WO2013114020A2 - Method and device for condensing or pseudocondensing a gas - Google Patents
Method and device for condensing or pseudocondensing a gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013114020A2 WO2013114020A2 PCT/FR2013/050110 FR2013050110W WO2013114020A2 WO 2013114020 A2 WO2013114020 A2 WO 2013114020A2 FR 2013050110 W FR2013050110 W FR 2013050110W WO 2013114020 A2 WO2013114020 A2 WO 2013114020A2
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- Prior art keywords
- expanded
- flow rate
- flow
- liquid
- heat exchanger
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0027—Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
- F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
- F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and apparatus for condensation or pseudo-condensation (beyond the critical point) of a feed gas, for example a gas rich in carbon dioxide, containing for example at least 60% mol. of carbon dioxide, or at least 80 mol% of carbon dioxide. It relates in particular to a method and a liquefaction apparatus. It is considered that a gas is liquefied (or condensed) if it is cooled while under supercritical pressure and its density is closer to that of a liquid than a gas. This is called pseudo-liquefaction (or pseudo-condensation).
- the present invention aims to reduce the cost and complexity of the exchange line of a condensation or pseudo-condensation device.
- WO-A-2008/130359 discloses a refrigeration cycle using carbon dioxide as a cycle gas. It differs from the present invention in that it must include a heat source to vaporize the formed liquid and does not allow the production of a final product in liquid form.
- a method of condensation or pseudo-condensation of a feed gas rich in carbon dioxide in which the gas is compressed, condensed or pseudo-condense at least a part to form a liquid at a first pressure or a fluid at the first pressure, the first pressure being at least 50 bar, the liquid or fluid is expanded to a second pressure lower than the first pressure to form a first flow expanded, at least a portion of the first expanded flow rate or a flow rate derived from the first expanded flow rate is cooled in a heat exchanger, at least a portion of the first expanded flow rate or the flow rate derived from the first expanded flow rate of the heat exchanger as a cooled flow rate, a portion of the cooled flow is expanded at one or more different pressures to form at least a second expanded flow rate and then the second expanded flow rate u the second flow rates vaporize in the heat exchanger and the at least one cycle gas thus formed is mixed with carbon dioxide-rich gas before or after compression characterized in that one takes the rest of the flow
- the compressed gas can be exported as a product, with or without compression at higher pressure.
- the liquid at the first pressure is expanded in a valve to form a two-phase expanded flow
- the two-phase flow is sent to a phase separator and at least a portion of the liquid phase separator constituting a flow derived from a part of the flow relaxed cools in the heat exchanger.
- a gas from the phase separator can be returned to the compressor.
- a portion of the liquid flow of the phase separator can cool in the heat exchanger to an intermediate temperature thereof and at least a portion of this portion is expanded, heats up in the heat exchanger and is sent to the compressor (one of the compressors), possibly after being compressed.
- no flow rate to the exchanger has a pressure greater than 60 bar.
- the liquid is expanded from the first pressure to the second pressure.
- the first pressure may be at least 50 bars, or even at least 60 bars, or even at least 70 bars.
- the first pressure will preferably be less than 200 bars.
- All the heat to vaporize the flow or flows relaxed in the heat exchanger is preferably from the at least a portion of the expanded flow or the flow rate or flows derived from the expanded flow that cools therein.
- all the frigories are produced by expansion of the liquid formed by this condensation or pseudo-condensation and / or at least a liquid which is derived therefrom.
- an apparatus for condensing or pseudo-condensation of a feed gas comprising a compressor, a heat exchanger, condensing means connected to the compressor by a pipe, driving being designed to bring the mixed feed gas with one or more cycle gases to the condensation or pseudocondensation means, a first valve, a conduit for supplying at least a portion of the condensed liquid or pseudo-condensed fluid by the condensation means or pseudo-condensation at the first valve, the liquid or the fluid being at a first pressure, a pipe for sending at least a portion of the first expanded flow or a flow rate derived from the first expanded flow of the first valve to the heat exchanger, a pipe for taking out the first expanded flow rate or the flow rate derived from the first expanded flow rate of the heat exchanger, at least one second valve, at the oins a conduit for bringing a portion of the first expanded flow rate or the flow rate derived from the first expanded flow rate to the second valve (s) to be expanded at
- the apparatus may include a phase separator, a conduit for supplying a portion of the expanded flow from the valve to the phase separator, a conduit for supplying liquid from the phase separator to the exchanger as a flow rate derived from the expanded flow rate.
- the apparatus may include a conduit for feeding a portion of the phase separator liquid, cooled in the heat exchanger to an intermediate temperature thereof, to a detent means and a conduit for sending the portion from the means of relaxation at the exchanger.
- the apparatus may include a conduit for supplying gas from the phase separator to the compressor.
- the apparatus may comprise means for cooling the liquid or the fluid downstream of the condensation or pseudocondensation means and upstream of the valve.
- the heat exchanger can be the only way to vaporize the expanded flow rate or the flow rate or rates derived from the cooled flow rate in this exchanger.
- the apparatus does not include an external heat source for heating the heat exchanger.
- the gas (or the pseudo-condense if it is at supercritical pressure), for example C0 2 , is condensed against an available cold source.
- This source can be a flow of air or water.
- the gas may be at a pressure of between 50 and 200 bar.
- the condensed or pseudo-condensed gas must then be sub-cooled in an exchanger before dividing it to form several liquid flow rates which are then vaporized at different pressure levels. These different pressure levels are achieved by relaxing at least one of the liquid flow rates.
- the liquids are vaporized in the exchanger to provide cold, while the remaining liquid production is sent to storage.
- the disadvantage of the basic scheme is to sub-cool the liquid up to -50 ° C in one step, which amounts to imposing on the entire exchange line design pressure that is greater than 60 bar in this description .
- This high pressure creates constraints on the exchanger whose passage section must be reduced, as well as the number of boxes for the entry or exit of fluid.
- the invention aims to reduce the pressure for which the main exchanger is designed, by relaxing the high pressure liquid (or "pseudo-condensed gas") upstream thereof. A gas phase can be generated. It must be recycled into the compressor at the highest possible pressure to reduce the energy penalty of this gas recirculation.
- the most natural option is to sub-cool the condensed C0 2 to 80bars before relaxing it to eliminate the gas phase thus generated. This can be done with part of the C0 2 subcooled, relaxed to about 40 bar, vaporized against the fluid at about 80 bar (this pressure can spread between 60 and 200 bar as indicated above) and recycled in the compressor at the level of the last compression stage.
- the present invention aims to protect the fact that a simple expansion, without subcooling exchanger is a relevant solution, despite the high rate of vaporization that is expected by relaxing a liquid that is already at the point of bubble.
- a feed gas 1 is a gas rich in carbon dioxide, for example containing 98% carbon dioxide and 2% nitrogen.
- the gas 1 is compressed in a compressor C3 to a pressure of 43 bar. Then it is compressed to 80 bar in a C4 compressor.
- the gas at 80 bar is pseudo-condensed in a condenser E4 by heat exchange with water or air, without an intermediate circuit of ammonia, to produce a supercritical fluid 5.
- This fluid 5 is sent from the condenser E4 at the first pressure of 80 bar without being subcooled to arrive at the valve 9.
- the fluid 5 is expanded in the valve 9 to a pressure of 55 bars, which is the second pressure, to produce a two-phase fluid.
- the two-phase fluid is sent to a phase separator 22.
- the product liquid 10 is divided into two flow rates 1 1, 13.
- the liquid 13 is cooled in an exchanger E1 to the cold end thereof.
- the liquid 13 is divided into three.
- Part 18 constitutes the liquid production of the process and is sent to a storage at 7 bars.
- Part 7 is expanded to 12 bar (MP) without producing gas, reheated in the exchanger E1 and sent upstream of a compressor C2.
- the remaining part is expanded in a valve 43 and sent to a phase separator 35.
- the gas fraction 37 formed in the phase separator and the liquid fraction 39 heat up separately in the exchanger E1, which is an aluminum plate heat exchanger brazed.
- the liquid fraction vaporizes and is mixed with the gaseous fraction, the mixture being sent to the compressor C1 at the low pressure BP.
- the compressed flow rate in the compressor C1 is mixed with the flow rate 7 and compressed in the compressor C2 before being mixed with the feed gas 1 and the flow rate 15.
- the other liquid portion 1 1 from the valve 9 is cooled to an intermediate temperature of the exchanger E1. Then the portion 15 is expanded from 55 bars to 43 bars in a valve 19 without producing gas and heated in the exchanger E1 before being recycled downstream of the compressor C2 and upstream of the compressor C3 at 43 bar.
- the gas 26 of the phase separator 22 is returned to the inlet of the compressor
- No flow sent to the exchanger E1 has a pressure greater than 50 bar, or even greater than 60 bar.
- HHP designates “very high pressure”, HP “high pressure”, MP “medium pressure” and BP “low pressure”, the references being cited in order of pressure, from the highest to the lowest.
- the compressors C1, C2, C3, C4 can constitute stages of one or two compressors in series, possibly more in parallel.
- the vaporization of the flow rate 7 in the second exchanger E1 is not absolutely essential but makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the exchange.
- the vaporization of the cycle liquid takes place at as many pressures as there are stages C1, C2, C3, C4 of compression, four being a technico-economic optimum, in fact, the more there are stages and more or the compression machines are expensive.
- the outlet pressure of the compressor C4 (the first pressure) is subcritical, the gas formed condenses in the exchanger E4 forming a liquid. This liquid is sent to the valve 9 without being cooled downstream of the exchanger E4 and a two-phase fluid is produced at the second pressure.
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Description
Procédé et appareil de condensation ou de pseudocondensation d'un gaz Method and apparatus for condensation or pseudocondensation of a gas
L'invention est relative à un procédé et un appareil de condensation ou pseudo-condensation (au-delà du point critique) d'un gaz d'alimentation, par exemple un gaz riche en dioxyde de carbone, contenant par exemple au moins 60% mol. de dioxyde de carbone, voire au moins 80% mol de dioxyde de carbone. Elle concerne en particulier un procédé et un appareil de liquéfaction. On considère qu'un gaz est liquéfié (ou condensé) s'il est refroidi alors qu'il se trouve à une pression supercritique et que sa densité se rapproche plus de celle d'un liquide que d'un gaz. Ceci est nommé pseudo-liquéfaction (ou pseudo-condensation). The invention relates to a method and apparatus for condensation or pseudo-condensation (beyond the critical point) of a feed gas, for example a gas rich in carbon dioxide, containing for example at least 60% mol. of carbon dioxide, or at least 80 mol% of carbon dioxide. It relates in particular to a method and a liquefaction apparatus. It is considered that a gas is liquefied (or condensed) if it is cooled while under supercritical pressure and its density is closer to that of a liquid than a gas. This is called pseudo-liquefaction (or pseudo-condensation).
Toutes les pressions mentionnées sont des pressions absolues. All pressures mentioned are absolute pressures.
La présente invention vise à réduire le coût et la complexité de la ligne d'échange d'un appareil de condensation ou de pseudo-condensation. The present invention aims to reduce the cost and complexity of the exchange line of a condensation or pseudo-condensation device.
WO-A-2008/130359 décrit un cycle de réfrigération utilisant le dioxyde de carbone comme gaz de cycle. Il diffère de la présente invention en ce qu'il doit obligatoirement comprendre une source de chaleur pour vaporiser le liquide formé et ne permet pas la production d'un produit final sous forme liquide. WO-A-2008/130359 discloses a refrigeration cycle using carbon dioxide as a cycle gas. It differs from the present invention in that it must include a heat source to vaporize the formed liquid and does not allow the production of a final product in liquid form.
Selon un objet de l'invention, il est prévu un procédé de condensation ou de pseudo-condensation d'un gaz d'alimentation riche en dioxyde de carbone dans lequel on comprime le gaz, on en condense ou pseudo-condense au moins une partie pour former un liquide à une première pression ou un fluide à la première pression, la première pression étant au moins égale à 50 bars, on détend le liquide ou le fluide jusqu'à une deuxième pression inférieure à la première pression pour former un premier débit détendu, on refroidit au moins une partie du premier débit détendu ou un débit dérivé du premier débit détendu dans un échangeur de chaleur, on sort au moins une partie du premier débit détendu ou du débit dérivé du premier débit détendu de l'échangeur de chaleur comme débit refroidi, on détend une partie du débit refroidi à une ou plusieurs pressions différentes pour former au moins un deuxième débit détendu puis on envoie le deuxième débit détendu ou les deuxièmes débits détendus se vaporiser dans l'échangeur de chaleur et le au moins un gaz de cycle ainsi formé est donc mélangé au gaz riche en dioxyde de carbone avant ou après la compression caractérisé en ce que l'on prend le reste du débit refroidi pour être un produit final liquide riche en dioxyde de carbone. According to one object of the invention, there is provided a method of condensation or pseudo-condensation of a feed gas rich in carbon dioxide in which the gas is compressed, condensed or pseudo-condense at least a part to form a liquid at a first pressure or a fluid at the first pressure, the first pressure being at least 50 bar, the liquid or fluid is expanded to a second pressure lower than the first pressure to form a first flow expanded, at least a portion of the first expanded flow rate or a flow rate derived from the first expanded flow rate is cooled in a heat exchanger, at least a portion of the first expanded flow rate or the flow rate derived from the first expanded flow rate of the heat exchanger as a cooled flow rate, a portion of the cooled flow is expanded at one or more different pressures to form at least a second expanded flow rate and then the second expanded flow rate u the second flow rates vaporize in the heat exchanger and the at least one cycle gas thus formed is mixed with carbon dioxide-rich gas before or after compression characterized in that one takes the rest of the flow cooled to be a liquid end product rich in carbon dioxide.
Eventuellement une partie du gaz comprimé peut être exportée comme produit, avec ou sans compression à plus haute pression. Possibly some of the compressed gas can be exported as a product, with or without compression at higher pressure.
De préférence au moins deux parties du débit refroidi se vaporisent dans l'échangeur de chaleur à des pressions différentes. Preferably at least two parts of the cooled flow vaporize in the heat exchanger at different pressures.
Eventuellement le liquide à la première pression est détendu dans une vanne pour former un débit détendu diphasique, le débit diphasique est envoyé à un séparateur de phases et au moins une partie du liquide du séparateur de phases constituant un débit dérivé d'une partie du débit détendu se refroidit dans l'échangeur de chaleur. Possibly the liquid at the first pressure is expanded in a valve to form a two-phase expanded flow, the two-phase flow is sent to a phase separator and at least a portion of the liquid phase separator constituting a flow derived from a part of the flow relaxed cools in the heat exchanger.
Un gaz du séparateur de phases peut être renvoyé au compresseur. A gas from the phase separator can be returned to the compressor.
Une partie du débit du liquide du séparateur de phase peut se refroidir dans l'échangeur de chaleur jusqu'à une température intermédiaire de celui-ci et au moins une fraction de cette partie est détendue, se réchauffe dans l'échangeur de chaleur et est envoyée au compresseur (un des compresseurs), éventuellement après avoir été comprimée. A portion of the liquid flow of the phase separator can cool in the heat exchanger to an intermediate temperature thereof and at least a portion of this portion is expanded, heats up in the heat exchanger and is sent to the compressor (one of the compressors), possibly after being compressed.
De préférence, aucun débit envoyé à l'échangeur n'a une pression supérieure à 60 bars. Preferably, no flow rate to the exchanger has a pressure greater than 60 bar.
De préférence, on détend le liquide depuis la première pression jusqu'à la deuxième pression. Preferably, the liquid is expanded from the first pressure to the second pressure.
La première pression peut être au moins égale à 50 bars, voire au moins égale à 60 bars, voire au moins égale à 70 bars. The first pressure may be at least 50 bars, or even at least 60 bars, or even at least 70 bars.
La première pression sera de préférence inférieure à 200 bars. The first pressure will preferably be less than 200 bars.
Toute la chaleur pour vaporiser le ou les débits détendus dans l'échangeur provient de préférence de l'au moins une partie du débit détendu ou le ou les débits dérivés du débit détendu qui s'y refroidit. A part l'apport de froid pour la condensation ou pseudo-condensation, toutes les frigories sont produits par détente du liquide formé par cette condensation ou pseudo-condensation et/ou d'au moins un liquide qui en est dérivé. All the heat to vaporize the flow or flows relaxed in the heat exchanger is preferably from the at least a portion of the expanded flow or the flow rate or flows derived from the expanded flow that cools therein. Apart from the supply of cold for the condensation or pseudo-condensation, all the frigories are produced by expansion of the liquid formed by this condensation or pseudo-condensation and / or at least a liquid which is derived therefrom.
Selon un autre objet de l'invention, il est prévu un appareil de condensation ou de pseudo-condensation d'un gaz d'alimentation comprenant un compresseur, un échangeur de chaleur, des moyens de condensation reliés au compresseur par une conduite, la conduite étant conçue pour amener le gaz d'alimentation mélangé avec un ou des gaz de cycle jusqu'aux moyens de condensation ou de pseudocondensation, une première vanne , une conduite pour amener au moins une partie du liquide condensé ou du fluide pseudo-condensé par les moyens de condensation ou de pseudo-condensation à la première vanne, le liquide ou le fluide étant à une première pression, une conduite pour envoyer au moins une partie du premier débit détendu ou un débit dérivé du premier débit détendu de la première vanne à l'échangeur de chaleur, une conduite pour sortir le premier débit détendu ou le débit dérivé du premier débit détendu de l'échangeur de chaleur, au moins une deuxième vanne , au moins une conduite pour amener une partie du premier débit détendu ou du débit dérivé du premier débit détendu à la ou les deuxièmes vannes pour y être détendu à une ou plusieurs pressions, une conduite pour amener la ou les parties détendues dans la ou les deuxièmes vannes se vaporiser dans l'échangeur de chaleur pour former le ou les gaz de cycle, au moins une conduite pour amener le ou les gaz de cycle au compresseur, des moyens pour mélanger le ou les gaz de cycle et le gaz d'alimentation en amont ou en aval du compresseur et éventuellement au moins un moyen de compression en amont du compresseur pour comprimer le ou les gaz de cycle caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une conduite pour sortir le reste du débit détendu ou du débit dérivé du débit détendu, cette deuxième partie constituant un produit final liquide riche en dioxyde de carbone. According to another object of the invention, there is provided an apparatus for condensing or pseudo-condensation of a feed gas comprising a compressor, a heat exchanger, condensing means connected to the compressor by a pipe, driving being designed to bring the mixed feed gas with one or more cycle gases to the condensation or pseudocondensation means, a first valve, a conduit for supplying at least a portion of the condensed liquid or pseudo-condensed fluid by the condensation means or pseudo-condensation at the first valve, the liquid or the fluid being at a first pressure, a pipe for sending at least a portion of the first expanded flow or a flow rate derived from the first expanded flow of the first valve to the heat exchanger, a pipe for taking out the first expanded flow rate or the flow rate derived from the first expanded flow rate of the heat exchanger, at least one second valve, at the oins a conduit for bringing a portion of the first expanded flow rate or the flow rate derived from the first expanded flow rate to the second valve (s) to be expanded at one or more pressures, a pipe for bringing the at least one portion into the second valve (s) vaporizing in the heat exchanger to form the one or more cycle gases, at least one line for supplying the cycle gas (s) to the compressor, means for mixing the cycle gas (s) and the upstream supply gas or downstream of the compressor and possibly at least one compression means upstream of the compressor for compressing the one or more cycle gases, characterized in that it comprises a pipe for outputting the remainder of the expanded flow rate or the flow rate derived from the expanded flow, this second part constituting a liquid end product rich in carbon dioxide.
L'appareil peut comprendre un séparateur de phases, une conduite pour envoyer une partie du débit détendu de la vanne au séparateur de phases, une conduite pour envoyer un liquide du séparateur de phases à l'échangeur comme débit dérivé du débit détendu. L'appareil peut comprendre une conduite pour envoyer une partie du liquide du séparateur de phases, refroidi dans l'échangeur de chaleur jusqu'à une température intermédiaire de celui-ci, à un moyen de détente et une conduite pour envoyer la partie depuis le moyen de détente à l'échangeur. The apparatus may include a phase separator, a conduit for supplying a portion of the expanded flow from the valve to the phase separator, a conduit for supplying liquid from the phase separator to the exchanger as a flow rate derived from the expanded flow rate. The apparatus may include a conduit for feeding a portion of the phase separator liquid, cooled in the heat exchanger to an intermediate temperature thereof, to a detent means and a conduit for sending the portion from the means of relaxation at the exchanger.
L'appareil peut comprendre une conduite pour envoyer un gaz du séparateur de phases vers le compresseur. The apparatus may include a conduit for supplying gas from the phase separator to the compressor.
L'appareil peut comprendre des moyens de refroidissement du liquide ou du fluide en aval des moyens de condensation ou de pseudocondensation et en amont de la vanne. The apparatus may comprise means for cooling the liquid or the fluid downstream of the condensation or pseudocondensation means and upstream of the valve.
De préférence, il n'y a aucun moyen de refroidissement du liquide ou du fluide en aval des moyens de condensation ou de pseudocondensation et en amont de la vanne. Preferably, there is no means of cooling the liquid or the fluid downstream of the condensation or pseudocondensation means and upstream of the valve.
L'échangeur de chaleur peut constituer le seul moyen pour vaporiser le débit détendu ou le ou les débits dérivés du débit détendu refroidi dans cet échangeur. The heat exchanger can be the only way to vaporize the expanded flow rate or the flow rate or rates derived from the cooled flow rate in this exchanger.
De préférence, l'appareil ne comprend pas de source de chaleur extérieure pour chauffer l'échangeur de chaleur. Preferably, the apparatus does not include an external heat source for heating the heat exchanger.
Selon ce procédé, on condense le gaz (ou le pseudo-condense s'il est à pression supercritique), par exemple du C02, contre une source de froid disponible. Cette source peut être un débit d'air ou d'eau. Le gaz peut être à une pression d'entre 50 et 200 bars. Il faut ensuite sous-refroidir le gaz condensé ou pseudo-condensé dans un échangeur avant de le diviser pour former plusieurs débits liquides qui sont ensuite vaporisés à différents niveaux de pression. Ces niveaux de pression différents sont atteints en détendant au moins un des débits liquides. Les liquides sont vaporisés dans l'échangeur pour fournir du froid, tandis que la production liquide restante est envoyée aux stockages. According to this method, the gas (or the pseudo-condense if it is at supercritical pressure), for example C0 2 , is condensed against an available cold source. This source can be a flow of air or water. The gas may be at a pressure of between 50 and 200 bar. The condensed or pseudo-condensed gas must then be sub-cooled in an exchanger before dividing it to form several liquid flow rates which are then vaporized at different pressure levels. These different pressure levels are achieved by relaxing at least one of the liquid flow rates. The liquids are vaporized in the exchanger to provide cold, while the remaining liquid production is sent to storage.
L'inconvénient du schéma de base est de sous-refroidir le liquide jusqu'à - 50°C en une étape, ce qui revient à imposer à toute la ligne d'échange sa pression de conception qui est supérieur à 60 bars dans cette description. Cette forte pression crée des contraintes sur l'échangeur dont la section de passage doit être réduite, ainsi que le nombre de boites permettant l'entrée ou la sortie de fluide. L'invention vise à réduire la pression pour laquelle l'échangeur principal est conçu, en détendant le liquide à haute pression (ou « gaz pseudo-condensé ») en amont de celui-ci. Une phase gaz peut être générée. Elle doit être recyclée dans le compresseur à la plus haute pression possible pour réduire la pénalité énergétique de ce recyclage de gaz. L'option la plus naturelle est de sous-refroidir le C02 condensé vers 80bars avant de le détendre afin d'éliminer la phase gaz ainsi générée. Cela peut se faire avec une partie du C02 sous-refroidi, détendue à environ 40 bars, vaporisée contre le fluide à environ 80 bars (cette pression peut s'étaler entre 60 et 200 bars comme indiqué plus haut) et recyclée dans le compresseur au niveau du dernier étage de compression. The disadvantage of the basic scheme is to sub-cool the liquid up to -50 ° C in one step, which amounts to imposing on the entire exchange line design pressure that is greater than 60 bar in this description . This high pressure creates constraints on the exchanger whose passage section must be reduced, as well as the number of boxes for the entry or exit of fluid. The invention aims to reduce the pressure for which the main exchanger is designed, by relaxing the high pressure liquid (or "pseudo-condensed gas") upstream thereof. A gas phase can be generated. It must be recycled into the compressor at the highest possible pressure to reduce the energy penalty of this gas recirculation. The most natural option is to sub-cool the condensed C0 2 to 80bars before relaxing it to eliminate the gas phase thus generated. This can be done with part of the C0 2 subcooled, relaxed to about 40 bar, vaporized against the fluid at about 80 bar (this pressure can spread between 60 and 200 bar as indicated above) and recycled in the compressor at the level of the last compression stage.
La présente invention vise à protéger le fait qu'une simple détente, sans échangeur de sous-refroidissement est une solution pertinente, malgré le fort taux de vaporisation auquel on s'attend en détendant un liquide qui se trouve déjà au point de bulle. The present invention aims to protect the fact that a simple expansion, without subcooling exchanger is a relevant solution, despite the high rate of vaporization that is expected by relaxing a liquid that is already at the point of bubble.
Tous les pourcentages relatifs à des puretés sont des pourcentages molaires. All percentages for purities are molar percentages.
L'invention sera décrite en plus de détail en se référant à la figure qui représente un procédé selon l'invention. The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figure which represents a method according to the invention.
Dans la Figure 1 , un gaz d'alimentation 1 est un gaz riche en dioxyde de carbone, par exemple contenant 98% de dioxyde de carbone et 2% d'azote. Le gaz 1 est comprimé dans un compresseur C3 jusqu'à une pression de 43 bars. Ensuite il est comprimé jusqu'à 80 bars dans un compresseur C4. Le gaz à 80 bars est pseudo-condensé dans un condenseur E4 par échange de chaleur avec de l'eau ou de l'air, sans circuit intermédiaire d'ammoniac, pour produire un fluide supercritique 5. Ce fluide 5 est envoyé du condenseur E4 à la première pression de 80 bars sans être sous-refroidi pour arriver à la vanne 9. Le fluide 5 est détendu dans la vanne 9 jusqu'à une pression de 55 bars, qui est la deuxième pression, pour produire un fluide diphasique. Le fluide diphasique est envoyé à un séparateur de phases 22. Le liquide produit 10 est divisé en deux débits 1 1 , 13. Le liquide 13 est refroidi dans un échangeur E1 jusqu'au bout froid de celui-ci. Le liquide 13 est divisé en trois. Une partie 18 constitue la production liquide du procédé et est envoyée à un stockage à 7 bars. Une partie 7 est détendue à 12 bars (MP) sans produire de gaz, réchauffée dans l'échangeur E1 et envoyée en amont d'un compresseur C2. La partie restante est détendue dans une vanne 43 et envoyée à un séparateur de phases 35. La fraction gazeuse 37 formée dans le séparateur de phases et la fraction liquide 39 se réchauffent séparément dans l'échangeur E1 , qui est un échangeur à plaques en aluminium brasé. La fraction liquide se vaporise et est mélangée avec la fraction gazeuse, le mélange étant envoyé au compresseur C1 à la basse pression BP. Le débit comprimé dans le compresseur C1 est mélangé avec le débit 7 et comprimé dans le compresseur C2 avant d'être mélangé avec le gaz d'alimentation 1 et le débit 15. In Figure 1, a feed gas 1 is a gas rich in carbon dioxide, for example containing 98% carbon dioxide and 2% nitrogen. The gas 1 is compressed in a compressor C3 to a pressure of 43 bar. Then it is compressed to 80 bar in a C4 compressor. The gas at 80 bar is pseudo-condensed in a condenser E4 by heat exchange with water or air, without an intermediate circuit of ammonia, to produce a supercritical fluid 5. This fluid 5 is sent from the condenser E4 at the first pressure of 80 bar without being subcooled to arrive at the valve 9. The fluid 5 is expanded in the valve 9 to a pressure of 55 bars, which is the second pressure, to produce a two-phase fluid. The two-phase fluid is sent to a phase separator 22. The product liquid 10 is divided into two flow rates 1 1, 13. The liquid 13 is cooled in an exchanger E1 to the cold end thereof. The liquid 13 is divided into three. Part 18 constitutes the liquid production of the process and is sent to a storage at 7 bars. Part 7 is expanded to 12 bar (MP) without producing gas, reheated in the exchanger E1 and sent upstream of a compressor C2. The remaining part is expanded in a valve 43 and sent to a phase separator 35. The gas fraction 37 formed in the phase separator and the liquid fraction 39 heat up separately in the exchanger E1, which is an aluminum plate heat exchanger brazed. The liquid fraction vaporizes and is mixed with the gaseous fraction, the mixture being sent to the compressor C1 at the low pressure BP. The compressed flow rate in the compressor C1 is mixed with the flow rate 7 and compressed in the compressor C2 before being mixed with the feed gas 1 and the flow rate 15.
L'autre partie de liquide 1 1 provenant de la vanne 9 est refroidie jusqu'à une température intermédiaire de l'échangeur E1 . Ensuite la partie 15 est détendue de 55 bars jusqu'à 43 bars dans une vanne 19 sans production de gaz et réchauffée dans l'échangeur E1 avant d'être recyclée en aval du compresseur C2 et en amont du compresseur C3 à 43 bars. The other liquid portion 1 1 from the valve 9 is cooled to an intermediate temperature of the exchanger E1. Then the portion 15 is expanded from 55 bars to 43 bars in a valve 19 without producing gas and heated in the exchanger E1 before being recycled downstream of the compressor C2 and upstream of the compressor C3 at 43 bar.
Le gaz 26 du séparateur de phases 22 est renvoyé à l'entrée du compresseur The gas 26 of the phase separator 22 is returned to the inlet of the compressor
C4 sans être refroidi ou chauffé. C4 without being cooled or heated.
Les refroidisseurs entre les compresseurs C1 , C2, C3 et C4 n'ont pas été illustrés pour des raisons de simplification. The coolers between the compressors C1, C2, C3 and C4 have not been illustrated for reasons of simplification.
Aucun débit envoyé à l'échangeur E1 n'a une pression supérieure à 50 bars, voire supérieure à 60 bars. No flow sent to the exchanger E1 has a pressure greater than 50 bar, or even greater than 60 bar.
Dans les figures, HHP désigne « très haute pression », HP « haute pression », MP « moyenne pression » et BP « basse pression », les références étant citées en ordre en pression, du plus haut au plus bas. In the figures, HHP designates "very high pressure", HP "high pressure", MP "medium pressure" and BP "low pressure", the references being cited in order of pressure, from the highest to the lowest.
Les compresseurs C1 , C2, C3, C4 peuvent constituer des étages d'un ou deux compresseurs en série, éventuellement plus en parallèle. The compressors C1, C2, C3, C4 can constitute stages of one or two compressors in series, possibly more in parallel.
Dans les figures, la vaporisation du débit 7 dans le deuxième échangeur E1 n'est pas absolument essentielle mais permet d'améliorer l'efficacité de l'échange. In the figures, the vaporization of the flow rate 7 in the second exchanger E1 is not absolutely essential but makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the exchange.
De préférence la vaporisation du liquide de cycle s'effectue à autant de pressions qu'il y a d'étages C1 , C2, C3, C4 de compression, quatre pouvant être un optimum technico-économique, en effet, plus il y a d'étages et plus la ou les machines de compression sont onéreuses. Si la pression de sortie du compresseur C4 (la première pression) est subcritique, le gaz formé se condense dans l'échangeur E4 formant un liquide. Ce liquide est envoyé à la vanne 9 sans avoir été refroidi en aval de l'échangeur E4 et un fluide diphasique est produit à la deuxième pression. Preferably, the vaporization of the cycle liquid takes place at as many pressures as there are stages C1, C2, C3, C4 of compression, four being a technico-economic optimum, in fact, the more there are stages and more or the compression machines are expensive. If the outlet pressure of the compressor C4 (the first pressure) is subcritical, the gas formed condenses in the exchanger E4 forming a liquid. This liquid is sent to the valve 9 without being cooled downstream of the exchanger E4 and a two-phase fluid is produced at the second pressure.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1250902A FR2986311A1 (en) | 2012-01-31 | 2012-01-31 | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING OR PSEUDOCONDENSING A GAS |
| FR1250902 | 2012-01-31 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2013114020A2 true WO2013114020A2 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
| WO2013114020A3 WO2013114020A3 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2013/050110 Ceased WO2013114020A2 (en) | 2012-01-31 | 2013-01-17 | Method and device for condensing or pseudocondensing a gas |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR2986311A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013114020A2 (en) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008130359A1 (en) | 2007-04-24 | 2008-10-30 | Carrier Corporation | Refrigerant vapor compression system with dual economizer circuits |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6658890B1 (en) * | 2002-11-13 | 2003-12-09 | Conocophillips Company | Enhanced methane flash system for natural gas liquefaction |
| GB2416389B (en) * | 2004-07-16 | 2007-01-10 | Statoil Asa | LCD liquefaction process |
-
2012
- 2012-01-31 FR FR1250902A patent/FR2986311A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2013
- 2013-01-17 WO PCT/FR2013/050110 patent/WO2013114020A2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008130359A1 (en) | 2007-04-24 | 2008-10-30 | Carrier Corporation | Refrigerant vapor compression system with dual economizer circuits |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2013114020A3 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
| FR2986311A1 (en) | 2013-08-02 |
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