WO2013184032A1 - Heat exchange device with tubular elements for use in heating systems - Google Patents

Description

 HEAT EXCHANGE DEVICE OF HEAT UNITS

 WITH TUBULAR ELEMENTS

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of heat engineering and can be used in heaters, boilers, furnaces operating on various types of fuel (solid fuel, gas, fuel oil), where the working medium can be gas or liquid, with convective and forced movement. In addition, the invention can be used in chimneys, flues and various industrial units, as well as in technological heat exchangers for cooling hot solutions with cold water or another agent supplied to the pipe elements through collectors.

 Tubular elements are the main part of heat exchangers of various kinds of heaters and furnaces, which are located in the housings or in the tube sheets of these devices. In this case, the input and output of the heated or cooled medium is provided through the full section of the tubular element. To ensure reliability and tightness of the connection, the installation of a tubular element in a thermal unit is a complex, time-consuming process. One of the operations of this process is the rolling of pipes in the tube sheet, which is quite difficult to perform in the places where the pipes pass through the body of the thermal unit.

State of the art

Known heater furnace (patent RU 44168 Ul F24B7 / 00, F24B7 / 02, publ. 02.27.2004), the heat exchange device of which contains five tubular ducts located on the inner side surface of the housing and brought open ends through the flat base of the housing , from the bottom to the outside, and in the upper part to the space under the removable housing cover. A drawback of the design of the furnace-heater is the difficulty of manufacturing the upper and lower bases of the furnace with openings for the exit of pipes with an open section.

Known furnace heater (patent RU 2035009 C I F24B7 / 02, publ. 07/27/2006), made in the form of an octagonal prism, containing two walls with tubular elements. The tubular elements are arranged in a row on two trihedral mirrored walls corresponding to the edges of the side surface of the prism, and in two walls corresponding to the remaining faces, grooves are made to accommodate the tubular elements. The tubular elements are made of rolled standard or special profile in the form of pipe segments joined together, and the open side fixed to the walls. The tubular elements can be made in the form of a corrugated sheet that is fixed to the wall or in the form of a ribbed sheet, which from the side of open ribs is fixed to the walls.

 The disadvantage of this heater stove is the difficulty of making grooves (holes) in the upper and lower walls. In addition, the use of corrugated elements for the furnace body is inferior to pipe elements due to the smaller heat transfer surface, the difficulty of manufacturing a corrugated sheet of the required quality, for example, heat-resistant and heat-resistant.

All of the above disadvantages are also present in all known Bullerian furnaces (manufactured in Canada).

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a stove air heater (patent RU 8778 U l F24B5 / 06, publ. 16.12.1998), comprising a housing of air-conducting pipes, a rear wall with a pipe and a rotary damper for the exit of flue gases, the front wall with a window for loading fuel, which is closed by a door and a shutter for air intake, the bottom with a grate. Air-conducting the pipes forming the casing are arcuate and connected in series to a monolithic block. At the same time, the lower ends of the pipes are open, and in the upper part, from the outside, along the vertices of the arcs, with the exception of the pipe closest to the front wall, grooves are made for the exit of heated air.

 The specified air heater has the following disadvantages:

 - insufficient efficiency, since the pipes are installed close to each other, forming the furnace body, while the outer parts of the pipes forming the body are outside the nafev zone, as a result of which the heat exchange surface of the back of the pipes is reduced;

 - high material consumption, since the air-conducting pipes forming the casing are connected in series in a monolithic block, that is, the air heater contains a large number of pipes installed closely;

 - the complexity of manufacturing, since the outer side of the tube block is welded with steel strips between each pair of pipes, which creates many welds;

 - the complexity of manufacturing the lower base of the heater in the place of its connection with the pipe block while ensuring a complete cross section of the lower ends of the pipes.

Disclosure of invention

 An object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchange device with tubular elements with an enlarged heat exchange surface, easy to manufacture and with the possibility of installing different types of heat units.

The problem is solved by the fact that the design of the heat exchange device of heat units with tubular elements is more effective than the known heat exchange devices, it is easier to manufacture and, thanks to the design features, have a wide scope. Two principles of the device are taken as a basis: 1. Inlet and outlet of the working medium into the tubular element is carried out through common openings made in the walls of the housing and in the walls of the tubular element, while the inlet and outlet openings can be one or several, and the openings can be of different configurations. walkie-talkies section. This allows you to distribute the heated air over a certain area.

 Tubular elements with a large number of slotted holes made along the entire length of the tubular element can serve as an analogue of a corrugated surface, but with a much larger heat exchange surface area. The supply of the working medium to the tubular element and its removal from it are made through openings, the area of each of which is less than the cross-sectional area of the tubular element.

 Based on the practice and the calculations made: even with convective movement of the heated medium in the heating unit, the area of each hole for supplying and discharging the heated or cooled medium (inlet and outlet openings) can be smaller than the cross-sectional area of the tubular element, which greatly simplifies making these holes. For this, tubular elements are installed inside the thermal unit close to the walls of its casing, and in the places where the tubular elements adjoin the thermal unit casing, through holes for supplying and discharging the working medium are made in the walls of the casing and in the tubular elements, the area of each of which less than the cross-sectional area of the tubular element. At the same time, the joints of the holes are sealed with respect to the heat zone of the unit, and the tubular elements are plugged at the ends. Leak tightness of the joints of the holes can be ensured by means of a weld or fasteners.

EFFECT: simplicity of manufacture and expansion of functional capabilities with ensuring heat exchange efficiency.

To achieve the specified technical result in a heat exchanger of thermal units containing tubular elements, the last The installation is installed inside the thermal unit close to the walls of its body, while the ends of the tubular elements are muffled, and at the places of contact of the tubular element with the body, at least two through holes are made for supplying and discharging the working medium, the joints of which They are sealed, while the area of each hole is less than the cross-sectional area of the tubular element.

 In this case, the sections of tubular elements can be of various configurations, for example, round, square, rectangular, drop-shaped.

 The tubular elements can be sealed from the ends by separate plugs, or by a common plate, or by the walls of the tubular element pressed and welded from the ends, and / or the walls of the casing of the thermal unit.

 The openings for supplying and discharging a heated or cooled medium can be of various configurations, for example, round, rectangular, slit-shaped, depending on the type, purpose of the thermal unit and the technology of its manufacture.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a tubular element with fastening to the housing of a heat unit; in FIG. 2 is a diagram of a possible arrangement of tubular elements of various configurations of their cross-section in a heating furnace; in FIG. 3 - shows a layout of tubular elements, for example, in a chimney or in a heat pipe, of various cross-sectional configurations; in FIG. 4 shows a vertical section of a heating furnace (an example of the practical use of the proposed heat exchange device).

The best embodiment of the invention

The heat exchanger device comprises tubular elements 1 installed in the heat zone of the unit with the sides close to the walls of the housing 3 (Fig. 1), while the ends of the tubular elements are plugged. Tubcha These elements can be of various cross-sectional configurations (Fig. 2), for example, round, square, rectangular, drop-shaped, etc.

 Depending on the design of the thermal unit, the tubular elements 1 can be plugged at the ends with separate plugs 2 (Fig. 1), made, for example, in the form of a plate, or a group of tubular elements can be plugged with a common plate 7 (Fig. 4) and / or elements 6 of the housing of the thermal unit (Fig. 4), in particular the inclined bottom of the furnace. In addition, the tubular elements can be plugged from the ends by squeezing the walls of the tubular element with subsequent welding.

 In the housing 3 and in the tubular elements 1, in places of their contact with the housing 3 of the heat unit, holes are made for supplying 4 and exhaust 5 of the heated or cooled medium (inlet and outlet openings) (Fig. 1, Fig. 4). The openings for the inlet 4 and the outlet 5 of the heated / cooled (working) medium can be one or several with a common cross-section according to the hydraulic calculation of the motion of the medium. Holes 4, 5 can be made of various configurations, for example, round, rectangular, slit-like, etc., depending on the type, purpose of the thermal unit and the technology of its manufacture. The joints of the holes 4, 5 for tightness are welded with a common weld (Fig. 1). The tightness of the holes with respect to the heat zone of the unit can also be ensured by means of fasteners. The fastening of the tubular element 1 to the casing 3 of the thermal unit in the region of the openings for the inlet 4 and the outlet 5 by welding or another method of connection ensures the sealing of the openings from the ingress of a high-temperature medium from the thermal unit into the tubular element. The area of each hole 4 or 5 may be smaller or larger than the cross-sectional area of the tubular element 1.

The tubular elements 1 of the heat exchanger are welded only at the joints of the holes 4, 5 and are spaced from each other at a minimum distance, which allows for thermal conductivity over the entire circumference of the cross section of the tubular element. This design of the heat exchanger is easy to manufacture and has a significantly larger heat transfer surface compared to peers.

 The hole in the casing 3 is larger than the area of the hole in the tubular element 1 by the size of the weld, allows welding outside the casing 3 (Fig. 1).

 The tubular elements 1 can be mounted close to the wall of the housing 3 parallel to each other along the perimeter of the cross section of the thermal unit or in another order, depending on the design of the thermal unit. Figure 2, for example, shows the layout of the tubular elements 1 of various configurations along the cross section of the heating furnace. In FIG. 3 shows the layout of the tubular elements 1 of various sections, for example, in a chimney or in a flame tube of a thermal unit.

 The openings for the inlet 4 and outlet 5 of the heated (cooled) medium can be combined by separate collectors 8 (Fig. 4) with flow control.

 In FIG. 4 shows an example of the use of the proposed design of a heat exchange device in a heating furnace. A cross section of the furnace shows two rows of tubular elements 1 located along the side walls of the furnace. The tubular elements 1 are muffled from below by an element 6 of the housing 3, namely, the inclined bottom of the furnace. On top of the tubular elements 1 are sealed with common plates 7.

 Heated air enters through the collectors 8 (Fig. 4) through the lower openings of the furnace bottom into tubular elements 1, through which the convective flow rises and exits through openings 5 in the upper part of the furnace body (the air flow direction in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 is shown arrows).

Since the composition of the proposed heat exchange device can be used tubular products of various configurations of the cross section, it can be used in those thermal units, the installation of which is not possible to use the method of rolling pipes.

 Due to the fact that the ends of the tubular elements of the proposed heat-exchange device are muffled, there is no need to make holes of the full cross-section of the pipe when docking them with the housing, which reduces the complexity of manufacturing during installation of the heat unit.

 In the case of using common openings for supplying and discharging the working medium made in tubular elements and in the housing of the thermal unit with a smaller area than the cross-sectional area of the tubular element, the heated air is distributed over the maximum area and the speed of the working medium increases, which ensures increased efficiency. In addition, making holes in various cross-sectional configurations also provides heat exchange efficiency.

 Installing tubular elements inside a thermal unit close to the walls of its housing and fixing tubular elements only at the junction of the holes provides ease of manufacture with reduced labor costs, cost reduction, and also provides the possibility of its installation in thermal units for various purposes, i.e. expands functionality.

Claims

CLAIM  1. A heat exchanger device of thermal units containing tubular elements, characterized in that the tubular elements are installed inside the thermal unit close to the walls of its body, while the ends of the tubular elements are muffled, and at least in contact with the tubular element two through holes for supplying and discharging the working medium, the joints of which are sealed, while the area of each hole is less than the cross-sectional area of the tubular element.  2. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular elements in cross section can be of various configurations, for example, round, square, rectangular, drop-shaped.  3. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular elements are plugged from the ends or to individual plugs, or to a common plate, or to the walls of the tubular element pressed and welded from the ends, and / or the walls of the housing of the thermal unit.  4. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, characterized in that the openings for supplying and discharging the heated or cooled medium can be of various configurations, for example, round, rectangular, slit-shaped, depending on the type, purpose of the thermal unit and its manufacturing technology tovleniya.  5. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tightness of the joints of the holes is ensured by means of a weld.  6. The heat exchange device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tightness of the junction of the holes is ensured by means of fasteners.