WO2014050769A1 - 防眩膜を備える太陽電池モジュールおよびその製造方法、太陽電池用防眩膜およびその製造方法ならびに防眩膜形成用塗布液 - Google Patents
防眩膜を備える太陽電池モジュールおよびその製造方法、太陽電池用防眩膜およびその製造方法ならびに防眩膜形成用塗布液 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014050769A1 WO2014050769A1 PCT/JP2013/075595 JP2013075595W WO2014050769A1 WO 2014050769 A1 WO2014050769 A1 WO 2014050769A1 JP 2013075595 W JP2013075595 W JP 2013075595W WO 2014050769 A1 WO2014050769 A1 WO 2014050769A1
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- solar cell
- antiglare film
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/30—Coatings
- H10F77/306—Coatings for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/311—Coatings for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
- H10F77/315—Coatings for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
- G02B5/0215—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures the surface having a regular structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
- G02B5/0242—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element by means of dispersed particles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
- G02B5/0294—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use adapted to provide an additional optical effect, e.g. anti-reflection or filter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B2207/00—Coding scheme for general features or characteristics of optical elements and systems of subclass G02B, but not including elements and systems which would be classified in G02B6/00 and subgroups
- G02B2207/109—Sols, gels, sol-gel materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar cell module having an antiglare film and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention also relates to an antiglare film for a solar cell module, a method for producing the same, and a coating solution used for forming the antiglare film.
- a solar cell is a solar cell in which an electromotive force element (solar cell) composed of single crystal silicon, a silicon-based thin film, a compound semiconductor, or the like is sealed with a resin between a front cover glass and a back cover film. Served as a module.
- an electromotive force element solar cell
- a transparent electrode layer, a semiconductor layer, and a second electrode layer are sequentially formed on a transparent insulating substrate such as glass while patterning each layer by a laser scribe method from the light incident side.
- Substrate-integrated thin film solar cell modules obtained in this way have also been proposed.
- an antiglare film a concavo-convex shape film containing inorganic fine particles in a binder on a glass surface after modularizing a solar battery cell
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Patent Document 2
- Reference 2 It has also been proposed to increase the amount of light taken into the solar cell by forming an antireflection layer containing spherical inorganic fine particles having a particle size of 50 nm to 200 nm in the binder on the glass surface (for example, Patent Document 3).
- an antiglare film is formed by forming a film containing fine particles in an acrylic or urethane organic polymer matrix on the display surface (see, for example, Patent Document 4).
- JP 2001-53316 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-330508 WO2009 / 142156 International Publication Pamphlet JP 2004-4176 A
- the solar cell module is generally installed on the solar radiation surface (south side in the case of the northern hemisphere) or the outer wall, and the reflected light from the solar cell module is mainly above the module installation location, that is, above the roof of the adjacent house. Reflected.
- the provided solar cell module has not been put to practical use.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell module in which an antiglare film having excellent adhesion and strength and a high antiglare effect is formed on a substrate surface, and a method for producing the same. To do.
- the present invention relates to a solar cell module including at least one solar battery cell on a first main surface of a transparent insulating substrate and an antiglare film on a second main surface of the transparent insulating substrate.
- the antiglare film is a continuous film containing transparent inorganic fine particles in an inorganic binder and having no cracks.
- the antiglare film preferably has an average film thickness d 1 of 500 nm to 2000 nm and a maximum surface height Ry 1 of 1000 nm to 10000 nm.
- the antiglare film preferably has a surface arithmetic average roughness Ra of 250 nm to 2000 nm and an uneven period Sm 1 of 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
- the ratio Ry 1 / d 1 between the anti-glare film thickness d 1 and the maximum height Ry 1 is preferably 1-20.
- the inorganic binder is preferably composed mainly of silicon oxide containing Si—O bonds obtained by hydrolysis of Si—H bonds and Si—N bonds.
- the inorganic fine particles are non-spherical particles having a crushed surface, and the average primary particle diameter calculated from cross-sectional observation of the antiglare film is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m.
- the inorganic fine particles those containing SiO 2 as a main component are preferably used.
- the solar cell module of the present invention may further include a second inorganic layer on the surface of the antiglare film opposite to the transparent insulating substrate.
- the second inorganic layer for example, average film thickness d 2 is 50 nm ⁇ 1000 nm, has a smaller refractive index than the anti Mabayumaku. According to such a configuration, since the second inorganic layer acts as an antireflection layer and reflection loss is reduced, conversion characteristics (particularly short-circuit current density) can be improved.
- the solar battery cell includes a first electrode layer, a photoelectric conversion unit, and a second electrode layer from the transparent insulating substrate side, and a linear separation groove is provided in each of these layers. And being divided into a plurality of cells, and the plurality of cells are electrically connected in series or in parallel.
- the separation groove is formed, for example, by irradiating laser light from the second main surface side of the transparent substrate.
- the solar battery cell may be a crystalline silicon solar battery cell including a crystalline silicon substrate.
- the solar cell module of the present invention can be made into a color solar cell module by further containing a pigment or dye in the antiglare film. Further, an anti-glare region in which the anti-glare film is formed on the surface of the transparent insulating substrate by forming an anti-glare film after a part of the surface of the transparent insulating substrate is coated with a mask material, and an anti-glare film It can also be set as an anti-glare pattern module provided with the non-anti-glare region in which no is formed.
- this invention relates to the manufacturing method of the said solar cell module, and the formation method of the glare-proof film for solar cell modules.
- the second main surface of the transparent insulating substrate is antiglare.
- An antiglare film forming step for forming a film is performed.
- an antiglare film is formed by applying a coating liquid for forming an antiglare film on the second main surface of the transparent insulating substrate, and then drying the solvent in the coating liquid and curing the polysilazane.
- the coating solution for forming an antiglare film preferably contains 0.01 to 20% by weight of inorganic fine particles, 0.1 to 20% by weight of polysilazane, and a solvent.
- the coating solution is prepared, for example, by adding inorganic fine particles having an average secondary particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m to the solution.
- the cell formation step is performed indoors, such as in a clean room, and then the substrate after the cell formation is carried out outdoors, and the antiglare film formation step is performed outdoors.
- the antiglare film is formed by applying the above coating liquid onto the transparent insulating substrate by a spray method.
- the present invention relates to a coating solution used for forming the antiglare film.
- a solar cell module having an antiglare film having high antiglare properties and excellent physical durability (hardness) and high adhesion to a substrate can be obtained.
- the solar cell module of the present invention can contribute to reduction of light pollution.
- the antiglare film can be formed on the substrate surface of the solar cell without performing high-temperature heating, so that the power generation characteristics of the solar battery cell are maintained, An antiglare film can be formed.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a solar cell module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- This solar cell module 100 includes a transparent insulating substrate 1 and solar cells 5 formed on the first main surface of the transparent insulating substrate 1, and an antiglare film 10 is formed on the second main surface of the translucent substrate. Prepare.
- the solar battery cell 5 includes a first electrode layer 2, a photoelectric conversion unit 3, and a second electrode layer 4 from the transparent insulating substrate 1 side.
- the solar cell 5 is divided into a plurality of regions, and each region is electrically connected in series with each other.
- the filling resin 6 and the back surface sealing plate 7 are provided on the second electrode layer 4.
- the solar cell thus sealed is attached with a frame 8 used to hold the transparent insulating substrate 1, the filling resin 6, the back surface sealing plate 7 and the like, and to be attached to a frame such as a roof. ing.
- the embodiment relating to the thin film solar cell module shown in FIG. 1 will be mainly described.
- the present invention is applied to various solar cell modules such as a crystalline silicon solar cell module using a crystalline silicon substrate. Is also applicable.
- the transparent insulating substrate 1 As the transparent insulating substrate 1, a glass plate, a plate member made of a transparent resin, a sheet member, or the like is used. In particular, a glass plate is preferable because it has high transmittance and is inexpensive.
- the solar battery cell 5 formed on the main surface opposite to the surface on which the antiglare film 10 is formed on the transparent insulating substrate 1 is not particularly limited.
- a crystalline silicon solar cell using a single crystal silicon substrate or a polycrystalline silicon substrate. Examples include batteries, silicon-based thin film solar cells using amorphous silicon thin films, crystalline silicon thin films, and the like, compound solar cells such as CIGS and CIS, organic thin film solar cells, and dye-sensitized solar cells.
- a first electrode layer 2 a photoelectric conversion unit 3, and a second electrode layer 4 are sequentially formed on a transparent insulating substrate 1.
- a transparent conductive metal oxide such as ITO, SnO 2 , or ZnO is preferably used.
- silicon-based semiconductor thin films such as amorphous silicon, amorphous silicon carbide, amorphous silicon germanium, and crystalline silicon are combined in a pin type, nip type, ni type, pn type, and the like.
- a semiconductor junction is used.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 3 may be a tandem type having a plurality of pn junctions, pin junctions, and the like.
- a reflective metal layer such as Ag or Al, a composite layer of a metal layer and a conductive metal oxide layer, or the like is used.
- a solar cell module includes a plurality of solar cells, and each solar cell is electrically connected in series or in parallel.
- a linear separation groove is provided in each layer of the first electrode layer 2, the photoelectric conversion unit 3, and the second electrode layer 4, and a plurality of cells are formed by dividing each layer into a plurality of regions.
- Each cell is preferably electrically connected.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration in which three photoelectric conversion cells are connected in series.
- an integrated solar cell in which each layer is divided into a plurality of cells by separation grooves can be formed by sequentially repeating the formation of each layer and the formation of separation grooves by patterning means such as laser scribing.
- the integrated solar cell 5 shown in FIG. 1 is manufactured by the following process.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 3 is formed on the first electrode layer 2. Thereafter, a separation groove is formed in the photoelectric conversion unit 3 and divided into predetermined patterns by laser scribing with a laser incident from the transparent insulating substrate 1 side. Thereafter, a second electrode layer is formed on the photoelectric conversion unit 3, and a separation groove is formed by blowing off the second electrode layer 4 together with the photoelectric conversion unit 3 by laser scribing with a laser incident from the transparent insulating substrate 1 side.
- the formation of the antiglare film on the transparent insulating substrate 1 is preferably performed after laser scribing.
- the filling resin 6 and the back surface sealing board 7 are provided.
- the filling resin 6 silicon, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral or the like is used, and as the back surface sealing plate, a fluorine resin film, a polyethylene terephthalate film, a metal film such as aluminum, a laminate thereof, or A film having a multilayer structure in which a thin film such as SiO 2 is laminated on these films is used.
- a conductive semiconductor layer, an electrode, or the like is formed on the silicon substrate to form a cell.
- a plurality of cells are arranged on a transparent insulating substrate via a sealing agent such as a filling resin, and each cell is electrically connected via an interconnector such as a TAB, whereby modularization is performed.
- An antiglare film 10 is provided on the light incident surface side of the transparent insulating substrate 1.
- the formation of the antiglare film is preferably performed after the formation of the solar battery cell 5 and integration by laser scribing.
- the antiglare film can be formed at any time after laser scribing, and may be immediately after scribing, after sealing with the filling resin 6 and the back surface sealing plate 7, or after the module is installed on the roof or wall surface. .
- the solar cell module before the anti-glare film is formed on the substrate surface is outdoors (for example, in the premises of the housing where the module is installed).
- An anti-glare film can also be formed after moving to, and before installing on a roof etc.
- an antiglare film is selectively formed only on a solar cell module installed in an orientation opposite to the solar radiation surface (for example, the north side in the case of the northern hemisphere) to prevent light pollution. Etc. are also possible.
- the surface on which the antiglare film 10 is formed is an incident surface of sunlight, and the antiglare film 10 has surface irregularities.
- the antiglare film 10 having surface irregularities on the light incident surface side of the transparent insulating substrate 1 sunlight reflected on the surface of the solar cell module is irregularly reflected in an unspecified direction.
- the scattered light that is irregularly reflected is not a parallel light beam, and the light reflected by the solar cell module is blurred as a whole, so that light pollution is suppressed.
- the antiglare film 10 contains an inorganic binder 11 and inorganic fine particles 12.
- the inorganic fine particles 12 non-spherical particles having a crushed surface are used.
- Non-spherical fine particles having a pulverized surface are nonuniform in particle size and shape, and therefore easily reflect light irregularly.
- the inorganic binder 11 serves to improve the adhesion strength between the fine particles and between the fine particles and the transparent insulating substrate.
- the material of the inorganic fine particles 12 examples include silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ), indium tin oxide (ITO), and magnesium fluoride (MgF). 2 ) etc. are preferred. Among these, a material having a refractive index difference close to that of the binder 11 is preferable, and a material mainly composed of silicon oxide is most preferably used. As the inorganic fine particles having a pulverized surface, for example, glass frit (powder glass) is preferably used.
- the inorganic fine particles 12 preferably have a primary average particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m to 4.0 ⁇ m, and further preferably 1.0 ⁇ m to 3.0 ⁇ m. preferable.
- the primary average particle diameter of the fine particles is calculated from the average value obtained by obtaining the particle diameter of each particle from the cross-sectional observation image of the antiglare film.
- the particle diameter of each particle is defined by the diameter of a circle having the same area as the projected area of the particle (projected area circle equivalent diameter, Heywood diameter).
- an antireflection film having a curved uneven surface on the light incident surface side of a substrate by using spherical fine particles made of acrylic, silica, or the like. Since such an antireflection film has a spherical curved surface, in addition to reducing light loss due to irregular reflection, fine particles are likely to be regularly arranged, and the antireflection effect tends to be enhanced.
- an antireflection layer is provided on the substrate surface, the amount of reflected light is reduced, but it is difficult to sufficiently suppress light pollution because it is difficult to obtain an effect of irregularly reflecting light in an unspecified direction. is there.
- the surface of the antiglare film 10 since the surface of the antiglare film 10 has fine particles 12 having a pulverized surface, the size and shape of the irregularities formed on the surface of the antiglare film are random, causing irregular reflection of light. Cheap. Therefore, the reflected light from the antiglare film 10 on the surface of the solar cell module is blurred as a whole, the reflected light is reduced from being irradiated in a specific direction, and light pollution is suppressed.
- silicon oxide is preferably used as the inorganic binder 11 of the antiglare film 10, and among these, silicon oxide containing Si—O bonds obtained by hydrolysis of Si—H bonds and Si—N bonds. A thing is used suitably.
- the silicon oxide contains Si—O bond by hydrolysis of Si—H bond or Si—N bond, in addition to the high transparency of the binder, adhesion with a transparent insulating substrate such as glass, Excellent light resistance and hardness.
- the present inventors formed an antiglare film using a sol-gel material such as a partially hydrolyzed condensate of alkyl silicate, which has been conventionally proposed as a binder material for an antiglare film
- a sol-gel material such as a partially hydrolyzed condensate of alkyl silicate
- the obtained silicon oxide A large number of cracks occurred in the material film, and it was inferior in hardness and durability. This is due to the stress of the interface between the transparent insulating substrate (glass plate) and the antiglare film due to the shrinkage of the material when silicon oxide is formed by reaction hardening and the influence of subsequent heat and moisture. was estimated to have occurred.
- particles having a crushed surface such as glass frit are more likely to be randomly arranged in the antiglare film than the spherical particles, and the antiglare film is in a state where a part of the fine particles are exposed from the film surface. Easy to form. For this reason, when alkyl silicate or the like is used as the binder material for the antiglare film, when an external force such as frictional force is applied to the antiglare film, there is a problem that fine particles are peeled off from the surface of the antiglare film.
- silicon oxide containing Si—O bonds obtained by hydrolysis of Si—H bonds or Si—N bonds is free of fine particles having a ground surface such as glass frit. Since it can be firmly fixed inside, it is possible to form an antiglare film having excellent friction resistance and no cracks.
- the antiglare film 10 is preferably a continuous film that does not have cracks.
- “No cracks” means that 5 points are randomly extracted from the range of 10 cm square of the antiglare film, and a 5000 times SEM plane observation is performed. It refers to those where no cracks are observed.
- the fact that Si—O bond is obtained by hydrolysis of Si—H bond is that there is a peak near 2160 cm ⁇ 1 derived from Si—H bond in the infrared spectrum immediately after application of the binder material, and the peak There can be confirmed by well as decreases over time or lost, around 1060 cm -1 derived from Si-O bond, a peak around 800 cm -1 and around 450 cm -1 occurrence increases.
- the Si—O bond can be obtained by the hydrolysis of the Si—N bond, indicating that there is a peak near 840 cm ⁇ 1 derived from the Si—N bond in the infrared spectrum immediately after application of the binder material. and together with the peaks decreases over time or lost, around 1060 cm -1 derived from Si-O bond can be confirmed by a peak around 800 cm -1 and around 450 cm -1 appearance, increases.
- the binder material is a hydrolyzed product of perhydropolysilazane (— [SiH 2 —NH] n —)
- the peak around 3370 cm ⁇ 1 derived from the N—H bond decreases with time. Disappear.
- the film thickness d 1 of the antiglare film 10 is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.75 ⁇ m to 1.75 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m to 1.5 ⁇ m. If the thickness d 1 is 0.5 ⁇ m or more, it can be firmly adhered to irregular particles average primary particle size of greater than 0.1 ⁇ m on the substrate surface. If the film thickness d 1 is 2 ⁇ m or less, surface irregularities that follow the shape of the fine particles are easily formed on the surface of the anti-glare film 10, so that a film having high anti-glare properties can be obtained. When the antiglare film 10 is formed by a coating method, the film thickness d 1 can be calculated from the solid content concentration, the coating amount, and the coating area of the coating liquid for forming the antiglare film.
- the maximum height Ry 1 of the surface of the antiglare film 10 is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 ⁇ m to 8 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 5 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m.
- the maximum height Ry 1 is a value represented by the distance between the peak line and the valley bottom line of the extracted portion of a roughness curve obtained by a laser microscope, which is extracted by a reference length (0.8 m) in the direction of the average line. is there.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the antiglare film 10 surface is preferably 250 nm to 2000 nm. 300 nm to 1500 nm is more preferable, 500 nm to 1250 nm is more preferable, and 750 nm to 1000 nm is still more preferable.
- the irregularity period Sm on the surface of the antiglare film 10 is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m, and further preferably 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- the concavo-convex cycle Sm is an average value of intervals between peak-valley cycles obtained from an intersection where a roughness curve obtained by a laser microscope intersects an average line.
- the maximum height Ry 1 , the arithmetic average roughness Ra 1 , and the uneven period Sm 1 are measured in accordance with JIS B0601-1994, except for the conditions described here.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra and the uneven period Sm can be adjusted by changing the content of the fine particles with respect to the binder and the particle diameter of the fine particles, for example. As the particle size of the fine particles increases, the arithmetic average roughness Ra tends to increase, and as the content of the fine particles increases, the unevenness period Sm tends to decrease.
- Thickness d 1 and a ratio Ry 1 / d 1 between the maximum height Ry 1 of anti-glare film 10 is 1 or more.
- Ry 1 / d 1 is 1 or more, it means that the difference in height of the surface unevenness is equal to or greater than the average film thickness of the antiglare film. It means having.
- the anti-glare film 10 since the anti-glare film 10 has highly uneven surface irregularities, a high irregular reflection effect is obtained.
- an antiglare film having a large surface undulation as described above can be obtained by using non-spherical fine particles having a pulverized surface.
- Ry 1 / d 1 is preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 5 to 16, and further preferably 9 to 12.
- a method for forming the antiglare film 10 on the transparent insulating substrate 1 is not particularly limited, but a method of applying a solution containing a silicon oxide binder or a precursor thereof and fine particles on the transparent insulating substrate 1 is suitable.
- the coating method include a dipping method, a spin coating method, a bar coating method, a die coating method, a roll coating method (printing method), a flow coating method, and a spray method.
- the spray method is preferable because it does not require special equipment and an anti-glare film can be easily formed on the insulating substrate even after sealing the cell or installing the module on a roof or the like.
- polymers containing Si—H bonds and Si—N bonds are preferably used as the silicon oxide precursor contained in the coating solution for forming the antiglare film 10.
- Polysilazane is preferred as the polymer containing Si—H bonds and Si—N bonds.
- Polysilazane is a polymer whose basic unit is a Si—N bond (silazane bond). It is a material that reacts with moisture in the atmosphere to hydrolyze Si—H bonds and Si—N bonds and convert them into SiO 2. is there.
- Polysilazanes include perhydropolysilazanes that do not have an organic group in the molecule and are composed of repeating basic units represented by — [SiH 2 —NH] —, and a part of alkyl bonded to hydrogen bonded to silicon and / or nitrogen. And organopolysilazane substituted with an organic group such as a group.
- perhydropolysilazane is preferably used from the viewpoint of increasing the content of Si—O bonds derived from Si—H bonds and obtaining an antiglare film having excellent adhesion and strength. Further, a mixture of perhydropolysilazane and organopolysilazane may be used.
- a coating solution containing 0.01 to 20% by weight of inorganic fine particles, 0.1 to 20% by weight of polysilazane and a solvent is preferably used.
- the solvent those that dissolve polysilazane and are excellent in dispersibility of inorganic fine particles are preferably used, and xylene, dibutyl ether, and the like are particularly preferably used.
- the concentration of polysilazane in the coating solution for forming an antiglare film is preferably 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight, more preferably 1% by weight to 10% by weight, and further preferably 2% by weight to 5% by weight.
- the coating solution has a solution viscosity suitable for coating by a spray method or the like, and an antiglare film having a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m or more can be stably formed.
- the concentration of the inorganic fine particles in the coating solution for forming an antiglare film is preferably 0.01% by weight to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight, and further preferably 1% by weight to 5% by weight. . If the fine particle concentration in the coating solution is within the above range, the fine particles are appropriately dispersed in the polysilazane, and an antiglare film having excellent antiglare properties can be easily obtained.
- inorganic fine particles in the antiglare film inorganic fine particles having a pulverized surface are used as described above, and glass frit is preferably used.
- glass frit or the like having a primary particle diameter of about 1 ⁇ m aggregates in air and in solution to form secondary particles.
- the fine particles used in the coating solution preferably have an average secondary particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m to 7.5 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
- the average secondary particle diameter of the fine particles is measured by a dynamic light scattering method.
- polysilazane is excellent in embedding in fine gaps, and therefore can penetrate into fine gaps between primary particles even when fine particles are aggregated. Therefore, according to the present invention, despite the use of irregularly shaped fine particles having a crushed surface, the adhesiveness between the transparent insulating substrate 1 and the binder 11 and the inorganic fine particles 12 is excellent, and cracks are present.
- An antiglare film 10 having no continuous film can be formed.
- the content of the inorganic fine particles in the coating solution for forming an antiglare film is preferably 10 to 200 parts by weight, more preferably 20 to 100 parts by weight, and more preferably 40 to 80 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder. Part by weight is more preferred.
- the maximum height Ry 1 of the surface of the antiglare film 10 after coating and the ratio Ry 1 / d 1 between the film thickness d 1 and the maximum height Ry 1 increase. There is a tendency for scattering to be enhanced.
- the relative content of the fine particles is excessively large, the hardness in the antiglare film may be lowered, or the fine particles may be insufficiently fixed in the antiglare film.
- the coating solution used for forming the antiglare film may contain components other than the binder, fine particles and solvent.
- a catalyst can be contained in the coating solution.
- the catalyst examples include 1-methylpiperazine, 1-methylpiperidine, 4,4′-trimethylenedipiperidine, 4,4′-trimethylenebis (1-methylpiperidine), diazabicyclo- [2,2,2] octane, Cis-2,6-dimethylpiperazine, 4- (4-methylpiperidine) pyridine, pyridine, dipyridine, ⁇ -picoline, ⁇ -picoline, ⁇ -picoline, piperidine, lutidine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, 4,4'-trimethylene N-heterocyclic compounds such as dipyridine, 2- (methylamino) pyridine, pyrazine, quinoline, quinoxaline, triazine, pyrrole, 3-pyrroline, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole, 1-methylpyrrolidine; methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine , Ethylamine, diethylamine, Ethylamine, propy
- organic acids include acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, maleic acid, stearic acid, and inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chloric acid, hypochlorous acid, etc. Is mentioned.
- the metal carboxylate has the formula: (RCOO) nM [wherein R represents an aliphatic group or an alicyclic group and has 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and M represents Ni, Ti, Pt, Rh, Co.
- the metal carboxylate may be an anhydride or a hydrate.
- An acetylacetona complex is a complex in which an anion generated by acid dissociation from acetylacetone (2,4-pentadione) is coordinated to a metal atom, and generally has the formula (CH 3 COCHCOCH 3 ) nM [wherein M represents an n-valent metal. ] Is represented.
- Suitable metals M include, for example, nickel, platinum, palladium, aluminum, rhodium and the like.
- organic metal compounds such as peroxide, metal chloride, ferrocene, zirconocene and the like can also be used.
- the content of the catalyst in the coating solution is preferably about 0.5 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of polysilazane.
- a colored antiglare film can also be formed by adding a pigment or a dye to the antiglare film forming coating solution.
- the kind of the pigment or dye is not particularly limited, but the pigment is preferably one that can be well dispersed in the solvent of the coating solution, and the dye is preferably one that dissolves in the solvent of the coating solution.
- the particle diameter of the pigment is preferably small, and preferably about 50 nm to 200 nm.
- the content of the dye or pigment varies depending on the color to be colored and the type of the dye / pigment, but is preferably about 30 to 60 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the solid content of the antiglare film.
- a color solar cell module as shown in FIG. 3 can be produced by adding a pigment or a dye to the antiglare film 10 and coloring the antiglare film, thereby improving the design of the module or design variations. Can be expanded. Moreover, since the anti-glare film 10 has fine particles, the color developability of pigments and dyes tends to be improved. Therefore, by adding a pigment or a dye to the antiglare film to form a colored layer, a colored antiglare film having excellent colorability and clear color development can be obtained.
- an appropriate method such as a spray method can be employed as described above.
- Polysilazane can be cured even at room temperature and normal pressure. Therefore, it can be said that the spray method in which the coating solution can be stored in a sealed state until just before use is a coating method with excellent productivity.
- the antiglare film 10 may be formed on the entire surface of the transparent insulating substrate 1 or may be formed on only a part thereof. For example, an anti-glare region where an anti-glare film is formed on the transparent insulating substrate 1 and a non-glare region where no anti-glare film is formed can be formed.
- a pattern anti-glare film may be formed by forming the anti-glare region and the non-glare region into a predetermined pattern. For example, before forming the anti-glare film, a mask material such as a water-resistant tape is attached to a part of the surface of the transparent insulating substrate 1 to cover the substrate surface, and selectively anti-glare to an area where no mask is attached.
- a solar cell module with a pattern antiglare film as shown in FIG. 4 may be formed.
- the character portion is formed as a non-glare-proof region by forming an anti-glare film after covering the character portion with a mask material.
- the character portion is made an anti-glare region by forming an anti-glare film after covering the portion other than the character with a mask material.
- the shape of the anti-glare region or the non-glare region is not particularly limited, and may be a mark, a pattern, a pattern, or the like in addition to characters.
- the wettability of the substrate surface can also be improved by performing alkali cleaning, serico cleaning, or the like on the substrate surface before applying the coating liquid to the transparent insulating substrate 1.
- polysilazane is excellent in adhesion (affinity) with glass and has a high embedding property in fine gaps. Therefore, in the present invention, pretreatment for increasing the wettability of the substrate surface is performed. It can be omitted to increase productivity.
- the pretreatment of the substrate can be omitted because the formation of the antiglare film is facilitated.
- the solvent of the coating solution is dried and the polysilazane is cured to form an antiglare film.
- the drying of the solvent in the coating liquid and the curing of the polysilazane are preferably performed at 80 ° C. or lower. . If drying and curing are performed at such a low temperature, it is possible to suppress a decrease in power generation characteristics due to thermal deterioration of the amorphous silicon semiconductor or the like in the solar battery cell. In particular, in the present invention, drying and curing are preferably performed at normal temperature and normal pressure.
- drying and curing are preferably performed at room temperature and normal pressure from the viewpoint of facilitating the formation of the antiglare film.
- the normal temperature / normal pressure refers to an environment in which no artificial heating, pressurization / depressurization from the outside is performed as in a normal outdoor environment.
- the antiglare film thus obtained has excellent adhesion to the transparent insulating substrate 1 and is less prone to cracks and has high antiglare properties.
- the pencil hardness by the pencil hardness test (JIS K5600) of the anti-glare film 10 is preferably 3H or more, more preferably 5H or more, and further preferably 6H or more.
- the solar cell module of the present invention may further have another layer on the antiglare film 10.
- a solar cell module including the second inorganic layer 20 on the antiglare film 10 is illustrated.
- the second inorganic layer 21 can function as an antireflection layer, an antifouling layer, or the like.
- an average thickness d 2 is 50 nm ⁇ 1000 nm, by providing the second inorganic layer 21 having a smaller refractive index than the anti-glare film, anti-glare properties by anti-glare film 10 While maintaining, it is possible to reduce the reflection of incident light at the interface and enhance the conversion characteristics.
- the second inorganic layer 20 contains a binder 21.
- the binder 21 constituting the second inorganic layer 20 is preferably a material having excellent adhesion to the antiglare film 10, and an inorganic binder is suitably used.
- the inorganic binder 21 is not particularly limited as long as it has transparency, but a silicon-based compound is preferable, and silicon oxide is particularly preferable. If the binder 11 of the antiglare film and the binder 21 of the second inorganic layer are the same material, the adhesion at the interface is excellent and the fine particles 12 in the antiglare film 10 are prevented from being detached from the film surface. It is easy to obtain a high-strength film that can contribute.
- the second inorganic layer 20 is preferably curable at a low temperature, more preferably at a normal temperature and a normal pressure. Therefore, as the binder 21 of the second inorganic layer, silicon oxide having polysilazane as a precursor (that is, silicon oxide containing Si—O bonds formed by hydrolysis of Si—H bonds or Si—N bonds) is used. Are particularly preferably used.
- the average film thickness d2 of the second inorganic layer 20 is preferably 50 nm to 1000 nm, more preferably 75 nm to 750 nm, and further preferably 100 nm to 500 nm.
- the average thickness d 1 and a ratio d 2 / d 1 between the average thickness d 2 of the second inorganic layer 20 of the anti-glare film 10 is preferably 0.025-0.5, 0.04 to 0 .4 is more preferable, and 0.06 to 0.3 is more preferable.
- the film thickness d 2 of the second inorganic layer 20 is preferably 0.025 to 0.8 times the average primary particle size of the fine particles 12 in the antiglare film 10, and preferably 0.04 to 0. 0.7 times is more preferable, and 0.06 times to 0.6 times is more preferable.
- the film thickness d 2 is solid concentration of the coating solution can be calculated from the coating weight and coating area.
- the average refractive index n 2 of the second inorganic layer 20 is preferably smaller than the average refractive index n 1 of the antiglare film 10.
- the difference between n 1 and n 2 is preferably 0.03 or more, more preferably 0.05 or more, still more preferably 0.07 or more, and particularly preferably 0.10 or more.
- the average refractive index n 1 of the antiglare film 10 mainly made of silicon oxide is about 1.45 to 1.55, whereas the average refractive index n 2 of the second inorganic layer 20 is 1.45 or less. Is preferable, and 1.40 or less is more preferable.
- the second inorganic layer has a lower refractive index by containing inorganic fine particles 22 having a lower refractive index than that of the binder 21 in the second inorganic layer 20.
- the difference between the refractive index of the binder 21 and the refractive index of the fine particles 22 is preferably 0.05 or more, more preferably 0.10 or more, and further preferably 0.13 or more.
- the average primary particle diameter calculated from cross-sectional observation is preferably 10 nm to 300 nm, more preferably 20 nm to 150 nm, and further preferably 30 nm to 100 nm. Further, from the viewpoint of relaxing the uneven shape on the surface of the antiglare film 10, the average primary particle size of the inorganic fine particles 22 in the second inorganic layer 20 is larger than the average primary particle size of the inorganic fine particles 12 in the antiglare film 10. Small is preferable.
- the particle size of the fine particles 22 in the second inorganic layer 20 is 300 nm or less, the particle size is smaller than the main wavelength range of sunlight, so that light is refracted / reflected / scattered at the interface between the binder 21 and the fine particles 22. Is suppressed. Therefore, the refractive index of the second inorganic layer 20 is lowered, and loss due to reflection / scattering of the light incident on the antiglare film 50 is reduced. Moreover, if the particle size of the fine particles 22 is 10 nm or more, the fine particles 22 can be well dispersed in the film.
- the material of the fine particles 22 in the second inorganic layer 20 is not particularly limited as long as the refractive index is lower than that of the binder 21.
- a metal fluoride such as magnesium fluoride can be used assuming that the material itself has a low refractive index.
- hollow particles can also be used as the low refractive particles. Since the hollow particles have an intermediate refractive index between the constituent material and air, they are suitable for lowering the refractive index.
- hollow silica particles are preferable from the viewpoint of dispersibility in the film and strength, and among them, hollow colloidal silica particles are preferably used.
- the content is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of achieving a low refractive index, the amount is preferably 10 parts by weight or more with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder, 30% by weight. More preferably, the amount is more preferably 40 parts by weight or more.
- the upper limit of the content of the fine particles 22 is not particularly limited, but if the relative content of the fine particles 22 is excessively large, the hardness of the second inorganic layer may be lowered or the fine particles may not be firmly fixed. Therefore, the content of the fine particles 22 is preferably 300 parts by weight or less, more preferably 200 parts by weight or less, and further preferably 150 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder.
- the method for forming the second inorganic layer 20 on the antiglare film 10 is not particularly limited.
- a second inorganic layer is formed by applying a coating solution containing a binder and, if necessary, fine particles by a coating method such as a spray method, and drying and curing. it can.
- an antiglare film is formed on a glass plate on which solar cells are not formed and evaluated in order to clarify the difference in characteristics of the antiglare film.
- the abrasion resistance of the antiglare film was evaluated by the pencil hardness of the pencil strength test (JIS K5600).
- the antiglare property is obtained by visually observing the reflected light of a white fluorescent lamp irradiated on a glass substrate on which an antiglare film is formed. It was evaluated in five stages, up to “what can be seen straight” (evaluation E: equivalent to a glass substrate on which no antiglare film is formed).
- Example 1 Preparation of coating solution
- a polysilazane-containing solution (trade name “AQUAMICA NAX120-20” manufactured by AZ Electromaterial Co., Ltd. containing perhydropolysilazane having a solid content of 20% by weight in dibutyl ether)
- To 5 parts by weight 1.5 parts by weight of crushed glass powder (manufactured by Nippon Frit Co., Ltd., average secondary particle size: 1.0 ⁇ m) is added, and further 86.0 parts by weight of dibutyl ether is added as a solvent and applied.
- a liquid was prepared.
- This coating solution contained 60 parts by weight of fine particles with respect to 100 parts by weight of polysilazane, and the total solid content concentration was 4% by weight.
- a transparent glass substrate of a solar cell having a thickness of 3.2 mm and a size of 1400 mm ⁇ 1100 mm was washed with tap water, and then water droplets were blown off with an air knife, followed by drying.
- the above coating solution is applied to one surface of the glass substrate after drying by a spray method so that the film thickness after drying is 1.0 ⁇ m, and the coating film is dried at room temperature, and then left at room temperature for 24 hours. Then, the binder was cured to obtain an antiglare film containing silicon oxide as a main component.
- the glass substrate on which the antiglare film was formed was left in the outdoor environment for 2 months, and the infrared spectrum was measured again. As a result, the peaks near 2160 cm ⁇ 1 , 840 cm ⁇ 1 , and 3370 cm ⁇ 1 disappeared. It was confirmed that Si—O bonds were generated by hydrolysis of Si—H bonds and Si—N bonds.
- Example 2 A coating solution similar to that in Example 1 was prepared, and a glass substrate was immersed in this coating solution, and the coating was lifted at a speed of 500 mm / min and applied by a dipping method. Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, the coating film was dried and cured at room temperature.
- Example 3 In the adjustment of the coating solution, the coating solution was adjusted and the antiglare film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that crushed glass powder having an average secondary particle size of 2.9 ⁇ m was used.
- a coating solution for forming an antiglare film As a coating solution for forming an antiglare film, a mixture of 40.5 g of water, 281.9 g of isopropyl alcohol, and 35.4 g of 1.63% hydrochloric acid, an oligomer of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as a binder (degree of polymerization n: 4-6) 33.0 g and 27.0 g of pulverized glass powder (manufactured by Nippon Frit Co., Ltd., average secondary particle size: 1.0 ⁇ m) as fine particles were sequentially added and mixed with stirring at room temperature for 4 hours.
- TEOS tetraethylorthosilicate
- Example 2 On one surface of the same glass substrate as used in Example 1, the above coating solution was applied by a spray method so that the film thickness after drying was 2.5 ⁇ m, and baked at 200 ° C. for 60 minutes. The coating film was cured by performing a treatment to obtain an antiglare film containing silicon oxide as a main component.
- the infrared spectrum of the binder portion (portion other than the fine particles) of the antiglare film was measured by microinfrared spectroscopy, no peak was confirmed in the vicinity of 2160 cm ⁇ 1 .
- Comparative Example 2 A coating solution similar to that of Comparative Example 1 was prepared, and a glass substrate was immersed in this coating solution and pulled up at a speed of 500 mm / min and applied by a dipping method. Thereafter, similarly to Comparative Example 1, the coating film was dried and cured by heating.
- Example 4 The coating liquid was the same as in Example 1 except that spherical glass beads (Potters Barotini, average secondary particle size: 5.0 ⁇ m) were used as the inorganic fine particles instead of the pulverized glass powder. And an antiglare film were formed.
- spherical glass beads Pigments Barotini, average secondary particle size: 5.0 ⁇ m
- Comparative Example 1 in which an anti-glare film was formed by spraying a coating solution containing tetraethylorthosilicate, which is a sol-gel material, as a binder, cracks originated from the vicinity of the surface of fine particles, (FIG. 16) confirmed film peeling.
- Comparative Example 2 in which the antiglare film was formed by the dipping method, generation of cracks was suppressed as compared to Comparative Example 1, but SEM plane observation (FIG. 18) and cross-sectional observation (FIG. 18) at a magnification of 5000 times. In 19), cracks starting from the vicinity of the surface of the fine particles were confirmed.
- Comparative Example 3 in which a UV curable resin was used as the binder, cracks as in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were not confirmed, but the pencil hardness was HB, and the solar cell module that was exposed to the outdoor environment for a long time was prevented. The dazzling film lacked strength.
- Comparative Example 4 a polysilazane material is used as a binder, and an antiglare film having Si—O bonds by hydrolysis of Si—H bonds and Si—N bonds is formed, so that cracks are generated in the antiglare films.
- the pencil hardness was 6H or more and had a sufficient hardness.
- the antiglare film of Comparative Example 4 was not sufficient in antiglare properties. This is considered to be because light is hardly diffusely reflected because the convex portions of the fine particles are curved as shown in the cross-sectional SEM photograph of FIG.
- Examples 1 to 3 in which a polysilazane material is used as the binder and pulverized glass powder is used as the fine particles, the average particle size of the fine particles and the coating method of the coating liquid on the glass substrate are high. It can be seen that an antiglare film having antiglare properties and film strength is formed at the same time.
- Example 3 in which the arithmetic average roughness of the antiglare film was increased to 0.8 ⁇ m by increasing the particle diameter of the fine particles showed high antiglare property.
- Comparative Example 4 in which glass beads are used as the fine particles, the antiglare property is inferior although Ra 1 is larger than those in Examples 1 to 3. This is because, in Examples 1 to 3, light is irregularly reflected by using non-spherical particles whose surface is a pulverized surface as inorganic fine particles, which is higher in antiglare property than Comparative Example 4 in which spherical fine particles are used.
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Description
図1は、本発明による一実施形態の太陽電池モジュールの概略構成を示す断面図である。この太陽電池モジュール100は、透明絶縁基板1と、透明絶縁基板1の第一の主面に形成された太陽電池セル5を備え、透光性基板の第二の主面に防眩膜10を備える。
防眩膜10は、無機バインダ11および無機微粒子12を含有する。
無機微粒子12としては、表面が粉砕面からなる非球状粒子が用いられる。表面が粉砕面からなる非球状微粒子は、粒子の大きさおよび形状が不均一であるため、光を乱反射させやすい。無機バインダ11は、微粒子同士、および微粒子と透明絶縁基板との間の付着強度を向上させる役目を果たす。
無機微粒子12の材料としては、酸化シリコン(SiO2)、酸化チタン(TiO2)、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)、酸化インジウム錫(ITO)、フッ化マグネシウム(MgF2)等が好ましい。中でも、バインダ11と屈折率差の近い材料が好ましく、酸化シリコンを主成分とするものが最も好適に用いられる。粉砕面を有する無機微粒子としては、例えばガラスフリット(粉末ガラス)が好適に用いられる。
本発明において、防眩膜10の無機バインダ11としては、シリコン酸化物が好適に用いられ、中でも、Si-H結合およびSi-N結合の加水分解によって得られるSi-O結合を含有するシリコン酸化物が好適に用いられる。シリコン酸化物が、Si-H結合やSi-N結合の加水分解によるSi-O結合を含有する場合、バインダの透明性が高いことに加えて、ガラス等の透明絶縁基板との密着性や、耐光性、硬度等に優れる。
防眩膜10の膜厚d1は、0.5μm~2μmが好ましく、0.75μm~1.75μmがより好ましく、1.0μm~1.5μmがさらに好ましい。膜厚d1が0.5μm以上であれば、一次平均粒径が0.1μmを超える不定形粒子を基板表面に強固に付着することができる。また、膜厚d1が2μm以下であれば、防眩膜10の表面に、微粒子の形状に倣った表面凹凸が形成され易いため、防眩性の高い膜とすることができる。防眩膜10が塗布法により形成される場合、膜厚d1は、防眩膜形成用塗布液の固形分濃度、塗布量および塗布面積から算出することができる。
透明絶縁基板1上に防眩膜10を形成する方法は特に制限されないが、シリコン酸化物バインダあるいはその前駆体、および微粒子を含有する溶液を、透明絶縁基板1上に塗布する方法が適している。塗布方法としては、ディッピング法、スピンコート法、バーコート法、ダイコート法、ロールコート法(印刷法)、フローコート法、スプレー法等が挙げられる。これらの塗布法のうち、スプレー法は特別な設備を必要とせず、セルの封止後や、モジュールを屋根等に設置した後でも、絶縁基板上に防眩膜を容易に形成できるため好ましい。
本発明の太陽電池モジュールは、防眩膜10上に、さらに他の層を有していてもよい。図2では、防眩膜10上に第二の無機層20を備える太陽電池モジュールが図示されている。第二の無機層21は、反射防止層や防汚層等として機能し得る。例えば、防眩膜10上に、平均膜厚d2が50nm~1000nmで、防眩膜よりも小さな屈折率を有する第二の無機層21を備えることにより、防眩膜10による防眩性を維持しつつ、界面での入射光の反射を低減して、変換特性を高めることができる。
(塗布液の調製)
防眩膜形成用の塗布液として、ポリシラザン含有溶液(ジブチルエーテル中に固形分濃度20重量%のパーヒドロポリシラザンを含有するAZエレクトロマテリアル株式会社製の商品名:「アクアミカ NAX120-20」)12.5重量部に、粉砕ガラス粉末(日本フリット株式会社製、平均二次粒子径:1.0μm)を1.5重量部添加し、さらに溶媒としてジブチルエーテルを86.0重量部添加して、塗布液を調製した。この塗布液は、ポリシラザン100重量部に対して微粒子を60重量部含有し、総固形分濃度は4重量%であった。
厚み3.2mm、サイズ1400mm×1100mmの太陽電池の透明ガラス基板を水道水により洗浄した後、エアナイフにて水滴を飛ばし、乾燥を行った。乾燥後のガラス基板の一方の面に、上記の塗布液を、乾燥後の膜厚が1.0μmとなるようにスプレー法により塗布し、室温で塗布膜を乾燥した後、室温で24時間放置して、バインダを硬化させ、シリコン酸化物を主成分とする防眩膜とした。顕微赤外分光法により、この24時間放置後の防眩膜のバインダ部分(微粒子以外の部分)の赤外スペクトルを測定したところ、Si-O結合由来の1060cm-1付近、800cm-1付近および450cm-1付近のピークに加えて、2160cm-1付近(Si-H結合)、840cm-1付近(Si-N結合)、および3370cm-1付近(N-H結合)にピークが確認された。
実施例1と同様の塗布液を調製し、この塗布液中に、ガラス基板を浸漬し、速度500mm/分で引き上げてディッピング法により塗布を行った。その後、実施例1と同様に、室温で塗布膜の乾燥および硬化を行った。
塗布液の調整において、平均二次粒子径が2.9μmの粉砕ガラス粉末が用いられたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、塗布液の調整および防眩膜の形成が行われた。
(塗布液の調製)
防眩膜形成用の塗布液として、水40.5g、イソプロピルアルコール281.9g、および1.63%塩酸35.4gの混合液に、バインダとしてテトラエチルオルトケイ酸
(TEOS)のオリゴマー(重合度n:4~6)33.0g、および微粒子として粉砕ガラス粉末(日本フリット株式会社製、平均二次粒子径:1.0μm)27.0gを順次添加して、室温で4時間攪拌混合した。その後、希釈溶媒として、イソプロパノール482.1gを添加して撹拌し、テトラエトキシシラン100重量部に対して微粒子を82重量部含有し、総固形分濃度が6.7重量%の塗布液を調製した。
実施例1で用いたのと同様のガラス基板の一方の面に、上記の塗布液を、乾燥後の膜厚が2.5μmとなるようにスプレー法により塗布し、200℃で60分間の焼成処理を行って塗布膜を硬化させ、シリコン酸化物を主成分とする防眩膜とした。顕微赤外分光法により、この防眩膜のバインダ部分(微粒子以外の部分)の赤外スペクトルを測定したところ、2160cm-1付近にピークは確認されなかった。
比較例1と同様の塗布液を調製し、この塗布液中に、ガラス基板を浸漬し、速度500mm/分で引き上げてディッピング法により塗布を行った。その後、比較例1と同様に、加熱による塗布膜の乾燥および硬化を行った。
(塗布液の調製)
防眩膜形成用の塗布液として、アクリル系のUV硬化樹脂(ADEKA社製の商品名:「FX-V5400」)80重量部、ジブチルエーテル15重量部、および粉砕ガラス粉末(日本フリット株式会社製、平均二次粒子径:1.0μm)5重量部を混合、撹拌して、
樹脂100重量部に対する微粒子の含有量が78重量部、総固形分濃度が45.6重量%の塗布液を調製した。
実施例1で用いたのと同様のガラス基板の一方の面に、上記の塗布液を、乾燥後の膜厚が5μmとなるようにバーコータ法により塗布し、80℃の熱風乾燥処理を30分間施した後、紫外線(波長365nm):5000mJを照射して塗布膜を硬化させ、防眩膜とした。
無機微粒子として、粉砕ガラス粉末に代えて球形のガラスビーズ(ポッターズ・バロティーニ社製、平均二次粒子径:5.0μm)が用いられたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、塗布液の調整および防眩膜の形成が行われた。
上記各実施例および比較例で得られた防眩膜の評価結果を、各実施例で用いた塗布液の組成、塗布方法とともに表1に示す。また、実施例1の防眩膜の表面SEM観察像および断面観察像を図5~図7に、実施例2の防眩膜の表面SEM観察像および断面観察像を図8~図10に、実施例3の防眩膜の表面SEM観察像および断面観察像を図11~図13に、比較例1の防眩膜の表面SEM観察像および断面観察像を図14~図16に、比較例2の防眩膜の表面SEM観察像および断面観察像を図17~図19に、比較例4の防眩膜の表面SEM観察像および断面観察像を図20~図22に、それぞれ示す。
20 無機層
11 バインダ
12 微粒子
1 透明絶縁基板
2,4 電極層
3 光電変換ユニット
5 太陽電池セル
6 充填樹脂
7 裏面封止板
8 フレーム
Claims (16)
- 透明絶縁基板の第一の主面に少なくとも1つの太陽電池セルを備え、前記透明絶縁基板の第二の主面に防眩膜を備える太陽電池モジュールであって、
前記防眩膜は、無機バインダ中に透明な無機微粒子を含有しており、クラックを有していない連続皮膜であり、
前記防眩膜は、平均膜厚d1が500nm~2000nm、表面の最大高さRy1が1000nm~10000nmであり、
前記無機バインダは、Si-H結合およびSi-N結合の加水分解によって得られる、Si-O結合を含有するシリコン酸化物を主成分とするものであり、
前記無機微粒子は、表面が粉砕面からなる非球状粒子であり、防眩膜の断面観察から算出される平均一次粒子径が0.1μm~5.0μmである、
太陽電池モジュール。 - 前記防眩膜は、表面の算術平均粗さRa1が250nm~2000nmであり、かつ凹凸周期Sm1が1μm~30μmである、請求項1に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記防眩膜は、膜厚d1と最大高さRy1との比Ry1/d1が1~20である、請求項1または2に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記無機微粒子は、SiO2を主成分とするものである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記防眩膜の透明絶縁性基板と反対側の面に、さらに第二の無機層を備え、
前記第二の無機層は、平均膜厚d2が50nm~1000nmであり、前記防眩膜よりも小さな屈折率を有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池モジュール。 - 前記少なくとも1つの太陽電池セルは、前記透明絶縁基板側から第一電極層、光電変換ユニットおよび第二電極層を備え、これらの各層に線状の分離溝が設けられることにより複数のセルに分割されるとともに、複数のセルが電気的に直列または並列に接続されている、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記少なくとも1つの太陽電池セルは、結晶シリコン基板を備える結晶シリコン系太陽電池セルである、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記透明絶縁基板の第二の主面上に、前記防眩膜が形成された防眩領域と、防眩膜が形成されていない非防眩領域とを有する、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記防眩膜の膜中に、顔料または染料をさらに含有する、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池モジュールを製造する方法であって、
前記透明絶縁基板の第一の主面に太陽電池セルが形成されるセル形成工程後に、前記透明絶縁基板の第二の主面に防眩膜形成用塗布液が塗布されて防眩膜が形成される防眩膜形成工程が実施される、太陽電池モジュールの製造方法。 - 請求項6に記載の太陽電池モジュールを製造する方法であって、
前記透明絶縁基板の第一の主面に太陽電池セルが形成されるセル形成工程後に、前記透明絶縁基板の第二の主面に防眩膜形成用塗布液が塗布されて防眩膜が形成される防眩膜形成工程が実施され、
前記セル形成工程において、前記透明絶縁基板の第二の主面側からレーザ光が照射されることにより、前記分離溝が形成される、太陽電池モジュールの製造方法。 - 前記防眩膜形成工程において、無機微粒子0.01~20重量%、ポリシラザン0.1~20重量%および溶媒を含有する防眩膜形成用塗布液が、透明絶縁基板の第二の主面上に塗布された後、
前記防眩膜形成用塗布液中の溶媒が乾燥されるとともにポリシラザンが硬化される、請求項10または11に記載の太陽電池モジュールの製造方法。 - 平均二次粒子径が0.1μm~10μmの無機微粒子が液中に添加されることにより前記防眩膜形成用塗布液が調製される、請求項12に記載の太陽電池モジュールの製造方法。
- 前記セル形成工程が屋内で行われた後、セル形成後の基板が屋外に搬出され、前記防眩膜形成工程が屋外で行われ、前記透明絶縁基板の第二の主面上への前記防眩膜形成用塗布液の塗布がスプレー法により行われる、請求項10~13のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池モジュールの製造方法。
- 請求項10~14のいずれか1項に記載の太陽電池モジュールの製造方法に用いられる防眩膜形成用塗布液であって、無機微粒子0.01~20重量%、ポリシラザン0.1~20重量%および溶媒を含有する、防眩膜形成用塗布液。
- 透明絶縁基板の一方の主面に、太陽電池モジュール用の防眩膜を形成する方法であって、
無機微粒子0.01~20重量%、ポリシラザン0.1~20重量%および溶媒を含有する防眩膜形成用塗布液が、透明絶縁基板の表面に塗布される塗布工程、および
前記防眩膜形成用塗布液の溶媒が乾燥されるとともにポリシラザンが硬化される硬化工程を有し、
前記無機微粒子は、表面が粉砕面からなる非球状粒子であり、防眩膜の断面観察から算出される平均一次粒子径が0.1μm~5.0μmである、防眩膜の形成方法。
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| JP2014538473A JP6193244B2 (ja) | 2012-09-25 | 2013-09-20 | 防眩膜を備える太陽電池モジュールおよびその製造方法、太陽電池用防眩膜およびその製造方法ならびに防眩膜形成用塗布液 |
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| JP2021101478A (ja) * | 2018-08-31 | 2021-07-08 | Mirai−Labo株式会社 | 太陽光発電パネル、舗装構造体および壁面構造体 |
| JP7256503B2 (ja) | 2018-08-31 | 2023-04-12 | Mirai-Labo株式会社 | 太陽光発電パネル、舗装構造体および壁面構造体 |
| WO2020078372A1 (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-04-23 | Traxon Technologies Ltd. | Device comprising a ceramic coating and a method to produce the same |
| KR20210052191A (ko) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-10 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 유연 박막 태양전지 모듈의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 유연 박막 태양전지 모듈 |
| US11411128B2 (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2022-08-09 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Manufacturing method of flexible thin film solar cell module and the flexible thin film solar cell module using the same |
| KR102452086B1 (ko) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-10-11 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 유연 박막 태양전지 모듈의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 유연 박막 태양전지 모듈 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20150249166A1 (en) | 2015-09-03 |
| EP2903031B1 (en) | 2019-11-20 |
| US9929286B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 |
| JP6193244B2 (ja) | 2017-09-06 |
| EP2903031A1 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
| EP2903031A4 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
| JPWO2014050769A1 (ja) | 2016-08-22 |
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