig. 7 ein erfindungsgemäßes Batteriemodul. 7 shows a battery module according to the invention.
In Fig . 1 ist in einer explodierten Ansicht der Aufbau der erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezelle 100 dargestellt. Sie weist einen ersten Gehäuseteil 10 auf, der als Deckelplattenelement, also im Wesentlichen eben, ausgebildet ist. Der erste Gehäuseteil weist einen Zellpol 13 beispielsweise aus Kupfer auf und ist an der dem Inneren der Batteriezelle 100 zugewandten Innenseite mit einem aus schwammartigem Material bestehenden Kompressionselement 30 (Figs. 4a, 4b) versehen, das im zusammengesetzten Zustand der Batteriezelle 100 das Aktivmaterial 40 der Batteriezelle 100, im vorliegenden Beispiel eine Graphitelektrode als erste Elektrode 41 und metallisches Lithium als zweite Elektrode 42 (siehe Figs. 4a und 4b), gegen die nachfolgend beschriebene Strömungseinrichtung in dem zweiten Gehäuseteil 20 presst. Dieses Kompressionselement 30 dient zudem der Kompensation von Ausdehnungsunterschieden des Aktivmaterials 40 während der Lade- bzw. Entladephasen. In Fig. 1 shows an exploded view of the construction of the battery cell 100 according to the invention. It has a first housing part 10, which is designed as a cover plate element, that is essentially flat. The first housing part has a cell pole 13, for example made of copper, and is provided on the inside of the battery cell 100 facing inside with a consisting of sponge-like material compression element 30 (Figs 4a, 4b), which in the assembled state of the battery cell 100, the active material 40 of Battery cell 100, in the present example, a graphite electrode as a first electrode 41 and metallic lithium as a second electrode 42 (see FIGS. 4a and 4b), pressed against the flow device described below in the second housing part 20. This compression element 30 also serves to compensate for differences in expansion of the active material 40 during the charging or discharging phases.
Des Weiteren ist ein zweiter Gehäuseteil 20 vorgesehen. Der zweite Gehäuseteil 20 weist eine Aufnahmevertiefung für das Aktivmaterial 40 der Batteriezelle 100 auf, wobei diese Aufnahmevertiefung im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel dadurch gebildet wird, dass der zweite Gehäuseteil 20 ein Bodenplattenelement 21 und ein Rahmenelement 22 aufweist. Rahmenelement 22 und Bodenplattenelement 21 können einstückig oder - wie in diesem Beispiel dargestellt - separat ausgeführt sein. Im montierten Zustand ist dann das Bodenplattenelement 21 auf der einen Seite des Rahmenelements 22 angeordnet und der erste Gehäuseteil 10 als Deckelplattenelement auf der anderen Seite des Rahmenelements 22. Furthermore, a second housing part 20 is provided. The second housing part 20 has a receiving recess for the active material 40 of the battery cell 100, wherein this receiving recess is formed in the illustrated embodiment, characterized in that the second housing part 20 has a bottom plate member 21 and a frame member 22. Frame member 22 and bottom plate member 21 may be made in one piece or - as shown in this example - separately. In the assembled state, the bottom plate element 21 is then arranged on one side of the frame element 22 and the first housing part 10 as a cover plate element on the other side of the frame element 22nd
Die Gehäuseteile 10, 21, 22 sind aus Kunststoff gefertigt, wobei der Kunststoff bevorzugt faserverstärkt, insbesondere mit Glasfaser versetzt, ausgeführt ist. Damit kann das Gehäuse leicht und widerstandsfähig gefertigt werden, und es können er- probte und kostengünstige Fertigungsverfahren wie Spritzgussverfahren oder Thermoformen zum Einsatz kommen. The housing parts 10, 21, 22 are made of plastic, wherein the plastic is preferably fiber-reinforced, in particular offset with glass fiber, is executed. Thus, the housing can be made easily and resistant, and it can er- rehearsed and cost-effective manufacturing processes such as injection molding or thermoforming are used.
Zur Verbindung von erstem Gehäuseteil 10 und zweitem Gehäuseteil 20 (bzw. von Bodenplattenelement 21 und Rahmenelement 22) können erprobte Verfahren wie Kleben, Kunststoff-Laserschweißen oder Reibschweißen zum Einsatz kommen. To connect the first housing part 10 and the second housing part 20 (or of the bottom plate element 21 and the frame element 22), proven methods such as gluing, plastic laser welding or friction welding can be used.
Der zweite Gehäuseteil 20 verfügt über eine Strömungseinrichtung für Elektrolytflüssigkeit mit zwei Einlassöffnungen 23 sowie zwei Auslassöffnungen 24, die über parallel zueinander verlaufende Strömungskanäle 25 miteinander in Verbindung stehen (in Fig. 1 nicht sichtbar). Gemäß Fig . 2 ist im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel die Strömungseinrichtung einstückig mit dem Bodenplattenelement 21 ausgeführt bzw. findet sich am Boden der durch Rahmenelement 22 und Bodenplattenelement 21 gebildeten Aufnahmevertiefung für das Aktivmaterial 40. Die Zuleitung der Elektrolytflüssigkeit zu den Strömungskanälen 25 erfolgt hierbei über ein erstes Flüssigkeitsreservoir 26, das aufgrund seines vielfach größeren Strömungsquerschnittes in Bezug auf den Strömungsquerschnitts der Strömungskanäle 25 eine gleichmäßige Durchströmung der Strömungskanäle 25 und damit eine gleichmäßige Benetzung des in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft zu den Strömungskanälen 25 angeordneten Aktivmaterials 40 (siehe z.B. Fig . 3) gewährleistet. Gleichzeitig kann dadurch auch die entstehende Reaktionswärme abgeführt werden, sodass kein zusätzliches Kühlsystem vorzusehen ist. The second housing part 20 has a flow device for electrolyte liquid with two inlet openings 23 and two outlet openings 24 which communicate with each other via flow channels 25 extending parallel to one another (not visible in FIG. 1). According to FIG. 2, the flow device is embodied in one piece with the bottom plate element 21 or is located at the bottom of the receiving recess for the active material 40 formed by the frame element 22 and bottom plate element 21. The supply of the electrolyte liquid to the flow channels 25 takes place via a first liquid reservoir 26 due to its much larger flow cross-section with respect to the flow cross-section of the flow channels 25, a uniform flow through the flow channels 25 and thus a uniform wetting of the disposed in the immediate vicinity of the flow channels 25 active material 40 (see, for example, Fig. 3) guaranteed. At the same time, the resulting heat of reaction can be dissipated, so that no additional cooling system is to be provided.
Zur Ableitung der Elektrolytflüssigkeit ist ein zweites Flüssigkeitsreservoir 26' vorgesehen, durch das die Strömungskanäle 25 mit der Auslassöffnung bzw. den Auslassöffnungen 24 in Verbindung stehen. Der Strömungsquerschnitt des zweiten Flüssigkeitsreservoirs 26' weist ebenfalls ein Vielfaches des Strömungsquerschnitts der Strömungskanäle 25 auf. For discharging the electrolyte liquid, a second liquid reservoir 26 'is provided, through which the flow channels 25 communicate with the outlet opening or the outlet openings 24. The flow cross section of the second liquid reservoir 26 'also has a multiple of the flow cross section of the flow channels 25.
Die Fig . 3 zeigt den zweiten Gehäuseteil 20, auf dessen Strömungseinrichtung das Aktivmaterial 40 angeordnet ist. Das Aktivmaterial 40 ist hierbei von einem nicht dargestellten Rahmen umfasst, der mit dem Aktivmaterial 40 in elektrisch leitender Verbindung steht und über den Zellpol 13 verfügt, der der Stromabnahme dient. The Fig. 3 shows the second housing part 20, on the flow device of which the active material 40 is arranged. The active material 40 is in this case encompassed by a frame, not shown, which is in electrically conductive connection with the active material 40 and has the cell pole 13, which serves for current collection.
Um beim Zusammenbau eines Batteriemoduls 200 (Figs. 6 und 7) aus mehreren erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezellen 100, 100' die Anordnung der Batteriezellen 100, 100' zueinander zu erleichtern, sind am Gehäuse Positioniereinrichtungen 51, 52 (Figs. 1, 4a, 4b, 5 und 6) vorgesehen, die im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als Positionierstifte 51, 51' und Positionierstiftaufnahmen 52, 52' ausgebildet sind. Durch diese Positioniereinrichtungen 51, 51', 52, 52' werden benachbarte Batteriezellen 100, 100' in ihrer Position zueinander verdrehfest fixiert. Dementsprechend sind die Positioniereinrichtungen 51, 51', 52, 52' in Bereichen der Batteriezelle 100 angeordnet, die bei Anordnung der Batteriezelle 100 in einem Batteriemodul 200 einer benachbarten Batteriezelle 100' zugewandt sind. In order to facilitate the arrangement of the battery cells 100, 100 'relative to each other during assembly of a battery module 200 (FIGS. 6 and 7) comprising a plurality of battery cells 100, 100', positioning devices 51, 52 (FIGS and 6) are provided, which are formed in the illustrated embodiment as positioning pins 51, 51 'and positioning pins 52, 52'. By means of these positioning devices 51, 51 ', 52, 52', adjacent battery cells 100, 100 'are fixed in a rotationally fixed manner relative to each other. Accordingly, the positioning devices 51, 51 ', 52, 52' are in regions of the battery cell 100 arranged, which face in arrangement of the battery cell 100 in a battery module 200 of an adjacent battery cell 100 '.
In den Figs. 4a und 4b ist die erfindungsgemäße Batteriezelle 100 im Querschnitt schematisch dargestellt, wobei Fig . 4a einen oberen Bereich und Fig . 4b einen unteren Bereich zeigt. Über die Einlassöffnung 23 wird Elektrolytflüssigkeit (Pfeil A) in die Batteriezelle 100 zugeführt, z. B. eingepumpt (Fig. 4a). Die Einlassöffnung 23 erstreckt sich durch die gesamte Batteriezelle 100 (die Längsachse der Öffnungen, die in der Darstellung gemäß Fig . 4a im Wesentlichen horizontal verläuft, ist dabei normal zur Längsachse der Batteriezelle 100, die gemäß Darstellung vertikal verläuft - aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit sind diese Achsen in den Figuren nicht dargestellt) - Elektrolytflüssigkeit dringt also von der linken Seite (links gemäß der Darstellung in Fig . 4a) entlang Pfeil A in die Batteriezelle 100 ein und fließt teilweise in das erste Flüssigkeitsreservoir 26, teilweise tritt die Elektrolytflüssigkeit aber auch durch die Batteriezelle 100 hindurch und entlang des Pfeils A' rechts wieder aus - damit können in einem Batteriemodul 200 (siehe Figs. 6 und 7) auch benachbarte Batteriezellen 100' mit Elektrolytflüssigkeit versorgt werden, bzw. bilden die Einlassöffnungen 23, 23' benachbarter Batteriezellen 100, 100' durchgehende Zulaufrohre. In Figs. 4a and 4b, the battery cell 100 according to the invention is shown schematically in cross section, FIG. 4a an upper area and FIG. 4b shows a lower area. Via the inlet opening 23, electrolyte liquid (arrow A) is fed into the battery cell 100, for. B. pumped (Fig. 4a). The inlet opening 23 extends through the entire battery cell 100 (the longitudinal axis of the openings, which runs substantially horizontally in the illustration according to FIG. 4a), is normal to the longitudinal axis of the battery cell 100, which runs vertically as shown - for reasons of clarity, these are Axes in the figures not shown) - Electrolyte thus penetrates from the left side (left as shown in Fig. 4a) along arrow A in the battery cell 100 and partially flows into the first liquid reservoir 26, partially enters the electrolyte fluid but also through the Battery cell 100 through and along the arrow A 'on the right again - so that in a battery module 200 (see Figures 6 and 7) and adjacent battery cells 100' are supplied with electrolyte liquid, or form the inlet openings 23, 23 'of adjacent battery cells 100, 100 'continuous inlet pipes.
Die Elektrolytflüssigkeit strömt über das erste Flüssigkeitsreservoir 26 in die Strömungskanäle 25 und benetzt hierbei das Aktivmaterial 40 der Batteriezelle 100. Das Aktivmaterial 40 besteht aus einer ersten Elektrode 41, die als poröse Graphitelektrode ausgeführt ist, und einer zweiten Elektrode 42 aus metallischem Lithium. Zwischen Strömungskanälen 25 und erster Elektrode 41 ist hier eine netzartige Struktur als Stromabnehmer (siehe beispielsweise Fig . 5) angeordnet, dessen netzartige Ausführung die Reaktantenversorgung der Elektroden 41, 42 nicht behindert. The electrolyte liquid flows via the first liquid reservoir 26 into the flow channels 25 and thereby wets the active material 40 of the battery cell 100. The active material 40 consists of a first electrode 41, which is designed as a porous graphite electrode, and a second electrode 42 made of metallic lithium. Between flow channels 25 and first electrode 41 here is a net-like structure as a current collector (see, for example, Fig. 5) is arranged, whose net-like design does not hinder the reactant supply of the electrodes 41, 42.
Im Fall eines Lithium-Luft-Akkumulators reagiert der in der porösen Elektrode 41 vorhandene Luftsauerstoff mit Lithiumionen der Lithium-Elektrode 42 in der Elektrolytflüssigkeit, bzw. wird Sauerstoff als Reaktant über die Elektrolytflüssigkeit zugeführt. Die beiden Elektroden 41, 42 sind hierbei durch einen handelsüblichen Separator (siehe beispielsweise Fig . 5), beispielsweise aus Polymermaterial oder Keramik, voneinander getrennt. In the case of a lithium-air secondary battery, the oxygen present in the porous electrode 41 reacts with lithium ions of the lithium electrode 42 in the electrolyte liquid, and oxygen is supplied as a reactant via the electrolyte liquid. In this case, the two electrodes 41, 42 are separated from one another by a commercially available separator (see, for example, FIG. 5), for example made of polymer material or ceramic.
Gleichzeitig dient die zirkulierende Elektrolytflüssigkeit auch der Kühlung der Batteriezelle 100, indem sie Reaktionswärme aus der Batteriezelle 100 abführt. Aufgrund des Pumpdrucks und je nach Einbaurichtung der Batteriezelle 100 auch der Schwerkraft strömt die Elektrolytflüssigkeit über ein zweites Flüssigkeitsreservoir 26' zu der Auslassöffnung 24 und verlässt die Batteriezelle 100 in Richtung des Pfeils B (Fig . 4b). Auch hier gilt, dass die Auslassöffnung 24 durch die gesamte Batteriezelle 100 verläuft - die ausströmende Elektrolytflüssigkeit vermischt sich also mit der von benachbarten Batteriezellen 100' entlang des Pfeils B' heranströmenden Elektrolytflüssigkeit. At the same time, the circulating electrolyte liquid also serves to cool the battery cell 100 by dissipating heat of reaction from the battery cell 100. Due to the pumping pressure and, depending on the installation direction of the battery cell 100 and also the force of gravity, the electrolyte liquid flows via a second liquid reservoir 26 'to the outlet opening 24 and leaves the battery cell 100 in the direction of the arrow B (FIG. 4b). Again, the outlet opening 24 extends through the entire battery cell 100 - the effluent electrolyte fluid mixes that is to say with the electrolyte liquid flowing in from adjacent battery cells 100 'along the arrow B'.
In der Fig . 5 ist eine weitere Ausführung der Batteriezelle 100 in der Variante als Metall-Luft-Akkumulator in einer explodierten Ansicht dargestellt. Auch hier weist der zweite Gehäuseteil 20 ein Bodenplattenelement 21 sowie ein Rahmenelement 22 auf. Das Bodenplattenelement 21 ist aus Kunststoff ausgeführt und weist eine Vielzahl von parallel verlaufenden Strömungskanälen 25 auf. In the Fig. FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the battery cell 100 in the variant as a metal-air accumulator in an exploded view. Again, the second housing part 20 has a bottom plate member 21 and a frame member 22. The bottom plate member 21 is made of plastic and has a plurality of parallel flow channels 25.
Zwischen den Strömungskanälen 25 und der ersten Elektrode 41 ist ein erster Stromabnehmer 41a angeordnet, der beispielsweise aus Aluminium gefertigt ist und über einen ersten Zellpol 13 verfügt. Dieser erste Stromabnehmer 41a steht in leitendem Kontakt mit der ersten Elektrode 41, einer porösen Kohlenstoff-, insbesondere Graphitplatte, die als positive Elektrode der Batteriezelle 100 fungiert. Zur elektrischen Trennung der ersten Elektrode 41 von der zweiten Elektrode 42, im vorliegenden Fall eine negative Elektrode aus metallischem Lithium, ist zwischen den beiden Elektroden 41, 42 ein Separator 43 angeordnet. Neben Lithium können auch alternative Metall-Luft-Kombinationen verwendet werden. Auch die zweite Elektrode 42 verfügt über einen im Bereich des Rahmenelements 22 angeordneten Stromabnehmer 42a mit einem zweiten Zellpol 14. Between the flow channels 25 and the first electrode 41, a first current collector 41 a is arranged, which is made for example of aluminum and has a first cell pole 13. This first current collector 41 a is in conductive contact with the first electrode 41, a porous carbon, in particular graphite plate, which acts as a positive electrode of the battery cell 100. For the electrical separation of the first electrode 41 from the second electrode 42, in the present case a negative electrode made of metallic lithium, a separator 43 is arranged between the two electrodes 41, 42. In addition to lithium, alternative metal-air combinations can be used. The second electrode 42 also has a current collector 42a arranged in the region of the frame element 22 with a second cell pole 14.
Schließlich ist noch ein Kompressionselement 30 vorgesehen, das zwischen der zweiten Elektrode 42 und dem als Deckelplattenelement ausgebildeten ersten Gehäuseteil 10 angeordnet ist und dem Ausgleich von Dickenänderungen im Betrieb der Batteriezelle 100 dient. Finally, a compression element 30 is provided which is arranged between the second electrode 42 and the first housing part 10 designed as a cover plate element and serves to compensate for changes in thickness during operation of the battery cell 100.
In der Fig . 6 sind zwei Batteriezellen 100, 100' dargestellt, die im vorliegenden Beispiel seriell zueinander angeordnet zu ein Batteriemodul 200 (siehe Fig. 7) zusammengesetzt werden. Hierbei ist zu erkennen, wie die Positioniereinrichtung, im vorliegenden Fall also Positionierstifte 51, 51' sowie korrespondierende Positionierstiftaufnahmen 52, 52' der genauen Ausrichtung der beiden Batteriezellen 100, 100' zueinander dienen. Die Einlassöffnungen 23, 23' sowie die Auslassöffnungen 24, 24' sind hierbei in flüssigkeitsdichter Verbindung zueinander angeordnet, wobei ein Dichtelement 27, im vorliegenden Fall O-Ringe, die in entsprechenden die Einlassbzw. Auslassöffnung 23, 24 umgebenden Nuten eingelegt sind, diese Dichtigkeit gewährleistet. Durch die Anzahl von zwei Einlass- bzw. Auslassöffnungen 23, 23', 24, 24' für die Elektrolytflüssigkeit muss lediglich eine der beiden Batteriezellen 100, 100' gewendet werden, um mit den erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezellen 100, 100' einen seriell geschalteten Zellstapel zu realisieren. In the Fig. 6, two battery cells 100, 100 'are shown, which in the present example are arranged in series with one another to form a battery module 200 (see FIG. 7). It can be seen here how the positioning device, in the present case positioning pins 51, 51 'and corresponding positioning pin receptacles 52, 52', serve to precisely align the two battery cells 100, 100 'to one another. The inlet openings 23, 23 'and the outlet openings 24, 24' are in this case arranged in liquid-tight connection to each other, wherein a sealing element 27, in this case O-rings, in the corresponding inlet or. Outlet opening 23, 24 surrounding grooves are inserted, this tightness guaranteed. Due to the number of two inlet and outlet openings 23, 23 ', 24, 24' for the electrolyte liquid, only one of the two battery cells 100, 100 'has to be turned over in order to realize a series-connected cell stack with the battery cells 100, 100' according to the invention ,
Auf diese Weise bilden gemäß Fig . 7 eine Vielzahl von Batteriezellen 100, 100' ein erfindungsgemäßes Batteriemodul 200, das beispielsweise als Antriebsaggregat für ein Kraftfahrzeug genutzt wird. Durch die Anordnung der Batteriezellen 100, 100' und deren Einlass- und Auslassöffnungen 23, 23', 24, 24' zueinander bilden sich durchgehende Zulauf- und Sammelrohre für die Zu- und Abführung der Elektrolytflüssigkeit und damit zur auch Kühlung - im Notfall kann durch Unterbrechung der Elektrolytzufuhr auch die Zellreaktion gestoppt werden. In this way, according to FIG. 7 a plurality of battery cells 100, 100 ', a battery module 200 according to the invention, which is used for example as a drive unit for a motor vehicle. By the arrangement of the battery cells 100, 100 ' and their inlet and outlet ports 23, 23 ', 24, 24' to each other are continuous inlet and manifolds for the supply and removal of the electrolyte fluid and thus for cooling - in an emergency, by interrupting the electrolyte supply and the cell reaction can be stopped.
Es versteht sich, dass die Erfindung nicht auf die beschriebene Ausführungsform beschränkt ist. Insbesondere kann die Form als auch die Anzahl der Gehäuseteile variieren. Ebenso kann auch die Anordnung der Strömungskanäle unterschiedlich ausgeführt sein. Auch muss es sich bei dem Elektrolyten nicht notwendigerweise um eine Flüssigkeit handeln, ebenso kann je nach Zelltyp auch ein gasförmiger Elektrolyt eingesetzt werden. It is understood that the invention is not limited to the described embodiment. In particular, the shape and the number of housing parts can vary. Likewise, the arrangement of the flow channels can be designed differently. Also, the electrolyte does not necessarily have to be a liquid, as well as a gaseous electrolyte may be used depending on the cell type.
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112013003981.8T DE112013003981A5 (en) | 2012-10-18 | 2013-10-18 | Rechargeable battery cell and battery module |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA50461/2012A AT513558B1 (en) | 2012-10-18 | 2012-10-18 | Rechargeable battery cell and battery module |
| ATA50461/2012 | 2012-10-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2014060579A1 true WO2014060579A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2013/071839 Ceased WO2014060579A1 (en) | 2012-10-18 | 2013-10-18 | Rechargeable battery cell, and battery module |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT513558B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE112013003981A5 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014060579A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014216371A1 (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-02-25 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Charging device and system for loading a motor vehicle |
| DE102014117547A1 (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-02 | Technische Universität München | Housing for a cell stack of a battery and method for producing such |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1296316A (en) * | 1970-03-26 | 1972-11-15 | ||
| WO2004084237A2 (en) * | 2003-03-19 | 2004-09-30 | Ird A/S | Interlocking isolator for fuel cells |
| DE102009035485A1 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-03 | Daimler Ag | Cell network with a predeterminable number of parallel and / or serially interconnected single cells |
| WO2012025505A1 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2012-03-01 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Bipolar electrochemical battery with an improved casing |
| WO2012033692A2 (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2012-03-15 | Primus Power Corporation | Metal electrode assembly for flow batteries |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100104927A1 (en) * | 2008-10-29 | 2010-04-29 | Scott Albright | Temperature-controlled battery configuration |
| DE102010013028A1 (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-29 | Daimler Ag | Cell assembly for battery for vehicle e.g. hybrid vehicle, has single cells injecting into axial direction based on clamping element, where single cells are provided with alignment elements that are fixed corresponding to surface area-side |
| DE102010041285A1 (en) * | 2010-09-23 | 2012-03-29 | Sb Limotive Company Ltd. | Battery with improved heat dissipation through the use of capillary effect |
-
2012
- 2012-10-18 AT ATA50461/2012A patent/AT513558B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2013
- 2013-10-18 WO PCT/EP2013/071839 patent/WO2014060579A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-10-18 DE DE112013003981.8T patent/DE112013003981A5/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1296316A (en) * | 1970-03-26 | 1972-11-15 | ||
| WO2004084237A2 (en) * | 2003-03-19 | 2004-09-30 | Ird A/S | Interlocking isolator for fuel cells |
| DE102009035485A1 (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-02-03 | Daimler Ag | Cell network with a predeterminable number of parallel and / or serially interconnected single cells |
| WO2012025505A1 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2012-03-01 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Bipolar electrochemical battery with an improved casing |
| WO2012033692A2 (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2012-03-15 | Primus Power Corporation | Metal electrode assembly for flow batteries |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014216371A1 (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-02-25 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Charging device and system for loading a motor vehicle |
| US10351007B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 | 2019-07-16 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Charging device and system for charging a motor vehicle |
| DE102014216371B4 (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2025-04-30 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Charging device and system for charging a motor vehicle |
| DE102014117547A1 (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-06-02 | Technische Universität München | Housing for a cell stack of a battery and method for producing such |
| DE102014117547B4 (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-08-04 | Technische Universität München | Housing for a cell stack of a battery and method for producing such |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT513558B1 (en) | 2014-08-15 |
| DE112013003981A5 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
| AT513558A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
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