WO2014040152A1 - Thermo-mechanical drilling method - Google Patents
Thermo-mechanical drilling method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014040152A1 WO2014040152A1 PCT/BR2013/000294 BR2013000294W WO2014040152A1 WO 2014040152 A1 WO2014040152 A1 WO 2014040152A1 BR 2013000294 W BR2013000294 W BR 2013000294W WO 2014040152 A1 WO2014040152 A1 WO 2014040152A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plasma
- plasma jet
- rock
- mechanical thermal
- drilling process
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
- E21B7/146—Thermal lances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/48—Generating plasma using an arc
- H05H1/50—Generating plasma using an arc and using applied magnetic fields, e.g. for focusing or rotating the arc
Definitions
- thermomechanical process employing suitable equipment, plasma torch, to perform various drilling, such as for oil wells, or to drill and drill industrial holes.
- Plasma torches have been used for various industrial processes in the areas of metallurgy, steel, environment and materials mainly. These plasma torches are of two different types: transferred arc and non-transferred arc. The difference between these torches is that in the first type an electric arc, which heats the gas and generates the plasma, is held between the cathode and anode, electrodes located inside the torch. In the second type, the electric arc is held between a torch electrode, typically the cathode, and a material to be processed, for example ferroalloys, placed inside an oven, which material functions in this way as the anode.
- a torch electrode typically the cathode
- a material to be processed for example ferroalloys
- An untransferred arc plasma torch generates a plasma jet that reaches temperatures of over 10,000 ° C, and different types of gases can be used, such as air, argon, nitrogen, oxygen, helium, and others, depending on need.
- gases such as air, argon, nitrogen, oxygen, helium, and others, depending on need.
- drilling wells is one of the most difficult and costly stages of oil exploration, especially when it involves large depths, rock formations of varying hardness, uneven terrain and other features.
- the most common technique for drilling is the use of special rotary drills, placing special mud to help with the friction of the drill and rocks and to avoid damage to the drilled channel; This mud is not only expensive but also slows down the drilling speed.
- thermo-mechanical process performed with the proper equipment, plasma torch, to perform rock drilling, aiming at its use in petroleum exploration processes and other industrial applications. require drilling of blocks, walls, stones, furnaces and similar applications.
- Bore diameter is a function of plasma torch operating parameters, including gas flow, gas supply pressure at the plasma torch, torch current and voltage.
- the drilling process thus described herein consists of the removal of material of thermal (continuous melting of the rock surface) and mechanical (material removal by plasma jet pressure) material. Continued operation of the plasma torch will result in rock drilling, the main object of the present invention.
- auxiliary gas forming one or more pulses or similar jets, pulsating or continuous, passing inside or outside the torch, and directed in the region being heated by the plasma jet to increasing the amount and speed of plasma jet liquefied material removal;
- auxiliary jets even cold but at high pressures, assist in the removal of molten material from the cavity.
- the high performance plasma torch to be used in this invention will generate high temperature and pressure plasma jets; This plasma jet will then be used to partially fuse rocks located in front of the jet, and this partially molten material is continuously removed from the cavity by the plasma jet itself and whether or not it has auxiliary air jets or other gases that assist in the removal of molten material.
- thermo-mechanical drilling process using non-transferred arc plasma torches could in principle be used continuously for drilling without the need for drill replacement stops, as in the traditional drilling process.
- thermo-mechanical drilling process utilizing a high performance non-transfer arc plasma torch that generates high-performance plasma jets Temperature and pressure, whether or not they have auxiliary jets, is innovative and will allow the following advantages over traditional drilling processes, especially drill bits: i) faster; ii) no equipment wear; iii) possibility of drilling any type of rock; iv) flexibility of operation; v) lower costs; vi) no need to add sludge or other lubricating materials, resulting in significantly less environmental impact.
- Figure 1 represents a rock being pierced by a non-transferred arc plasma torch, which generates high temperature and pressure plasma jets to perform rock drilling. and similar materials.
- Figure 2 represents the same conditions as those described in Figure 1, with the difference of auxiliary jet injection.
- the rock drilling process is carried out with a plasma torch 1 containing a cathode 2, preferably made of copper; anode 3, preferably made of copper containing a geometry, as in the example, for high pressure generation of the plasma jet; a chamber 4 for injection of plasma gas, preferably air; coils 5 to rotate electric arc 6 and decrease electrode erosion.
- the surface 7 of rock 8 is heated to temperatures sufficient for melting, and molten material 9 is expelled from the rock by the high pressure of plasma jet 10, resulting in this operation a hole 11 in the rock.
- the rock drilling process is carried out with a plasma torch 1 which contains a cathode 2, preferably made of copper; anode 3, preferably made of copper containing a geometry, as in the example, for high pressure generation of the plasma jet; a chamber 4 for injection of plasma gas, preferably air; coils 5 to rotate electric arc 6 and decrease electrode erosion.
- the surface 7 of rock 8 is heated to temperatures sufficient for melting, and molten material 9 is expelled from the rock by the high pressure of plasma jet 10, resulting in this operation a hole 11 in the rock. Jets 12 external to the plasma torch assist in removing material from the cavity.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Description
"Processo Termo Mecânico Para Perfuração" "Mechanical Term Process For Drilling"
Refere-se o presente relatório a um processo termo mecânico, empregando um equipamento adequado, tocha de plasma, para executar perfurações diversas, como para poços de petróleo, ou realizar furos e perfurações industriais. This report refers to a thermomechanical process employing suitable equipment, plasma torch, to perform various drilling, such as for oil wells, or to drill and drill industrial holes.
Tochas de plasma tem sido utilizadas para diversos processos industriais, nas áreas de metalurgia, siderurgia, meio ambiente e materiais principalmente. Essas tochas de plasma são de dois tipos diferentes: de arco transferido e de arco não transferido. A diferença entre essas tochas é que no primeiro tipo um arco elétrico, que aquece o gás e gera o plasma, é mantido entre o cátodo e o ânodo, eletrodos estes localizados dentro da tocha. No segundo tipo, o arco elétrico é mantido entre um eletrodo da tocha, tipicamente o cátodo, e um material que se quer processar, por exemplo, ferro ligas, colocado dentro de um forno, material esse que funciona desta forma como o ânodo. Inúmeras geometrias de tochas de plasma existem; maiores detalhes de tochas de plasma podem ser vistas, por exemplo, em Eschenbach, R.C., Barcza, N.A., Reid, K.J., Plasma Technology Metallurgical Proceedings, Ed. J. Feinman, 1987. Plasma torches have been used for various industrial processes in the areas of metallurgy, steel, environment and materials mainly. These plasma torches are of two different types: transferred arc and non-transferred arc. The difference between these torches is that in the first type an electric arc, which heats the gas and generates the plasma, is held between the cathode and anode, electrodes located inside the torch. In the second type, the electric arc is held between a torch electrode, typically the cathode, and a material to be processed, for example ferroalloys, placed inside an oven, which material functions in this way as the anode. Numerous plasma torch geometries exist; Further details of plasma torches can be seen, for example, in Eschenbach, R.C., Barcza, N.A., Reid, K.J., Plasma Technology Metallurgical Proceedings, Ed. J. Feinman, 1987.
Uma tocha de plasma de arco não transferido, gera um jato de plasma que alcança temperaturas de mais de 10.000 °C, podendo ser utilizados diferentes tipos de gases, como ar, argônio, nitrogénio, oxigénio, hélio, e outros, dependendo da necessidade. Por outros lado, a perfuração de poços é uma das etapas mais difíceis e custosas da exploração de petróleo, especialmente quando envolve grandes profundidades, formações rochosas com diferentes durezas, terrenos irregulares e outras características. A técnica mais usual para perfuração consiste no uso de brocas especiais rotativas, colocando-se lama especial para ajudar quanto ao atrito da broca e rochas e evitar danos no canal perfurado; essa lama além de custosa, também diminui a velocidade de perfuração. An untransferred arc plasma torch generates a plasma jet that reaches temperatures of over 10,000 ° C, and different types of gases can be used, such as air, argon, nitrogen, oxygen, helium, and others, depending on need. On the other hand, drilling wells is one of the most difficult and costly stages of oil exploration, especially when it involves large depths, rock formations of varying hardness, uneven terrain and other features. The most common technique for drilling is the use of special rotary drills, placing special mud to help with the friction of the drill and rocks and to avoid damage to the drilled channel; This mud is not only expensive but also slows down the drilling speed.
Alternativas tecnológicas para a técnica usual de perfuração estão sendo estudadas em vários lugares no mundo inteiro; entre essas alternativas incluem-se: térmicas, hidráulicas, fusão e vaporização, meios químicos e jatos de alta pressão, incluindo técnicas como arco elétrico, laser, plasma, ultrasom e outros. Technological alternatives to the usual drilling technique are being studied in various places around the world; These alternatives include thermal, hydraulic, fusion and vaporization, chemical media and high pressure jets, including techniques such as electric arc, laser, plasma, ultrasound and others.
É um dos objetivos da presente invenção prover um inovador processo termo- mecânico, realizado com o devido equipamento, tocha de plasma, para efetuar a perfuração de rochas, visando-se a utilização do mesmo em processos de exploração de petróleo e outras aplicações industriais que necessitem de perfuração de blocos, paredes, pedras, fornos e aplicações semelhantes. It is an object of the present invention to provide an innovative thermo-mechanical process, performed with the proper equipment, plasma torch, to perform rock drilling, aiming at its use in petroleum exploration processes and other industrial applications. require drilling of blocks, walls, stones, furnaces and similar applications.
Esse e outros objetivos e vantagens da presente invenção são alcançados por um processo que utiliza um equipamento que consiste em uma tocha de plasma de arco não transferido, onde a pressão e temperatura do jato de plasma gerado na tocha são utilizadas para realizar a perfuração de rochas. Devido as altas temperaturas do jato de plasma, de cerca de 10.000 °C, a superfície de rochas para onde o jato de plasma é direcionado, é liquefeita; o jato de plasma, possuindo uma alta pressão, de pelo menos de 0.1 atm/cm2 e preferencialmente, acima de 1 atm/cm2, obtida pela geometria e condições de operação da tocha de plasma de arco não transferido, expulsa da cavidade sendo feita na rocha o material liquefeito, resultando-se dessa operação uma remoção termo-mecânica do material da rocha. O diâmetro do furo é função dos parâmetros operacionais da tocha de plasma, incluindo vazão do gás, pressão de alimentação do gás na tocha de plasma, corrente e voltagem da tocha. O processo de perfuração desta forma sendo aqui descrito consiste na remoção de material de forma térmica (fusão contínua da superfície da rocha) e mecânica (remoção do material fundido pela pressão do jato de plasma). A operação continuada da tocha de plasmas ocasionará uma perfuração da rocha, objetivo principal da presente invenção. This and other objects and advantages of the present invention are achieved by a process utilizing equipment consisting of a non-transferred arc plasma torch, where the pressure and temperature of the torch generated plasma jet are used to perform rock drilling. . Due to the high plasma jet temperatures of about 10,000 ° C, the rock surface to which the plasma jet is directed is liquefied; the plasma jet having a high pressure of at least 0.1 atm / cm 2 and preferably above 1 atm / cm 2 obtained by the geometry and operating conditions of the non-transferred arc plasma torch is expelled from the cavity being the liquefied material is made in the rock, resulting from this operation a thermo-mechanical removal of the material from the rock. Bore diameter is a function of plasma torch operating parameters, including gas flow, gas supply pressure at the plasma torch, torch current and voltage. The drilling process thus described herein consists of the removal of material of thermal (continuous melting of the rock surface) and mechanical (material removal by plasma jet pressure) material. Continued operation of the plasma torch will result in rock drilling, the main object of the present invention.
É possível imaginar-se um fluxo de ar ou outro tipo de gás auxiliar, formando um ou mais jatos ou similares a esses, pulsantes ou contínuos, passando por dentro ou fora da tocha, e direcionados na região sendo aquecida pelo jato de plasma, para aumentar a quantidade e velocidade de remoção de material liquefeito pelo jato de plasma; esses jatos auxiliares, mesmo frios, mas com grandes pressões, auxiliam na remoção de material fundido da cavidade. It is possible to imagine an air flow or other type of auxiliary gas, forming one or more pulses or similar jets, pulsating or continuous, passing inside or outside the torch, and directed in the region being heated by the plasma jet to increasing the amount and speed of plasma jet liquefied material removal; These auxiliary jets, even cold but at high pressures, assist in the removal of molten material from the cavity.
Desta forma, a tocha de plasma a ser utilizada nesta invenção, de alta performance, gerará jatos de plasmas de altas temperaturas e pressões; esse jato de plasma será então utilizado para efetuar a fusão parcial de rochas localizadas na frente do jato, sendo esse material parcialmente fundido removido continuamente, da cavidade sendo feita, pelo próprio jato de plasma e tendo ou não jatos auxiliares de ar ou outro tipo de gás que auxiliam na remoção de material fundido. Thus, the high performance plasma torch to be used in this invention will generate high temperature and pressure plasma jets; This plasma jet will then be used to partially fuse rocks located in front of the jet, and this partially molten material is continuously removed from the cavity by the plasma jet itself and whether or not it has auxiliary air jets or other gases that assist in the removal of molten material.
Esse processo de perfuração termo-mecânico, utilizando tochas de plasma de arco não transferido, em princípio poderia ser utilizado continuamente para perfuração, sem a necessidade de paradas para substituição de brocas, por exemplo, como ocorre no processo de perfuração tradicional. This thermo-mechanical drilling process using non-transferred arc plasma torches could in principle be used continuously for drilling without the need for drill replacement stops, as in the traditional drilling process.
Esse processo de perfuração termo-mecânico, utilizando uma tocha de plasma de arco não transferido de alta performance, que gera jatos de plasma de alta temperatura e pressão, tendo ou não jatos auxiliares, é inovador e permitirá as seguintes vantagens em relação aos processos tradicionais de perfuração, principalmente brocas perfuradoras: i) maior rapidez; ii) sem desgaste do equipamento; iii) possibilidade de se perfurar qualquer tipo de rocha; iv) flexibilidade de operação; v) custos menores; vi) sem necessidade de adicionar lamas ou outros materiais para lubrificação, resultando em significativamente menor impacto ambiental. This thermo-mechanical drilling process utilizing a high performance non-transfer arc plasma torch that generates high-performance plasma jets Temperature and pressure, whether or not they have auxiliary jets, is innovative and will allow the following advantages over traditional drilling processes, especially drill bits: i) faster; ii) no equipment wear; iii) possibility of drilling any type of rock; iv) flexibility of operation; v) lower costs; vi) no need to add sludge or other lubricating materials, resulting in significantly less environmental impact.
A seguir a presente invenção será descrita com referência aos desenhos anexos, no qual a Figura 1 representa uma rocha sendo perfurada por uma tocha de plasma de arco não transferido, que gera jatos de plasma de alta temperatura e pressão, para realizar a perfuração de rochas e materiais semelhantes. A Figura 2 representa as mesmas condições que as descritas na Figura 1, com a diferença da injeção de jatos auxiliares. In the following the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 represents a rock being pierced by a non-transferred arc plasma torch, which generates high temperature and pressure plasma jets to perform rock drilling. and similar materials. Figure 2 represents the same conditions as those described in Figure 1, with the difference of auxiliary jet injection.
De acordo com a Figura 1, que apresenta uma realização preferida, não limitativa, o processo de perfuração de rochas é levado a efeito com uma tocha de plasma 1 que contem um cátodo 2, feito preferencialmente de cobre; um ânodo 3, feito preferencialmente de cobre contendo uma geometria, como no exemplo, para geração de alta pressão do jato de plasma; uma câmara 4 para injeção do gás de plasma, preferencialmente ar; bobinas 5 para efetuar a rotação do arco elétrico 6 e diminuir a erosão dos eletrodos. A superfície 7 da rocha 8 é aquecida a temperaturas suficientes para a sua fusão, sendo material fundido 9 expulso da rocha pela alta pressão do jato de plasma 10, resultando dessa operação um furo 11 na rocha. According to Figure 1, which has a preferred non-limiting embodiment, the rock drilling process is carried out with a plasma torch 1 containing a cathode 2, preferably made of copper; anode 3, preferably made of copper containing a geometry, as in the example, for high pressure generation of the plasma jet; a chamber 4 for injection of plasma gas, preferably air; coils 5 to rotate electric arc 6 and decrease electrode erosion. The surface 7 of rock 8 is heated to temperatures sufficient for melting, and molten material 9 is expelled from the rock by the high pressure of plasma jet 10, resulting in this operation a hole 11 in the rock.
De acordo com a Figura 2, que apresenta uma realização preferida, não limitativa, o processo de perfuração de rochas é levado a efeito com uma tocha de plasma 1 que contem um cátodo 2, feito preferencialmente de cobre; um ânodo 3, feito preferencialmente de cobre contendo uma geometria, como no exemplo, para geração de alta pressão do jato de plasma uma câmara 4 para injeção do gás de plasma, preferencialmente ar; bobinas 5 para efetuar a rotação do arco elétrico 6 e diminuir a erosão dos eletrodos. A superfície 7 da rocha 8 é aquecida a temperaturas suficientes para a sua fusão, sendo material fundido 9 expulso da rocha pela alta pressão do jato de plasma 10, resultando dessa operação um furo 11 na rocha. Jatos 12 externos à tocha de plasma auxiliam na remoção de material da cavidade. According to Figure 2, which presents a preferred non-limiting embodiment, the rock drilling process is carried out with a plasma torch 1 which contains a cathode 2, preferably made of copper; anode 3, preferably made of copper containing a geometry, as in the example, for high pressure generation of the plasma jet; a chamber 4 for injection of plasma gas, preferably air; coils 5 to rotate electric arc 6 and decrease electrode erosion. The surface 7 of rock 8 is heated to temperatures sufficient for melting, and molten material 9 is expelled from the rock by the high pressure of plasma jet 10, resulting in this operation a hole 11 in the rock. Jets 12 external to the plasma torch assist in removing material from the cavity.
Evidentemente a invenção não está restrita a esta forma de utilização, naturalmente são imagináveis inúmeras outras formas de realização, por exemplo mediante o uso de equipamentos com função semelhante, que estão incluídas no escopo da proteção requerida pelas reivindicações. Of course the invention is not restricted to this use, of course numerous other embodiments are conceivable, for example by the use of similar function equipment which is within the scope of the protection required by the claims.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BRBR1020120231794 | 2012-09-14 | ||
| BRBR102012023179-4A BR102012023179A2 (en) | 2012-09-14 | 2012-09-14 | MECHANICAL TERMINAL PROCESS FOR DRILLING |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2014040152A1 true WO2014040152A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
Family
ID=50277431
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/BR2013/000294 Ceased WO2014040152A1 (en) | 2012-09-14 | 2013-08-08 | Thermo-mechanical drilling method |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BR (1) | BR102012023179A2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014040152A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015173049A3 (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2016-04-28 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Method for introducing a borehole |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1276243B (en) * | 1966-11-05 | 1968-08-29 | Siemens Ag | Plasma torch |
| US3467206A (en) * | 1967-07-07 | 1969-09-16 | Gulf Research Development Co | Plasma drilling |
| GB1268843A (en) * | 1969-07-04 | 1972-03-29 | British Railways Board | Improvements relating to plasma-torch apparatus |
| EP0017201A1 (en) * | 1979-04-04 | 1980-10-15 | DEUTSCHE FORSCHUNGSANSTALT FÜR LUFT- UND RAUMFAHRT e.V. | Direct current plasma torch |
| US5298714A (en) * | 1992-12-01 | 1994-03-29 | Hydro-Quebec | Plasma torch for the treatment of gases and/or particles and for the deposition of particles onto a substrate |
| US5500501A (en) * | 1991-12-12 | 1996-03-19 | Kvaerner Engineering A.S. | Torch device for chemical processes |
-
2012
- 2012-09-14 BR BRBR102012023179-4A patent/BR102012023179A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2013
- 2013-08-08 WO PCT/BR2013/000294 patent/WO2014040152A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1276243B (en) * | 1966-11-05 | 1968-08-29 | Siemens Ag | Plasma torch |
| US3467206A (en) * | 1967-07-07 | 1969-09-16 | Gulf Research Development Co | Plasma drilling |
| GB1268843A (en) * | 1969-07-04 | 1972-03-29 | British Railways Board | Improvements relating to plasma-torch apparatus |
| EP0017201A1 (en) * | 1979-04-04 | 1980-10-15 | DEUTSCHE FORSCHUNGSANSTALT FÜR LUFT- UND RAUMFAHRT e.V. | Direct current plasma torch |
| US5500501A (en) * | 1991-12-12 | 1996-03-19 | Kvaerner Engineering A.S. | Torch device for chemical processes |
| US5298714A (en) * | 1992-12-01 | 1994-03-29 | Hydro-Quebec | Plasma torch for the treatment of gases and/or particles and for the deposition of particles onto a substrate |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015173049A3 (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2016-04-28 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Method for introducing a borehole |
| JP2017516006A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2017-06-15 | ティッセンクルップ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | How to make a borehole |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR102012023179A2 (en) | 2014-11-11 |
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