WO2013107006A1 - Garbage pyrolyzing and gasifying furnace - Google Patents

Description

 Waste pyrolysis gasification furnace

 The invention relates to a garbage waste treatment device, in particular to a pyrolysis gasification furnace for urban domestic garbage, medical hazardous waste, dried sludge, industrial solid waste and the like. Background technique

 With the development of society, people's awareness of environmental protection is increasing. Scientists from all over the world are working on the development of environmentally friendly and energy-saving technologies. Various solutions have also been proposed for the disposal and reuse of waste. The main treatment methods include incineration, composting and sanitary landfill. Among these three methods, incineration is the best way to achieve harmlessness, reduction and recycling of waste. The waste incineration treatment system is further divided into a direct incineration system and a pyrolysis incineration system according to the combustion mode. Due to the high pyrolysis temperature, the pyrolysis incineration system treats the pollutants in the flue gas after the waste combustion more fully and is more environmentally friendly.

 The inventor filed a Chinese invention patent application entitled "Medical Waste Incinerator" on July 1, 2005, which was issued on April 9, 2008. In this patent, the inventors have disclosed a garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace with a vertical sleeve structure. The main combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber adopt a coaxial sleeve design, and fully utilize the convection and conduction of thermal energy. Radiation to increase the temperature of the second combustion chamber, without the need to add auxiliary fuel to assist combustion, that is, the temperature of the second combustion chamber can reach the standard, and the residence time of the flue gas is above 9O0 °C for more than 2 seconds, which greatly reduces the running cost.

 In the course of the implementation of the above invention, the inventors have been exploring how to further improve the utilization efficiency of the combustion heat energy of the main combustion chamber, and further ensure that the combustion of the flue gas is more complete and reaches a state of complete combustion, so as to more thoroughly go to the flue gas. Harmful Substance. Summary of the invention

 In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace which can improve the utilization efficiency of the combustion heat energy of the main combustion chamber of the pyrolysis gasification furnace and further ensure the combustion of the flue gas more fully.

The garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace according to the present invention comprises a cylindrical main combustion chamber, a top of the main combustion chamber is provided with a feed port for discharging waste waste, and a bottom of the main combustion chamber is provided with a grate for removing waste residue and feeding air. The main combustion chamber has a furnace wall for heat storage and heat transfer, and the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace further comprises a flue gas combustion passage disposed along the circumference of the main combustion chamber, and a part of the inner surface of the flue gas combustion chamber is outside the furnace wall of the main combustion chamber Surface composition, the thermal energy of the main combustion chamber and the flue gas combustion chamber can be mutually transmitted through the main combustion chamber wall, the flue gas combustion chamber The utility model comprises a smoke inlet, a flue gas combustion passage and a smoke exhaust port, wherein the smoke inlet is arranged at an upper part of the main combustion chamber wall, and the flue gas combustion passage comprises a first part of the flue gas combustion passage and a second part of the flue gas combustion passage, the main combustion chamber The formed flue gas passes through the first portion of the flue gas combustion passage and the second portion of the flue gas combustion passage through the inlet, and is discharged from the exhaust port of the flue gas combustion chamber, and the cross-sectional area of the first portion of the flue gas combustion passage is smaller than the flue gas. The cross-sectional area of the second portion of the combustion passage.

 In the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace of the present invention, since the main combustion chamber has a furnace wall for heat storage and heat transfer, and a part of the inner surface of the combustion chamber of the flue gas is composed of the outer surface of the furnace wall of the main combustion chamber, the main combustion chamber and the smoke The heat energy between the gas combustion passages can conduct to each other, and at the same time, the two combustion chambers function as heat radiation, thereby ensuring that the main combustion chamber and the flue gas combustion passage can maintain sufficient combustion temperature without adding any auxiliary fuel; At the same time, since the cross-sectional area of the first portion of the flue gas combustion passage is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the second portion of the flue gas combustion passage, the flow rate of the flue gas formed by the main combustion chamber is relatively slow, when the flue gas flows past the first portion of the flue gas combustion passage, As the cross-sectional area decreases, the flue gas flow rate becomes faster, and when it flows through the second portion of the flue gas combustion passage, the flue gas flow rate becomes faster and slower due to the increased cross-sectional area. In this way, the flow rate of the flue gas changes through three states: slow-fast-slow, which ensures that the flue gas is burned more fully, so that the harmful substances in the flue gas are more thoroughly removed. DRAWINGS

 In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the present invention. For some embodiments, other drawings may be obtained from those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the drawings.

 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a partially sectioned refuse pyrolysis gasification system employing an embodiment of a waste pyrolysis gasifier of the present invention.

 Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a waste pyrolysis gasification furnace 200.

 Figure 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the embodiment of Figure 2 taken along line AB of Figure 2.

 Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a flue gas combustion passage spirally disposed along the outer circumference of the main combustion chamber. Fig. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the pyrolysis gasification furnace of the present invention.

 Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the pyrolysis gasification furnace of the present invention. detailed description

Reference below BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a partially sectioned refuse pyrolysis gasification system employing an embodiment of a waste pyrolysis gasifier of the present invention. The waste pyrolysis gasification system 10 includes a blanking device 100, a garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace 200, a rotary grate 300, a slagging device 400, a drive and control device 500, and a blower device (not shown). The unloading device 100 feeds the garbage waste into the interior of the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace 200 through the feed port 201 provided above the garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace 200. The rotary grate 300 is disposed at a lower portion of the waste pyrolysis gasification furnace 200 for discharging the slag generated after the pyrolysis of the waste into the slag removal device 400, and the slag removal device 400 discharges the slag to the waste pyrolysis gasification furnace 200 for subsequent Processing program. A blower (not shown) is used to deliver external air to the waste pyrolysis gasifier 200 to provide sufficient oxygen for combustion use. Additionally, the waste pyrolysis gasification system 10 further includes a drive and control device 500 for driving and controlling the various components of the waste pyrolysis gasification system. The present invention is directed to the modification of the waste pyrolysis gasification furnace 200. The blanking device 100, the rotary grate 300, the slagging device 400, the driving and control device 500, the air blowing device, and the like can employ various existing structures of the present invention. . In addition, FIG. 1 only exemplarily shows the main structure of the garbage pyrolysis gasification system, and the details thereof are not limited thereto.

 Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a waste pyrolysis gasification furnace 200. Figure 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the embodiment of Figure 2 taken along line AB of Figure 2. In this embodiment, the waste pyrolysis gasification furnace 200 includes a cylindrical main combustion chamber 210 and a flue gas combustion chamber 220 disposed along the circumference of the main combustion chamber.

 The main combustion chamber 210 is used for pyrolysis gasification of various solid waste wastes. The flue gas combustion chamber 220 is used to further decompose and decompose the flue gas containing various vaporized wastes from the main combustion chamber. The flue gas removed from the flue gas combustor 220 will be used for subsequent processing, including thermal power generation, flue gas purification, and the like.

 The main burner top 210 is provided with a feed port 201 for dispensing waste. A rotary grate 300 for removing waste and feeding air is installed at the bottom of the main combustion chamber 210. The furnace wall 205 of the main combustion chamber is composed of a material having a good heat storage and heat transfer property, and can accumulate and conduct heat generated when the waste waste is burned in the main combustion chamber. In a preferred embodiment, the furnace wall 205 is constructed of high temperature refractory bricks, such as high alumina bricks.

The flue gas combustion chamber 220 is disposed around the cylindrical main combustion chamber 210 such that a portion of the inner surface of the flue gas combustion chamber 220 is formed by the outer surface of the furnace wall 205 of the main combustion chamber. In this way, the furnace wall 205 capable of regenerative heat transfer can accumulate and transfer the heat generated by the pyrolysis of the main combustion chamber to the flue gas combustion chamber 220, and can also generate high-temperature energy generated by the combustion of the flue gas in the flue gas combustion chamber 220. Accumulated and conducted back to the main combustion chamber 210 to provide thermal energy for subsequent waste disposal. Thus, the furnace wall 205 effectively communicates the two thermodynamic spaces of the main combustion chamber 210 and the flue gas combustion chamber 220 to maximize the utilization of energy generated in the waste waste treatment. Use the pyrolysis gasifier designed as above in the garbage after the initial oven It is no longer necessary to add any auxiliary fuel in the process, and rely on the energy generated by the pyrolysis of the waste waste to increase the stable energy source for the subsequently treated garbage.

 The flue gas combustion chamber 220 includes a smoke inlet 221, a flue gas combustion passage 230, and a smoke exhaust port 222. In the present embodiment, the outer wall of the flue gas combustion chamber 220 forms a cylinder coaxial with the main combustion chamber 210. An axially extending partition 235 and a partition 236 are disposed between the main combustion chamber 210 and the flue gas combustion chamber 220 to form a sector-shaped compartment as shown in FIG. 2 to form a first portion 231 of the flue gas combustion passage 230 and The second part 232. The partition 235 and the partition 236 are closed to the top plate 250 of the pyrolysis gasification furnace and are not closed from the bottom plate 260, so that the first portion 231 and the lower portion of the second portion 232 are in communication. The smoke inlet 221 is disposed at an upper portion of the main combustion chamber wall 205 and communicates with the first portion 231. The smoke exhaust port 222 of the flue gas combustion chamber may be disposed flush with or above the smoke inlet, but in communication with the second portion 232. In the illustrated embodiment, the flue gas combustion chamber The smoke exhaust port 222 is disposed at the top of the flue gas combustion chamber 220. Accordingly, the first portion 231 of the flue gas combustion passage extends downwardly from the inlet 221 to the lower portion of the compartment, and the second portion 232 of the flue gas passage extends upwardly from the lower portion of the compartment to the vent 222. The flue gas formed by the main combustion chamber passes through the flue gas combustion passage first portion 231 and the flue gas combustion passage second portion 232 through the flue gas inlet 221, and is discharged from the flue gas exhaust port 222 of the flue gas combustion passage.

 As shown, the cross-sectional area of the first portion 231 of the flue gas combustion passage is less than the cross-sectional area 232 of the second portion of the flue gas combustion passage. Since the cross-sectional area of the first portion of the flue gas combustion passage is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the second portion of the flue gas combustion passage, the flow rate of the flue gas formed by the main combustion chamber is slower, when the flue gas flows past the first portion of the flue gas combustion passage, due to the cross section As the area decreases, the flue gas flow rate becomes faster, and when it flows through the second part of the flue gas combustion passage, the flue gas flow rate becomes faster and slower due to the increased cross-sectional area. In this way, the change of the flue gas flow rate through the three states of slow-fast-slow can ensure that the flue gas is burned more fully, so that the harmful substances in the flue gas are more thoroughly removed.

 The outer wall 237 of the flue gas combustion chamber completely encloses the main combustion chamber 210, and the furnace wall 205 of the main combustion chamber is not exposed to the air. The outer wall 237 of the flue gas combustion chamber includes an insulating material to prevent heat loss.

The longer the smoke stays in the flue gas combustion chamber, the more complete the combustion, and the more thorough the harmful components such as dioxins are removed. Thus, in the embodiment illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, the flue gas combustion passage 230 includes a descending first portion 231 and an upward second portion 232. Its total length is approximately equal to twice the vertical height of the main combustion chamber. However, as long as the path length of the flue gas flow between the inlet to the exhaust port is sufficiently long, such as at least greater than the vertical height of the main combustion chamber, the arrangement of the flue gas combustion passage is not limited to a straight line. 4 shows a flue gas combustion passage spirally disposed along the outer circumference of the main combustion chamber 210, wherein the smaller the helix angle, the longer the length of the flue gas combustion passage, and the more the path of the flue gas flow Long.

 Although only one flue gas combustion passage is shown in the embodiments shown in Figures 2-3 and 4, in the present invention, the flue gas combustion chamber may include a plurality of flue gas combustion passages. Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the pyrolysis gasification furnace of the present invention, wherein four (and of course more) are disposed between the flue gas combustion outdoor wall and the main combustion chamber wall. An axially extending partition, thereby forming four compartments having a sectoral shape (two large and two small in area), wherein the areas of the two sectors are equal. The lower portions of the compartments are connected, and each compartment is provided with a corresponding inlet or exhaust vent, thereby forming two first portions of the flue gas combustion passage extending from the inlet to the lower portion of the compartment. And two portions of the flue gas combustion passage having a larger cross-sectional area extending from the lower portion of the compartment to the exhaust vent, forming two flue gas combustion passages.

 Although the outer wall of the flue gas combustion chamber may be cylindrical, it may have other shapes, as shown in Fig. 6, in the same manner as the other parts of the embodiment of Fig. 5, in order to ensure the cross section of the second portion of the flue gas combustion passage. The area is large enough to increase the diameter of the outer sector of the sector, so that the outer wall of the flue gas combustion chamber has lugs instead of a uniform cylinder.

 In order to fully ensure the mutual conduction and utilization of energy between the main combustion chamber and the flue gas combustion chamber, it is preferred that the flue gas combustion chamber completely surrounds the main combustion chamber so that the furnace wall of the main combustion chamber is not exposed to the air, thereby The heat storage and heat transfer of the furnace wall of the main combustion chamber can be fully utilized, as shown in the various embodiments of the drawings.

 In addition, a plurality of air blowing holes may be provided in the flue gas combustion passage, such as the air blowing holes 237, 238 shown in Fig. 2. The air vents may include a plurality of air streams that are arranged to be blown in a direction perpendicular to the path of the smoke flow to form a uniform hook. When the flue gas flows through the air blowing holes, it mixes with the fresh air flowing in through the air blowing holes to further fully burn, so that the harmful substances in the flue gas are completely decomposed. The number and specific position of the above air blowing holes are not limited to those shown in the drawings, and those skilled in the art can calculate the specific conditions such as the amount of waste disposal, the size of the pyrolysis gasifier, and the like.

 The above is only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention. It should be covered by the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

Rights request A garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace comprising a cylindrical main combustion chamber, a top of the main combustion chamber is provided with a feed port for discharging waste waste, and a bottom portion of the main combustion chamber is installed for removing waste residue and feeding a grate of air, characterized in that: the main combustion chamber has a furnace wall for heat storage and heat transfer, and the garbage pyrolysis gas furnace further comprises a flue gas combustion passage disposed along a circumference of the main combustion chamber, the flue gas combustion chamber A part of the inner surface is composed of the outer surface of the furnace wall of the main combustion chamber, and the thermal energy of the main combustion chamber and the flue gas combustion chamber can be mutually transmitted through the main combustion chamber wall, the flue gas combustion chamber including the inlet and the flue gas combustion a passage and a smoke outlet, the inlet is disposed at an upper portion of the main combustion chamber wall, and the flue gas combustion passage includes a first portion of the flue gas combustion passage and a second portion of the flue gas combustion passage, and the flue gas formed by the main combustion chamber passes through the inlet Passing through the first portion of the flue gas combustion passage and the second portion of the flue gas combustion passage, and discharging from the exhaust port of the flue gas combustion chamber, the cross-sectional area of the first portion of the flue gas combustion passage is smaller than Flue gas combustion passage Cross-section area.  2. The garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein a length of a path of the flue gas flow between the air inlet and the exhaust port is at least greater than a vertical length of the main combustion chamber Straight height.  The garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flue gas combustion passage is spirally disposed along an outer surface of the main combustion chamber.  The waste pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the smoke exhaust port of the flue gas combustion chamber is flush with the smoke inlet or above the smoke inlet, The flue gas combustion passage is linearly disposed along an outer surface of the main combustion chamber, wherein the first portion extends downward from the inlet port to a lower portion of the outer surface of the main combustion chamber wall, and the second portion communicating with the first portion is from the main combustion The lower portion of the outer surface of the chamber wall extends upwardly to the exhaust vent of the flue gas combustion chamber.  The garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of air blowing holes are provided in the flue gas combustion passage, and the air is blown in a direction perpendicular to the flow path of the flue gas And the formation of a uniform air flow.  The garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of flue gas combustion passages are plural.  7. The refuse pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the flue gas combustion chamber completely surrounds the main combustion chamber, and the furnace wall of the main combustion chamber is not exposed to the air. 8. The waste pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 7, wherein the outer wall of the flue gas combustion chamber comprises a heat insulating material. 9. The garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 8, wherein an outer wall of the flue gas combustion chamber forms a cylinder coaxial with the main combustion chamber, and a smoke exhaust port of the flue gas combustion chamber The inlet is flush or located above the inlet, and a plurality of partitions extending axially are disposed between the outer wall and the main combustion chamber wall to form a plurality of sectors having a fan shape a compartment, a lower portion of the plurality of compartments communicating, each chamber including a corresponding inlet or exhaust vent, thereby forming a first portion of the flue gas combustion passage extending downward from the inlet to the lower portion of the compartment The lower part of the chamber extends upward to the second part of the flue gas combustion passage of the exhaust vent.  The garbage pyrolysis gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the furnace wall of the main combustion chamber is made of high-temperature refractory stone t.