Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W72/00—Local resource management
  • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
  • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
  • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
  • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
  • H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
  • H04W28/18—Negotiating wireless communication parameters
  • H04W28/22—Negotiating communication rate
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
  • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
  • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

• aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communication systems, and more particularly, to an apparatus and method for improving wireless communication system capacity and reducing power consumption by enabling early packet stream decoding.
• Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, and so on.
• Such networks which are usually multiple access networks, support communications for multiple users by sharing the available network resources.
• UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
• the UTRAN is the radio access network (RAN) defined as a part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a third generation (3G) mobile phone technology supported by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
• UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
• 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
• the UMTS which is the successor to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technologies, currently supports various air interface standards, such as Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access (TD-CDMA), and Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD- SCDMA).
• W-CDMA Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access
• TD-CDMA Time Division-Code Division Multiple Access
• TD- SCDMA Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
• the UMTS also supports enhanced 3G data communications protocols, such as High Speed Packet Access (HSDPA), which provides higher data transfer speeds and capacity to associated UMTS networks.
• HSDPA High Speed Packet Access
• TTIs are often decoded by a receiver prior to reception of the entire packet for each packet TTI. Due to the early decoding of the packet, the receiver subsystems may be able to be powered down from the time of successful early packet decoding leading both to efficient packet transmission for the transmitter and increased power consumption savings for the receiver subsystem. However, since multiple packets with a plurality of different TTIs may be transmitted simultaneously, and in the absence of a transport format combination information (TFCI), the receiver may not know how many packets were transmitted at a given TTI.
• TFCI transport format combination information
• aspects of this apparatus and method include enabling early packet stream decoding in the presence of multiple simultaneous packet streams, thereby reducing power consumption and improving system capacity in a wireless communication system.
• a method of reducing power consumption and improving system capacity in a wireless communication system includes receiving a plurality of data packets, wherein the plurality of data packets includes one or more indication bits for each of the plurality of data packets, and wherein the one or more indication bits embedded in each of the plurality data packets includes information about additional transport channels. Further, the method includes early decoding of the plurality of data packets. Additionally, the method includes retrieving the one or more indication bits from one or more of the plurality of data packets which have been successfully early decoded. Still further, the method includes determining an existence of additional transport channels based on the one or more indication bits.
• an apparatus of reducing power consumption and improving system capacity in a wireless communication system includes a processor configured to receive a plurality of data packets, wherein the plurality of data packets includes one or more indication bits for each of the plurality of data packets, and wherein the one or more indication bits embedded in each of the plurality data packets includes information about additional transport channels. Further, the processor is configured to early decode of the plurality of data packets. Additionally, the processor is configured to retrieve the one or more indication bits from one or more of the plurality of data packets which have been successfully early decoded. Still further, the processor is configured to determine an existence of additional transport channels based on the one or more indication bits.
• an apparatus of reducing power consumption and improving system capacity in a wireless communication system includes means for receiving a plurality of data packets, wherein the plurality of data packets includes one or more indication bits for each of the plurality of data packets, and wherein the one or more indication bits embedded in each of the plurality data packets includes information about additional transport channels. Further, the apparatus includes means for early decoding of the plurality of data packets. Additionally, the apparatus includes means for retrieving the one or more indication bits from one or more of the plurality of data packets which have been successfully early decoded. Still further, the apparatus includes means for determining an existence of additional transport channels based on the one or more indication bits.
• a computer-readable media that may include machine- executable code for reducing power consumption and improving system capacity in a wireless communication system
• the code may be executable for early decoding of the plurality of data packets.
• the code may be executable for retrieving the one or more indication bits from one or more of the plurality of data packets which have been successfully early decoded.
• the code may be executable for determining an existence of additional transport channels based on the one or more indication bits.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example wireless system of aspects of the present disclosure
• FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary aspect of call processing in a wireless communication system
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary aspect of downlink processing in a wireless communication system
• FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method for call processing in a wireless communication system
• FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating additional example components of an aspect of a computer device having a call processing component according to the present disclosure
• FIG. 6 is a component diagram illustrating aspects of a logical grouping of electrical components as contemplated by the present disclosure
• FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus employing a processing system to perform the functions described herein;
• FIG. 8 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a telecommunications system including a user equipment (UE) configured to perform the functions described herein;
• UE user equipment
• FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of an access network for use with a UE configured to perform the functions described herein;
• FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a radio protocol architecture for the user and control planes for a base station and/or a UE configured to perform the functions described herein;
• FIG. 11 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a Node B in communication with a UE in a telecommunications system configured to perform the functions described herein.
• 80ms are often decoded by a receiver prior to reception of the entire packet for each packet TTI. Substantial system capacity gains are possible when the transmitter stops the packet transmission as soon as the transmitter is made aware that the receiver has succeeded in decoding the packet early. Additionally, due to the early decoding of the packet, the receiver subsystems may be able to be powered down from the time of successful early packet decoding until the end of the packet transmission duration. This leads both to efficient packet transmission for the transmitter and increased power consumption savings for the receiver subsystem.
• TTIs are simultaneously transmitted. For example, R99 voice calls that involve traffic packets sent on a Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH), as well as occasional control packets sent on a Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH).
• DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel
• DCCH Dedicated Control Channel
• the receiver may not know how many packets were transmitted at a given TTI.
• the receiver upon successful early decoding of some packets (e.g DTCH), the receiver must decide whether the decode failure on the other packets is due to incomplete packet reception or because those packets were not transmitted in the first place. Otherwise, there is a risk that the receiver will shut off prematurely, preventing the ability to receive and decode packets containing critical signalling radio bearer information located on the DCCH or the DTCH. This can result in multiple re-transmissions of transmission packets on the DCCH or the DTCH, potentially leading to dropped calls.
• such a decision on successful early decoding of some packets where the receiver must decide whether the decode failure on the other packets is due to incomplete packet reception or because those packets were not transmitted in the first place also includes updating the sustained information rate (SIR) target for outer-loop power control such that the SIR target may be increased if a data packet was transmitted but failed to be decoded. Note, this increase is unnecessary if in fact no packet was transmitted.
• SIR sustained information rate
• the information on exactly which set of packets is transmitted at each packet TTI may already be separately available to the receiver.
• this information could be encoded in the TFCI.
• the TFCI is not always transmitted, since the receiver may be expected to perform blind transport format detection.
• Aspects of the present apparatus and method may be described as a means of conveying these information bits or a subset of them as part of the transmitted packets instead of on a separate channel (such as the TFCI channel) with possibly different encoding. As described earlier, this is useful in enabling early decoding gains, both for receiver power consumption and system capacity.
• this apparatus and method may also be used to increase the reliability of the blind transport format detection and the cycle redundancy check (CRC).
• CRC cycle redundancy check
• a receiving component may be configured as to be informed of the presence of multiple simultaneous packet transmissions or data packets, by adding bits to the transmitted packets which indicate this presence. The reliability of these bits is ensured by adding them only to the packets that are protected by a CRC field. On successful decoding of such packets, the receiver would then read the additional bits to determine which additional packets, if any, need to be decoded.
• Alternative approaches involve detecting the presence of other packets by measuring the received energy within the channel resources that would have been used to transmit the other packets if they were present.
• aspects of this apparatus and method include enabling early packet stream decoding in the presence of multiple simultaneous packet streams.
• a wireless communication system 10 is configured to facilitate transmitting vast amount of data from a mobile device to a network at a fast data transfer rate.
• Wireless communication system 10 includes at least one UE 12 that may communicate wirelessly with one or more network system 13, 15, or 17 via serving nodes, including, but not limited to, wireless serving node 14, 16, or 18, via one or more wireless link 21, 25, or 29, respectively.
• the one or more wireless link 21, 25, or 29 may include, but are not limited to, signaling radio bearers and/or data radio bearers.
• Wireless serving node 16 may be configured to transmit one or more signals 23 to UE 12 over the one or more wireless link 25, and/or UE 12 may transmit one or more signals 24 to wireless serving node 16.
• signal 23 and signal 24 may include, but are not limited to, one or more messages, such as transmitting a data packet, also known as data packet transmissions, from the UE 12 to the network via wireless serving node 16.
• UE 12 may include a call processing component 40, which may be configured to transmit a data packet to the wireless serving node 16 over wireless link 25.
• call processing component 40 of UE 12 may be configured for receiving a plurality of data packet transmissions, early decoding of the plurality of data packet transmissions, retrieving the one or more indication bits from one or more of the plurality data packet transmissions, and determining an existence of additional transport channels.
• the operation of call processing component 40 of UE 12 may be capable improving wireless communication system capacity and reducing power consumption by enabling early packet stream decoding.
• UE 12 may comprise a mobile apparatus and may be referred to as such throughout the present disclosure.
• a mobile apparatus or UE 12 may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a terminal, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.
• the one or more wireless nodes may include one or more of any type of network component, such as an access point, including a BS or node B, a relay, a peer-to-peer device, an authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) server, a mobile switching center (MSC), a radio network controller (RNC), etc.
• the one or more wireless serving nodes of wireless communication system 10 may include one or more small base stations, such as, but not limited to a femtocell, picocell, microcell, or any other small base station.
• wireless communication system 10 is configured to include wireless communications between network 15 and UE 12.
• the wireless communications system may be configured to support communications between a number of users, and Fig. 2 illustrates a manner in wireless serving node 16, located in network 15, communicates with UE 12.
• the wireless communication system 10 can be configured for downlink message transmission or uplink message transmission over wireless link 25, as represented by the up/down arrows between network 15 and UE 12.
• UE 12 may also be configured for downlink message transmission or uplink message transmission to network system 13 and 17 over wireless link 21 and 29, respectively.
• network 15 may be configured to add one or more indication bits to a data packet transmission, encoding the data packet transmission, and transmit a data packet to UE 12.
• network 15 may be configured to add indication bit 65 to data packet 63, encode data packet 63, and transmit data packet 63 to the UE 12 via wireless serving node 16 over wireless link 25.
• Network 15 in another aspect, may be configured to include an indication bit adding component 62 capable of adding an indication bit 65 to a data packet 63 for transmission to the UE 12 via wireless serving node 16 over wireless link 25.
• the indication bit may include information associated with additional transport channels.
• network 15 may be configured to include an encoding component
• the encoding component 64 capable of encoding the data packet 63 for transmission. It should be noted that since the indication bit 65 has been added to the data packet 63 before encoding, the indication bit 65 is protected by the same error protection mechanisms as the data packet 63. In other words, the encoding component 64 does not encode the data packet 63 separate from the indication bit 65 but encodes them together under the same error protections mechanisms, such as a CRC field.
• the network 15 may be configured to include an transmitting component 66 capable of transmitting the encoded data packet to the UE 12.
• the network 15 may be configured to include a transmitting (Tx) component 66 capable of transmitting an encoded data packet 63, which includes the indication bit 65, to the UE 12 via wireless serving node 16 over wireless link 25.
• Tx transmitting
• network 15 may be configured to include equivalents of the components residing in UE 12, described below.
• UE 12 may be configured to receive a plurality of data packet transmissions, early decode the plurality of data packet transmissions, retrieve an indication bit from one or more of the plurality of data packet transmissions, and determine the existence of additional transport channels.
• UE 12 may be configured to receive data packet 51 from the network 15 via wireless serving node 16 over wireless link 20, early decode the data packet 51, retrieve an indication bit 52 embedded in data packet 51, and determine the existence of additional transport channels based on the transport channel information 53 found in the retrieved indication bit 52.
• the call processing component 40 may be configured, among other things, to include receiving (Rx) component 41 capable of receiving data packet 51, or a plurality of data packets 51 from network 15. It should be noted that data packet 51 may be embedded with indication bit 52, which in turn contains transport channel information 53 that may include information about additional transport channels being concurrently received.
• Rx receiving
• indication bit 52 which in turn contains transport channel information 53 that may include information about additional transport channels being concurrently received.
• the data packet 51 may be associated with information that is required to be sent to the network 15 via wireless serving node 16 over wireless link 25, which may include packet data transmitted as bytes, characters, or bits, as well as pay load data, user data, control information, etc.
• receiving component 41 may be configured to receive data packet 51, which includes indication bit 52 that may be received at UE 12 from the wireless serving node 16 on a channel over wireless link 25.
• the call processing component 40 may also be configured to include early decoding component 43 capable of early decoding of the received plurality of data packets.
• early decoding component 43 may be configured for early decoding of the data packets 51 received at UE 12 from network 15 via wireless serving node 16 over wireless link 25.
• the call processing component 40 may also be configured to include a retrieving component 45 capable of retrieving the indication bit from one or more of the plurality of data packet transmissions which have been successfully early decoded.
• the retrieved indication bit may indicate the exact set of data packets that are being received and may indicate the presence or absence of the other type of data packets.
• retrieving component 45 may be configured for retrieving the indication bit 52 embedded in data packet 51 that has been successfully early decoded.
• the call processing component 40 may also be configured to include the transport channel determining component 47 capable of determining an existence of additional transport channels based on the indication bit.
• the transport channel determining component 47 may be configured for determining the existence of additional transport channels based on the transport channel information 53 contained in the indication bit 52 received at UE 12 from the wireless serving node 16 over wireless link 25.
• the decoding engine may be powered down until the start of the next received packet following successful early decoding. Additionally, the SIR-target may be increased, for outer-loop power control adjustment, corresponding to data packets that have failed to early decode and if the indication bit 52 indicates that those data packets had been transmitted.
• UE 12 may include receiving component 41, early decoding component 43, retrieving component 45, transport channel determining component 47 configured, for example, to carry out method(s) associated with those components, such as those discussed herein. Additional explanation of the operation of these various components will be provided below.
• the components (also referred to herein as modules and/or means) of Fig. 2 may be, for example, hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes/algorithm, software components implemented by a processor configured to perform the stated processes/algorithm, and/or software components stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination.
• FIG. 3 an example system 30 is displayed illustrating an aspect of downlink processing for wireless communications between network 15 and UE 12.
• the AMR transport block continuously transmits DTCH, which may carry one of three different packet types, called Full, SID or Null packets (block 31). However, since the DCCH is transmitted occasionally, which may carry control information.
• the DCCH usually uses a longer TTI duration and thus takes longer to decode than the DTCH.
• a single bit indicating presence or absence of the DCCH can be appended to the DTCH packet, so that a receiver has this information as soon as it successfully decodes the DTCH.
• a single bit indicator may be appended to the DTCH packet, letting the receiver instantly know of control information carried on the DCCH, as represented by block DCCH presence indicator bit insertion block (block 32).
• the 'Full' packet sent on DTCH consists of 3 separately encoded packets (called class A, B, and C), of which only one (the class-A packet) is protected by a CRC field, and therefore may be able to be early decoded.
• the DCCH presence indicator bit is only appended to the "Full" class-A packet such that the CRC field attachment is configured to protect the DCCH presence indicator bit, as represented by CRC attachment block (block 33).
• the DCCH presence indicator bit may not appended to the "Full" class-B and C packets, since those packets are not protected by a CRC field.
• the downlink processing of the transmission block concatenation/ code block segmentation block (block 34) and the cannel coding block (block 35) is performed.
• network 15 may be configured add a DCCH presence indication bit 65 to the data packets 63, encode the "Full" data packet 63, where the class A data packets are sent on DTCH, and transmit to UE 12 the "Full" data packet 63, which contains information about the DCCH.
• Fig. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating an exemplary method 70.
• method 70 may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 12 of Fig. 2), and may be performed by a processor or other component capable of executing computer-executable instructions for performing the steps of Fig. 5.
• method 70 may include a UE with a call processing component 40 that may be configured for receiving a plurality of data packet transmissions, early decoding of the plurality of data packet transmissions, retrieving the indication bit from one or more of the plurality data packet transmissions, and determining an existence of additional transport channels.
• the UE is configured to receive a plurality of data packet transmissions.
• receiving component 41 residing in the call processing component 40 of UE 12, may be configured to execute instructions for receiving data packet 51, which includes indication bit 52 that may be received at UE 12 from the wireless serving node 16 over wireless link 25.
• the UE is configured to early decode of the plurality of data packet transmissions.
• early decoding component 43 residing in call processing component 40 of UE 12, may be configured to execute instructions for early decoding of the data packets 51 received at UE 12 from network 15 via wireless serving node 16 over wireless link 25.
• the UE is configured to retrieve the indication bit from one or more of the plurality of data packet transmissions which have been successfully early decoded.
• retrieving component 45 residing in call processing component 40 of UE 12, may be configured to execute instructions for retrieving the indication bit 52 embedded in data packet 51 that has been successfully early decoded
• the UE is configured to determine an existence of additional transport channels based on the indication bit.
• transport channel determining component 47 residing in call processing component 40 of UE 12, may be configured to execute instructions for determining the existence of additional transport channels based on the transport channel information 53 contained in the indication bit 52 embedded on data packet 51 received at UE 12 from the wireless serving node 16 over wireless link 25.
• the executing method 50 may be UE 12 or network 15
• FIG. 1 executing the call processing component 40 (Fig. 1), or respective components thereof.
• aspects of this apparatus and method enable early packet stream decoding in the presence of multiple simultaneous packet streams for improving wireless communication system capacity and power consumption.
• Computer device 80 may include one or more components for computing and receiving a data packet 51 from a wireless serving node 16 to a UE 12, such as in specially programmed computer readable instructions or code, firmware, hardware, or some combination thereof.
• Computer device 80 includes a processor 82 for carrying out processing functions associated with one or more of components and functions described herein.
• Processor 82 can include a single or multiple set of processors or multi-core processors.
• processor 82 can be implemented as an integrated processing system and/or a distributed processing system.
• Computer device 80 further includes a memory 84, such as for storing data used herein and/or local versions of applications being executed by processor 82.
• Memory 84 can include any type of memory usable by a computer, such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), tapes, magnetic discs, optical discs, volatile memory, non- volatile memory, and any combination thereof.
• computer device 80 includes a communications component 87 that provides for establishing and maintaining communications with one or more parties utilizing hardware, software, and services as described herein.
• Communications component 87 may carry communications between components on computer device 80, as well as between computer device 80 and external devices, such as devices located across a communications network and/or devices serially or locally connected to computer device 80.
• communications component 87 may include one or more buses, and may further include transmit chain components and receive chain components associated with a transmitter and receiver, respectively, or a transceiver, operable for interfacing with external devices.
• a receiver of communications component 87 operates to receive one or more data packet 51 from a wireless serving node 16, which may be a part of memory 84.
• a receiver of communications component 87 operates to receive data packet 51 at UE 12 from network 15 via a wireless serving node 16 over wireless link 25.
• computer device 80 may further include a data store 88, which can be any suitable combination of hardware and/or software, that provides for mass storage of information, databases, and programs employed in connection with aspects described herein.
• data store 88 may be a data repository for applications not currently being executed by processor 82.
• Computer device 80 may additionally include a user interface component 89 operable to receive inputs from a user of computer device 80, and further operable to generate outputs for presentation to the user.
• User interface component 89 may include one or more input devices, including but not limited to a keyboard, a number pad, a mouse, a touch-sensitive display, a navigation key, a function key, a microphone, a voice recognition component, any other mechanism capable of receiving an input from a user, or any combination thereof.
• user interface component 89 may include one or more output devices, including but not limited to a display, a speaker, a haptic feedback mechanism, a printer, any other mechanism capable of presenting an output to a user, or any combination thereof.
• computer device 80 may include, or may be in communication with, call processing component 40, which may be configured to perform the functions described herein.
• system 90 is displayed for transmitting vast amount of data from a mobile device to a network.
• system 90 can reside at least partially within UE 12 of Figs. 1 and 2.
• system 90 is represented as including functional blocks, which can be functional blocks that represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (e.g., firmware).
• system 90 may be implemented via processor 82, memory 84, communications component 87, and data store 88 of Fig. 5, by for example, processor 82 executing software stored by memory 84 and/or data store 88.
• Example system 90 includes a logical grouping 91 of electrical components that can act in conjunction.
• logical grouping 91 can include an electrical component 92 for receiving a plurality of data packet transmissions.
• electrical component 92 may include receiving component 41 (Fig. 2).
• logical grouping 91 can include an electrical component 93 for early decoding of the plurality of data packet transmissions.
• electrical component 93 may include early decoding component 43 (Fig. 2).
• Logical grouping 91 can include an electrical component 94 for retrieving the indication bit from one or more of the plurality of data packet transmissions.
• electrical component 94 may include retrieving component 45 (Fig. 2).
• Logical grouping 91 can include an electrical component 95 for determining an existence of additional transport channels.
• electrical component 94 may include transport channel determining component 47 (Fig. 2).
• Electrical components 92-95 may correspond to one or more components in Fig.
• system 90 can include a memory 98 that retains instructions for executing functions associated with the electrical components 92-95, stores data used or obtained by the electrical components 92-95, etc. While shown as being external to memory 98, it is to be understood that one or more of the electrical components 92-95 can exist within memory 98.
• electrical components 92-95 can comprise at least one processor, or each electrical component 92-95 can be a corresponding module of at least one processor.
• electrical components 92-95 can be a computer program product including a computer readable medium, where each electrical component 92-95 can be corresponding code.
• Fig. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 100 employing a processing system 114 for transmitting vast amount of data from a mobile device to a network.
• Apparatus 100 may be configured to include, for example, UE 12 (Fig. 2) and/or call processing component 40 (Fig. 2) implementing the components as described above, such as, but not limited to the receiving component 41, early decoding component 43, retrieving component 45, and transport channel determining component 47 .
• the processing system 114 may be implemented with a bus architecture, represented generally by the bus 102.
• the bus 102 may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the processing system 114 and the overall design constraints.
• the bus 102 links together various circuits including one or more processors, represented generally by the processor 104, and computer-readable media, represented generally by the computer-readable medium 106.
• the bus 102 may also link various other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further.
• a bus interface 108 provides an interface between the bus 102 and a transceiver 110.
• the transceiver 110 provides a means for communicating with various other apparatus over a transmission medium.
• a user interface 112 e.g., keypad, display, speaker, microphone, joystick
• the processor 104 is responsible for managing the bus 102 and general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium 106.
• the software when executed by the processor 104, causes the processing system 114 to perform the various functions described infra for any particular apparatus.
• the computer-readable medium 106 may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor 104 when executing software.
• processor 104 may be configured or otherwise specially programmed to perform the functionality of the call processing component 40, the receiving component 41 , early decoding component 43, retrieving component 45, and transport channel determining component 47 (Fig. 2) as described herein.
• a UMTS network includes three interacting domains: a Core Network (CN) 204, a UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 202, and User Equipment (UE) 210.
• UE 210 may be configured to include, for example, the call processing component 40, the receiving component 41 , early decoding component 43, retrieving component 45, and transport channel determining component 47 (Fig. 2) as described above.
• the UTRAN 202 provides various wireless services including telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, and/or other services.
• the UTRAN 202 may include a plurality of Radio Network Subsystems (RNSs) such as an RNS 207, each controlled by a respective Radio Network Controller (RNC) such as an RNC 206.
• RNSs Radio Network Subsystems
• the UTRAN 202 may include any number of RNCs 206 and RNSs 207 in addition to the RNCs 206 and RNSs 207 illustrated herein.
• the RNC 206 is an apparatus responsible for, among other things, assigning, reconfiguring and releasing radio resources within the RNS 207.
• the RNC 206 may be interconnected to other RNCs (not shown) in the UTRAN 202 through various types of interfaces such as a direct physical connection, a virtual network, or the like, using any suitable transport network.
• Communication between a UE 210 and a Node B 208 may be considered as including a physical (PHY) layer and a medium access control (MAC) layer. Further, communication between a UE 210 and an RNC 206 by way of a respective Node B 208 may be considered as including a radio resource control (RRC) layer.
• RRC radio resource control
• the PHY layer may be considered layer 1; the MAC layer may be considered layer 2; and the RRC layer may be considered layer 3.
• Information hereinbelow utilizes terminology introduced in the RRC Protocol Specification, 3GPP TS 25.331, incorporated herein by reference.
• the geographic region covered by the RNS 207 may be divided into a number of cells, with a radio transceiver apparatus serving each cell.
• a radio transceiver apparatus is commonly referred to as a Node B in UMTS applications, but may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base station (BS), a base transceiver station (BTS), a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), an access point (AP), or some other suitable terminology.
• BS basic service set
• ESS extended service set
• AP access point
• three Node Bs 208 are shown in each RNS 207; however, the RNSs 207 may include any number of wireless Node Bs.
• the Node Bs 208 provide wireless access points to a CN 204 for any number of mobile apparatuses.
• a mobile apparatus include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a notebook, a netbook, a smartbook, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system (GPS) device, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, television, computing device, entertainment device, or any other similar functioning device.
• SIP session initiation protocol
• PDA personal digital assistant
• GPS global positioning system
• multimedia device e.g., a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, television, computing device, entertainment device, or any other similar functioning device.
• MP3 player digital audio player
• the UE 210 is commonly referred to as a UE in UMTS applications, but may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a terminal, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.
• the UE 210 may further include a universal subscriber identity module (USIM) 211, which contains a user's subscription information to a network.
• USIM universal subscriber identity module
• one UE 210 is shown in communication with a number of the Node Bs 208.
• the DL also called the forward link, refers to the communication link from a Node B 208 to a UE 210
• the UL also called the reverse link, refers to the communication link from a UE 210 to a Node B 208.
• the CN 204 interfaces with one or more access networks, such as the UTRAN
• the CN 204 is a GSM core network.
• the various concepts presented throughout this disclosure may be implemented in a RAN, or other suitable access network, to provide UEs with access to types of CNs other than GSM networks.
• the CN 204 includes a circuit-switched (CS) domain and a packet-switched
• PS Packet- switched elements
• MSC Mobile services Switching Centre
• VLR Visitor location register
• GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
• EIR, HLR, VLR and AuC may be shared by both of the circuit-switched and packet- switched domains.
• the CN 204 supports circuit-switched services with a MSC 212 and a GMSC 214.
• the GMSC 214 may be referred to as a media gateway (MGW).
• MGW media gateway
• One or more RNCs, such as the RNC 206, may be connected to the MSC 212.
• the MSC 212 is an apparatus that controls call setup, call routing, and UE mobility functions.
• the MSC 212 also includes a VLR that contains subscriber-related information for the duration that a UE is in the coverage area of the MSC 212.
• the GMSC 214 provides a gateway through the MSC 212 for the UE to access a circuit- switched network 216.
• the GMSC 214 includes a home location register (HLR) 215 containing subscriber data, such as the data reflecting the details of the services to which a particular user has subscribed.
• the HLR is also associated with an authentication center (AuC) that contains subscriber-specific authentication data.
• AuC authentication center
• the CN 204 also supports packet-data services with a serving GPRS support node (SGSN) 218 and a gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) 220.
• GPRS which stands for General Packet Radio Service, is designed to provide packet-data services at speeds higher than those available with standard circuit- switched data services.
• the GGSN 220 provides a connection for the UTRAN 202 to a packet-based network 222.
• the packet-based network 222 may be the Internet, a private data network, or some other suitable packet-based network.
• the primary function of the GGSN 220 is to provide the UEs 210 with packet-based network connectivity. Data packets may be transferred between the GGSN 220 and the UEs 210 through the SGSN 218, which performs primarily the same functions in the packet-based domain as the MSC 212 performs in the circuit- switched domain.
• An air interface for UMTS may utilize a spread spectrum Direct-Sequence Code
• DS-CDMA Division Multiple Access
• the spread spectrum DS-CDMA spreads user data through multiplication by a sequence of pseudorandom bits called chips.
• the "wideband" W-CDMA air interface for UMTS is based on such direct sequence spread spectrum technology and additionally calls for a frequency division duplexing (FDD).
• FDD uses a different carrier frequency for the UL and DL between a Node B 208 and a UE 210.
• TDD time division duplexing
• An HSPA air interface includes a series of enhancements to the 3G/W-CDMA air interface, facilitating greater throughput and reduced latency.
• HSPA utilizes hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), shared channel transmission, and adaptive modulation and coding.
• HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
• the standards that define HSPA include HSDPA (high speed downlink packet access) and HSUPA (high speed uplink packet access, also referred to as enhanced uplink, or EUL).
• HSDPA utilizes as its transport channel the high-speed downlink shared channel
• the HS-DSCH is implemented by three physical channels: the high-speed physical downlink shared channel (HS-PDSCH), the high-speed shared control channel (HS-SCCH), and the high-speed dedicated physical control channel (HS-DPCCH).
• HS-PDSCH high-speed physical downlink shared channel
• HS-SCCH high-speed shared control channel
• HS-DPCCH high-speed dedicated physical control channel
• the HS-DPCCH carries the HARQ
• HS-DPCCH further includes feedback signaling from the UE 210 to assist the node B 208 in taking the right decision in terms of modulation and coding scheme and precoding weight selection, this feedback signaling including the CQI and PCI.
• HSPA Evolved or HSPA+ is an evolution of the HSPA standard that includes
• the node B 208 and/or the UE 210 may have multiple antennas supporting MIMO technology.
• MIMO technology enables the node B 208 to exploit the spatial domain to support spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and transmit diversity.
• MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
• MIMO systems generally enhance data transmission performance, enabling diversity gains to reduce multipath fading and increase transmission quality, and spatial multiplexing gains to increase data throughput.
• Spatial multiplexing may be used to transmit different streams of data simultaneously on the same frequency.
• the data steams may be transmitted to a single UE 210 to increase the data rate, or to multiple UEs 210 to increase the overall system capacity. This is achieved by spatially precoding each data stream and then transmitting each spatially precoded stream through a different transmit antenna on the downlink.
• the spatially precoded data streams arrive at the UE(s) 210 with different spatial signatures, which enables each of the UE(s) 210 to recover the one or more the data streams destined for that UE 210.
• each UE 210 may transmit one or more spatially precoded data streams, which enables the node B 208 to identify the source of each spatially precoded data stream.
• Spatial multiplexing may be used when channel conditions are good. When channel conditions are less favorable, beamforming may be used to focus the transmission energy in one or more directions, or to improve transmission based on characteristics of the channel. This may be achieved by spatially precoding a data stream for transmission through multiple antennas. To achieve good coverage at the edges of the cell, a single stream beamforming transmission may be used in combination with transmit diversity.
• n transport blocks may be transmitted simultaneously over the same carrier utilizing the same channelization code. Note that the different transport blocks sent over the n transmit antennas may have the same or different modulation and coding schemes from one another.
• Single Input Multiple Output generally refers to a system utilizing a single transmit antenna (a single input to the channel) and multiple receive antennas (multiple outputs from the channel).
• a single transport block is sent over the respective carrier.
• the multiple access wireless communication system includes multiple cellular regions (cells), including cells 302, 304, and 306, each of which may include one or more sectors.
• the multiple sectors can be formed by groups of antennas with each antenna responsible for communication with UEs in a portion of the cell. For example, in cell 302, antenna groups 312, 314, and 316 may each correspond to a different sector.
• antenna groups 318, 320, and 322 each correspond to a different sector.
• antenna groups 324, 326, and 328 each correspond to a different sector.
• the cells 302, 304 and 306 may include several wireless communication devices, e.g., User Equipment or UEs, which may be in communication with one or more sectors of each cell 302, 304 or 306.
• UEs 330 and 332 may be in communication with Node B 342
• UEs 334 and 336 may be in communication with Node B 344
• UEs 338 and 340 can be in communication with Node B 346.
• each Node B 342, 344, 346 is configured to provide an access point to a CN 204 (see Fig. 8) for all the UEs 330, 332, 334, 336, 338, 340 in the respective cells 302, 304, and 306.
• Node Bs 342, 344, 346 and UEs 330, 332, 334, 336, 338, 340 respectively may be configured to include, for example, the call processing component 40, the receiving component 41, early decoding component 43, retrieving component 45, and transport channel determining component 47 (Fig. 2) as described above.
• a serving cell change (SCC) or handover may occur in which communication with the UE 334 transitions from the cell 304, which may be referred to as the source cell, to cell 306, which may be referred to as the target cell.
• Management of the handover procedure may take place at the UE 334, at the Node Bs corresponding to the respective cells, at a radio network controller 206 (see Fig. 8), or at another suitable node in the wireless network.
• the UE 334 may monitor various parameters of the source cell 304 as well as various parameters of neighboring cells such as cells 306 and 302.
• the UE 334 may maintain communication with one or more of the neighboring cells. During this time, the UE 334 may maintain an Active Set, that is, a list of cells that the UE 334 is simultaneously connected to (i.e., the UTRA cells that are currently assigning a downlink dedicated physical channel DPCH or fractional downlink dedicated physical channel F-DPCH to the UE 334 may constitute the Active Set).
• an Active Set that is, a list of cells that the UE 334 is simultaneously connected to (i.e., the UTRA cells that are currently assigning a downlink dedicated physical channel DPCH or fractional downlink dedicated physical channel F-DPCH to the UE 334 may constitute the Active Set).
• the standard may vary depending on the particular telecommunications standard being deployed.
• the standard may include Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO) or Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB).
• EV-DO and UMB are air interface standards promulgated by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) as part of the CDMA2000 family of standards and employs CDMA to provide broadband Internet access to mobile stations.
• 3GPP2 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2
• the standard may alternately be Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) employing Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) and other variants of CDMA, such as TD-SCDMA; Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) employing TDMA; and Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, and Flash-OFDM employing OFDMA.
• UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE Advanced, and GSM are described in documents from the 3 GPP organization.
• CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from the 3GPP2 organization.
• the actual wireless communication standard and the multiple access technology employed will depend on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the system.
• the radio protocol architecture may take on various forms depending on the particular application.
• An example for an HSPA system will now be presented with reference to Fig. 10.
• Fig. 10 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of the radio protocol architecture 400 for the user plane 402 and the control plane 404 of a user equipment (UE) or node B/base station.
• architecture 400 may be included in a network entity and/or UE such as an entity within network 15 and/or UE 12 (Fig. 2).
• the radio protocol architecture 400 for the UE and node B is shown with three layers: Layer 1 406, Layer 2 408, and Layer 3 410.
• Layer 1 406 is the lowest lower and implements various physical layer signal processing functions. As such, Layer 1 406 includes the physical layer 407.
• Layer 2 (L2 layer) 408 is above the physical layer 407 and is responsible for the link between the UE and node B over the physical layer 407.
• Layer 3 (L3 layer) 410 includes a radio resource control (RRC) sublayer 415.
• the RRC sublayer 415 handles the control plane signaling of Layer 3 between the UE and the UTRAN.
• the L2 layer 408 includes a media access control (MAC) sublayer 409, a radio link control (RLC) sublayer 411, and a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) 413 sublayer, which are terminated at the node B on the network side.
• MAC media access control
• RLC radio link control
• PDCP packet data convergence protocol
• the UE may have several upper layers above the L2 layer 408 including a network layer (e.g., IP layer) that is terminated at a PDN gateway on the network side, and an application layer that is terminated at the other end of the connection (e.g., far end UE, server, etc.).
• IP layer e.g., IP layer
• the PDCP sublayer 413 provides multiplexing between different radio bearers and logical channels.
• the PDCP sublayer 413 also provides header compression for upper layer data packets to reduce radio transmission overhead, security by ciphering the data packets, and handover support for UEs between node Bs.
• the RLC sublayer 411 provides segmentation and reassembly of upper layer data packets, retransmission of lost data packets, and reordering of data packets to compensate for out-of-order reception due to hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ).
• HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
• the MAC sublayer 409 provides multiplexing between logical and transport channels.
• the MAC sublayer 409 is also responsible for allocating the various radio resources (e.g., resource blocks) in one cell among the UEs.
• the MAC sublayer 409 is also responsible for HARQ operations.
• Fig. 11 is a block diagram of a communication system 500 including a Node B 510 in communication with a UE 550, where Node B 510 may be an entity within network 15 and the UE 550 may be UE 12 according to the aspect described in Fig. 2.
• a transmit processor 520 may receive data from a data source 512 and control signals from a controller/processor 540. The transmit processor 520 provides various signal processing functions for the data and control signals, as well as reference signals (e.g., pilot signals).
• the transmit processor 520 may provide cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes for error detection, coding and interleaving to facilitate forward error correction (FEC), mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M- quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM), and the like), spreading with orthogonal variable spreading factors (OVSF), and multiplying with scrambling codes to produce a series of symbols.
• BPSK binary phase-shift keying
• QPSK quadrature phase-shift keying
• M-PSK M-phase-shift keying
• M-QAM M- quadrature amplitude modulation
• OVSF orthogonal variable spreading factors
• channel estimates may be derived from a reference signal transmitted by the UE 550 or from feedback from the UE 550.
• the symbols generated by the transmit processor 520 are provided to a transmit frame processor 530 to create a frame structure.
• the transmit frame processor 530 creates this frame structure by multiplexing the symbols with information from the controller/processor 540, resulting in a series of frames.
• the frames are then provided to a transmitter 532, which provides various signal conditioning functions including amplifying, filtering, and modulating the frames onto a carrier for downlink transmission over the wireless medium through antenna 534.
• the antenna 534 may include one or more antennas, for example, including beam steering bidirectional adaptive antenna arrays or other similar beam technologies.
• a receiver 554 receives the downlink transmission through an antenna 552 and processes the transmission to recover the information modulated onto the carrier.
• the information recovered by the receiver 554 is provided to a receive frame processor 560, which parses each frame, and provides information from the frames to a channel processor 594 and the data, control, and reference signals to a receive processor 570.
• the receive processor 570 then performs the inverse of the processing performed by the transmit processor 520 in the Node B 510. More specifically, the receive processor 570 descrambles and despreads the symbols, and then determines the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the Node B 510 based on the modulation scheme. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by the channel processor 594.
• the soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data, control, and reference signals.
• the CRC codes are then checked to determine whether the frames were successfully decoded.
• the data carried by the successfully decoded frames will then be provided to a data sink 572, which represents applications running in the UE 550 and/or various user interfaces (e.g., display).
• Control signals carried by successfully decoded frames will be provided to a controller/processor 590.
• the controller/processor 590 may also use an acknowledgement (ACK) and/or negative acknowledgement (NACK) protocol to support retransmission requests for those frames.
• ACK acknowledgement
• NACK negative acknowledgement
• a transmit processor 580 receives data from a data source 578 and control signals from the controller/processor 590 and provides various signal processing functions including CRC codes, coding and interleaving to facilitate FEC, mapping to signal constellations, spreading with OVSFs, and scrambling to produce a series of symbols.
• Channel estimates may be used to select the appropriate coding, modulation, spreading, and/or scrambling schemes.
• the symbols produced by the transmit processor 580 will be provided to a transmit frame processor 582 to create a frame structure.
• the transmit frame processor 582 creates this frame structure by multiplexing the symbols with information from the controller/processor 590, resulting in a series of frames.
• the frames are then provided to a transmitter 556, which provides various signal conditioning functions including amplification, filtering, and modulating the frames onto a carrier for uplink transmission over the wireless medium through the antenna 552.
• the uplink transmission is processed at the Node B 510 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 550.
• a receiver 535 receives the uplink transmission through the antenna 534 and processes the transmission to recover the information modulated onto the carrier.
• the information recovered by the receiver 535 is provided to a receive frame processor 536, which parses each frame, and provides information from the frames to the channel processor 544 and the data, control, and reference signals to a receive processor 538.
• the receive processor 538 performs the inverse of the processing performed by the transmit processor 580 in the UE 550.
• the data and control signals carried by the successfully decoded frames may then be provided to a data sink 539 and the controller/processor, respectively. If some of the frames were unsuccessfully decoded by the receive processor, the controller/processor 540 may also use an acknowledgement (ACK) and/or negative acknowledgement (NACK) protocol to support retransmission requests for those frames.
• ACK acknowledgement
• NACK negative acknowledgement
• the controller/processors 540 and 590 may be used to direct the operation at the Node B 510 and the UE 550, respectively.
• the controller/processors 540 and 590 may provide various functions including timing, peripheral interfaces, voltage regulation, power management, and other control functions.
• the computer readable media of memories 542 and 592 may store data and software for the Node B 510 and the UE 550, respectively.
• a scheduler/processor 546 at the Node B 510 may be used to allocate resources to the UEs and schedule downlink and/or uplink transmissions for the UEs.
• TD-SCDMA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
• HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
• HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access
• HSPA+ High Speed Packet Access Plus
• LTE Long Term Evolution
• LTE-A LTE-Advanced
• CDMA2000 Evolution-Data Optimized
• UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband
• IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi
• IEEE 802.16 WiMAX
• IEEE 802.20 Ultra- Wideband
• Bluetooth Bluetooth
• the actual telecommunication standard, network architecture, and/or communication standard employed will depend on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the system.
• processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure.
• DSPs digital signal processors
• FPGAs field programmable gate arrays
• PLDs programmable logic devices
• state machines gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure.
• One or more processors in the processing system may execute software.
• Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
• the software may reside on a computer-readable medium 106 (Fig. 7).
• the computer-readable medium 106 (Fig. 7) may be a non-transitory computer-readable medium.
• a non- transitory computer-readable medium includes, by way of example, a magnetic storage device (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strip), an optical disk (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD)), a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key drive), random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), a register, a removable disk, and any other suitable medium for storing software and/or instructions that may be accessed and read by a computer.
• a magnetic storage device e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strip
• an optical disk e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD)
• a smart card e.g., a flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key drive), random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM
• the computer-readable medium may also include, by way of example, a carrier wave, a transmission line, and any other suitable medium for transmitting software and/or instructions that may be accessed and read by a computer.
• the computer-readable medium may be resident in the processing system, external to the processing system, or distributed across multiple entities including the processing system.
• the computer- readable medium may be embodied in a computer-program product.
• a computer-program product may include a computer-readable medium in packaging materials.

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