WO2014045978A1 - ガラス強化用溶融塩、強化ガラスの製造方法、及びガラス強化用溶融塩の寿命延長方法 - Google Patents
ガラス強化用溶融塩、強化ガラスの製造方法、及びガラス強化用溶融塩の寿命延長方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014045978A1 WO2014045978A1 PCT/JP2013/074583 JP2013074583W WO2014045978A1 WO 2014045978 A1 WO2014045978 A1 WO 2014045978A1 JP 2013074583 W JP2013074583 W JP 2013074583W WO 2014045978 A1 WO2014045978 A1 WO 2014045978A1
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- molten salt
- glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
- C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
- C03C21/002—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/30—Alkali metal phosphates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a molten salt for strengthening glass, a method for producing tempered glass, and a method for extending the life of a molten salt for strengthening glass.
- Glass that has been chemically strengthened by ion exchange or the like (hereinafter also referred to as chemically tempered glass) is used for a cover glass of a display device such as a digital camera, a mobile phone, and a PDA (Personal Digital Assistants) and a glass substrate of the display. Yes. Although glass has a high theoretical strength, the strength is greatly reduced by scratching. Chemically tempered glass is suitable for these applications because it has higher mechanical strength than unstrengthened glass and prevents damage to the glass surface.
- Chemical strengthening treatment by ion exchange compresses the glass surface by substituting metal ions with a small ionic radius (for example, Na ions) and metal ions with a larger ionic radius (for example, K ions) contained in the glass. This is a process for generating a stress layer and improving the strength of the glass.
- metal ions with a small ionic radius for example, Na ions
- metal ions with a larger ionic radius for example, K ions
- the glass When Na 2 O is contained in the glass composition, the glass is immersed in a molten salt (inorganic potassium salt) containing K ions, and Na ions in the glass and K ions in the molten salt are ion-exchanged.
- a molten salt inorganic potassium salt
- the molten salt an inorganic potassium salt that is in a molten state at the strengthening treatment temperature is used, and potassium nitrate is often used among them.
- CS surface compressive stress
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a method for reducing the influence of Na ions by adding silica to potassium nitrate molten salt in advance.
- Non-Patent Document 1 the effect of the addition of silica described in Non-Patent Document 1 is that 0.2% of sodium nitrate with respect to potassium nitrate is mixed in a very small amount of 0.2 ppm, that is, Na ion is 500 ppm with respect to 0.1% silica dope.
- Na ion 500 ppm with respect to 0.1% silica dope.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a molten salt having a sufficiently extended service life with respect to a molten salt containing potassium nitrate used for chemical strengthening of glass.
- the present inventors have chemically strengthened one or more of potassium carbonate and potassium phosphate so that the molten salt containing potassium nitrate contains at least one of carbonate anion and phosphate anion.
- the service life of the molten salt can be extended, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention is as follows.
- a molten salt for strengthening glass used to form a compressive stress layer on the glass surface by ion exchange A molten salt for glass strengthening containing potassium nitrate and further containing at least one of a carbonate anion and a phosphate anion.
- ⁇ 4> The molten salt for glass strengthening according to ⁇ 3>, wherein the content of the potassium carbonate is 3.5 to 24 mol% with respect to the potassium nitrate.
- ⁇ 5> The molten salt for glass reinforcement according to the above ⁇ 3> or ⁇ 4>, wherein the content of the potassium orthophosphate is 0.8 to 13.5 mol% with respect to the potassium nitrate.
- ⁇ 6> The molten salt for glass reinforcement according to any one of the above ⁇ 3> to ⁇ 5>, wherein the content of the potassium pyrophosphate is 3.5 to 9.0 mol% with respect to the potassium nitrate.
- a method for producing tempered glass comprising a step of forming a compressive stress layer on the glass surface using the molten salt for strengthening glass according to any one of the above items ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 6>.
- a method for extending the lifetime of a molten salt for strengthening glass used for forming a compressive stress layer on a glass surface by ion exchange A method for extending the life of a molten salt for strengthening glass, comprising mixing at least one of potassium carbonate and potassium phosphate so that at least one of carbonate anion and phosphate anion is contained in the molten salt before strengthening treatment containing potassium nitrate.
- the decrease in surface compressive stress (CS) caused by the increase in the concentration of Na ions eluted from the glass is suppressed or alleviated, and the service life of the molten salt can be extended.
- the replacement frequency of the molten salt decreases, and the cost of chemical strengthening treatment can be reduced and the throughput can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the Na ion concentration in a molten salt and the CS value when chemical strengthening treatment is performed without adding another inorganic potassium salt to the potassium nitrate molten salt.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of Na added to potassium nitrate and the obtained CS value when chemical strengthening treatment is performed by adding potassium orthophosphate to the molten potassium nitrate salt.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of potassium orthophosphate added to the molten salt and the life ratio of the molten salt.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of Na added to potassium nitrate and the obtained CS value when chemical strengthening treatment is performed by adding potassium carbonate to a molten potassium nitrate salt.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of potassium carbonate added to the molten salt and the life ratio of the molten salt.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of Na added to potassium nitrate and the obtained CS value when chemical strengthening treatment is performed by adding potassium pyrophosphate to a molten potassium nitrate salt.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of potassium pyrophosphate added to the molten salt and the life ratio of the molten salt.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the total ion exchange ability of anion species of potassium orthophosphate, potassium pyrophosphate and potassium carbonate added to the molten salt and the life ratio of the molten salt.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of Na added to potassium nitrate and the obtained CS value when chemical strengthening treatment is performed by adding silica to molten potassium nitrate.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of silica added to the molten salt and the life ratio of the molten salt.
- the molten salt for glass strengthening of the present invention contains an inorganic potassium salt.
- the inorganic potassium salt preferably has a melting point below the strain point (usually 500 to 600 ° C.) of the glass to be chemically strengthened.
- it contains potassium nitrate (melting point 330 ° C.) as a main component. If potassium nitrate is a main component, it is preferable because it is in a molten state below the strain point of glass and is easy to handle in the operating temperature range.
- the main component means containing 50% by mass or more.
- the molten salt of the present invention further contains at least one of a carbonate anion and a phosphate anion in addition to potassium nitrate as a main component.
- the chemical strengthening is performed with a molten salt that has not been subjected to the chemical strengthening treatment (hereinafter also referred to as “a molten salt in an initial state” or “a new molten salt”).
- a molten salt in an initial state or “a new molten salt”.
- the CS value that can be imparted to the glass gradually decreases according to the cumulative glass treatment area.
- the molten salt before the chemical strengthening treatment is mixed with one or more of potassium carbonate and potassium phosphate in advance so as to include at least one of the carbonate anion and the phosphate anion, and the chemical strengthening treatment is performed.
- potassium orthophosphate the anion that constitutes potassium orthophosphate is PO 4 3 ⁇ , which is a trivalent anion.
- Total ion exchange capacity (potassium orthophosphate added amount) ⁇ (potential Na—K ion exchange capacity) It can ask for.
- the desired CS value is defined as a CS value of 90% or more when the CS value obtained from the molten salt composed of potassium nitrate in the initial state is 100%.
- the desired CS value cannot be obtained by the chemical strengthening treatment, that is, when the CS value decreases by 10% or more with respect to the desired CS value
- the Na ion concentration in the molten salt is determined as the service life of the molten salt. It is defined as
- the lifetime of molten salt can be evaluated as follows.
- a predetermined amount of sodium nitrate is intentionally added to the molten salt as a Na ion source in order to create a pseudo state after repeated chemical strengthening treatments. Then, the glass is chemically strengthened with the molten salt to which the Na ion source has been added, and when the CS value of the glass after the treatment falls below the desired CS value, the Na ion concentration is calculated from the amount of sodium nitrate added. Can be used as an indicator of the lifetime of the molten salt.
- the content thereof is preferably 3.5 mol% to 24 mol% (5.0 wt% to 30 wt%) with respect to potassium nitrate in the molten salt. 0 mol% to 24 mol% (10.9 mass% to 30 mass%) is more preferable, and 16.0 mol% to 24 mol% (21.5 mass% to 30 mass%) is particularly preferable.
- the amount of potassium carbonate added to potassium nitrate is 30% by mass or less, there is no fear of an increase in the amount of solid phase in the molten salt due to potassium carbonate having a high melting point, and handling is good. In addition, there is no risk of temperature unevenness during the ion exchange treatment, and the entire glass can be ion exchanged uniformly.
- potassium phosphate examples include potassium orthophosphate (K 3 PO 4 ), potassium pyrophosphate (K 4 P 2 O 7 ), and potassium metaphosphate.
- the potassium orthophosphate is suitable for the total ion exchange capacity of the added anionic species. It is preferable from the point of life extension efficiency.
- the potassium orthophosphate When potassium orthophosphate is added as potassium phosphate, the potassium orthophosphate may be hydrated or dehydrated. Further, the content of potassium orthophosphate in the molten salt is preferably 0.8 mol% to 13.5 mol% (1.5 mass% to 25 mass%), preferably 1.5 mol% to 13. 5 mol% (3.0 wt% to 25 wt%) is more preferable, 3.0 mol% to 13.5 mol% (6.0 wt% to 25 wt%) is further preferable, and 6.0 mol% to 13.5 mol% (11.5 mass% to 25 mass%) is particularly preferred. If the lower limit is within this range, it is preferable because the molten salt life that provides a desired CS value can be extended more than twice.
- potassium orthophosphate has a high melting point (> 1000 ° C.), and the amount dissolved in potassium nitrate is very small in the temperature range ( ⁇ 500 ° C.) used for chemical strengthening. For this reason, if an excessive amount is added, a precipitate is deposited on the bottom of the container, and the handling of the molten salt becomes worse. Therefore, if it is 25 mass% or less with respect to potassium nitrate, the ratio of the solid phase of potassium orthophosphate can be suppressed, the liquid phase volume which can be used for chemical strengthening can be secured sufficiently, and the potassium phosphate precipitate in the molten salt can be obtained. There is no risk of contacting the glass and inducing corrosion of the glass surface, which is preferable.
- potassium pyrophosphate When potassium pyrophosphate is added as potassium phosphate, it is preferably 3.5 mol% to 9.0 mol% (10.5 mass% to 25 mass%) based on potassium nitrate in the molten salt. More preferably, it is 5 mol% or more (21.0 mass% or more). If the lower limit is within this range, it is preferable because the molten salt life that provides a desired CS value can be extended more than twice.
- potassium pyrophosphate may corrode the glass surface when the powder comes into contact with the glass for chemical strengthening due to addition of an excessive amount, so the upper limit of the content of potassium pyrophosphate is 25% by mass. It is preferable to do.
- each of potassium carbonate and potassium phosphate may be any combination as long as the above ranges are satisfied.
- the molten salt of the present invention may contain other chemical species in addition to potassium nitrate, potassium carbonate and potassium phosphate as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sodium chloride, chloride examples thereof include alkali sulfates such as potassium and alkali chlorides. These multiple types may be used in combination.
- the molten salt of the present invention can be produced by the steps shown below. Step 1: Preparation of potassium nitrate molten salt Step 2: Addition of other inorganic potassium salt to molten salt
- molten salt is prepared by putting potassium nitrate into a container and heating and melting to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point. Since potassium nitrate has a melting point of 330 ° C. and a boiling point of 500 ° C., it melts at a temperature within that range. In particular, the melting temperature is preferably 350 to 470 ° C. from the viewpoint of the balance between the surface compressive stress and the stress layer depth that can be applied to the glass, and the strengthening time.
- metal As the container for melting potassium nitrate, metal, quartz, ceramics, or the like can be used. Among these, a metal material is desirable from the viewpoint of durability, and a stainless steel (SUS) material is desirable from the viewpoint of corrosion resistance.
- SUS stainless steel
- step 2 the potassium nitrate molten salt prepared in step 1 is added with an inorganic potassium salt other than potassium nitrate, such as potassium carbonate and potassium phosphate, and the whole is uniformly mixed with a stirring blade while maintaining the temperature within a certain range. Mix to become.
- an inorganic potassium salt other than potassium nitrate such as potassium carbonate and potassium phosphate
- the order of addition is not limited, and either may be added first or may be added simultaneously.
- the temperature is preferably not less than the melting point of potassium nitrate, that is, not less than 330 ° C., more preferably 350 to 500 ° C.
- the stirring time is preferably 1 minute to 10 hours, more preferably 10 minutes to 2 hours. Then, it is allowed to stand until the precipitate is precipitated.
- This precipitate contains potassium carbonate and potassium phosphate exceeding the saturation solubility, and sodium salt of carbonate anion and sodium salt of phosphate anion.
- the molten salt of this invention can be manufactured.
- the chemical strengthening treatment is performed by immersing glass in a molten salt and replacing metal ions in the glass with metal ions having a large ion radius in the molten salt.
- the glass can be strengthened by changing the composition of the glass surface by this ion exchange and generating a compressive stress in the glass surface layer.
- the chemical strengthening treatment in the present invention can be performed by the following steps following the above-described molten salt production method (step 1, step 2).
- step 3 the glass is preheated, and the molten salt prepared in steps 1 and 2 is adjusted to a temperature at which chemical strengthening is performed. Next, the preheated glass is immersed in the molten salt for a predetermined time, and then the glass is pulled up from the molten salt and allowed to cool.
- shape processing according to a use, for example, mechanical processing, such as a cutting
- the preheating temperature of glass depends on the temperature immersed in the molten salt, but is generally preferably 100 ° C. or higher.
- the chemical strengthening temperature is preferably the strain point (usually 500 to 600 ° C.) or less of the glass to be tempered, and 350 ° C. or more is particularly preferable in order to obtain a higher compressive stress layer depth (Depth of Layer: DOL).
- the immersion time of the glass in the molten salt is preferably 10 minutes to 12 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 10 hours. If it exists in this range, the chemically strengthened glass excellent in the balance of an intensity
- Step 4 When step 3 is repeated, the ion exchange between the molten salt and the glass increases the Na ion concentration in the molten salt, so that the ion exchange capacity of the molten salt decreases as the glass treatment area increases. A desired CS value cannot be obtained. Therefore, in Step 4, by measuring the Na ion concentration in the molten salt or the surface compressive stress (CS) value after chemical strengthening, the molten salt can be continuously used for chemical strengthening treatment, Determine whether to discard.
- CS surface compressive stress
- the glass used in the present invention only needs to contain sodium, and glass having various compositions can be used as long as it has a composition that can be strengthened by molding and chemical strengthening treatment.
- Specific examples include soda lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, lead glass, alkali barium glass, and aluminoborosilicate glass.
- the method for producing the glass is not particularly limited, and a desired glass raw material is charged into a continuous melting furnace, and the glass raw material is heated and melted preferably at 1500 to 1600 ° C., clarified, and then supplied to a molding apparatus. It can be manufactured by forming into a plate shape and slowly cooling.
- various methods can be employed for forming the glass.
- various forming methods such as a down draw method (for example, an overflow down draw method, a slot down method and a redraw method), a float method, a roll-out method, and a press method can be employed.
- the thickness of the glass is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 5 mm or less and more preferably 3 mm or less in order to effectively perform the chemical strengthening treatment.
- the total content of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 is 75% or less, the total content of Na 2 O and K 2 O is 12 to 25%, and the total content of MgO and CaO is 7 to 15%.
- composition which is displayed at a certain glass (iii) mol%, a SiO 2 68 ⁇ 80%, the Al 2 O 3 4 ⁇ 10% ,
- the a 2 O 5 ⁇ 15%, the K 2 O 0 to 1%, the MgO 4 ⁇ 15% and ZrO 2 is composition displaying a glass (iv) mole% containing 0 to 1%, a SiO 2 67 -75%, Al 2 O 3 0-4%, Na 2 O 7-15%, K 2 O 1-9%, MgO 6-14% and ZrO 2 0-1.5%
- the total content of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 is 71 to 75%, the total content of Na 2 O and K 2 O is 12 to 20%, and when CaO is contained, the content is 1% Glass that is less than
- Glass may be polished before chemical strengthening treatment as necessary.
- the polishing method include a method of polishing with a polishing pad while supplying a polishing slurry.
- a polishing slurry a polishing slurry containing an abrasive and water can be used.
- the abrasive cerium oxide (ceria) and silica are preferable.
- the washing liquid is preferably a neutral detergent and water, and more preferably washed with water after washing with a neutral detergent.
- a commercially available neutral detergent can be used.
- the glass substrate cleaned by the cleaning process is finally cleaned with a cleaning solution.
- the cleaning liquid include water, ethanol, and isopropanol. Of these, water is preferred.
- the glass is dried.
- the drying conditions may be selected in consideration of the cleaning solution used in the cleaning process, the characteristics of the glass, and the like.
- Glass composition Two types of glass, soda lime glass and aluminosilicate glass, were used as the chemically strengthened glass.
- Soda lime glass composition expressed in mol%): SiO 2 72.0%, Al 2 O 3 1.1%, Na 2 O 3 12.6%, K 2 O 0.2%, MgO 5.5% , CaO 8.6%
- Aluminosilicate glass composition expressed in mol%): SiO 2 64.4%, Al 2 O 3 8.0%, Na 2 O 3 12.5%, K 2 O 4.0%, MgO 10.5% , CaO 0.1%, SrO 0.1%, BaO 0.1%, ZrO 2 2.5%
- Example 1 Addition of potassium orthophosphate] (Examples 1A-1 to 1A-6)
- Example 1A-1 250 g of potassium nitrate was added to a SUS cup and heated to 430 ° C. with a mantle heater to prepare a molten salt.
- Example 1A-2 0.93 g of sodium nitrate was added to the molten salt subjected to the chemical strengthening treatment in Example 1A-1, stirred for 2 hours using a stirring motor and four propeller blades, and allowed to stand for 2 hours. Thereafter, the soda lime glass was preheated to 100 ° C. and immersed in a molten salt at 430 ° C. for 4 hours for chemical strengthening treatment. The glass was washed with ion exchange water at 100 ° C. and dried at 60 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, CS and DOL were measured respectively.
- Example 1A-3 0.92 g of sodium nitrate was further added to the molten salt subjected to the chemical strengthening treatment in Example 1A-2 (the total amount of sodium nitrate was 1.85 g), and the mixture was stirred with a stirring motor and four propeller blades. Stir for hours and let stand for 2 hours. Thereafter, the soda lime glass was preheated to 100 ° C. and immersed in a molten salt at 430 ° C. for 4 hours for chemical strengthening treatment. The glass was washed with ion exchange water at 100 ° C. and dried at 60 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, CS and DOL were measured respectively.
- Example 1A-4 0.94 g of sodium nitrate was further added to the molten salt subjected to the chemical strengthening treatment in Example 1A-3 (the total amount of sodium nitrate added was 2.79 g), and the mixture was stirred using a stirring motor and four propeller blades. Stir for hours and let stand for 2 hours.
- the soda lime glass was preheated to 100 ° C. and immersed in a molten salt at 430 ° C. for 4 hours for chemical strengthening treatment.
- the glass was washed with ion exchange water at 100 ° C. and dried at 60 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, CS and DOL were measured respectively.
- Example 1A-5 1.93 g of sodium nitrate was further added to the molten salt subjected to the chemical strengthening treatment in Example 1A-4 (total amount of sodium nitrate added was 4.72 g), and the mixture was stirred using a stirring motor and four propeller blades. Stir for hours and let stand for 2 hours.
- the soda lime glass was preheated to 100 ° C. and immersed in a molten salt at 430 ° C. for 4 hours for chemical strengthening treatment.
- the glass was washed with ion exchange water at 100 ° C. and dried at 60 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, CS and DOL were measured respectively.
- Example 1A-6 Further, 4.87 g of sodium nitrate was added to the molten salt subjected to the chemical strengthening treatment in Example 1A-5 (the total amount of sodium nitrate was 9.59 g), and the mixture was stirred using a stirring motor and four propeller blades. Stir for hours and let stand for 2 hours.
- the soda lime glass was preheated to 100 ° C. and immersed in a molten salt at 430 ° C. for 4 hours for chemical strengthening treatment. The glass was washed with ion exchange water at 100 ° C. and dried at 60 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, CS and DOL were measured respectively.
- Examples 1B-1 to 1B-6 Except that the glass was changed to an aluminosilicate glass, a molten salt was prepared and subjected to a chemical strengthening treatment in the same manner as in Examples 1A-1 to 1A-6, and CS and DOL were measured.
- Example 2 Addition of potassium orthophosphate
- Examples 2A-1 to 2A-6 A chemical strengthening treatment was performed in the same manner as in Examples 1A-1 to 1A-6, except that the amount of potassium orthophosphate trihydrate added was 6.7 g (K 3 PO 4 content with respect to potassium nitrate: 1 mol%). , DOL was measured respectively.
- Examples 2B-1 to 2B-6 A chemical strengthening treatment was performed in the same manner as in Examples 1B-1 to 1B-6, except that the amount of potassium orthophosphate trihydrate added was 6.7 g (K 3 PO 4 content with respect to potassium nitrate: 1 mol%). , DOL was measured respectively.
- Example 3 Addition of potassium orthophosphate
- Examples 3A-1 to 3A-6 A chemical strengthening treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Examples 1A-1 to 1A-6 except that the amount of potassium orthophosphate trihydrate added was 43.2 g (K 3 PO 4 content with respect to potassium nitrate: 6 mol%). , DOL was measured respectively.
- Examples 3B-1 to 3B-6 A chemical strengthening treatment was performed in the same manner as in Examples 1B-1 to 1B-6 except that the amount of potassium orthophosphate trihydrate added was 43.2 g (K 3 PO 4 content with respect to potassium nitrate: 6 mol%). , DOL was measured respectively.
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of Examples 1 to 3, and Table 2 shows the measurement results of Comparative Example 1.
- Example 4A-1 250 g of potassium nitrate was added to a SUS cup and heated to 430 ° C. with a mantle heater to prepare a molten salt.
- 29.7 g of potassium carbonate K 2 CO 3 content with respect to potassium nitrate: 8 mol%) was added, stirred for 10 hours using a stirring motor and four propeller blades, and allowed to stand for 2 hours.
- the soda lime glass was preheated to 100 ° C. and immersed in a molten salt at 430 ° C. for 4 hours for chemical strengthening treatment. Thereafter, the glass was washed with ion exchange water at 100 ° C. and dried at 60 ° C. for 2 hours. CS and DOL of the glass after the chemical strengthening treatment were measured.
- Examples 4A-2 to 4A-6 In the same manner as in Examples 1A-2 to 1A-6, sodium nitrate was sequentially added to the molten salt subjected to chemical strengthening treatment, chemical strengthening treatment was performed, and CS and DOL were measured.
- Example 4B-1 to 4B-6 Except that the glass was changed to an aluminosilicate glass, a molten salt was prepared and subjected to a chemical strengthening treatment in the same manner as in Examples 4A-1 to 4A-6, and CS and DOL were measured.
- Example 5 Addition of potassium carbonate
- Examples 5A-1 to 5A-6 Chemical strengthening treatment was performed in the same manner as in Examples 4A-1 to 4A-6, except that the amount of potassium carbonate added was 18.0 g (K 2 CO 3 content with respect to potassium nitrate: 5 mol%), and CS and DOL were measured. did.
- Examples 5B-1 to 5B-6 Chemical strengthening treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Examples 4B-1 to 4B-6, except that the amount of potassium carbonate added was 18.0 g (K 2 CO 3 content with respect to potassium nitrate: 5 mol%), and CS and DOL were measured. did.
- Example 6 Potassium carbonate addition
- Examples 6A-1 to 6A-6 Chemical strengthening treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Examples 4A-1 to 4A-6, except that the amount of potassium carbonate added was 55.6 g (K 2 CO 3 content with respect to potassium nitrate: 14 mol%), and CS and DOL were measured respectively. did.
- Examples 6B-1 to 6B-6 Chemical strengthening treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Examples 4B-1 to 4B-6, except that the amount of potassium carbonate added was 55.6 g (K 2 CO 3 content with respect to potassium nitrate: 14 mol%), and CS and DOL were measured respectively. did.
- Table 3 shows the measurement results of Examples 4 to 6.
- Example 7 Addition of potassium pyrophosphate] (Examples 7A-1 to 7A-6) (Example 7A-1) 250 g of potassium nitrate was added to a SUS cup and heated to 430 ° C. with a mantle heater to prepare a molten salt. 30.4 g of potassium pyrophosphate trihydrate (K 4 P 2 O 7 content relative to potassium nitrate: 4.4 mol%) was added to the molten salt thus prepared, and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours using a stirring motor and four propeller blades. And left to stand for 2 hours. Thereafter, the soda lime glass was preheated to 100 ° C. and immersed in a molten salt at 430 ° C. for 4 hours for chemical strengthening treatment. Thereafter, the glass was washed with ion exchange water at 100 ° C. and dried at 60 ° C. for 2 hours. CS and DOL of the glass after the chemical strengthening treatment were measured.
- Examples 7A-2 to 7A-6 In the same manner as in Examples 1A-2 to 1A-6, sodium nitrate was sequentially added to the molten salt subjected to chemical strengthening treatment, chemical strengthening treatment was performed, and CS and DOL were measured.
- Example 7B-1 to 7B-6 Except that the glass was changed to an aluminosilicate glass, a molten salt was prepared and subjected to a chemical strengthening treatment in the same manner as in Examples 7A-1 to 7A-6, and CS and DOL were measured.
- Example 8 Potassium pyrophosphate added
- Examples 8A-1 to 8A-6 A chemical strengthening treatment was performed in the same manner as in Examples 7A-1 to 7A-6 except that the amount of potassium pyrophosphate trihydrate added was 6.7 g (K 4 P 2 O 7 content with respect to potassium nitrate: 1 mol%). , CS and DOL were measured respectively.
- Examples 8B-1 to 8B-6) A chemical strengthening treatment was performed in the same manner as in Examples 7B-1 to 7B-6 except that the amount of potassium pyrophosphate trihydrate added was 6.7 g (K 4 P 2 O 7 content with respect to potassium nitrate: 1 mol%). , CS and DOL were measured respectively.
- Example 9 Addition of potassium pyrophosphate]
- Examples 9A-1 to 9A-6 A chemical strengthening treatment was performed in the same manner as in Examples 7A-1 to 7A-6 except that the amount of potassium pyrophosphate trihydrate added was 43.2 g (K 4 P 2 O 7 content relative to potassium nitrate: 6 mol%). , CS and DOL were measured respectively.
- Examples 9B-1 to 9B-6 A chemical strengthening treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Examples 7B-1 to 7B-6 except that the amount of potassium pyrophosphate trihydrate added was 43.2 g (K 4 P 2 O 7 content with respect to potassium nitrate: 6 mol%). , CS and DOL were measured respectively.
- Table 4 shows the measurement results of Examples 7 to 9.
- Comparative Example 1B since the CS value given by the molten salt in the initial state (Comparative Example 1B-1) was 864 MPa, the CS value (800 MPa), which was about 10% lower than this, was used as the reference for the deteriorated state. It was. That is, the Na ion content in the molten salt (added amount (mol%) with respect to sodium nitrate) at the CS value of 800 MPa was evaluated as an index of the lifetime of the molten salt.
- Na ion content (addition amount (mol%) with respect to sodium nitrate) in molten salt when CS value was set to 800 Mpa was calculated by linear approximation, respectively.
- the life ratio was calculated by setting the case where no inorganic potassium salt other than potassium nitrate was added to the molten salt (Comparative Example 1B-1) as the standard of the molten salt life (1.00 times).
- the total ion exchange capacity corresponding to the added amount of potassium orthophosphate was calculated by the method described above. Since potassium orthophosphate has an anion valence of 3, assuming that the number of exchangeable potassium ions is 1, the potential Na—K ion exchange capacity is 3.
- Total ion exchange capacity (potassium orthophosphate added amount) ⁇ (potential Na—K ion exchange capacity)
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the amount of potassium orthophosphate (mol%) added to potassium nitrate and the life ratio of the molten salt (ratio when the life of the molten salt containing only potassium nitrate is 1.00 times).
- Example 4B Effect of adding potassium carbonate to molten salt
- Example 5B the amount of Na added (in ppm by mass) to potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) when chemical strengthening treatment was performed by adding potassium carbonate to the molten potassium nitrate salt.
- the relationship with the obtained CS is summarized in FIG.
- only potassium nitrate that is, the relationship when no inorganic potassium salt is added is also shown (Comparative Example 1B).
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the amount (mol%) of potassium carbonate added to potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) and the life ratio of the molten salt (ratio when the life of the molten salt containing only potassium nitrate is 1.00 times).
- Example 6B (Effect of potassium pyrophosphate added to molten salt) Based on the results of Example 4B, Example 5B, and Example 6B, the amount of Na added to potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) (mass ppm) in the case of performing chemical strengthening treatment by adding potassium pyrophosphate to potassium nitrate molten salt
- KNO 3 potassium nitrate
- FIG. 6 summarizes the relationship with the obtained CS. For comparison, only potassium nitrate, that is, the relationship when no inorganic potassium salt is added is also shown (Comparative Example 1B).
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the addition amount (mol%) of potassium pyrophosphate to potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ) and the life ratio of the molten salt (ratio when the life of the molten salt containing only potassium nitrate is 1.00 times). .
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship with the life ratio (the ratio when the life of the molten salt containing only potassium nitrate is 1.00 times). From FIG. 8, the lifetime can be extended by adding these inorganic potassium salts to the molten glass reinforcing glass mainly composed of potassium nitrate. Among these, it can be seen that the effect of extending the life due to potassium orthophosphate is remarkable.
- Comparative Examples 3B-1 to 3B-4 A chemical strengthening treatment was performed in the same manner as in Comparative Examples 2B-1 to 2B-4 except that the amount of silica powder added was 25.1 g (SiO 2 content with respect to potassium nitrate: 10% by mass), and CS and DOL were measured respectively. .
- Table 8 shows the measurement results of Comparative Examples 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B.
- the Na ion content (addition amount (mol%) with respect to sodium nitrate) in molten salt when CS value is set to 800 MPa was calculated by linear approximation. Further, from the Na ion content, the life ratio was calculated by setting the case where no inorganic potassium salt other than potassium nitrate was added to the molten salt (Comparative Example 1B-1) as the standard of the molten salt life (1.00 times).
- the molten salt according to the present invention can be repeatedly applied to the chemical strengthening treatment of glass by lowering the replacement frequency of the molten salt while keeping the CS value applied to the glass at the same level as before. As a result, it is possible to reduce the cost and improve the throughput in the glass chemical strengthening treatment.
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Description
<1>
イオン交換によりガラス表面に圧縮応力層を形成するために用いるガラス強化用溶融塩であって、
硝酸カリウムを含有し、さらに炭酸アニオン及びリン酸アニオンのうち少なくとも一方を含有するガラス強化用溶融塩。
<2>
硝酸カリウム、炭酸アニオン及びリン酸アニオンを含有する上記<1>に記載のガラス強化用溶融塩。
<3>
前記炭酸アニオンが、炭酸カリウムのアニオン種であり、前記リン酸アニオンが、オルトリン酸カリウム及びピロリン酸カリウムのうち少なくとも一方のアニオン種である上記<1>または<2>に記載のガラス強化用溶融塩。
<4>
前記炭酸カリウムの含有量が前記硝酸カリウムに対し3.5~24モル%である上記<3>に記載のガラス強化用溶融塩。
<5>
前記オルトリン酸カリウムの含有量が前記硝酸カリウムに対し0.8~13.5モル%である上記<3>または<4>に記載のガラス強化用溶融塩。
<6>
前記ピロリン酸カリウムの含有量が前記硝酸カリウムに対し3.5~9.0モル%である上記<3>~<5>のいずれか1に記載のガラス強化用溶融塩。
<7>
上記<1>~<6>のいずれか1に記載のガラス強化用溶融塩を用いてガラス表面に圧縮応力層を形成する工程を含む強化ガラスの製造方法。
<8>
イオン交換によりガラス表面に圧縮応力層を形成するために用いるガラス強化用溶融塩の寿命を延長する方法であって、
硝酸カリウムを含む強化処理前の溶融塩に、炭酸アニオン及びリン酸アニオンのうち少なくとも一方を含むように、炭酸カリウム及びリン酸カリウムのうち少なくとも一方を混合する、ガラス強化用溶融塩の寿命延長方法。
なお本明細書において“質量%”と“重量%”とは同義である。
本発明のガラス強化用溶融塩(以下、本発明の溶融塩とも称する。)は、無機カリウム塩を含有する。無機カリウム塩としては化学強化を行うガラスの歪点(通常500~600℃)以下に融点を有するものが好ましく、本発明においては硝酸カリウム(融点330℃)を主成分として含有する。硝酸カリウムが主成分であれば、ガラスの歪点以下で溶融状態であり、かつ使用温度領域においてハンドリングが容易な点から、好ましい。ここで主成分とは50質量%以上含有することを意味する。
本発明では、化学強化処理を行う前の溶融塩に、炭酸アニオン及びリン酸アニオンのうち少なくとも一方を含むように、予め炭酸カリウム及びリン酸カリウムのうち1以上を混合し、化学強化処理を行うことで、ナトリウム溶出初期ではあらかじめ溶融塩中に存在する炭酸アニオン、リン酸アニオンによりナトリウムがトラップされ、ガラス表面近傍のナトリウムイオン濃度が低下する。さらに炭酸アニオン、リン酸アニオンのナトリウム塩は飽和溶解度分を超えると析出するため、溶融塩中のナトリウムイオン濃度の上昇を抑制する。このような作用によって、溶融塩の寿命の延長が可能となると考えられる。
オルトリン酸カリウムには1価のカチオンK+が3つあるが、リン酸の酸解離定数(pKa1=1.83、pka2=6.43、pka3=11.46)より、溶融塩中でNaイオンと交換されるのは3つのカリウムのうち1つと考えると、オルトリン酸カリウム1モルあたりの潜在的なNa-Kイオン交換能力は、
潜在的なNa-Kイオン交換能力=(アニオン種の価数)×(交換可能なKイオン量)=3×1=3
と評価できる。これより、溶融塩へ添加したオルトリン酸カリウムの全イオン交換能力は、
全イオン交換能力=(オルトリン酸カリウム添加量)×(潜在的なNa―Kイオン交換能力)
により求めることができる。
この全イオン交換能力が高いほど、ガラスとイオン交換した溶融塩中のNaイオンがさらに、添加した無機カリウム塩のKイオンとイオン交換される確率が高くなり、溶融塩中のナトリウムによるイオン交換阻害を緩和し、溶融塩の寿命延長に貢献すると考えられる。
なお、溶融塩の寿命は次のように評価することができる。まず、化学強化処理を繰返し行った後の状態を疑似的に作るため、Naイオン源として所定量の硝酸ナトリウムを溶融塩に意図的に添加する。そしてNaイオン源が添加された溶融塩でガラスを化学強化処理し、処理後のガラスのCS値が所望のCS値を下回ったとき、硝酸ナトリウムの添加量からNaイオン濃度を算出して、これを溶融塩の寿命の指標とすることができる。
硝酸カリウムに対する炭酸カリウムの添加量が30質量%以下であれば、融点が高い炭酸カリウムによる溶融塩中の固相量増加のおそれがなく、ハンドリングが良好である。また、イオン交換処理中に温度ムラが生じるおそれがなく、ガラス全体を均一にイオン交換できる。
また、ピロリン酸カリウムもオルトリン酸カリウムと同様に、過剰量の添加により粉末が化学強化用ガラスに接触するとガラス表面を腐食するおそれがあるため、ピロリン酸カリウムの含有量の上限は25質量%とすることが好ましい。
本発明の溶融塩は下記に示す工程により製造することができる。
工程1:硝酸カリウム溶融塩の調製
工程2:溶融塩への他の無機カリウム塩の添加
工程1では、硝酸カリウムを容器に投入し、融点以上の温度に加熱して溶融することで、溶融塩を調製する。硝酸カリウムは融点が330℃、沸点が500℃なので、その範囲内の温度で溶融を行う。特に溶融温度を350~470℃とすることがガラスに付与できる表面圧縮応力と応力層深さのバランスおよび強化時間の点からより好ましい。
工程2では、工程1で調製した硝酸カリウム溶融塩中に、炭酸カリウム、リン酸カリウム等の、硝酸カリウム以外の無機カリウム塩を添加し、温度を一定範囲に保ちながら、攪拌翼などにより、全体が均一になるように混合する。炭酸カリウムとリン酸カリウムを併用する場合、添加順序は限定されず、いずれかを先に添加しても、同時に添加してもよい。温度は硝酸カリウムの融点以上、すなわち330℃以上が好ましく、350~500℃がより好ましい。また、攪拌時間は1分~10時間が好ましく、10分~2時間がより好ましい。その後、析出物が沈殿するまで静置する。この析出物には、飽和溶解度を超えた炭酸カリウムやリン酸カリウム、また炭酸アニオンのナトリウム塩、リン酸アニオンのナトリウム塩が含まれる。
このように、本発明の溶融塩を製造することができる。
次に、本発明の溶融塩を用いた化学強化処理方法を説明する。
化学強化処理は、ガラスを溶融塩に浸漬し、ガラス中の金属イオンを、溶融塩中のイオン半径の大きな金属イオンと置換することで行われる。このイオン交換によってガラス表面の組成を変化させ、ガラス表面層に圧縮応力を発生させることで、ガラスを強化することができる。
本発明における化学強化処理は、上記の溶融塩の製造方法(工程1、工程2)に続く以下に示す工程によって行うことができる。
工程4:溶融塩の廃棄
工程3では、ガラスを予熱し、前記工程1及び工程2で調製した溶融塩を、化学強化を行う温度に調整する。次いで予熱したガラスを溶融塩中に所定の時間浸漬したのち、ガラスを溶融塩中から引き上げ、放冷する。なお、ガラスには、化学強化処理の前に、用途に応じた形状加工、例えば、切断、端面加工および穴あけ加工などの機械的加工を行うことが好ましい。
工程3を繰り返し行うと、溶融塩-ガラス間のイオン交換によって、溶融塩中のNaイオン濃度が高くなってくるために、ガラス処理面積が増えるに連れて溶融塩のイオン交換能力が低下し、所望のCS値が得られなくなる。そこで工程4では、溶融塩中のNaイオン濃度、又は化学強化後の表面圧縮応力(CS)値を測定することによって、溶融塩を継続使用して化学強化処理が可能であるか、溶融塩を廃棄するかを判断する。
本発明で使用されるガラスはナトリウムを含んでいればよく、成形、化学強化処理による強化が可能な組成を有するものである限り、種々の組成のものを使用することができる。具体的には、例えば、ソーダライムガラス、アルミノシリケートガラス、ホウ珪酸ガラス、鉛ガラス、アルカリバリウムガラス、アルミノホウ珪酸ガラス等が挙げられる。
(i)モル%で表示した組成で、SiO2を50~80%、Al2O3を2~25%、Li2Oを0~10%、Na2Oを0~18%、K2Oを0~10%、MgOを0~15%、CaOを0~5%およびZrO2を0~5%を含むガラス
(ii)モル%で表示した組成が、SiO2を50~74%、Al2O3を1~10%、Na2Oを6~14%、K2Oを3~11%、MgOを2~15%、CaOを0~6%およびZrO2を0~5%含有し、SiO2およびAl2O3の含有量の合計が75%以下、Na2OおよびK2Oの含有量の合計が12~25%、MgOおよびCaOの含有量の合計が7~15%であるガラス
(iii)モル%で表示した組成が、SiO2を68~80%、Al2O3を4~10%、Na2Oを5~15%、K2Oを0~1%、MgOを4~15%およびZrO2を0~1%含有するガラス
(iv)モル%で表示した組成が、SiO2を67~75%、Al2O3を0~4%、Na2Oを7~15%、K2Oを1~9%、MgOを6~14%およびZrO2を0~1.5%含有し、SiO2およびAl2O3の含有量の合計が71~75%、Na2OおよびK2Oの含有量の合計が12~20%であり、CaOを含有する場合その含有量が1%未満であるガラス
化学強化するガラスには、ソーダライムガラス及びアルミノシリケートガラスの2種類のガラスを用いた。
ソーダライムガラス(モル%で表示した組成):SiO2 72.0%、Al2O3 1.1%、Na2O3 12.6%、K2O 0.2%、MgO 5.5%、CaO 8.6%
アルミノシリケートガラス(モル%で表示した組成):SiO2 64.4%、Al2O3 8.0%、Na2O3 12.5%、K2O 4.0%、MgO 10.5%、CaO 0.1%、SrO 0.1%、BaO 0.1%、ZrO2 2.5%
ガラスの評価は、表面圧縮応力(CS)と圧縮応力層深さ(DOL)を測定することにより行った。CS及びDOLは、表面応力計(折原製作所製 FSM-6000LE)を用いガラス表面と内部の屈折率差を測定することで求めた。
(実施例1A-1~1A-6)
(実施例1A-1)
SUS製のカップに硝酸カリウム250gを加え、マントルヒーターで430℃まで加熱して溶融塩を調製した。こうして調製した溶融塩にオルトリン酸カリウム三水和物を30.4g(硝酸カリウムに対するK3PO4含有量:4.4mol%)添加し、撹拌モーター、4枚プロペラ翼を用いて2時間撹拌し、2時間静置した。その後ソーダライムガラスを100℃に予熱し、430℃の溶融塩に4時間浸漬して化学強化処理を行った。その後ガラスを100℃のイオン交換水で洗浄し、60℃で2時間乾燥した。化学強化処理後の当該ガラスのCS、DOLを各々測定した。
実施例1A-1で化学強化処理を行った溶融塩に、硝酸ナトリウムを0.93g添加し、撹拌モーター、4枚プロペラ翼を用いて2時間撹拌し、2時間静置した。その後ソーダライムガラスを100℃に予熱し、430℃の溶融塩に4時間浸漬して化学強化処理を行った。ガラスを100℃のイオン交換水で洗浄し、60℃で2時間乾燥した。その後CS、DOLを各々測定した。
実施例1A-2で化学強化処理を行った溶融塩に、さらに硝酸ナトリウムを0.92g添加し(硝酸ナトリウムの添加量は合計で1.85g)、撹拌モーター、4枚プロペラ翼を用いて2時間撹拌し、2時間静置した。その後ソーダライムガラスを100℃に予熱し、430℃の溶融塩に4時間浸漬して化学強化処理を行った。ガラスを100℃のイオン交換水で洗浄し、60℃で2時間乾燥した。その後CS、DOLを各々測定した。
実施例1A-3で化学強化処理を行った溶融塩に、さらに硝酸ナトリウムを0.94g添加し(硝酸ナトリウムの添加量は合計で2.79g)、撹拌モーター、4枚プロペラ翼を用いて2時間撹拌し、2時間静置した。ソーダライムガラスを100℃に予熱し、430℃の溶融塩に4時間浸漬して化学強化処理を行った。ガラスを100℃のイオン交換水で洗浄し、60℃で2時間乾燥した。その後CS、DOLを各々測定した。
実施例1A-4で化学強化処理を行った溶融塩に、さらに硝酸ナトリウムを1.93g添加し(硝酸ナトリウムの添加量は合計で4.72g)、撹拌モーター、4枚プロペラ翼を用いて2時間撹拌し、2時間静置した。ソーダライムガラスを100℃に予熱し、430℃の溶融塩に4時間浸漬して化学強化処理を行った。ガラスを100℃のイオン交換水で洗浄し、60℃で2時間乾燥した。その後CS、DOLを各々測定した。
実施例1A-5で化学強化処理を行った溶融塩に、さらに硝酸ナトリウムを4.87g添加し(硝酸ナトリウムの添加量は合計で9.59g)、撹拌モーター、4枚プロペラ翼を用いて2時間撹拌し、2時間静置した。ソーダライムガラスを100℃に予熱し、430℃の溶融塩に4時間浸漬して化学強化処理を行った。ガラスを100℃のイオン交換水で洗浄し、60℃で2時間乾燥した。その後CS、DOLを各々測定した。
ガラスをアルミノシリケートガラスに換えた以外は実施例1A-1~1A-6と同様に、溶融塩を調製して、化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
(比較例1A-1~1A-6)
オルトリン酸カリウム三水和物を添加せず硝酸カリウムのみの溶融塩を用いた以外は実施例1A-1~1A-6と同様に化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。(比較例1B-1~1B-6)
オルトリン酸カリウム三水和物を添加せず硝酸カリウムのみの溶融塩を用いた以外は実施例1B-1~1B-6と同様に化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
(実施例2A-1~2A-6)
オルトリン酸カリウム三水和物の添加量を6.7g(硝酸カリウムに対するK3PO4含有量:1mol%)とした以外は実施例1A-1~1A-6と同様に化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
(実施例2B-1~2B-6)
オルトリン酸カリウム三水和物の添加量を6.7g(硝酸カリウムに対するK3PO4含有量:1mol%)とした以外は実施例1B-1~1B-6と同様に化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
(実施例3A-1~3A-6)
オルトリン酸カリウム三水和物の添加量を43.2g(硝酸カリウムに対するK3PO4含有量:6mol%)とした以外は実施例1A-1~1A-6と同様に化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
(実施例3B-1~3B-6)
オルトリン酸カリウム三水和物の添加量を43.2g(硝酸カリウムに対するK3PO4含有量:6mol%)とした以外は実施例1B-1~1B-6と同様に化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
(実施例4A-1)
SUS製のカップに硝酸カリウム250gを加え、マントルヒーターで430℃まで加熱して溶融塩を調製した。こうして調製した溶融塩に炭酸カリウムを29.7g(硝酸カリウムに対するK2CO3含有量:8mol%)添加し、撹拌モーター、4枚プロペラ翼を用いて10時間撹拌し、2時間静置した。その後ソーダライムガラスを100℃に予熱し、430℃の溶融塩に4時間浸漬して化学強化処理を行った。その後ガラスを100℃のイオン交換水で洗浄し、60℃で2時間乾燥した。化学強化処理後の当該ガラスのCS、DOLを各々測定した。
実施例1A-2~1A-6と同様に、化学強化処理を行った溶融塩に順次硝酸ナトリウムを添加し、化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
ガラスをアルミノシリケートガラスに換えた以外は実施例4A-1~4A-6と同様に、溶融塩を調製して、化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
(実施例5A-1~5A-6)
炭酸カリウムの添加量を18.0g(硝酸カリウムに対するK2CO3含有量:5mol%)とした以外は実施例4A-1~4A-6と同様に化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
(実施例5B-1~5B-6)
炭酸カリウムの添加量を18.0g(硝酸カリウムに対するK2CO3含有量:5mol%)とした以外は実施例4B-1~4B-6と同様に化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
(実施例6A-1~6A-6)
炭酸カリウムの添加量を55.6g(硝酸カリウムに対するK2CO3含有量:14mol%)とした以外は実施例4A-1~4A-6と同様に化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
(実施例6B-1~6B-6)
炭酸カリウムの添加量を55.6g(硝酸カリウムに対するK2CO3含有量:14mol%)とした以外は実施例4B-1~4B-6と同様に化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
(実施例7A-1~7A-6)
(実施例7A-1)
SUS製のカップに硝酸カリウム250gを加え、マントルヒーターで430℃まで加熱して溶融塩を調製した。こうして調製した溶融塩にピロリン酸カリウム三水和物を30.4g(硝酸カリウムに対するK4P2O7含有量:4.4mol%)添加し、撹拌モーター、4枚プロペラ翼を用いて2時間撹拌し、2時間静置した。その後ソーダライムガラスを100℃に予熱し、430℃の溶融塩に4時間浸漬して化学強化処理を行った。その後ガラスを100℃のイオン交換水で洗浄し、60℃で2時間乾燥した。化学強化処理後の当該ガラスのCS、DOLを各々測定した。
実施例1A-2~1A-6と同様に、化学強化処理を行った溶融塩に順次硝酸ナトリウムを添加し、化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
ガラスをアルミノシリケートガラスに換えた以外は実施例7A-1~7A-6と同様に、溶融塩を調製して、化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
(実施例8A-1~8A-6)
ピロリン酸カリウム三水和物の添加量を6.7g(硝酸カリウムに対するK4P2O7含有量:1mol%)とした以外は実施例7A-1~7A-6と同様に化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
(実施例8B-1~8B-6)
ピロリン酸カリウム三水和物の添加量を6.7g(硝酸カリウムに対するK4P2O7含有量:1mol%)とした以外は実施例7B-1~7B-6と同様に化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
(実施例9A-1~9A-6)
ピロリン酸カリウム三水和物の添加量を43.2g(硝酸カリウムに対するK4P2O7含有量:6mol%)とした以外は実施例7A-1~7A-6と同様に化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
(実施例9B-1~9B-6)
ピロリン酸カリウム三水和物の添加量を43.2g(硝酸カリウムに対するK4P2O7含有量:6mol%)とした以外は実施例7B-1~7B-6と同様に化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
比較例1の結果に基づき、硝酸カリウム溶融塩に他の無機カリウム塩を添加せずに化学強化処理を行った場合の、溶融塩中のNaイオン濃度(NaNO3をA(mol)、KNO3をB(mol)としたときのA/(A+B)の値)とCSとの関係を図1にまとめた。図1の結果から、化学強化ガラスのCSは、ソーダライムガラス(比較例1A)よりもアルミノシリケートガラス(比較例1B)の方が一様に高い値が得られたことが分かる。そこで、以下、無機カリウム塩の溶融塩への添加の効果を実証するために、アルミノシリケートガラスでの結果を用いて今後の考察を行う。
そして、比較例1Bにおいて、初期状態の溶融塩(比較例1B-1)により付与されたCS値が864MPaであったことから、これより約10%低下したCS値(800MPa)を劣化状態の基準とした。すなわち、CS値が800MPaとなるときの溶融塩中のNaイオン含有量(硝酸ナトリウムに対する添加量(mol%))を溶融塩の寿命の指標として、以後評価した。
実施例1B、実施例2B、及び実施例3Bの結果に基づき、硝酸カリウム溶融塩にオルトリン酸カリウムを添加して化学強化処理を行った場合の、硝酸カリウム(KNO3)に対するNa添加量(質量ppm)と、得られたCSとの関係を図2にまとめた。比較のために、硝酸カリウムのみ、すなわち無機カリウム塩が未添加の場合の関係についても併せて示す(比較例1B)。
また、先述した方法により、オルトリン酸カリウム添加量に対応する全イオン交換能力を算出した。オルトリン酸カリウムはアニオンの価数が3であるから、交換可能なカリウムイオン数を1とすると、潜在的なNa-Kイオン交換能力は3である。
全イオン交換能力=(オルトリン酸カリウム添加量)×(潜在的なNa―Kイオン交換能力)
さらに、硝酸カリウムに対するオルトリン酸カリウムの添加量(mol%)と、溶融塩の寿命比(硝酸カリウムのみの溶融塩の寿命を1.00倍としたときの比)の関係を図3に示す。
以上より、オルトリン酸カリウムの添加が溶融塩の長寿命化に著しい効果を奏することが分かった。
実施例4B、実施例5B、及び実施例6Bの結果に基づき、硝酸カリウム溶融塩に炭酸カリウムを添加して化学強化処理を行った場合の、硝酸カリウム(KNO3)に対するNa添加量(質量ppm)と、得られたCSとの関係を図4にまとめた。比較のために、硝酸カリウムのみ、すなわち無機カリウム塩が未添加の場合の関係についても併せて示す(比較例1B)。
また、先述した方法により、炭酸カリウム添加量に対応する全イオン交換能力を算出した。炭酸カリウムはアニオンの価数が2であるから、交換可能なカリウムイオン数を1とすると、潜在的なNa-Kイオン交換能力は2である。
全イオン交換能力=(炭酸カリウム添加量)×(潜在的なNa―Kイオン交換能力)
さらに、硝酸カリウム(KNO3)に対する炭酸カリウムの添加量(mol%)と溶融塩の寿命比(硝酸カリウムのみの溶融塩の寿命を1.00倍としたときの比)の関係を図5に示す。
以上より、炭酸カリウムの添加が溶融塩の長寿命化に著しい効果を奏することが分かった。
実施例4B、実施例5B、及び実施例6Bの結果に基づき、硝酸カリウム溶融塩にピロリン酸カリウムを添加して化学強化処理を行った場合の、硝酸カリウム(KNO3)に対するNa添加量(質量ppm)と、得られたCSとの関係を図6にまとめた。比較のために、硝酸カリウムのみ、すなわち無機カリウム塩が未添加の場合の関係についても併せて示す(比較例1B)。
また、先述した方法により、ピロリン酸カリウム添加量に対応する全イオン交換能力を算出した。ピロリン酸カリウムはアニオンの価数が4であるから、交換可能なカリウムイオン数を1とすると、潜在的なNa-Kイオン交換能力は4である。
全イオン交換能力=(ピロリン酸カリウム添加量)×(潜在的なNa―Kイオン交換能力)
さらに、硝酸カリウム(KNO3)に対するピロリン酸カリウムの添加量(mol%)と溶融塩の寿命比(硝酸カリウムのみの溶融塩の寿命を1.00倍としたときの比)の関係を図7に示す。
以上より、ピロリン酸カリウムの添加が溶融塩の長寿命化に著しい効果を奏することが分かった。
図8より、硝酸カリウムを主成分とするガラス強化用溶融塩に対し、これら無機カリウム塩をあらかじめ添加することにより、寿命の長期化を実現することができる。中でも、オルトリン酸カリウムによる寿命延長効果は著しいことが分かる。
(比較例2A-1~2A-4)
(比較例2A-1)
SUS製のカップに硝酸カリウム250gを加え、マントルヒーターで430℃まで加熱して溶融塩を調製した。こうして調製した溶融塩にシリカ粉末を0.2g(硝酸カリウムに対するSiO2含有量:0.1質量%)添加し、撹拌モーター、4枚プロペラ翼を用いて2時間撹拌し、2時間静置した。その後ソーダライムガラスを100℃に予熱し、430℃の溶融塩に4時間浸漬して化学強化処理を行った。その後ガラスを100℃のイオン交換水で洗浄し、60℃で2時間乾燥した。化学強化処理後の当該ガラスのCS、DOLを各々測定した。
実施例7A-2~7A-4と同様に、化学強化処理を行った溶融塩に順次硝酸ナトリウムを添加し、化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
ガラスをアルミノシリケートガラスに換えた以外は比較例2A-1~2A-4と同様に、溶融塩を調製して、化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
(比較例3A-1~3A-4)
シリカ粉末の添加量を25.1g(硝酸カリウムに対するSiO2含有量:10質量%)とした以外は比較例2A-1~2A-4と同様に化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
シリカ粉末の添加量を25.1g(硝酸カリウムに対するSiO2含有量:10質量%)とした以外は比較例2B-1~2B-4と同様に化学強化処理を行い、CS、DOLを各々測定した。
比較例2B、3Bの結果に基づき、硝酸カリウム溶融塩にシリカを添加して化学強化処理を行った場合の、硝酸カリウム(KNO3)に対するNa添加量(質量ppm)と、得られたCSとの関係を図9にまとめた。比較のために、硝酸カリウムのみ、すなわち無機カリウム塩が未添加の場合の関係についても併せて示す(比較例1B)。
さらに、シリカの添加量(硝酸カリウムKNO3に対するシリカSiO2の添加量(質量%))と溶融塩の寿命比(硝酸カリウムのみの溶融塩の寿命を1.00倍としたときの比)の関係を図10に示す。
以上より、シリカの添加は溶融塩の長寿命化に効果を奏しないことが分かった。
Claims (8)
- イオン交換によりガラス表面に圧縮応力層を形成するために用いるガラス強化用溶融塩であって、
硝酸カリウムを含有し、さらに炭酸アニオン及びリン酸アニオンのうち少なくとも一方を含有するガラス強化用溶融塩。 - 硝酸カリウム、炭酸アニオン及びリン酸アニオンを含有する請求項1に記載のガラス強化用溶融塩。
- 前記炭酸アニオンが、炭酸カリウムのアニオン種であり、前記リン酸アニオンが、オルトリン酸カリウム及びピロリン酸カリウムのうち少なくとも一方のアニオン種である請求項1または2に記載のガラス強化用溶融塩。
- 前記炭酸カリウムの含有量が前記硝酸カリウムに対し3.5~24モル%である請求項3に記載のガラス強化用溶融塩。
- 前記オルトリン酸カリウムの含有量が前記硝酸カリウムに対し0.8~13.5モル%である請求項3または4に記載のガラス強化用溶融塩。
- 前記ピロリン酸カリウムの含有量が前記硝酸カリウムに対し3.5~9.0モル%である請求項3~5のいずれか1項に記載のガラス強化用溶融塩。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のガラス強化用溶融塩を用いてガラス表面に圧縮応力層を形成する工程を含む強化ガラスの製造方法。
- イオン交換によりガラス表面に圧縮応力層を形成するために用いるガラス強化用溶融塩の寿命を延長する方法であって、
硝酸カリウムを含む強化処理前の溶融塩に、炭酸アニオン及びリン酸アニオンのうち少なくとも一方を含むように、炭酸カリウム及びリン酸カリウムのうち少なくとも一方を混合する、ガラス強化用溶融塩の寿命延長方法。
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI510443B (zh) * | 2014-06-30 | 2015-12-01 | G Tech Optoelectronics Corp | 玻璃部件強化處理方法 |
| WO2016129729A1 (ko) * | 2015-02-13 | 2016-08-18 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 알루미노실리케이트 강화유리 제조용 조성물 및 이를 이용한 유리 강화 방법 |
| WO2018043361A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-02 | 2018-03-08 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 化学強化ガラスの製造方法 |
| US12426184B2 (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2025-09-23 | Corning Incorporated | Foldable apparatus, ribbons, and methods of making |
| US12481316B2 (en) | 2019-08-29 | 2025-11-25 | Corning Incorporated | Foldable apparatus, foldable substrate, and methods of making |
| WO2021113237A1 (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2021-06-10 | Corning Incorporated | Methods to mitigate haze induced during ion exchange with carbonate salts |
| WO2025136780A1 (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2025-06-26 | Corning Incorporated | Chemically-strengthened substrate and methods of chemically strengthening a substrate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW201414683A (zh) | 2014-04-16 |
| JP2014208591A (ja) | 2014-11-06 |
| JPWO2014045978A1 (ja) | 2016-08-18 |
| JP5692463B2 (ja) | 2015-04-01 |
| CN104661977B (zh) | 2016-10-12 |
| KR20150058224A (ko) | 2015-05-28 |
| CN104661977A (zh) | 2015-05-27 |
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