Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
  • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
  • D21F5/02—Drying on cylinders
  • D21F5/021—Construction of the cylinders

Definitions

• the present invention concerns improvements to the so-called Yankee cylinders used for the production of paper .
• the paper is produced starting from an aqueous slurry of cellulosic fibers and possible further additives, with a very low dry content, in the order of fractions of percentage points by weight.
• the slurry is fed from a headbox on a Fourdrinier wire and through subsequent steps between wires and felts, with the use of suction systems, the amount of water in the slurry is gradually reduced until obtaining a veil or layer of cellulosic fiber with a water content low enough to have a consistency which allows the veil to be passed through a drying system.
• the drying system comprises a Yankee cylinder, that is, an internally hollow cylinder, in which is circulated a heat transfer fluid, typically steam.
• the web of paper is dried, that is, its content of water is reduced, by evaporation at the expense of the heat transferred from the Yankee cylinder through its outer wall along which the veil of paper material is driven.
• Yankee cylinders are disclosed in US-A- 3,224,084; US-A-3, 116, 985; US-A-3, 911, 595; US-A-3, 914, 875; US-A-
• the Yankee cylinders made of steel are normally made by welding and comprise an outer cylindrical surface formed by a cylindrical shell whose ends are fixed to the end heads. The connection is usually realized by welding.
• the end heads carry externally the support pins of the cylinder. Between the end heads and the shell it is defined the hollow inner volume of the Yankee cylinder in which is entered the steam for the heating of the outer surface of the Yankee cylinder.
• the end heads of Yankee cylinders made of steel are generally flat, contrary to the end heads of Yankee cylinders made of cast iron, that have a curved shape, with a concavity facing outwards.
• US-A-4, 520.578 discloses a Yankee cylinder with concave end heads made of cast iron, provided with an insulating system whose function is to reduce the amount of heat wasted via the end heads.
• Other insulations of Yankee cylinders and/or other drying cylinders are disclosed in WO-A-82/03909, US-A-4321759, US-A-4, 454.660; US-A- 4, 399.169, US-A-4, 506.459, US-A-4 , 372 , 055 , US-A-4, 241.518, US-A-4, 313.267.
• WO-A-2011/030363 discloses a system for insulating a steel Yankee cylinder.
• This system has been designed in particular for its application to Yankee cylinders without screws connecting the cylinder end heads to the shell. It provides for welding a perimetral ring along the outer edge of the head, to create anchor points of the insulation system without introducing areas of weakening on the head.
• This system is particularly efficient and solves many problems associated with the insulation of the Yankee cylinder.
• the application of the fixing ring by welding is made during an intermediate stage of realization of the Yankee cylinder, so that tensions and deformations introduced by the welding can be removed by means of suitable heat treatments and machining. These operations can only be carried out during construction and, in any case, require properly equipped workspaces; and cannot be carried out on a Yankee cylinder already installed on a machine for the production of paper.
• an insulation for the end heads of a Yankee cylinder which is configured in such a way that it can be applied to the end heads of Yankee cylinders already installed work and in particular to the end heads of Yankee cylinders not predisposed to be insulated by systems applied during their construction.
• the insulation of the present invention can be applied in particular to steel Yankee cylinders, which do not exhibit suitable points, such as heads of screws for clamping the end heads to the shell, for fastening the insulation.
• each insulation can be fixed to the respective cylinder head without necessity of mechanical processing.
• the insulation comprises in combination:
• a fastening ring divided into at least two portions and engageable to a support and rotation structure of the Yankee cylinder, said fasteing ring having screw means to constrain each of said insulation panels in a first radially innermost position;
• At least one intermediate fastening element configured to be bound to at least a head of a screw provided on the head of the Yankee cylinder at a radial distance from the support and rotation structure, the intermediate fastening element defining at least one fastening point for the respective insulation panel.
• This structure comprises in general, on each head, a pin and a flange.
• the fastening ring may be suitably made to be fixed around the flange of the pin about which the cylinder rotates.
• each insulation panel protrudes radially beyond said at least one fastening point and has a terminal abutment, to abut against the head of the Yankee cylinder to which the insulation is applied.
• the insulation may further comprise, for each of the intermediate fastening elements, a securing member causing a mutual constraint between the intermediate fastening element and the respective insulation panel, designed to allow differential thermal deformations of the panel insulation relative to the end head.
• the securing member may comprise, for each fastening point, a screw engageable in a threaded hole of the securing member and an anti-unscrewing device; and each insulation panel may exhibit, in correspondence of each fastening point, a hole for the passage of the respective screw, said hole having a diametral dimension greater than the diametral dimension of the stem of the screw passing through it, to allow for differential thermal expansion between the insulation panel and the intermediate fastening element.
• the anti-unscrewing device may comprise a plate engaged to two adjacent screws with the flaps folded in such a way as to prevent rotation of the screws.
• the anti-unscrewing device may comprise an anti-unscrewing rosette interacting with the screw head and with a slot, that is, a hole in the insulation panel .
• each of the intermediate fastening elements comprises a first clamping screw with a first housing engageable with a head of a screw on the cylinder head of the Yankee cylinder. In some embodiments, at least some of the intermediate fastening elements comprise a second clamping screw with a second housing for engagement with a head of a screw on the cylinder head of the Yankee cylinder.
• the intermediate fastening elements may comprise one, two or a plurality of appendixes, each of them forming a respective fastening point for the respective insulation panel.
• the intermediate fastening elements may have a symmetrical shape, i.e. may be fork-shaped, with two appendixes or prolongations that, extending from a central body or leg, destined to be fixed to one or two heads of respective screws provided on the cylinder head, are prolonged so as to form fastening points that are radially spaced in relation to the axis of the Yankee cylinder to which the insulation panels must be fixed.
• each insulation panel has two radial edges that preferably are rectilinear.
• the two anchorage points for fastening the insulation panel to the intermediate fastening element are, preferably, adjacent to radial edges of the insulation panel, so as to provide a more efficient and reliable fastening acting in a zone that is stiffened by suitable profiles .
• each insulation panel comprises a radially innermost edge, developed as a circular arc, provided with holes for the passage of screws for fastening the panel insulation to the fastening ring.
• each insulation panel may comprise a radially outermost edge, also preferably of circular shape. Between the radially outermost edge and the radially innermost edge, each panel may have two radial substantially straight edges, extending from the radially innermost edge to the radially outermost edge.
• the intermediate fastening points are arranged in an intermediate position between said radially innermost edge and said radially outermost edge, preferably near the straight edges.
• each of said panels of insulation comprises a plate forming a segment of annular crown, forming a radially outermost edge of circular shape, a radially innermost edge of circular shape and two substantially straight radial edges.
• a respective profile having a wing approximately orthogonal to the plate, and facing the cylinder head to which the insulation is applied. Said wing allows to stiffen the structure of the panel.
• a first profile applied along a first of said radial edges protrudes with respect to said first radial edge
• a second profile applied along a second of said radial edges is set backward with respect to the second radial edge.
• through holes are preferably made in said plate, for the passage of screws for joining the radial edges of adjacent insulation panels. The joining screws inserted in through holes of a first insulation panel engage in threaded holes provided on the first profile of a second adjacent insulation panel.
• a profiled element can be applied, for example with an L-shaped cross section, having a wing approximately orthogonal to said plate and possibly provided with a seal.
• the seal forms a sealed bearing against the outer surface of the head of the Yankee cylinder.
• the plate of each insulation panel may have a layer of thermally insulating material applied to the surface of the plate that, when the panel is applied to the Yankee cylinder, is arranged facing towards the respective cylinder head.
• the fastening ring is formed from more portions and preferably by two substantially equal portions, joined together by clamping screws, preferably tangential.
• the insulation panels are shaped and dimensioned so as to be arranged between them partially overlapped along the respective radial edges.
• the object of the invention is also a Yankee cylinder comprising a cylindrical shell, two cylinder end heads and support and rotation structures extending from said end heads axially outwards, said cylinder comprising, on each of said end heads an insulation having one or more of the previous features.
• the Yankee cylinder comprises end heads connected with the shell by welding only, without making use of screws.
• the Yankee cylinder includes an internal rod connecting the two end heads, joined to the latter by means of screws, to which the intermediate fastening elements of the insulation panels may be fixed.
• Fig.l shows a longitudinal section of a Yankee cylinder without insulation
• Fig.2 shows a front view of an isolated insulation panel
• Figs 3, 4 and 5 show local sections along lines III-
• Fig 6 shows a front view of the fastening ring isolated
• Fig.7 shows a local section along line VII-VII of Fig.6;
• Fig.8 shows an enlarged view of a detail along VIII- VIII of Fig.6;
• Fig.9 shows a magnified view of the area indicated with IX-IX in Fig.6;
• Fig.10 shows a front view of an isolated intermediate fastening element
• Fig.11 shows a view along line XI-XI of Fig.10;
• Fig 12 shows a front view according to XII-XII of Fig 1 of the Yankee cylinder with the insulation installed;
• Fig 13 shows a section along line XIII-XIII of Fig.12;
• Figs. 14 and 15 show enlargements of details XIV and XV of Fig.13;
• Fig.l4A shows a view along the line A-A of Fig.14;
• Fig.16 shows an enlargement of detail XVI of Fig.12
• Fig.17 shows an enlargement of detail XVII of Fig.13
• Fig.18 shows a section along line XVIII-XVIII of Fig.12.
• a Yankee cylinder 2 is shown in its entirety in a longitudinal section containing the axis of rotation A-A of the cylinder itself.
• the Yankee cylinder is without insulation.
• the Yankee cylinder 2 comprises a main body 1 and support and rotation structures 3, through which the cylinder 2 is supported, by means of supporting bearings support 5 and 7, by a fixed structure, not shown.
• a heat transfer fluid typically steam, is made to circulate filling the inner chamber of the Yankee cylinder.
• the latter is realized inside the body 1 of the Yankee cylinder.
• the body 1 of the Yankee cylinder 2 may comprise a cylindrical shell 11 formed from a calendered plate and with edges welded along a generatrix or along an inclined helical line on the cylindrical surface of the same Yankee cylinder.
• the cylindrical shell can also be realized through the association of two or more cylinders of smaller size, obtained by rolling and welding of a plate.
• the association between two contiguous cylindrical shells can be made by means of a circumferential weld, if the contact takes place on a plane orthogonal to the axis of the shell, or by means of an elliptical weld, if the contact takes place on a plane inclined with respect to the axis of the shell.
• the cover 11 is joined, at its ends, to two end heads 13 and 15, to which, in turn, are fixed the support and rotation structures 3 as described hereinafter.
• the support and rotation structures 3 have each a flange 3A united for example by means of screws 16 to the respective end heads 13 and 15.
• the screws 16 are arranged in a circular disposition around holes 13A and 15A made in the end heads 13 and 15.
• the respective pins 18 rotating inside the supporting bearings 5 and 7 are extended axially outwards from the flanges 3A, orthogonally to the end heads 13, 15.
• the pins 18 can be axially perforated for the passage of a heat transfer fluid, typically steam.
• the inner surface of the calendered plate forming the cylindrical shell 11 is provided with a plurality of annular grooves 11A where it is collected the condensation due to the transfer of thermal energy from the steam injected into the chamber inside the body 1 of the Yankee cylinder 2 to the external environment.
• Fig.l shows only some of the grooves 11A, near the end heads 13, 15, but it should be understood that normally the grooves are uniformly distributed throughout the longitudinal development of the Yankee cylinder 2.
• condensation is sucked from the bottom of the annular grooves 11A and recirculated.
• the internal surface of the cylindrical shell is not grooved.
• the cylindrical shell 11 is joined to the end heads 13 and 15 by a weld made with circular weld beads 20.
• a tie rod 21 which extends from one to another of the end heads 13, 15.
• the tie rod 21 has a cylindrical structure 21A with end annular flanges 21B, through which the ends of the tie rod 31 are anchored to the end heads 13 and 15.
• the tie rod 21 is fixed to the end heads 13, 15 through two sets of screws for each end head, arranged according to two circular dispositions around the axis A-A of the
• the screws are indicated with 23 and 25, the screws 23 being disposed along a circumference of smaller diameter and the screws 25 being disposed along a circumference of greater diameter.
• each end head 13, 15 has not anchorages for the insulation, with the exception of the flange 3A of each support and rotation structure 3 and with the exception of the screws 23, 25. Moreover, all these elements are located within an annular zone of radius Rl, substantially lower than the total radius R2 of the Yankee cylinder. In the outer annular crown of width equal to R2-R1 the end heads 13 and 15 do not exhibit elements for fastening the insulation and is therefore necessary to provide a system for fastening the insulation that can be applied to the Yankee cylinder 2 even when the latter is already installed and inserted inside a fixed structure, in which are housed the bearings 5 and 7.
• a first component of the insulation is constituted by an insulation panel 51.
• the complete insulation of each single end head 13, 15 comprises a plurality of such insulation panels partially overlapped and connected to each other.
• ten insulation panels 51 nine of which are mutually identical and one has an opening for the access to a manhole 52 (Fig. 1) possibly exhibited by the Yankee cylinder 2.
• the number of insulation panels can be different from that illustrated. Furthermore, in some embodiments all of the panels may be identical to each other, without openings for access to the manhole.
• the manhole is provided only on one end head and then the panel with a corresponding opening will be applied only on one side of the cylinder.
• each insulation panel 51 has substantially the shape of a segment of annular ring defined by two radial edges and two circular inner and outer edges.
• the insulation panel 51 may comprise a plate 53 forming the main body of the panel 51, to which is applied a thermally insulating material, for example formed from one or more cushions of thermally insulating material, such as rock wool or glass wool.
• a thermally insulating material for example formed from one or more cushions of thermally insulating material, such as rock wool or glass wool.
• the insulating material is shown only schematically and partially in Fig.13, where it is marked with the reference "I". In the remaining figures it is omitted for the sake of clarity .
• the plate 53 has a radially innermost edge 53A and a radially outermost edge 53B.
• the two edges 53A, 53B have the shape of an arc of circumference and are concentric with one another and are concentric with respect to the axis A-A of the Yankee cylinder 2 on which the panel 51 is applied.
• the plate 53 has, moreover, a first substantially straight 53C radial edge, and a second substantially straight radial edge 53D.
• first profiled element 55 Along the first radial edge substantially straight 53C it is applied a first profiled element 55.
• the profiled element 55 has an L-shaped cross section, with a first wing 55A and a second wing 55B.
• the first wing 55A extends substantially perpendicular to the plane of the plate 53, while the second wing 55B extends substantially parallel to the plane of the plate 53.
• the first profiled element 55 is fixed to the plate 53 by means of a plurality of screws 57 and nuts and lock nuts 59, as shown in detail in Fig 5.
• the wing 55B of the profiled element 55 can be engaged between the plate 53 and a flat profiled element 61 which is clamped against the L-shaped element 55, so that the wing 55B remains locked between the plate 53 and the flat profiled element 61.
• Threaded holes 63 parallel to the first rectilinear edge 53C of the plate 53, on the wing 55B of the respective profiled element 55 there are threaded holes 63 which extend also in the flat profiled element 61 (see again Fig 5) .
• the threaded holes 63 are made in a part 55B of the wing of the profiled element 55 that protrudes with respect to the edge 53C.
• a second profiled element 69 for example L- shaped, comprising a first wing 69A substantially orthogonal to the plate 53 and a second wing 69B substantially parallel to the plate 53.
• the profiled element 69 is mounted behind the edge 53D of the plate 53, so that the plate 53 protrudes by a certain amount in relation to the profiled L-shaped element 69.
• the plate 53 has a plurality of through holes for locking of the insulation panel 51 to a clamping ring described in the following .
• a further profiled element 75 preferably an L-shaped profiled element, with a first wing 75A substantially orthogonal to the plane in which the plate 53 lies and a second wing 75B substantially parallel to the plate 53 and in contact with the inner surface of the plate itself, i.e. with the surface facing the corresponding end head 13, 15 of the Yankee cylinder 2 when the insulation is installed.
• the profile 75 is fixed to the plate 53 by means of screws 77 and nuts 79.
• the profiled elements 55, 69, 75 may have a cross section different from the one represented here.
• they may have an L- shaped section with wings different from each other, or at least some of these profiled elements may be I- shaped or H-shaped.
• the profiled elements have identical cross. This can provide advantages in terms of economy of supply, production and storage, but the possibility of making use of differently shaped profiled elements is not excluded.
• the profiled elements 55, 69 and 75 are fixed to the plate 53 by screws. In other embodiments, not shown, other fastening systems may be used.
• the profiled elements 55, 69 and 75 can be fixed to the plate 53 of the insulation panel 51 by welding, riveting or other suitable systems. It is also possible to make use of different fixing modes on different profiled elements of the same panel, or for the profiled elements of different panels.
• the insulating system comprises, for each end head
• the fastening ring 81 is designed to be clamped on the flange 3A of the support and rotation structure 3 of the corresponding end head 13 or 15 of the Yankee cylinder 2.
• the fastening ring is formed by two or more portions or parts that can be fastened between them.
• the fastening ring 81 is divided into two portions 81A that are substantially identical to each other .
• the two portions 81A are mutually joined opposite to each other by means of screws arranged in diametrically opposite areas where the ends of the two portions 81A of the fastening ring 81 are opposite to each other.
• the holes 87 are threaded holes.
• the threaded holes 87 can be through threaded holes, i.e. threaded holes crossing the whole thickness of a radially outermost annular zone of the portions
• the threaded holes 87 are accessible for screwing the screws 88 (see in particular figs. 12 and 15) intended to lock the insulation panels to the flat side 81B of the fastening ring 81.
• the fastening ring 81 is clamped around the flange 3A and to the respective support and rotation structure 3 of the end head 13 or 15.
• the insulation panels 51 can be fastened with their radially innermost circumferential edges 53A along the fastening ring 81 that in turn is clamped around the flange 3A of the support and rotation structure 3.
• the insulation system further comprises, for each insulation panel 51, at least one intermediate fastening element, one of which is individually shown in Figs 10 and 11 and is generally indicated with 91.
• the intermediate fastening element 91 comprises a shank or stem 93 from which protrude two appendices 95 and 97 which are substantially symmetrical with respect to a center plane whose trace is indicated with p-p
• the intermediate fastening element has, in this embodiment, approximately the shape of a fork.
• Others embodiments are also possible, as will become clear in the following, even though the shape now illustrated is particularly effective.
• the stem 93 defines a first housing 99 and a second housing 101 for the engagement of the intermediate fastening element 91 respectively to the heads of the screws 25 and 23, with which the tie rod 21 is fixed to the end heads 13 and
• first housing 99 and the second housing 101 have a circular shape and are formed by elastically deformable portions of the shank 93.
• the housing 99 is partially delimited by an elastically deformable appendix 99A for tightening the housing 99 around the head of the corresponding screw 25, for which purpose the shank 93 has a notch 99B.
• the housing 101 is delimited by two portions 101A, 101B separated by a notch 101C to tighten the housing 101 around the head of the corresponding screw 23.
• the tightening of the two housings 99 and 101 around the heads of the screws 25 and 23 takes place by means of corresponding screw members 103 and 105, visible in particular in Fig.16.
• each intermediate fastening element 91 can be fixed on the corresponding end head 13 or 15 of the Yankee cylinder 2 in a position such that the appendixes 95 and 97 extend away from the axis A-A of the Yankee cylinder 2 towards the peripheral edge of the respective end head, in order to define anchor points for the insulation arranged at a distance from the axis A-A of the Yankee cylinder 2 greater than the radial distance of the screws 23, 25 used for fixing the internal tie rod of said Yankee cylinder 2.
• Each appendix 95, 97 has, in proximity to its distal end 95A, 97A (i.e. the end opposite to the shank 93) a respective threaded hole 107, 109.
• the threaded holes 107, 109 permit the use of mounting screws 111 with which each insulation panel 51 is fixed in an intermediate position to the intermediate fastening element 91 and, through the latter, to the respective end head 13 or 15.
• each intermediate fastening element 91 is located with the holes 107, 109 in alignment with the holes 73 of a respective insulation panel 51, so that for each end head it will be used a number of intermediate fastening elements 91 equal to the number of insulation panels 51.
• the fastening may be provided on only one of the screws 25, 23 instead of both as in the embodiment illustrated in the drawing.
• the screws 111 used to secure each panel of insulation 51 to the respective intermediate fastening element 91 have a particular shape shown in detail in Fig.14. These screws have a head 111A, preferably hexagonal, of large dimensions with respect to the leg 111B, which is extended by a threaded shank lllC.
• the threaded shank 111C has a length such that it does not protrude from the threaded through hole
• the upper stop formed by the portion of greater diameter of the rod 111B touches the outer surface of the intermediate fastening element 91 before the threaded shank 111C comes into contact with the surface of the end head. If this were not the case, the screw could push away the fastening intermediate element 91 acting like an extraction screw.
• the diameter D of the stem 111E is advantageously smaller than the diameter DO of the through hole 73 of the insulation panel 51.
• the insulation panel 51 and in particular the plate 53 which supports the thermally insulating material, can have a thermal expansion different from that of the intermediate fastening element 91.
• This different thermal expansion can be determined not only by the different materials used for these two components, but also and above all because they are at temperatures substantially different from one another: the intermediate fastening element 91, being in contact with the respective end head 13 or 15, is at a temperature higher than that of the plate 53 forming the outer part of the insulation panel 51. The better the insulation is, the greater is the difference of temperature between the intermediate fastening element 91 and the plate 53 of the insulation panel 51.
• Fig.l4A schematically shows, in a view along the line A-A of Fig.14, an embodiment of the anti-unscrewing system.
• a plate common 112 for example of rectangular shape, with two holes through which pass the two screws 111.
• Two opposite corners 112A of plate 112 are folded against the respective faces of the two hexagonal heads of screws 111, so as to lock both screws against any accidental unscrewing.
• Fig.14 shows the detail of a reinforcement plate 53P applied on the face of the plate 53 of the insulation panel 51 facing towards the end head to which the insulation panel 51 is fixed.
• the reinforcement plate 53P is advantageously perforated in correspondence of the hole 73 to allow the passage of the shank 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ of the screw 111.
• each of the two end heads 13, 15 is coated with an insulation formed by a plurality (ten in the illustrated example) of insulation panels 51, which are partially overlapped at the radial straight edges as shown in the detail of Fig.18.
• a locking screw 121 advantageously provided with an anti- unscrewing rosette 123 and inserted into each threaded hole 63 of which is provided with the profiled element 55 which forms the outer radial edge of the panel itself protruding with respect to the edge 53C of the sheet 53.
• each threaded hole 63 of the L-shaped profiled element 55 of an insulation panel 51 is aligned with a corresponding hole 71 formed along the edge 53D of the plate 53 of the adjacent panel.
• each pair of adjacent insulation panels 51 are joined to one another in the area in which the projecting portion of the plate 53 of a panel overlaps the profiled element 55 of the adjacent panel, by inserting a series of screws 121 in the through holes 71 of a panel and screwing them into the corresponding threaded holes 63 made in the wing 55B of the profiled element 55 and in the reinforcement plate 61 of the adjacent insulation panel 51.
• the panels are also fixed by the screws 88 at the radial innermost edges 53A of the fastening ring 81, in turn locked by means of the screws 83, 85 tangential to the flange 3A of the respective support and rotation structure 3.
• each insulation panel 51 is fixed in correspondence of the fastening points defined by the holes 73 by means of screws 111 to the fork-shaped intermediate fastening element 91, in turn locked by means of the screws 103 and 105 on the heads of the screws 25 and 23 used for mounting the tie rod 21 inside the Yankee cylinder 2.
• Each insulation panel 51 extends radially outwardly beyond the circumference 53 substantially up to the peripheral edge of the respective end head 13, 15.
• the locking realized by means of the screws 111 in the intermediate anchor points defined by the holes 73 and the fastening by means of the screws 88 along the fastening ring 81 allow the insulation thus formed to remain adherent to the end head 13, 15.
• the locking of the insulation formed bythe partially overlapping panels 51 is also achieved through the support offered by the L-shaped profiled elements 55, 61 and 75.
• the curved profiles 75 that follow the radially outermost circular edge 53B of the individual insulation panels 51 can be advantageously equipped, on the wing 75A, with a gasket 127 (see detail of Fig.17 ⁇ which forms a support and a seal against the outer surface of the end head 13 or 15 to which the single insulation panel 51 is anchored.
• a gasket 127 see detail of Fig.17 ⁇ which forms a support and a seal against the outer surface of the end head 13 or 15 to which the single insulation panel 51 is anchored.

Landscapes

• Paper (AREA)
• Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
• Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
• Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=45992763

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (2)

Citations (18)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 2012
  • 2012-02-09 IT IT000018A patent/ITFI20120018A1/it unknown
• 2013
  • 2013-02-05 EP EP13710005.3A patent/EP2812486B1/fr active Active
  • 2013-02-05 HU HUE13710005A patent/HUE027701T2/en unknown
  • 2013-02-05 PL PL13710005T patent/PL2812486T3/pl unknown
  • 2013-02-05 CN CN201380008554.XA patent/CN104105828B/zh active Active
  • 2013-02-05 WO PCT/IB2013/000145 patent/WO2013117975A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2013-02-05 ES ES13710005.3T patent/ES2564492T3/es active Active

Patent Citations (18)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events