WO2014041146A1 - Stationary and mobile apparatus for energy-optimal introduction of a gas, gas mixture or fluid into a liquid by controlled introduction of individual bubbles or droplets of a gas, gas mixture or fluid - Google Patents

Description

 Stationary and mobile device for energy-optimal introduction of a gas, a gas mixture or a fluid into a liquid by a controlled entry of individual bubbles or drops of a gas, gas mixture or fluid

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for energy-optimal introduction of a gas, a gas mixture or a fluid into a liquid, for example in partially or completely filled with the liquid reactors, in natural or in artificial waters or industrial manufacturing processes.

In currently conventional devices for introducing a gas or a gas mixture into a liquid or in other words, for Begasen of liquids, membrane Begaser, ceramic Begaser or horizontal perforated plates are used. It has proved to be a disadvantage that the membrane aerator and the ceramic aerator have a high energy consumption. The slots in the membranes of these aerators must be laboriously opened and closed for their operation, which leads to systemic pressure losses during passage of gas from the membrane slots or through the wall of the ceramic aerator. During downtime, water can penetrate through the membrane slots or the pores of the ceramic wall in the aerator, which then has to be discharged again by the evaporation during operation with the conveyed air. In addition, it is disadvantageous that the membrane and ceramic aerators can only be cleaned in a complicated manner. For this they must be solved prior to removal with great effort before the removal from the liquid of their fasteners on the ground, which secure the aerators against buoyancy and be released by the evaporation of the liquid entered into the slots and after evaporation residual impurities. This cleaning method also has the disadvantage that the fixed solids or dirt particles in the membrane slots or on the ceramic surface can not be completely removed. As a result, the membrane and ceramic aerators have a short operating life because the slits may be clogged with the contaminants, which may result in the aerators no longer functioning or consuming more energy to overcome the higher drag resistances due to contamination got to. In the case of the horizontal apertured diaphragms, it has proven to be disadvantageous that the released gas bubbles coalesce after emerging from the outlet opening and form larger gas bubbles, which are not suitable for small bubbles due to a high rate of increase for the given purposes of energy-efficient gas introduction with a gasifier. Common to all conventional dressers is the fact that the individual gas bubbles introduced quickly combine or coalesce into even larger bubbles and therefore cause too high a rate of ascent. have in reverse, which shortens the decisive for the transfer of gas from the gas bubble into the liquid contact time, which is determined by the rate of ascent shortened. The gas is therefore quickly eliminated from the liquid and the desired effects of minimum ascent rate or maximum contact time of a fumigant are achieved only limited. This has the consequence that, the larger the gas bubbles are, the more volume of the gas or gas mixture has to be conveyed in order to achieve the target of transferring the required amount of gases or gas mixtures into the surrounding liquid with the gas or gas mixture introduced to distribute as finely as possible a maximum of the volume flow conveyed into the pressure chamber in the liquid. With the larger gas bubbles thus more energy is consumed for the promotion of the gas or gas mixture to enter the desired amount of gas in the liquid, as with small bubbles and the achievable lower ascent rate or longer contact time.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to overcome the abovementioned disadvantages and to provide an apparatus and a method for introducing a gas or a gas mixture into a liquid, which operate energy-saving and create individual smaller, smaller and also very small gas bubbles which are not coalescing and thus having a desired low rate of rise and extended residence time of the bubbles in the or a prolonged contact time with the liquid, whereby at the same time the energy required to promote the required volume flow of the gas or gas mixture is significantly reduced. The device according to the invention should be easy to clean. In addition, the object of the present invention to ensure a device and a method that can be flexibly used for energy-optimal entry of a gas or a gas mixture at different locations, in partially or fully filled reactors, in artificial and natural waters, in risers and sewage and water pipes are suitable for the oxygen input for the biological degradation of ingredients in water or in the water and the like, in industrial processing and manufacturing.

This object is solved by all features of the independent device claim and the independent method claim. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

The energy requirement for the entry of gases or gas mixtures in liquids can be reduced according to the invention by three measures. On the one hand, the volumetric flow of a gas or a gas mixture must already be distributed as finely as possible in the liquid at the time of introduction into the liquids in order to achieve a maximum contact surface between the delivered volumetric flow of the gas or of the gas mixture and the surrounding liquid. Second, it is to be avoided that gas bubbles, after emerging from an outlet element, coalesce before reaching the surface of the liquid, because by avoiding the coalescence, in turn, the previously described volume flow to be conveyed and the corresponding energy requirement can be reduced. Thirdly, the frictional resistances from the entry of a gas or gas mixture into the aerator or into a pressure chamber until it leaves the outlet elements must be minimized. The smaller the diameter or volume of a gas bubble, the higher are the frictional forces of the liquid acting on the rising gas bubble, and the lower is the rate of ascent or the longer is the rise time or contact time of the gas bubble in the liquid , The longer the rise time or the contact time, the longer the content of the gas bubble in the liquid can diffuse, for example, as oxygen in the biological wastewater treatment. The surface of a sphere results from 4 * r ² * π and the volume of the sphere from 4/3 * r ³ * π. As the volume of the bubble increases, the ratio of the volume of a sphere to its surface decreases (= specific volume = 3 / r = 6 / cf), so that as the volume of the sphere increases, so does the contact area of the total defined volume of air in the reactor relative to the surrounding space Amount of fluid decreases. If the diameter of a sphere with r = 2 is reduced to r = 1 at constant temperature and constant pressure, the surface area of 50.24 area units of a sphere changes to 12.56 area units of a sphere and the volume of a sphere with r = 2 of 33.49 volume units changes to 4.19 volume units for a sphere with r = 1. The volume of a sphere with r = 2 corresponds after reduction of the radius to r = 1 with 33,49 / 4, 19 the volume of 8 sphere with r = 1. The starting surface of 50,24 surface units changes from a sphere with r = 2 on an area of the 8 spheres with r = 1 to 8 * 12.56 = 100.48 area units, which is twice the initial area at r = 2. The total area of 100.48 area units, which is two times higher, has a factor of two times higher frictional forces than 50.24 area units, which have a delaying effect on the lift or rise of a gas bubble and, conversely, extend the contact time.

In order to prevent two or more gas bubbles from coalescing after exiting the fumigant and decreasing the volume to contact area ratio between the gas bubble and the surrounding liquid with each coalescence, two conditions must be met when introducing a gas or gas mixture , The first condition is that the distance between the individual outlet openings in the outlet elements to each other, from which the gas or gas mixture enters the liquid is at least so great that at the same time exit of one gas bubble from two or more outlet openings in the outlet elements of a Begasser none of these bubbles with any of the other at the same time or in a very short time after their leaked bubbles in contact and coalesced into a larger bubble. The second condition is that above each exit port of the gas scrubber two sequentially emerging gas bubbles can not coalesce with each other.

In order for the gas or gas mixture to flow from a pressure chamber through an outlet member, the total pressure in the pressure chamber plus the pressure to overcome the frictional forces in the outlet member must be greater than in the water column above the pressure chamber and the outlet member. To overcome this pressure, energy must be provided. The energy requirement of different types of gas turbine at the same volume flow and at the same temperature depends on the frictional resistance to be overcome both in the gasifier and in the outlet elements.

An outlet member having a low or very low frictional resistance may be an inside smooth tube piece in which no slot in the membrane has to be opened at a higher pressure compared with a membrane aerator and in which compared to a ceramic Begaser no higher pressure must be applied to overcome the frictional resistances in the ceramic wall.

The tube was a single free-standing outlet element arranged perpendicular to the horizontal through which a gas, a gas mixture or a fluid flows from the bottom to the top. The tube may each have at the bottom and at the top of an opening which is mounted parallel to the horizontal. Furthermore, a lower opening can be arranged parallel to the horizontal and an upper opening can have an inclination at an angle between 0 ° and 89 ° in the form of a cannula. Finally, a lower opening can be arranged parallel to the horizontal and an upper opening is closed, with an outlet for the escape of gases, gas mixtures or fluids laterally below the upper closure. In this case, it is an upper closed hollow needle with a lateral outlet opening below the top of the closure for the exit of a gas or gas mixture. Instead of a single freestanding tube with a slope at the top opening, a channel inserted into a monolithic solid can function with the same function with an opening at the bottom and at the top, which is mounted parallel to the horizontal. A channel inserted in a monolithic solid may have a lower opening parallel to the horizontal and an upper opening having a slope at the upper opening between 0 ° and 89 ° in the same way as a cannula as an outlet element.

In any shape of the end of the outlet member whose outlet opening is parallel to the horizontal, the gas bubble exits simultaneously over the entire opening area of the outlet member. If, however, the outlet opening is inclined to the horizontal, so that the first distance of the edge of the outlet opening to the surface of the pressure chamber is less than the second distance of the 180 ° opposite edge of the outlet opening prevails when reaching the edge with the first distance at this point in the outlet opening only the hydrostatic pressure of the water column, while on the opposite side by 180 ° in the outlet still the sum of the pressure in the pressure chamber plus the pressure to overcome the frictional forces in the outlet prevails. This pressure gradient at the outlet opening of the outlet element leads before the onset of the rise of the gas bubble to a movement from the higher part of the outlet opening with the second distance away into the liquid. The gas bubble therefore begins its rise not directly above the outlet opening but laterally offset from the lowest point of the outlet opening. As a result of this lateral movement of the gas bubble from the outlet opening into the liquid before the start of the ascent, a gas bubble which has already escaped from an outlet opening and a subsequent gas bubble emerging from the outlet opening does not emerge in succession even at different flow rates of the gas or gas mixture for the coalescence of two the outlet element escaping bubbles.

If a gas or gas mixture, however, from an outlet opening of a top sealed pipe section or a hollow needle closed above, the outlet opening is mounted parallel to the horizontal and from which the gas or gas mixture laterally from the outlet element into a liquid, a registered in the liquid bubble must have traveled a certain distance until the next bladder is allowed to escape from the lateral outlet opening of the outlet element and the previously exited gas bubble is then already so far from the opening Removing the outlet element is removed that the coalescence can not be done with her after having entered the liquid bubble. In this case, however, the coalescence is only by controlling interventions in the entry of the gas or gas mixture either by the continuous readjustment of the still maximum recoverable volume flow of einzutragendem in the liquid gas, gas mixture or fluid, in which the largest bubbles form in a continuously uniform volume flow , avoided.

A cannula as a possible outlet element according to the invention is characterized by an upwardly open tube piece whose upper end has an inclination of the tube wall. A hollow needle as another possible outlet element according to the invention is characterized either as a pipe section with a straight outlet opening parallel to the horizontal or through a pipe section closed upwards with respect to the inlet opening, with a lateral opening from which the gas, gas mixture or fluid emerges.

If a gas bubble emerges from the side of an opening of a hollow needle closed at the top, it rises on a path where it inevitably follows the next bubble. The gas bubble exiting laterally from the hollow needle closed at the top must therefore already have ascended a certain distance before the next bubble can rise out of the lateral opening so that coalescence with this following exiting bubble can be ruled out.

The finer a volumetric flow of a gas, gas mixture or fluid can be distributed in a liquid and the more increasingly smaller diameters of the gas, gas mixture or fluid an increasingly larger contact surface of registered gas bubbles or Fluidtrop- fen can be created, the lower is the promotional Volumetric flow of the gas or gas mixture and thus also the energy required for the promotion of the volume flow. The energy requirement can be further reduced if no energy is needed for the expansion of a membrane, a membrane gasifier or for overcoming the frictional resistances when flowing through the wall of a ceramic gasifier. This energy consumption can be avoided with the device described here, if the conditions described for avoiding coalescence, namely the minimum distance of the outlet elements, the exit sequence of the gas bubbles from the outlet openings, the shape of the outlet openings and the settings of a maximum volume flow at a Koaleszenzrisiko opening such a hollow needle with lateral outlet opening is met. It is an essential element of the device that the volume flow of a gas or gas mixture can be set in clear contrast to conventional membrane and ceramic Begasern or perforated plates so that on the one hand coalescence is prevented and the other to be entered volume flow of the gas or gas mixture so finely dissolved and distributed, that a minimum amount of bubbles promoted because optimal bubble size and maximum because optimal contact area between the registered amount of the gas or gas mixture is achieved. With this constellation and combination of all described conditions, the energy optimum for the entry of gases and gas mixtures in liquids can be achieved.

In order to achieve these optimum conditions, an optimal arrangement of all outlet elements in the pinhole or on the surface of the pressure chamber and a permanent strength and stability of each outlet element in the surface is a prerequisite. The present invention It is advantageously possible to adjust the exit location and the discharge quantity of a gas, gas mixture or fluid from the aerator into the liquid for an energy-optimal entry of the gas, gas mixture or fluid into the liquid.

The simultaneous positive and gas-tight fitting of the foot in the pinhole a multi-component device is achieved for energy-optimal entry of gases and gas mixtures in liquids at different conditions for conditions for gases, gas mixtures or fluids.

According to the invention, a device is provided for introducing a gas or a gas mixture into a liquid, which may have a pressure chamber required for the gas or the gas mixture to overcome the hydrostatic pressure, the water column overlying the pressure chamber and the frictional resistance present in the outlet elements can enter the liquid from the pressure chamber. The pressure chamber may have a self-supporting pinhole with punched, drilled or lasered holes with the same or unequal diameters or with equal or unequal lengths of the edges of the holes on the entire surface of the self-supporting pinhole and a Begaserwanne or a closed bottom plate, wherein the pinhole a Top and the Begaserwanne or a closed floor panel can form a bottom of the pressure chamber. For supplying the gas or the gas mixture into the pressure chamber, a supply air line can be provided. For discharging the liquid from the pressure chamber, a drainage line may be provided. Advantageously, the invention provides outlet elements for the gas, gas mixture or fluid.

An outlet member may internally comprise a smooth tube formed either as a tube having an opening parallel to the horizontal at both ends, a cannula having a lower end parallel to the horizontal opening and an upper end inclined opening, a cannula having an inclined one Opening to the horizontal at the lower end and an inclined opening at the upper end, an upper end closed hollow needle with an opening parallel to the horizontal at the lower end, or an upper end closed hollow needle with an inclined to the horizontal opening at the bottom.

Trained as a pipe piece outlet can be embedded for installation and attachment and / or for positive and gas-tight installation in a carrier and fastener, wherein the carrier and fastener in turn is used for installation and subsequent support in the pinhole. The number of outlet elements per pressure chamber may consist between an outlet element and the possible number of outlet elements, which can be installed as a maximum technically on a self-supporting pinhole. The individual outlet element or any other number of outlet elements may be arranged on the perforated plate, spaced apart from the aerator trough or bottom plate, such that only part of a carrier and fastening element at the top of the pressure chamber reach into the pressure chamber, the pressure chamber thereby but may be substantially free of parts of the tube pieces or the cannulas or the hollow needle as part of an outlet element. In this case, the outlet element can be designed as a cannula with a gas-tight fitting tube piece or a gas-tight fitted hollow needle. Each tube piece, each cannula or each hollow needle in a pinhole can be the same length and each have the same nominal diameter or equal edges of the outlet openings or each cannula in a pinhole can be different lengths and at each length a specific nominal size or shape and length of Have outlet openings. The gas or the gas mixture can emerge from the outlet elements in the form of bubbles. The size of the tube or cannula or hollow needle may be selected such that the bubbles discharged through the tube or cannula or hollow needle are of a suitable size to allow it to be in a particular liquid for a desired time.

The invention is based on the idea that the outlet elements can be arranged at the top of the pressure chamber and that the pressure chamber can remain substantially hollow in the sense that no internals for static protection or flow of gases, gas mixtures and fluids are installed so as to allow uptake and maximum possible non-interfering flow of the gas, gas mixture or fluid.

The invention includes the technical teaching that the outlet element comprises a tube piece or a cannula or a hollow needle, which is directed outwardly into the liquid for discharging the gas, gas mixture or fluid. In addition, the outlet element according to the invention may comprise a foot as a support and fastening element, which may spread to one end and at the lower end outside a stand ring may be attached so that the end with or without a standing ring as part of the foot inwards in the Pressure chamber is directed.

Advantageously, the gas, gas mixture or fluid from the pressure chamber through the foot of the outlet, which is mounted in the top of the pressure chamber, directly into the pipe or cannula or the hollow needle and thereby escape into the liquid.

The stationary rings of the cannulas or hollow needles protrude into the pressure chamber. Likewise, the installation of the feet can be made such that although there is a gap at the lower edge of the pinhole between the lower edge of the self-supporting pinhole and the lower end of the foot or the upper edge of the base ring, but the connection between the foot and pinhole is gas-tight. The gas tightness at the contact point of the foot and pinhole can be determined at any time in a water bath and, if necessary, be brought specifically to the leaking points.

According to the invention, the outlet element can be designed in two parts. The pipe section or the cannula or the hollow needle can be made of stainless steel and the foot of an elastic material. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the outlet element of the same material, in particular made of stainless steel, may be formed with or without foot.

The self-supporting pinhole diaphragm according to the invention can have at least one opening a plurality of openings which can correspond to the plurality of outlet elements. Advantageously, the outlet elements can be arranged in a form-fitting manner in the openings of the self-supporting pinhole. It is particularly advantageous that the outlet elements can be kept in the pinhole easily and without additional components or fasteners on the self-supporting pinhole. The pressure chamber remains below the ends of the feet or bottom rings of the individual outlet elements or below the mounted on the feet of the individual outlet elements control elements, such as solenoid valves or flaps, with the volume flow temporarily or permanently for each piece of pipe, each cannula and each hollow needle individually or for some at the same time or for all at the same time can be interrupted or reduced, essentially free of any components, such as static internals against external pressure, spacers between the self-supporting pinhole and the Begaserwanne or closed bottom plate, baffles or other flow-leading or flow-obstructing internals.

The gas, gas mixture or fluid in the pressure chamber can thus be led from the pressure chamber into the liquid directly through the outlet elements opening down into the pressure chamber, in particular through the foot of the outlet elements.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the outlet element by elastic deformation, in particular of the foot, can seal off a corresponding opening of the self-supporting pinhole sealing. According to the invention, a separate seal can be provided between the pinhole and the outlet elements.

Thus, a sealed space can be created in the pressure chamber, wherein the gas or the gas mixture can escape from the pressure chamber only through the provided outlet elements.

In order to create a positive connection with the self-supporting pinhole, the outlet elements can be attached to the pinhole plate by pressing and / or pressing and / or wrapping in a corresponding opening of the self-supporting pinhole.

According to a particular advantage, the outlet element can have a gas outlet region which deviates from a termination of the pipe section or cannula or the hollow needle which is parallel to the horizontal or to the upper side of the pressure chamber. In this case, a pipe section or a hollow needle is used, in which the outer wall is removed starting from a point of the pipe section or the cannula starting radially increasing so far that remains after completion of the ablation process only a tip. The section of the tube or cannula from the beginning of material removal to the tip corresponds to the inclination from the beginning of the removal to the tip. The inclination of each tube or cannula can be smooth or rough and at the same time straight, convex, concave or by combination smooth and rough with straight and with convex or straight and concave or with convex and concave inclinations. By selecting the appropriate slope, a particular shape and size of the leaking bubbles, the repulsive force with which the bubbles are omitted, their trajectory and their speed can be realized. The adjusted slope of the gas outlet area can serve to optimally increase the residence time of the bubbles in the liquid. According to the invention, it can be provided that the outlet element has a gas outlet region with an inclination of 0 ° to 89 °, in particular 60 °, to a horizontal plane parallel to the top of the Comprises pressure chamber. Thus, the exit direction of the bubbles can be determined so that the subsequent bubbles initially move in a different direction than the previously leaked before they rise to the top. This can prevent the bubbles from hitting one another, coalescing and forming larger glass bubbles that have a lower resistance to buoyancy than two separate smaller bubbles and, as a larger bubble, being carried up by the buoyancy force more quickly. The negative effect of coalescence can thus be overcome.

According to the invention, the outlet member may have an outer diameter of 0.2 mm to 10.0 mm, preferably 0.2 mm to 1, 0 mm in order to achieve a suitable size of the bubbles. The inner diameter of the outlet element may be in a range of 0.01 mm to 2.0 mm, in particular about 0.01 mm to 0.45 mm, wherein the perpendicular to each other and parallel to the horizontal lying radii as in the same time circle and as with the ellipse can be unequal in length. The lengths of the edges of a non-circular or non-circular or non-elliptical exit aperture may be equal or nonuniform along each side of the exit aperture, and each edge may be another angle at an angle of 0 ° to 90 ° or a circle angle of 0 ° to 179 ° connected. The width of the opening, preferably indicated as the inner diameter of the outlet, is not used for dimensioning a gas scrubber, but to generate the optimal energetically for the particular application bubble size. If it is known which bubble size is optimal, the number of outlet elements is determined. Thus, depending on the intended use with the same flow rate of the gas or gas mixture conveyed, preferably a different inner diameter or a different area can be selected for the arrangement of the outlet elements and the shape of the outlet opening. Likewise, outlet elements preferably having different internal diameters or another surface and shape of the outlet opening can be used on an upper side in order to produce bubbles of different sizes at different volume flows. The distance between the outlet elements can be both uniform and non-uniform both in the longitudinal and in the transverse direction and, starting at 0.1 mm, can assume any length required for the respective application.

It is also conceivable that the outlet element for a gas outlet can have a gas outlet region which is formed with at least one opening, which can be embodied, for example, in the form of a slot, a bore, a rectangular opening or another form formed by lasers. A slot, a bore, an opening or a laser can be provided at the upper end of the outlet element, in particular on the tube piece or on the cannula or on the hollow needle, which or which faces the liquid. A laterally executed slot, a lateral bore or a lateral laser can serve to determine the exit direction of the gas bubbles. According to the invention, the outlet direction of the gas bubbles can be selected horizontally, ie parallel to the pinhole and perpendicular to the ascent direction of the bubbles. The bubbles can emerge laterally and then move in a horizontal direction parallel to the pinhole before they are distended upward. In this case, a certain time passes by the side gas outlet, which is longer than at the gas outlet from the cannula with the inclined opening or can be before the buoyancy of the bubbles can start in the vertical direction. Advantageously, it is achieved that the leaked bubbles not with the previously leaked bubbles by a lower volume flow compared to the higher volume flow can coalesce from the cannula. The lateral gas outlet may be advantageous if a gas, a gas mixture or a fluid is to be registered in a unit of time in a liquid, as it may be the case in a natural body of water, in which the daily requirement with constant flow evenly over the Distributed day, while the entry of a gas or gas mixture with the inclined cannula is advantageously registered when a regularly fluctuating demand of the gas or gas mixture is required, as is the case for example in biological wastewater treatment with varying amounts of water and soil concentrations. Here it is ensured with the inclined cannulas that even with slightly larger bubbles due to a higher volume flow of the gas or gas mixture also bubbles of different diameters do not coalesce immediately after their exit from the cannula. Further, a metering pump may be provided to assist an intended concentration of the gas or gas mixture. After leaking bubbles, they may be dispersed in the liquid by the additional action of a recirculation pump or agitator.

The pressure chamber according to the invention can advantageously be self-draining. When the device is not in operation, the pressure chamber can be filled with liquid through the outlet elements. By providing a slight overpressure in the pressure chamber, the liquid that has entered can be partially conveyed out of the pressure chamber through the outlet elements and partly through the low-nominal drainage line. In this case, an overpressure in the pressure chamber is generated at short notice and at the same time, for example, a wear-free hose pump put into operation. Due to the overpressure in the pressure chamber and the simultaneously constructed negative pressure in the drainage line it fills quickly because of their small nominal diameter with the liquid in the pressure chamber. The pressure in the pressure chamber is composed of the pressure to overcome the hydrostatic pressure and to overcome the friction losses in the outlet elements of the pipe section or the cannula or the hollow needle. This pressure is also on the drainage line and is increased by the overpressure, whereby the pump has to lift after filling the drainage line with the liquid from the pressure chamber only over the height between the liquid level and the suction point of the pump. When building a high pressure in the pressure chamber and a small height difference between the liquid level and exit height of the drainage line, which corresponds to the starting point of the pump, with sufficient pressure and a drainage line with low nominal diameter, the pressure chamber under these conditions, even with a reminder of the remainder Be the conduit after completing the emptying process.

The entry of liquid standing above the pressure chamber through the outlet elements into the pressure chamber can be avoided permanently if a pressure of at least more than 1 mbar in the pressure chamber can be maintained constantly between the start of an interruption of operation and the restarting of the entry of a gas or gas mixture.

To set a desired pressure of the gas or gas mixture in the pressure chamber, a compressor may be provided to achieve a desired pressure of the gas or gas mixture in the pressure chamber. It is also advantageous that the device is backwashed by the drainage line. In this case, the liquid can be flushed out at a corresponding overpressure by the outlet elements and entrain the set in the outlet elements dirt particles. For supplying the gas or the gas mixture through the supply air line and for backwashing through the drainage line, a pump may be provided in each case.

According to the self-supporting pinhole and the Begaserwanne or the bottom plate can be connected by screwing together. In addition, between the self-supporting pinhole or the monolithic solid and the Begaserwanne or the bottom plate, a seal may be provided to seal the pressure chamber.

According to the present invention, there is no need to open or close complicated structures such as membrane aerators or ceramic aerators for introducing a gas or gas mixture into a liquid. The device according to the invention can thus be used to save energy. The device can be switched on and off at the place of use, in the liquid and without taking it out. It can be easily vented and cleaned. When using a material such as stainless steel for the self-supporting pinhole and for the outlet elements, reagents such as acetic acid or superheated steam can be used for cleaning.

In the case of ceramic seeders, it is not possible to define which amount of gas penetrates at what time with what volume from a gastric pore. Likewise, in the case of membrane aerators, it is not possible to define which amount of gas penetrates from the slit of the membrane at which time and with what volume; the slots open or close depending on the pressure, whereby due to the equation of state of the gases with fluctuating pressures but constant ambient temperatures and the volumes of the delivered gas or gas mixture to escape, which escape from individual slots.

In contrast, it can be measured with the device described here, which volume of a gas or gas mixture at which point at which time in a liquid is introduced. The registered volume flow is distributed over the number of outlet elements of a pressure chamber. Since the same pressure and temperature conditions prevail in the pressure chamber for each outlet element, the same volume flows through each outlet element at each time point. The coordinates of an outlet opening of each individual outlet element can be determined precisely when entering a gas or a gas mixture both in the area and in space. Thus, the concentration of a gas or a gas mixture at the entry point in the liquid body can be determined. By approximately determining the concentration at the entry word, the required volume flow of the gas or gas mixture can be adjusted at any time as needed or demand-dependent, whereby the promotion of non-required volumes suppressed and no energy is consumed for the unnecessary volumes. By coupling at least two pressure chambers in a reactor or a liquid, the required concentration of a gas or a gas mixture in the region of the respective pressure chamber can be set or the volumetric flow required for mixing can be adjusted in a targeted manner. This is of particular interest when, due to constant fluctuations of concentrations, such as are commonplace in biological wastewater treatment, with the entry of gases or gas mixtures for supply the microorganisms for their metabolism a supply of technically pure oxygen or air equivalent to the fluctuating concentration of dirt can be adjusted as needed and thus energy-optimal.

Likewise, at the foot of each cannula or either a solenoid valve can be installed or alternatively a hose connecting the foot of the respective cannula with the associated solenoid valve or multiple tubes of several cannula feet, which are brought together in a tube and connected to only one solenoid valve. The supply and control lines for the solenoid valves are routed to the underside of the top or top or sidewalls of the pressure chamber.

The supply and control lines for the solenoid valves and the drainage line are brought together in a media line, which is connected separately to the pressure chamber.

If required, self-supporting pinhole diaphragms with different population with outlet elements can be exchanged for other self-supporting pinhole, but with a different equipment and arrangement with outlet elements by the design of the Begasers. This exchange is facilitated by the fact that the Begasser by design need not be secured against buoyancy, but are designed so that their weight approximately corresponds to their enclosed cavity, so that both a lifting and a lowering with simple hoist is possible. This is especially useful if, due to design changes or changes in demand, aerators with other throughputs or other arrangements of the outlet elements or a different number of outlet elements must be exchanged for the existing aerators. Another advantage is that, by design, [in stainless steel production], the aerators can be used elsewhere after removal from a reactor or a body of water or a liquid with the aim of replacing other grade aerators elsewhere, thereby creating a difference not yet nondestructively usable membrane and ceramic Begasern sustainable conservation of raw materials and energy from the unique production and multiple possible recycling is achieved.

Since the devices according to the invention combine the conditions of intensive distribution of the volume flow of a gas or gas mixture at the time of its entry into the liquid on a plurality of outlet elements with the avoidance of coalescence of gas bubbles during their rise in the liquid, the volume flow to be delivered is one Gas or gas mixture less than when entering with a membrane Begaser or ceramic Begaser to enter the necessary amount of a gas or gas mixture in the liquid. In connection with a plurality of outlet elements having the characteristic of the inner smooth tube with a low frictional resistance both as a cannula or a hollow needle and the lower volume flow has been found after extensive measurements that for the flow through the pressure chamber and the outlet elements almost no pressure is required. In contrast to membrane or ceramic Begasern when using the device according to the invention almost only pressure and thus energy to overcome the same for all types of gas turbine hydrostatic pressure is required. With the device according to the invention, a higher pressure in the pressure chamber and the outlet elements is to be overcome only at a large volume flow of a gas or gas mixture. The pressure and thus the energy demand corresponding to the pressure can be optimized by the arrangement of several aerators on the energy demand at energy-optimal flow rates.

The device according to the invention can advantageously be installed in a stationary manner at different locations or in different waters. It does not require a complicated structure. This may make them particularly suitable for the following possible applications of the invention and many other applications.

The device according to the invention can be used for introducing a gas or a gas mixture into reactors which are partially or completely filled with liquids, in particular with water, in natural and in artificial waters. The device according to the invention can be introduced permanently stationary at the bottom of a partially or completely filled reactor or at the bottom of a natural and artificial body of water.

The device according to the invention can be operated in a mobile reactor in order to combine the two procedural processes of introducing the gas into a liquid under the distribution of the gas within the liquid, which is usually carried out today by energy-intensive agitators or circulating pumps, that through continuous introduction of the gas or gas mixture by sliding over the bottom of the reactor the gas bubbles emerging from the outlet elements simultaneously mix the water body so that the gas bubbles are evenly distributed in the water body. For this purpose, the device according to the invention is hung on an at least biaxial chassis that is moved on the side edges of the reactor. The chassis can be operated continuously both on the edge of a round, square or elongated reactor and drive on the edge of a round, square or elongated reactor on reaching a pool end by switching back to the opposite corner end. In this case, the device according to the invention can be guided in one position directly over the pelvic floor and in another position above the pelvic floor or in several positions over the pelvic floor.

In addition, the apparatus according to the invention can be used to build up a concentration of gases or gas mixtures in reactors, in water, partially or fully filled reactors, in natural and artificial waters or to increase the already existing concentration of gases or gas mixtures.

Since the device according to the invention already produces small and very small bubbles due to the design, it is particularly suitable for reactors into which a gas, a gas mixture or a fluid can be introduced under pressure into a liquid in order to uniformly distribute the gas or gas mixture with the target a supersaturation of the gas or gas mixture in the entire body of liquid to then trigger by sudden relaxation an immediate rise of the gas bubbles, the gas bubbles because of their small size and the finest particles from the Bring liquid to the surface of the liquid to minimize the high energy expenditure in processes such as flash floatation flotation.

Furthermore, the device according to the invention, in particular by its low energy requirement, can be used to reduce the density of the liquid, in particular of the water, in a riser by the density difference of the gas-liquid mixture in the riser and the liquid with a higher density outside the pipe so that the liquid in the riser is promoted with a lower energy consumption compared to membrane and ceramic Begasern.

Furthermore, the device according to the invention, in particular by its low energy requirement, interchanged for exchanging the liquid above the outlet element with the liquid in the vicinity of the outlet element, in particular by a density difference between a liquid column interspersed with gas or gas mixture and a gas-free or not with dissolved gases or gas mixtures Liquid column, to be put into use.

In addition, the device according to the invention, in particular due to its low energy requirement, for forming a bubble curtain, which is used as a barrier for the propagation of sound, are used.

In addition, the device according to the invention, in particular by their low energy requirements by permanently sliding small bubbles over permanently underwater surfaces and thereby acting friction of the plurality of small bubbles on the surfaces to prevent the formation of fouling or for the removal of existing vegetation for Use come.

According to a particular advantage, the device according to the invention for biodegradation of contaminants in liquids can be used efficiently and permanently.

In order to better capture or record the escape of gas bubbles from the outlet openings of the outlet elements and the path of the gas bubbles during subsequent ascent, for example, with high-speed cameras, the feet or the top or the feet of the cannulas and the self-supporting pinhole in the top of the pressure chamber and the fumigant tray and bottom tray are made of a translucent material, through which light of the same wavelength or wavelengths from the entire color spectrum from the pressure chamber either through all or selected feet and through the top or only through the top or only by all or radiates through selected feet or from the entire pressure chamber.

The device according to the invention is advantageously particularly suitable for eliminating the nitrogen energy-optimally in the biological sewage treatment plants. In the classical method, ammonium NH4 ammonia NH3 is oxidized by microorganisms to nitrite N03 by introduction of oxygen, which goes into solution in wastewater. This happens in a separate area of a reactor. In another part of the reactor, the oxygen of microorganisms is split off from the nitrite N03 and the elemental nitrogen N2 is formed. In this process of reduction of Nitrite N03 to Nitrogen N2, there must be no dissolved oxygen in the wastewater. By means of the device according to the invention, it is possible to introduce only so much oxygen with the atmospheric air into the reactor that this oxygen, immediately after it has gone into solution, is utilized by the microorganisms. Although there is still a small amount of dissolved oxygen in the wastewater, the microorganisms that reduce N03 to N2 are forced to recycle the oxygen bound to nitrite N03. In order to provide the supply of microorganisms in the reduction of nitrite N03 to nitrogen N2 sufficiently with wastewater ingredients, the wastewater is constantly mixed by agitator or circulating pump. With the device according to the invention, a gas is introduced into a liquid, at the same time by turbulence, the liquids are mixed. With the mixing of the wastewater by the entry of even small amounts of oxygen, the operation of agitators or circulation pumps for mixing is no longer required. At the same time, the considerable oxygen excess that is usual in the classical method of nitrogen elimination can be reduced in a reactor. The combined process of nitrification and denitrification leads to a lower required reaction space, since the two processes no longer have to run in different areas of a reactor and the energy input for mixing with agitators or circulating pumps can be avoided.

Gases and gas mixtures may be dry, partially or completely saturated. Furthermore, under high temperatures and high pressure, water may be in a gaseous state as vapor. The device according to the invention may advantageously be suitable for introducing gases and gas mixtures in their respective state of aggregation and saturation in liquids.

The device can be used both for the entry of gases and gas mixtures in liquids as well as for the entry of liquids in liquids, in which the pressure chamber is charged with a liquid or a fluid.

It is also possible to divide the pressure chamber into a plurality of segments, which are acted upon individually with gas or with a gas mixture and with a liquid or a fluid and can be mixed above the pressure chamber.

Further, the device can be used as a heat exchanger by the steam or a hot gas or a hot liquid from the pressure chamber through the cannula or hollow needle and / or through a exchange chamber in an overlying chamber is performed. In the exchanger chamber, a liquid or a gas, a gas mixture or a fluid can be guided in crossflow. The principle of the heat exchange can be realized by a plurality of small closely spaced hollow needles / cannulas in the context of the device according to the invention. The large number of needles creates a large surface area for heat transfer. Here are cannulas / hollow needles from 0.4 mm to 3.5 mm nominal width.

Another field of use of the device is the prevention of the growth of objects in the water with moss or algae. The constant sliding of gases or gas mixtures over the underwater surfaces of the objects prevents the growth or removes existing growth from the gas bubbles and no chemicals are required. sary. This also applies, among other things, to the membrane plants used in biological wastewater treatment. Due to the unnecessary constant fumigation of objects and surfaces - with the exception of the membrane plant - such a system can be supplied with solar power due to the low energy consumption.

In all described applications, the principle of the pressure chamber with the cannulas or pipe sections or channels used in the self-supporting surface applies in a solid state. This device can therefore be used for the introduction of gases, gas mixtures and liquids in gases, gas mixtures and in liquids and for passing gases, gas mixtures and liquids through exchange chamber with a maximum contact surface for heat transfer.

The object of the present invention is further solved by a method for introducing a gas, a gas mixture or a fluid into a liquid. The method according to the invention may be characterized by one of the following steps or by several of the following steps in any order. After the device according to the invention is introduced into a designated reactor or into a designated body of water, the pressure chamber of the device must first be emptied. For this, the present method may provide for emptying a pressure chamber by providing an overpressure in the pressure chamber with respect to the pressure in liquid outside the pressure chamber, in particular with the assistance of a dewatering pump or by a low pressure difference between the liquid level and the outlet of a dewatering line. In this case, the drainage line for discharging the liquid can be opened from the pressure chamber and closed again after the dewatering process. For supplying the gas or the gas mixture into the pressure chamber, a supply air line can be opened. A suitable pressure in the pressure chamber may be provided by way of example by means of a compressor or a specific pump. The characterizing step of the method of the invention may be defined by introducing a gas, gas mixture or fluid into the liquid through a plurality of gas or gas mixture outlet elements. As a result of the multiplicity of outlet elements, the volume flow of the gas, gas mixture or fluid introduced into the pressure chamber can be divided by the multiplicity of outlet elements into a number of volume flows corresponding to the number of outlet elements and, depending on the arrangement of the outlet openings of the outlet elements different above the outlet Pressure chamber to be distributed in the liquid.

In this case, the outlet elements can be arranged on a self-supporting pinhole of the pressure chamber, spaced from the Begaserwanne or bottom plate, such that the pressure chamber substantially free of any components such as static internals against external pressure, spacers between pinhole and Begaserwanne or closed bottom plate, baffles or further flow-guiding or flow-obstructing internals can be.

After the operation has ended, the supply air line can be closed. The method described can be carried out with the aid of the device according to the invention described above. By pressure between an interruption of service and the recommissioning of the a pressure of at least 1 mbar above the pressure of a gas, a gas mixture or a fluid, a penetration of liquid over the pressure chamber through the outlet elements into the pressure chamber can be avoided.

According to the invention, the features of the description of the device according to the invention and of the method according to the invention can be essential to the invention both individually and in the most diverse combinations. Further, measures improving the invention will be described in more detail below together with the description of the preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to FIGS. Show it:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention,

FIG. 2 a shows a side view of the device according to the invention,

FIG. 2b shows a top view of the device according to the invention,

FIG. 3 a shows a schematic representation of the device according to the invention in a discharge mode,

3b shows a schematic representation of the device according to the invention with a seal,

FIG. 4 a shows a first embodiment of an outlet element according to the invention,

FIG. 4b shows a second embodiment of the outlet element according to the invention,

FIG. 4c shows a third embodiment of the outlet element according to the invention,

FIG. 5a shows a fourth embodiment of the outlet element according to the invention,

FIG. 5b shows a fifth embodiment of the outlet element according to the invention,

FIG. 5c shows a top view of the outlet element according to the invention,

FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a monolithic body according to the invention,

FIG. 7a shows a further schematic representation of a monolithic invention

 body,

FIG. 7b shows a plan view of the monolithic body according to FIG. 7a,

FIG. 8 a shows a schematic side view of the mobile device,

FIG. 8b is a schematic representation of the mobile device according to FIG. 8a in FIG

Top view, Figure 9 shows a possible application of the mobile device, and

Figure 10 shows another possible use of the mobile device.

Figures 1, 2a and 2b and 6, 7a and 7b show a device according to the invention for introducing a gas, a gas mixture or a fluid into a liquid. The device comprises a pressure chamber 10, which has a self-supporting pinhole 1 1 and a Begaserwanne 12 and a bottom plate. In FIG. 1, there is also an air supply line 30 for supplying the gas, the gas mixture or the fluid into the pressure chamber 10 and a drainage line 20 for the supply of the gas Discharge of the liquid from the pressure chamber 10 is shown schematically. According to the invention, a plurality of outlet elements 40 for the gas, the gas mixture or fluid are provided, which are arranged on the self-supporting pinhole 1 1, spaced from the gasifier trough 12 and to the bottom plate. Advantageously, the pressure chamber 10 remains substantially free of outlet elements 40. This allows an undisturbed flow of the gas, the gas mixture or the fluid in the pressure chamber 10. As can be clearly seen in Figures 1 and 3a to 4c, the outlet elements 40 are in formed in the illustrated embodiment as cannulas 40. The cannulas 40 have a tube 41 and a foot 42. The pipe section 41 extends outwardly from the pressure chamber 10 and protrudes into the liquid. The foot 42 is located for the most part in the pressure chamber 10 and thereby spreads to an end which is directed inwardly into the pressure chamber 10. The pipe section 41 and the foot 42 can be made of two different materials, in particular made of stainless steel and elastic material or of uniform material. The 41 and the foot 42 thereby form a two-part component, which is designed either monolithic or composable. Alternatively, it is conceivable that outlet element 40 of the same material, in particular made of stainless steel, is formed. The outlet member 40 may have the pipe section 41 and the foot 42 or only the pipe section 41 made of stainless steel. As can be seen in FIG. 1, a liquid column 50 interspersed with gas or a gas mixture can form above the outlet element 40. According to the invention, the liquid above the outlet element 40 can be mixed with the liquid in the environment 51 of the outlet element 40 by a density difference between the liquid column 50 interspersed with gas or a gas mixture and the liquid column 51 interspersed with gas or gas mixtures. As an alternative to the self-supporting pinhole with the cannulas or pieces of pipe or hollow needles 40 inserted therein, a monolithic solid 1 1, preferably made of stainless steel, be made such that the inclination of the outlet opening 45 at an angle of 0 ° to 90 °, preferably 60 °, in the monolithic solid body 1 1 is lasered and in this case the lasered openings 12 have an inner diameter of 0.01 mm to 1, 0 mm (see Figures 6, 7a and 7b). The monolithic body 1 1 is like the self-supporting pinhole 1 1 mounted on the Begaserwanne 12, wherein between the monolithic solid body 1 1 with the lasered holes 14 and the Begaserwanne 12, an elastic seal 13 is inserted, which is pressed by screw 19.

As shown in FIGS. 2 a and 2 b, the pinhole 1 1 has a multiplicity of openings 14, which correspond to the plurality of outlet elements 40. The outlet elements 40 are there arranged in a form-fitting manner in the openings 14. According to the invention, the outlet element 40 by elastic deformation of the foot 42 a corresponding opening 14 of the pinhole 1 1 sealing complete. Alternatively, a filling compound for stabilizing the outlet elements 40, as shown in Figure 3b, between the pinhole 1 1 and the outlet elements 40 may be provided. The outlet elements 40 can be advantageously attached to the pinhole 1 1 by pressing and / or pressing and / or wrapping in a corresponding opening 14 of the pinhole 1 1. As shown in Figures 2a and 2b, the Begaserwanne 12 or a bottom plate and the pinhole 1 1 and the solid state 1 1 can be connected by screws, rivets or the like at the points with an elastic seal 13. For this purpose, a bore for screw 19 may be provided in the solid body 1 1 according to Figures 7a and 7b. Between the Begaserwanne 12 and the bottom plate and the self-supporting pinhole 1 1 may also be provided a seal to create an airtight pressure chamber 10.

Figures 3a and 3b show the device according to the invention in a self-emptying working mode. In this case, a slight overpressure can be created in the pressure chamber 10 in order to pump out the liquid which has penetrated into the pressure chamber 10 when the overpressure is set up and the dewatering pump 18 is put into operation. The overpressure can be created, for example, by a compressor or by pumping a gas through the supply air line 30, which can displace the infiltrated liquid from the pressure chamber 10 and discharge it via the drainage line 20. It is conceivable that the drainage line 20 can be flushed with a liquid for cleaning purposes to flush out fixed particles from the outlet elements 40. Advantageously, the entry of the gas, gas mixture or fluid can be controlled by individual outlet elements 40 by means of solenoid valves 16, wherein each outlet member 40 may be associated with a solenoid valve 16, as indicated schematically in Figure 3a. Furthermore, at least one or a plurality of lighting elements 17 may be provided in the pressure chamber 10 to illuminate the pressure chamber 10 and / or the liquid via the outlet elements 40, as shown schematically in FIG. 3b. In addition, it may be advantageous that the drainage conduit 20 may be used as a media conduit to guide at least one power cable 21, as shown in FIG. 3a. The power cable 21 may serve to power the solenoid valve 16 and / or the lighting element 17.

FIGS. 4a to 4c, 6 and 7a to 7b show three possible embodiments of the outlet element 40 according to the invention, which has a gas outlet region 43. According to the embodiment of FIG. 4 a, the gas outlet region 43 is formed by a convex, in accordance with FIG. 4 b by a concave and, according to FIG. 4 c and FIGS. 6, 7 a and 7 b, by a smooth inclination 44 or a smooth cut 44. The inclination 44 or the ground 44 can determine the shape and size of the exiting gas bubbles. Suitable geometric shapes of the gas exit region 43 or the inclination 44 may also influence the repulsive force with which the bubbles leave the gas outlet region 43. In part, the slope 44 can determine the trajectory and velocity of the exiting gas bubbles and their residence time in the liquid. According to the invention it can be provided that the outlet element or the outlet elements 40 according to the embodiment of Figure 4c has a gas outlet region 43 with the slope 44, which have an inclination of 0 ° to 89 °, in particular 60 ° degrees to a horizontal plane parallel extends to the top of the pressure chamber 10. The tion 44 may affect the exit direction of the bubbles. Advantageously, the gas bubbles can emerge in a direction defined by the inclination 44 and initially not directly follow the bubbles, which have previously exited from the gas outlet region 43. Only when they have moved for a while in a defined direction approximately horizontally away from the outlet member 40, the bubbles can be directed by the buoyancy force upwards. According to the invention, coalescence can be avoided if the bubbles themselves do not coalesce by collision and grow no larger glass bubbles that rise faster than desired in the liquid. As can be seen in FIGS. 6, 7a and 7b, instead of a single free-standing tube with a slope 44 at the upper gas outlet region 43, a channel inserted into a monolithic solid with an inclination 44 at the upper gas outlet region 43 can be provided between 0 ° and 89 ° which can function in the same way as a cannula 40 as an outlet element 40.

According to the embodiments of FIGS. 5a and 5b, the outlet element 40 has a gas outlet region 43, which is designed in the form of a bore 45 according to FIG. 5b or in the form of a slot 45 according to FIG. 5a, which is located at the upper end of the outlet element 40 on the tube 41 near the Gas outlet area 43 are provided. The lateral slot 45 or the lateral bore 45 or a lateral laser 45 can serve to determine the exit direction of the gas bubbles analogous to the embodiments of Figures 4a to 4c. The gas bubbles can emerge horizontally from the slot 45 or from the bore 45 or a lateral laser 45 and initially spread perpendicular to the ascent or nearly parallel to the horizontal of the previously leaked bubbles. The time at which the bubbles can rise to the top can thus be shifted to avoid coalescence of the bubbles. FIG. 5 c shows a plan view of the outlet element 40 according to the invention, which can be designed in the form of a cannula and which, viewed from above, has a round cross section. The outlet member 40 is according to the invention formed with an outer diameter of 0.01 mm to 1, 0 mm in order to achieve a suitable size of the bubbles, wherein the inner diameter of the outlet member 40 may be in a range of 0.01 mm to 1, 0 mm , Furthermore, it is conceivable that the outlet element 40 can be designed with an outer diameter between 0.2 mm and 2.0 mm.

Advantageously, the device shown in Figures 1 to 5c can be installed easily and inexpensively at different locations and in different waters. It can be used for introducing a gas or a gas mixture, for establishing a concentration of a gas or a gas mixture in reactors filled with liquids, in particular with water, in natural or in artificial waters. Further, the apparatus of the invention may be installed in a riser filled with water to reduce the density of the water in the conduit and to convey the water in the conduit. In addition, the device can be used for mixing liquids, ie for exchanging the liquid above the outlet element 40 with the liquid in the environment 51 of the outlet element 40, in particular by a density difference between a gas column or gas mixture permeated liquid column 50 and a gas-free or dissolved gases or gas mixtures permeated liquid column 51. The device according to the invention can form a bubble curtain 50, which can be used as a barrier to the propagation of sound. Finally, but not exhaustive, the list of possible uses of the invention Device, it can be used for biodegradation of contaminants, for example in swimming pools, reservoirs or natural and artificial waters, for the mechanical purification of water introduced objects of all kinds and in particular of process plants in membrane plants and in the basin for growing shrimp and other seafood or Fish and in the food industry for the purification of raw materials.

It should be obvious to one skilled in the art that the invention is not limited in its execution to the preferred embodiments given above. Rather, a number of variants is conceivable, which makes use of the illustrated solution even with fundamentally different types of use. By way of example, in addition to the embodiments of the outlet element 40 of FIGS. 4a to 5b, further shapes and geometries 44 of the gas outlet region 43 can be used. In particular, in the embodiment of Figure 4c, it is conceivable to vary the inclination of the gas outlet region 43 in order to achieve a certain outlet direction, exit velocity and thus the residence time of the gas bubbles in the liquid. This applies in particular to more compact designs of Begasern with closed floor panel and internal screw 19 or inner rivets according to 2a and 2b. This is especially true for all geometric shapes according to Section 5c such as a square, rectangle simultaneous and isosceles triangles, rhombuses, diamonds, polygons, ellipses and other geometric and non-geometric shapes.

The device 1 according to the invention can also be operated on a mobile basis, as shown in FIGS. 8a, 8b, 9 and 10, in order to improve the method according to the invention of introducing the gas into a liquid. In this case, the distribution of the gas within the liquid with continuous introduction of the gas or gas mixture can be optimized by moving the device 1 in the body of water, wherein the gas bubbles are advantageously distributed evenly in the water body. For this purpose, the device according to the invention is attached to an at least two-axis chassis 60, which is moved on the side edges of the reactor by means of guide or guide elements 61. The chassis 60 can be continuously moved both on the edge of a round basin as shown in FIG. 10 and of a round, square or elongated reactor as shown in FIG. On the edge of a longitudinal basin of FIG. 9, a turntable 62 can be provided in order to change the direction of movement of the device 1. In this case, the device 1 according to the invention can be guided in one position directly above the pelvic floor and in another position above the pelvic floor or in several positions over the pelvic floor.

All of the device and method claims, the description or the drawings resulting features and / or advantages, including design details, spatial arrangements and method steps may be essential to the invention both in itself and in various combinations, in particular based on Figures 1 to 5c , Bezu q szeenste device pressure chamber

pinhole

Begaserwanne or bottom plate

elastic seal

openings

Fill mass for stabilizing the outlet elements of the solenoid valve

lighting element

drainage pump

Bore for screw connection drainage pipe / media line

Power cable Supply air outlet, cannula

Pipe or hollow needle or channel

foot

Gas outlet area

Tilt

Opening / bore / slot bubble column

Environment of the outlet element 40 chassis

Guiding or guiding elements

turntable

Claims

P a n t a n s p r e c h e Device (1) for introducing a gas, a gas mixture or a fluid into a liquid, comprising a pressure chamber (10), a self-supporting pinhole (11) or a monolithic solid (11), which or an upper side of the pressure chamber (10 ), a Begiererwanne (12), which forms a bottom of the pressure chamber (10), a Zuluftleitung (30) for supplying the gas or the gas mixture in the pressure chamber (10), a drainage line (20) for discharging the liquid from the pressure chamber (10), and a plurality of outlet elements (40) for the gas, gas mixture or fluid, at the pinhole (1 1) or in the monolithic solid (1 1), spaced from the Begiererwanne (12), are arranged such that the Pressure chamber (10) is substantially free of outlet elements (40). Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized, in that the outlet element (40) is designed as a cannula, a hollow needle (40) on the perforated diaphragm (11) or as a channel (40) in the monolithic solid (11). Device (1) according to claim 2, characterized, in that the outlet member (40) comprises a tube piece (41) and a foot (42) which propagates to an end directed inwardly into the pressure chamber (10). Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, in that the outlet element (40) is formed in two parts, in particular that the tube piece (41) is made of stainless steel and the foot (42) is formed of an elastic material. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, the outlet element (40) is formed of the same material, in particular of stainless steel. 6. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized,  in that the perforated diaphragm (11) has a multiplicity of openings (14) which correspond to the multiplicity of the outlet elements (40), and in that the outlet elements (40) are arranged in a form-fitting manner in the openings (40). 7. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized,  that the outlet element (40) by elastic deformation, in particular of the foot (42), a corresponding opening (14) of the pinhole (1 1) sealingly closes. 8. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized,  in that an elastic seal (13) is provided between the pinhole (11) and the gasifier trough (12). 9. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized,  in that a filling compound for stabilizing the cannulas (15) is provided between the perforated diaphragm (11) and the outlet elements (40), which is introduced with optimum weight. 10. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized,  in that the outlet element (40) is fastened to the perforated panel (11) by pressing in and / or pressing into a corresponding opening (14) in the perforated panel (11). 1 1. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized,  in that the outlet element (40) has a gas outlet region (43) which is formed by a convex, a concave, a smooth cut (44) or the like. 12. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized,  in that the outlet element (40) has a gas outlet region (43) with a ground joint (44) which has an inclination of 0 ° to 89 °, in particular 60 °, to a horizontal plane parallel to the upper side of the pressure chamber (10). 13. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized, in that the outlet element (40) has a gas outlet region (43) which has at least one opening (45), which is designed in particular in the form of a slot (45), a rectangular opening (45), a bore (45) or the like. 14. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized,  in that the outlet element (40) has an outer diameter of 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm, preferably 0.4 mm, wherein in particular the inner diameter of the outlet element (40) 0.01 mm to 1, 0 mm, preferably 0.2 mm 0.4 mm. 15. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized,  that the pressure chamber (10) during construction of a high pressure in the pressure chamber (10) with the assistance of a drainage pump (18) can be emptied or at a small height difference between liquid level and exit height of the drainage line (20), which corresponds to the starting point of the dewatering pump (18) , is self-draining with sufficient overpressure. 16. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized,  in that the perforated diaphragm (11) or the monolithic solid body (11) and the aerator trough (12) are connected to one another by screwing (19). 17. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized,  a metering pump is provided to assist an intended concentration of the gas, gas mixture or fluid. 18. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized,  in that at least one or a plurality of solenoid valves (16) is associated with at least one or a plurality of outlet elements (40) in order to control the entry of the gas, gas mixture or fluid. 19. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized,  in that at least one or a plurality of lighting elements (17) is provided in the pressure chamber (10). 20. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized,  in that the drainage line (20) serves as a media line in order, in particular, to guide at least one power cable (21). 21. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims,  characterized, a compressor is provided to achieve a desired pressure of the gas or gas mixture in the pressure chamber (10). 22. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, for mobile use for introducing a gas, a gas mixture or fluid in liquid, in particular water, filled reactors, in natural or in artificial waters, in particular by means of a chassis (60) corresponding guide or guide elements (61) on the device (1). 23. System with a device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, for mobile use for introducing a gas, a gas mixture or fluid in liquid, in particular water, filled reactors, in natural or in artificial waters, with a chassis (60 ) and corresponding guide or guide elements (61) on the device (1) for moving the device (1) on the chassis (60). 24. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, for introducing a gas, a gas mixture or fluid in liquid, in particular water, filled reactors, in natural or in artificial waters. 25. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, for establishing a concentration of gases, gas mixtures or fluids in liquid, in particular water, filled reactors, in natural or in artificial waters or for increasing the already existing concentration of gases or gas mixtures , 26. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, for reducing the density of the liquid, in particular of the water, in a riser, such that due to the density difference of the gas-liquid mixture in the riser and the liquid with a higher density outside the riser, the liquid is conveyed in the line. 27. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, for exchanging the liquid above the outlet element (40) with the liquid in the environment (51) of the outlet element (40), in particular by a difference in density between a liquid column (50) interspersed with gas or gas mixture ) and a gas-free liquid column (51) permeated with dissolved gases or gas mixtures. 28. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, for forming a bubble curtain (50), which can be used as a barrier for the propagation of sound. 29. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, for the biological degradation of contaminants. 30. A method for introducing a gas, a gas mixture or a fluid into a liquid, comprising the following steps: - Emptying a pressure chamber (10) by creating an overpressure in the pressure chamber (10) with respect to the pressure in the liquid outside the pressure chamber (10), in particular with the assistance of a drainage pump (18) or by a low pressure difference between the liquid level and the outlet opening Drainage line (20), which corresponds to the starting point of the drainage pump (18) ,, Opening the drainage line (20) for discharging the liquid from the pressure chamber (10), Closing the drainage line (20), Opening an air supply line (30) for supplying the gas or the gas mixture into the pressure chamber (10), Setting a suitable pressure in the pressure chamber (10), - Introducing a gas, a gas mixture or fluids into the liquid by a plurality of outlet elements (40) for the gas or gas mixture, at a pinhole (1 1) or in a monolithic solid (1 1) of the pressure chamber (10) spaced from Begiererwanne (12) are arranged such that the pressure chamber (10) is substantially free of outlet elements (40) and - Close the supply air line (30). 31. A method for the controlled introduction of gases, gas mixtures or fluids into a liquid by means of a device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 29.