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WO2013168904A1 - Reaction turbine - Google Patents

Reaction turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013168904A1
WO2013168904A1 PCT/KR2013/003264 KR2013003264W WO2013168904A1 WO 2013168904 A1 WO2013168904 A1 WO 2013168904A1 KR 2013003264 W KR2013003264 W KR 2013003264W WO 2013168904 A1 WO2013168904 A1 WO 2013168904A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
rotor
flow path
working fluid
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/KR2013/003264
Other languages
French (fr)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
장영일
하용식
김정훈
김기태
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HK TURBINE CO Ltd
Original Assignee
HK TURBINE CO Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HK TURBINE CO Ltd filed Critical HK TURBINE CO Ltd
Priority to US14/399,573 priority Critical patent/US20150139781A1/en
Publication of WO2013168904A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013168904A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/18—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines without stationary working-fluid guiding means
    • F01D1/20—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines without stationary working-fluid guiding means traversed by the working-fluid substantially axially
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/32—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with pressure velocity transformation exclusively in rotor, e.g. the rotor rotating under the influence of jets issuing from the rotor, e.g. Heron turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/34—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines characterised by non-bladed rotor, e.g. with drilled holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reaction turbine, and more particularly to a reaction turbine that generates a rotational force by using the reaction force when the injection of a working fluid, such as steam, gas or compressed air.
  • a working fluid such as steam, gas or compressed air.
  • a steam turbine is a type of prime mover that converts thermal energy of steam into mechanical work.
  • the steam turbine hits a turbine blade which rotates a high velocity steam stream, which is ejected and expanded from a nozzle or a fixed blade by high temperature and high pressure steam generated in a boiler, and rotates the turbine shaft by impulse or reaction. Therefore, the steam turbine is constructed based on a nozzle for converting thermal energy of steam into velocity energy and a turbine blade for converting velocity energy into mechanical work.
  • the steam turbine includes an impulse turbine which drives the turbine blades with only impulse force, and a reaction turbine or reaction turbine which is driven by reaction force.
  • Korean Patent No. 10-1052253 describes a reaction turbine, in which two or more injection rotary parts communicate with each other and are arranged in multiple stages along a radial direction, and an injection action of a fluid injected through an injection flow path of each injection rotary part. It is configured to rotate in reaction to.
  • the capacity of the turbine is to be changed, there is a problem in that it is difficult to share each component such as the injection rotating part.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a reaction turbine capable of sharing components, enabling turbines of various capacities, and improving turbine performance by minimizing pressure loss during the flow of working fluid.
  • the inlet and the housing outlet is formed, the housing flow path for communicating between the housing inlet and the housing outlet so that the high-pressure working fluid flowing into the housing inlet can move in the direction of the housing outlet
  • the formed housing a rotating shaft penetrating the housing and rotatably coupled to the housing, integrally coupled with the rotating shaft in the housing flow path, and injecting a working fluid introduced in the axial direction from the center side to the outer circumferential side; It includes a rotor for rotating the rotating shaft, the rotor is made by combining the two first and second rotor plates in the axial direction, the first and second euros are formed on the surface facing each other in the first and second rotor plates, respectively
  • the first and second flow paths are combined to form an internal flow path for guiding a working fluid.
  • a reaction turbine includes a housing inlet and a housing outlet, and communicates between the housing inlet and the housing outlet such that a high pressure working fluid flowing into the housing inlet can move in the direction of the housing outlet.
  • a housing having a housing flow path formed therein, a rotating shaft penetrating the housing and rotatably coupled to the housing, and integrally coupled with the rotating shaft in the housing flow path and injecting a working fluid introduced in the axial direction from the center side to the outer circumferential side
  • a rotor for rotating the rotary shaft according to the present invention, wherein the rotor is formed by coupling two first and second rotor plates in an axial direction, and a working fluid is provided on a surface of the second rotor plate toward the first rotor plate.
  • An inner flow path is formed to guide the first rotor plate and the inner flow path is formed. It is formed to cover the front of the.
  • the reaction turbine includes a housing inlet and a housing outlet, and a space between the housing inlet and the housing outlet so that a high-pressure working fluid flowing into the housing inlet can move in the direction of the housing outlet.
  • a housing having a housing flow path communicating therewith, a rotation shaft penetrating the housing and rotatably coupled to the housing, and a plurality of rotors stacked in multiple stages along the axial direction within the housing flow path and integrally coupled to the rotation shaft.
  • a rotor assembly configured to rotate the rotating shaft by injecting the working fluid introduced in the axial direction from the center side of each rotor to the outer circumferential side, wherein each rotor is integrally coupled with two rotor plates in the axial direction.
  • a symmetrical first and second flow path is formed in each of the first and second flow path haphaejyeo form a single inner channel.
  • the rotors are integrally formed by coupling two first and second rotor plates to each other, and the inner flow paths are formed in the first and second flow paths formed on the surfaces of the first and second rotor plates facing each other. Since the sum is made, the restriction on the cross-sectional shape of the inner flow path is removed, so that the designer can easily manufacture the desired shape.
  • the cross sections of the first and second flow paths may be manufactured in a semicircular shape, and the inner flow path in which the first and second flow paths are combined may be circular, the pressure loss of the working fluid passing through the inner flow path may be reduced. This is minimized and there is an effect that can improve the performance of the turbine.
  • the forming operation and time of the inner flow path can be shortened.
  • the cross section of the inner flow path may be formed in a semicircular shape to reduce the pressure loss of the working fluid.
  • each cross section of the first and second flow paths formed on the first and second rotor plates respectively has a semicircular shape, and the first and second flow paths are formed to have an involute curve shape, so that the flow path of the working fluid is more gentle. Therefore, since the pressure loss caused by the flow path change can be minimized, the performance of the turbine can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a reaction turbine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the first rotor plate according to FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the first and second rotor plates according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the first and second rotor plates according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line D-D in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a first rotor plate according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line E-E in FIG.
  • reaction turbine 1 is a cross-sectional view of a reaction turbine 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the reaction turbine 1 generates a rotating force using a working fluid containing high pressure steam, gas or compressed air.
  • the working fluid includes high pressure steam or gas or compressed air.
  • the working fluid is described as an example of steam.
  • the reaction turbine 1, the rotating shaft 20 is rotatably coupled to the housing 10, at least one rotor 100 is disposed on the rotating shaft 20 is stacked along the axial direction.
  • the housing 10 has an inlet housing 15 in which a housing inlet 10a is formed so that high pressure steam, which is a working fluid, and an inflated low pressure are arranged at predetermined intervals on the other side of the inlet housing 15. Is provided between the outlet side housing 16 and the inlet side housing 15 and the outlet side housing 16 having a housing outlet 10b through which steam of the air is discharged into the atmosphere or discharged for recirculation. It consists of intermediate housings 11, 12, 13, 14 forming the housing flow path 10c so that 100 can rotate.
  • the housing inlet 10a may be made of at least one, and in this embodiment, one is formed and described as an example.
  • the housing outlet 10b may be formed of at least one, and in this embodiment, one is formed and described as an example.
  • the intermediate housings 11, 12, 13, 14 may have a number corresponding to the number of the rotors 100.
  • four rotor housings 11, 12, 13, and 14 are described along the axial direction, for example, because four rotors 100 are described below.
  • Separation plates to form the housing flow path 10c together with the intermediate housings 11, 12, 13, 14 on each side of the four intermediate housings 11, 12, 13, 14. Fields 30 are each provided.
  • the separating plate 30 is formed in a disc shape and a through hole is formed in the center so that the first rotor plate 111 to be described later is rotatably inserted.
  • a sealing member 40 is inserted between the separator 30 and the rotor plate 111 to prevent leakage of steam.
  • the sealing member 40 will be described in detail later.
  • the sealing member 40 is formed in a ring shape, and is coupled to the separation plate 30 in the axial direction.
  • the sealing member 40 is fitted to the inner circumferential surface of the separation plate 30 in the axial direction, and then fixedly installed by a fastening member such as a bolt.
  • the sealing member 40 is a lever seal formed in a shape in which a contact surface with the first rotor plate 211 is minimized to facilitate rotation of the first rotor plate 211 to be described later.
  • the inlet housing 15 and the outlet housing 16 are each provided with a bearing module through which the rotating shaft 20 penetrates the housing 10, and the rotating shaft 20 is provided in the bearing module.
  • a bearing 21 for supporting is provided.
  • a mechanical seal 22 is provided respectively to prevent the working fluid in the inlet housing 15 and the outlet housing 16 from leaking to the bearing module side.
  • the bearing module is installed between the shaft rod device 22 and the bearing 21, and a labyrinth for preventing the working fluid leaking from the shaft rod device 22 from flowing into the bearing 21.
  • a sealing member 24 having a seal structure is provided.
  • the rotor 200 is integrally coupled with the rotary shaft 20, and rotates the rotary shaft 20 as the steam injected in the axial direction from the center side to the outer peripheral side.
  • the rotor 2200 may have a variable capacity of the turbine depending on the number of coupling to the rotation shaft 20. That is, when the capacity of the turbine is small, the number of the rotor 200 may be configured to be small, and when the capacity of the turbine is large, the number of the rotor 200 may be configured to be large.
  • a plurality of rotors 200 are stacked in a plurality of stages along the axial direction in the housing flow path 10c, and steam injected from the rotor of the front end to the outer circumferential side through the housing flow path 10c toward the center of the rotor of the rear end. Inflow.
  • the rotor 1200 is described as an example consisting of four first, second, third, fourth stage rotors 210, 220, 230, 240.
  • the four first, second, third and fourth rotors 210, 220, 230, and 240 are disposed along the axial direction.
  • the four first, second, third and fourth rotors 210, 220, 230, and 240 are integrally formed by combining two first and second rotor plates 211 and 212 in an axial direction.
  • the four first, second, third and fourth rotors 210, 220, 230, and 240 are composed of two first and second rotor plates 211 and 212, respectively, the configuration is similar.
  • the first rotor plate 211 and the second rotor plate 212 will be described based on the first stage rotor 210.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A in FIG. 1.
  • 3 is a plan view of the first rotor plate according to FIG. 1.
  • 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG.
  • the first rotor plate 211 is formed in a disc shape, and a first boss portion 211b protruding toward the housing inlet portion 10a is formed at the center thereof, which will be described later.
  • a first flow path 211a is formed on a rear surface of the first rotor plate 211, that is, a surface opposite to the second rotor plate 212. Since the first channel 211a corresponds to the shape of the second channel 212a described later, the second channel 212a will be described with reference to FIG. 3.
  • the first nozzle part 211c having a smaller cross-sectional area than the discharge side of the first flow path 211a is formed on the discharge side of the first flow path 211a. That is, referring to FIG. 2, the first nozzle part 211c is formed as a groove having a radius smaller than the radius of the first flow path 211a to increase the flow velocity of the discharged fluid.
  • the first nozzle part 211c is limited to a groove shape formed in the first rotor plate 211. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a separate nozzle having a small diameter part is installed in the first nozzle part 211c. Of course it is possible.
  • the first rotor plate 211 is manufactured by a casting method, the first flow path 211a is formed during the casting operation, it can be finished by using a ball end mill (ball end mill) or the like.
  • a ball end mill ball end mill
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and any method may be used as long as the groove may be formed on the surface of the first rotor plate 211 toward the second rotor plate 212.
  • the present embodiment has been described as finishing by using the ball end mill, but is not limited to this, of course, it is also possible to finish the processing by not finishing or using another method.
  • a ball end mill having a diameter smaller than that of the ball end mill processed the first flow path 211a is used.
  • the second rotor plate 212 is formed in a disk shape, the second boss portion 212b is formed on the inner peripheral surface so that the rotation shaft 20 is coupled.
  • a shaft insertion hole 212d into which the rotary shaft 20 is inserted is formed in the second boss part 212b, and a key hole (2) is inserted into an inner circumferential surface of the shaft insertion hole 212d to insert a key of the rotary shaft 20. 212e) is formed.
  • the outer circumferential surface of the second boss portion 212b and the inner circumferential surface of the first boss portion 211b form the rotor inlet 201.
  • a second flow path 212a is formed on the front surface of the second rotor plate 212 toward the first rotor plate 211. Referring to FIG.
  • the second flow passage 212a is formed to guide the working fluid introduced from the rotor inlet 201 to the outer circumferential side. That is, the second flow passage 212a extends from the outer circumferential surface of the rotor inlet 201 and is formed near the circumferential direction on the outer circumferential surface of the second rotor plate 212.
  • a second nozzle part 212c having a smaller cross-sectional area than the discharge side of the second flow path 212a is formed. That is, the second nozzle portion 212c is formed as a groove having a radius smaller than the radius of the second flow passage 212a, thereby increasing the flow velocity of the discharged fluid.
  • the second nozzle part 212c is described as being limited to a groove shape formed in the second rotor plate 212. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a separate nozzle having a small diameter part is installed in the second nozzle part 212c. Of course it is possible.
  • the second rotor plate 212 is manufactured by a casting method similarly to the first rotor plate 211, and the second flow path 212a is formed during the casting operation, and a ball end mill or the like is formed. It can be used for finishing.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and any method may be used as long as the groove may be formed on the surface of the second rotor plate 212 facing the first rotor plate 211.
  • the present embodiment has been described as finishing by using the ball end mill, but is not limited to this, of course, it is also possible to finish the processing by not finishing or using another method.
  • a ball end mill having a diameter smaller than that of the ball end mill used for finishing the second flow passage 212a is used.
  • first passage 211a and the second passage 212a are symmetrical with respect to the mating surface and have one An internal flow path 202 is formed. That is, the first flow path 211a and the second flow path 212a are formed in cross-sections symmetrical with respect to the coupling surfaces of the first and second rotor plates 211 and 212.
  • each cross section of the first flow path 211a and the second flow path 212a has a semicircular shape.
  • the inner passage 202 is circular.
  • a cross section of the shape is formed.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the cross-sectional shape of the inner flow passage 202 may be circular, but each cross section of the first and second flow passages 211a and 212a may not be symmetrical.
  • the cross sections of the first and second flow paths 211a and 212a may be symmetrical, but may have an arc shape instead of a semicircle shape or rounded corners to reduce pressure loss of the working fluid.
  • the rotor 210 configured as described above is composed of two first and second rotor plates 211 and 212, and the first and second flow paths formed in the first and second rotor plates 211 and 212, respectively. Since (211a) and 212a are combined to form one inner flow passage 202, it is possible to make the cross-sectional shape of the inner flow passage 202 circular, so that the pressure loss of the working fluid is minimized, thereby improving the performance of the turbine. This can be improved.
  • the first, second, third and fourth stage rotors 210, 220, 230, and 240 are reacted when the high pressure steam is injected in the circumferential direction. (210) (220) (230) and (240) are rotated. The rotation force generated at this time is transmitted to the rotary shaft 20 to which the first, second, third, and fourth stage rotors 210, 220, 230, and 240 are coupled, so that the rotary shaft 20 is the first. The rotating force is transmitted to the outside while rotating together with the 2,3,4,4 rotors (210, 220, 230, 240).
  • the cross section of the inner passage 202 through which the steam passes has a circular shape, the pressure loss of the working fluid passing through the inner passage 202 is small, thereby improving the performance of the turbine. Can be.
  • 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the first and second rotor plates according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG.
  • the rotor 310 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is composed of two first and second rotor plates 311 and 312, and the first rotor plate 311 is moved from the second rotor plate 312.
  • the internal flow path 302 is formed only on the facing surface, which is different from the first embodiment, and will be described in detail with respect to different points.
  • the first rotor plate 311 is formed in a disk shape, the first boss portion 311a protruding toward the housing inlet portion (10a) side is formed in the center, the second boss portion 312a to be described later and Together, the rotor inlet 201 through which the working fluid steam is introduced is formed.
  • the second rotor plate 312 is formed in a disk shape, the second boss portion 312a is formed on the inner peripheral surface so that the rotating shaft 20 is coupled.
  • the outer circumferential surface of the second boss portion 312a and the inner circumferential surface of the first boss portion 311a form the rotor inlet 201.
  • the inner passage 302 is formed on the front surface of the second rotor plate 312 toward the first rotor plate 311.
  • the inner passage 302 may have a cross section having various shapes. In the present embodiment, the inner flow passage 302 has a rectangular cross section and is described.
  • the inner flow path 302 is formed such that a surface facing the first rotor plate 311 is opened, and is covered by the first rotor plate 311.
  • the second rotor plate 312 is manufactured by a casting method, and the inner flow path 302 is formed during the casting operation.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and any method may be used as long as the groove may be formed on the surface of the second rotor plate 312 facing the first rotor plate 311.
  • the internal flow path 302 has not been separately finished, but the present invention is not limited thereto. It is also possible to process.
  • a nozzle portion 303 having a smaller cross-sectional area than the inner passage 302 is formed.
  • the rotor 310 configured as described above is composed of a second rotor plate 312 having the inner flow path 302 and the first rotor plate 311 covering the inner flow path 302, thereby providing two first As the two rotor plates 311 and 312 are formed, the inner flow path 302 can be manufactured in various shapes, and the inner flow path 302 is formed only in the second rotor plate 312, thereby simplifying the structure. And the molding operation and time can be shortened.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the first and second rotor plates according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line D-D in FIG. 7.
  • the rotor 410 according to the third embodiment of the present invention is composed of two first and second rotor plates 411 and 412, and the first rotor plate 411 is disposed on the second rotor plate 412.
  • the inner flow path 402 is formed only on the facing surface, and the cross-sectional shape of the inner flow path 402 is semi-circular, which is different from the second embodiment, and will be described in detail based on different points.
  • the first rotor plate 411 is formed in a disk shape, the first boss portion 411a protruding toward the housing inlet portion 10a side is formed in the center, and the second boss portion 312a to be described later. Together, the rotor inlet 201 through which the working fluid steam is introduced is formed.
  • the second rotor plate 412 is formed in a disk shape, the second boss portion 412a is formed on the inner circumferential surface so that the rotation shaft 20 is coupled.
  • the outer circumferential surface of the second boss portion 412a and the inner circumferential surface of the first boss portion 411a form the rotor inlet 201.
  • the inner passage 402 is formed on a front surface of the second rotor plate 412 toward the first rotor plate 411.
  • the inner passage 402 may have a cross-section having various shapes. In the present embodiment, the internal flow passage 402 has a semi-circular cross-sectional shape.
  • the second rotor plate 412 may be manufactured by a casting method, and the inner flow path 402 may be formed during casting, and may be finished by using a ball end mill or the like.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and any method may be used as long as the groove may be formed on the surface of the second rotor plate 412 facing the first rotor plate 411.
  • the present embodiment has been described as finishing by using the ball end mill, but is not limited to this, of course, it is also possible to finish the processing by not finishing or using another method.
  • a nozzle portion 303 having a smaller cross-sectional area than the inner passage 302 is formed on the discharge side of the inner passage 302 .
  • the cross-sectional shape of the nozzle unit 303 may also be formed in a semi-circular shape, and may be finished by using a ball end mill having a diameter smaller than that of the ball end mill in which the internal flow path 302 is finished.
  • the rotor 410 configured as described above is composed of a second rotor plate 412 on which the inner flow path 402 is formed, and the first rotor plate 411 covering the inner flow path 402.
  • the inner flow path 402 may be manufactured in various shapes, and the inner flow path 402 is formed only in the second rotor plate 412, thereby simplifying the structure. And the molding operation and time can be shortened.
  • the cross section of the inner passage 402 is formed in a semicircular shape, the pressure loss of the working fluid may be reduced.
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a first rotor plate according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line E-E in FIG.
  • the rotor according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is composed of two first and second rotor plates 512, and the first and second rotor plates 511 and 512 are respectively faced to each other.
  • Flow paths 510 and 502 are formed, and the first and second flow paths 510 and 502 are combined to form one internal flow path 520 for guiding a working fluid, and the first and second flow paths 510 are formed.
  • Reference numeral 502 differs from the above embodiments in that at least a portion is in the form of an involute curve, and will be described in detail with respect to different points.
  • first and second flow paths 510 and 502 formed on the surfaces of the first and second rotor plates 511 and 512 are similar to each other, the first and second rotor plates 511 and 512 are centered on the second rotor plate 512.
  • the direction change of the flow path is moderate, thereby reducing the pressure drop of steam due to the flow path change.
  • the outer circumferential surface of the second flow passage 502 is connected to form at least one arc shape with the outer circumferential surface 501a of the circle constituting the rotor inlet 501.
  • the radius r 2 of the arc 505 is larger than the inner diameter r 1 of the rotor inlet 501.
  • the base circle radius of the involute curve constituting the second flow passage 502 is set smaller than the inner diameter r 1 of the rotor inlet 501.
  • a nozzle portion 503 having a smaller cross-sectional area than that of the discharge portion 502b of the second flow passage 502 is provided on the discharge portion 502b side of the second flow passage 502.
  • the nozzle portion 503 is disposed on an extension line of the second passage 502, so that the second passage 502 and the nozzle portion 503 are located on the same involute curve.
  • the velocity energy of the pressure energy of steam discharged by the nozzle unit 503 is increased, thereby enabling high-speed injection of steam.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and a separate nozzle having a small diameter portion on the discharge portion 502b side of the second flow passage 502 may be installed and used using a fastening member.
  • the second flow path 502 and the first flow path 510 have cross-sections symmetrical with respect to a coupling surface of the first and second rotor plates 511 and 512.
  • each cross section of the first channel 510 and the second channel 502 has a semicircular shape.
  • the inner channel 520 is circular.
  • a cross section of the shape is formed.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the cross-sectional shape of the inner flow passage 520 may be circular, but each cross section of the first and second flow passages 510 and 502 may not be symmetrical.
  • the cross-sections of the first and second flow paths 510 and 502 may be symmetrical, but may be circular, not semi-circular, or rounded at corners, thereby reducing pressure loss of the working fluid.
  • the reaction turbine configured as described above, since the first and second flow paths 510 and 502 through which steam passes are formed in the involute curve form, the steam is guided from the center side to the outer circumferential side and injected in the circumferential direction. Since the flow path change is gentle, the pressure loss can be reduced and the performance of the turbine can be improved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Description

반작용식 터빈Reaction Turbine

본 발명은 반작용식 터빈에 관한 것이고, 보다 상세하게는 스팀이나 가스 또는 압축공기 등의 작동 유체의 분사시 반발력을 이용하여 회전력을 발생시키는 반작용식 터빈에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a reaction turbine, and more particularly to a reaction turbine that generates a rotational force by using the reaction force when the injection of a working fluid, such as steam, gas or compressed air.

일반적으로 스팀 터빈은 증기가 가진 열에너지를 기계적 일로 변환시키는 원동기 방식의 하나이다. 상기 스팀 터빈은 보일러에서 발생시킨 고온고압의 증기를 노즐 또는 고정된 날개로부터 분출, 팽창시켜 나온 고속의 증기류를 회전하는 터빈 날개에 부딪쳐서 그 충동작용 또는 반동작용에 의하여 터빈축을 회전시키는 것이다. 따라서, 스팀 터빈은 증기가 가지는 열에너지를 속도 에너지로 바꾸기 위한 노즐과 속도에너지를 기계적 일로 바꾸기 위한 터빈 날개를 바탕으로 하여 구성된다. 상기 증기 터빈은 터빈 날개를 충동력만으로 구동하는 충동식 터빈과, 반동력에 의하여 구동하는 반동식 터빈 또는 반작용식 터빈이 있다. In general, a steam turbine is a type of prime mover that converts thermal energy of steam into mechanical work. The steam turbine hits a turbine blade which rotates a high velocity steam stream, which is ejected and expanded from a nozzle or a fixed blade by high temperature and high pressure steam generated in a boiler, and rotates the turbine shaft by impulse or reaction. Therefore, the steam turbine is constructed based on a nozzle for converting thermal energy of steam into velocity energy and a turbine blade for converting velocity energy into mechanical work. The steam turbine includes an impulse turbine which drives the turbine blades with only impulse force, and a reaction turbine or reaction turbine which is driven by reaction force.

한국등록특허 10-1052253호에는 반작용식 터빈이 기술되어 있으며, 하우징 내에 2개 이상의 분사 회전부가 서로 연통되어 반경방향을 따라 다단으로 배치되고, 각 분사 회전부의 분사 유로를 통해 분사되는 유체의 분사작용에 대한 반작용으로 회전하도록 구성되어 있다. 그러나, 터빈의 용량을 변경하고자 할 경우, 상기 분사 회전부 등의 각 부품을 공유하기가 곤란한 문제점이 있다.Korean Patent No. 10-1052253 describes a reaction turbine, in which two or more injection rotary parts communicate with each other and are arranged in multiple stages along a radial direction, and an injection action of a fluid injected through an injection flow path of each injection rotary part. It is configured to rotate in reaction to. However, when the capacity of the turbine is to be changed, there is a problem in that it is difficult to share each component such as the injection rotating part.

본 발명의 목적은, 부품의 공유가 가능하여 다양한 용량의 터빈 제작이 가능해질 수 있고, 작동유체의 유동시 압력손실을 최소화하여 터빈의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 반작용식 터빈을 제공하는 데 있다. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a reaction turbine capable of sharing components, enabling turbines of various capacities, and improving turbine performance by minimizing pressure loss during the flow of working fluid.

본 발명에 따른 반작용식 터빈은, 입구와 하우징 출구가 형성되고, 상기 하우징 입구로 유입되는 고압의 작동유체가 상기 하우징 출구 방향으로 이동할 수 있도록 상기 하우징 입구와 상기 하우징 출구 사이를 연통시키는 하우징 유로가 형성된 하우징과, 상기 하우징을 관통하고 상기 하우징에 회전 가능하게 결합된 회전축과, 상기 하우징 유로 내에서 상기 회전축과 일체 결합되고, 중심측에서 축방향으로 유입된 작동 유체를 외주측으로 분사시킴에 따라 상기 회전축을 회전시키는 로터를 포함하고, 상기 로터는 2개의 제 1,2로터 플레이트가 축방향으로 결합되어 이루어지고, 상기 제 1,2로터 플레이트에서 각각 서로 마주보는 면에 제 1,2유로가 형성되고, 상기 제 1,2유로가 합해져서 작동유체를 안내하는 내부 유로를 이룬다.Reaction turbine according to the present invention, the inlet and the housing outlet is formed, the housing flow path for communicating between the housing inlet and the housing outlet so that the high-pressure working fluid flowing into the housing inlet can move in the direction of the housing outlet The formed housing, a rotating shaft penetrating the housing and rotatably coupled to the housing, integrally coupled with the rotating shaft in the housing flow path, and injecting a working fluid introduced in the axial direction from the center side to the outer circumferential side; It includes a rotor for rotating the rotating shaft, the rotor is made by combining the two first and second rotor plates in the axial direction, the first and second euros are formed on the surface facing each other in the first and second rotor plates, respectively The first and second flow paths are combined to form an internal flow path for guiding a working fluid.

본 발명의 다른 측면에 따른 반작용식 터빈은, 하우징 입구와 하우징 출구가 형성되고, 상기 하우징 입구로 유입되는 고압의 작동유체가 상기 하우징 출구 방향으로 이동할 수 있도록 상기 하우징 입구와 상기 하우징 출구 사이를 연통시키는 하우징 유로가 형성된 하우징과, 상기 하우징을 관통하고 상기 하우징에 회전 가능하게 결합된 회전축과, 상기 하우징 유로 내에서 상기 회전축과 일체 결합되고, 중심측에서 축방향으로 유입된 작동 유체를 외주측으로 분사시킴에 따라 상기 회전축을 회전시키는 로터를 포함하고, 상기 로터는 2개의 제 1,2로터 플레이트가 축방향으로 결합되어 이루어지고, 상기 제 2로터 플레이트에서 상기 제 1로터 플레이트를 향한 면에는 작동유체를 안내하는 내부 유로가 형성되고, 상기 제 1로터 플레이트는 상기 내부 유로의 전면을 덮도록 형성된다. According to another aspect of the present invention, a reaction turbine includes a housing inlet and a housing outlet, and communicates between the housing inlet and the housing outlet such that a high pressure working fluid flowing into the housing inlet can move in the direction of the housing outlet. A housing having a housing flow path formed therein, a rotating shaft penetrating the housing and rotatably coupled to the housing, and integrally coupled with the rotating shaft in the housing flow path and injecting a working fluid introduced in the axial direction from the center side to the outer circumferential side And a rotor for rotating the rotary shaft according to the present invention, wherein the rotor is formed by coupling two first and second rotor plates in an axial direction, and a working fluid is provided on a surface of the second rotor plate toward the first rotor plate. An inner flow path is formed to guide the first rotor plate and the inner flow path is formed. It is formed to cover the front of the.

본 발명의 다른 측면에 또 따른 반작용식 터빈은, 하우징 입구와 하우징 출구가 형성되고, 상기 하우징 입구로 유입되는 고압의 작동유체가 상기 하우징 출구 방향으로 이동할 수 있도록 상기 하우징 입구와 상기 하우징 출구 사이를 연통시키는 하우징 유로가 형성된 하우징과, 상기 하우징을 관통하고 상기 하우징에 회전 가능하게 결합된 회전축과, 상기 하우징 유로 내에서 축방향을 따라 다단으로 적층 배치되고 상기 회전축과 일체 결합된 복수의 로터들로 이루어지고, 상기 각 로터의 중심측에서 축방향으로 유입된 작동 유체를 외주측으로 분사시킴에 따라 상기 회전축을 회전시키는 로터 조립체를 포함하고, 상기 각 로터는 2개의 로터 플레이트들이 축방향으로 결합되어 일체가 되고, 상기 로터 플레이트들에서 서로 마주보는 면에는 단면이 서로 대칭인 제 1,2유로가 각각 형성되고, 상기 제 1,2유로가 합해져 하나의 내부 유로를 이룬다.According to another aspect of the present invention, the reaction turbine includes a housing inlet and a housing outlet, and a space between the housing inlet and the housing outlet so that a high-pressure working fluid flowing into the housing inlet can move in the direction of the housing outlet. A housing having a housing flow path communicating therewith, a rotation shaft penetrating the housing and rotatably coupled to the housing, and a plurality of rotors stacked in multiple stages along the axial direction within the housing flow path and integrally coupled to the rotation shaft. And a rotor assembly configured to rotate the rotating shaft by injecting the working fluid introduced in the axial direction from the center side of each rotor to the outer circumferential side, wherein each rotor is integrally coupled with two rotor plates in the axial direction. In the rotor plates facing each other in the cross section is standing A symmetrical first and second flow path is formed in each of the first and second flow path haphaejyeo form a single inner channel.

본 발명에 따른 반작용식 터빈은, 로터가 2개의 제 1,2로터 플레이트가 서로 결합되어 일체가 되고, 내부 유로는 상기 제 1,2로터 플레이트에서 각각 서로 마주보는 면에 형성된 제 1,2유로가 합해져 이루어지기 때문에, 상기 내부 유로의 단면 형상에 대한 제약이 해소되어 설계자가 원하는 형상으로의 제작이 용이해질 수 있다. 또한, 상기 제 1,2유로의 각 단면이 반원 형상으로 제작이 가능하여, 상기 제 1,2유로가 합해진 내부 유로의 형상이 원형이 될 수 있으므로, 상기 내부 유로를 통과하는 작동 유체의 압력 손실이 최소화되어 터빈의 성능이 향상될 수 있는 효과가 있다. In the reaction turbine according to the present invention, the rotors are integrally formed by coupling two first and second rotor plates to each other, and the inner flow paths are formed in the first and second flow paths formed on the surfaces of the first and second rotor plates facing each other. Since the sum is made, the restriction on the cross-sectional shape of the inner flow path is removed, so that the designer can easily manufacture the desired shape. In addition, since the cross sections of the first and second flow paths may be manufactured in a semicircular shape, and the inner flow path in which the first and second flow paths are combined may be circular, the pressure loss of the working fluid passing through the inner flow path may be reduced. This is minimized and there is an effect that can improve the performance of the turbine.

또한, 본 발명에 따른 반작용식 터빈은, 로터가 2개의 제 1,2로터 플레이트로 이루어지고, 하나의 로터 플레이트에만 내부 유로를 가공하게 되는 경우, 내부 유로의 성형 작업 및 시간이 단축될 수 있다. 또한, 상기 내부 유로의 단면을 반원 형상으로 형성하여, 작동 유체의 압력 손실을 저감시킬 수 있다. In addition, in the reaction turbine according to the present invention, when the rotor is composed of two first and second rotor plates, and the inner flow path is processed only in one rotor plate, the forming operation and time of the inner flow path can be shortened. . In addition, the cross section of the inner flow path may be formed in a semicircular shape to reduce the pressure loss of the working fluid.

또한, 제 1,2로터 플레이트에 각각 형성된 제 1,2유로의 각 단면은 반원 형상으로 이루어지고, 상기 제 1,2유로는 인볼류트 곡선 형태를 갖도록 형성됨으로써, 작동 유체의 유로 변화가 보다 완만하여 유로 변화로 인해 발생되는 압력 손실이 최소화될 수 있으므로, 터빈의 성능이 향상될 수 있는 효과가 있다. In addition, each cross section of the first and second flow paths formed on the first and second rotor plates respectively has a semicircular shape, and the first and second flow paths are formed to have an involute curve shape, so that the flow path of the working fluid is more gentle. Therefore, since the pressure loss caused by the flow path change can be minimized, the performance of the turbine can be improved.

또한, 로터는 복수개가 축방향을 따라 다단으로 적층되기 때문에, 터빈의 용량에 따라 로터의 개수를 늘리거나 줄이는 것이 가능하여, 다양한 용량의 터빈 제작이 가능하고 부품의 공유가 용이하여 제조비용이 절감될 수 있다. In addition, since a plurality of rotors are stacked in multiple stages along the axial direction, it is possible to increase or decrease the number of rotors according to the capacity of the turbine, and to manufacture turbines of various capacities and to share parts easily, thereby reducing manufacturing costs. Can be.

도 1은 본 발명의 제 1실시예에 따른 반작용식 터빈의 단면도이다.1 is a cross-sectional view of a reaction turbine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

도 2는 도 1에서 A부분의 확대도이다.FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A in FIG. 1.

도 3은 도 1에 따른 제 1로터 플레이트가 도시된 평면도이다. 3 is a plan view of the first rotor plate according to FIG. 1.

도 4는 도 2에서 B-B선 단면도이다.4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG.

도 5는 본 발명의 제 2실시예에 따른 제 1,2로터 플레이트의 일부가 도시된 단면도이다. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the first and second rotor plates according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

도 6은 도 5에서 C-C선 단면도이다. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG.

도 7은 본 발명의 제 3실시예에 따른 제 1,2로터 플레이트의 일부가 도시된 단면도이다.7 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the first and second rotor plates according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

도 8은 도 7에서 D-D선 단면도이다. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line D-D in FIG. 7.

도 9는 본 발명의 제 4실시예에 따른 제 1로터 플레이트가 도시된 평면도이다. 9 is a plan view showing a first rotor plate according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

도 10은 도 9에서 E-E선 단면도이다. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line E-E in FIG.

이하, 본 발명에 따른 반작용식 터빈을 첨부 도면에 도시된 실시예들에 의거하여 상세하게 설명한다. Hereinafter, a reaction turbine according to the present invention will be described in detail based on the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

도 1은 본 발명의 제 1실시예에 따른 반작용식 터빈(1)의 단면도이다.1 is a cross-sectional view of a reaction turbine 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention.

본 발명에 따른 반작용식 터빈(1)은, 고압의 스팀이나 가스 또는 압축 공기를 포함하는 작동 유체를 이용하여 회전력을 발생시키는 것이다. 상기 작동 유체는 고압의 스팀이나 가스 또는 압축 공기를 포함한다. 이하, 본 실시예에서는, 상기 작동 유체는 스팀인 것으로 예를 들어 설명한다.The reaction turbine 1 according to the present invention generates a rotating force using a working fluid containing high pressure steam, gas or compressed air. The working fluid includes high pressure steam or gas or compressed air. Hereinafter, in the present embodiment, the working fluid is described as an example of steam.

상기 반작용식 터빈(1)은, 하우징(10)에 회전축(20)이 회전가능하게 결합되고, 상기 회전축(20)에는 적어도 하나 이상의 로터(100)가 축방향을 따라 적층되어 배치된다.The reaction turbine 1, the rotating shaft 20 is rotatably coupled to the housing 10, at least one rotor 100 is disposed on the rotating shaft 20 is stacked along the axial direction.

상기 하우징(10)은 작동 유체인 고압의 스팀이 유입되도록 하우징 입구(10a)가 형성된 입구측 하우징(15)과, 상기 입구측 하우징(15)의 타측에 소정의 간격을 두고 배치되며 팽창된 저압의 스팀이 대기중으로 배출되거나 또는 재순환을 위해 배출되는 하우징 출구(10b)를 갖는 출구측 하우징(16)과, 상기 입구측 하우징(15)과 상기 출구측 하우징(16) 사이에 구비되어 상기 로터(100)가 회전할 수 있도록 하우징 유로(10c)를 형성하는 중간 하우징(11)(12)(13)(14)으로 이루어진다. 상기 하우징 입구(10a)는 적어도 한 개 이상으로 이루어질 수 있으며, 본 실시예에서는 한 개가 형성된 것으로 예를 들어 설명한다. 상기 하우징 출구(10b)는 적어도 한 개 이상으로 이루어질 수 있으며, 본 실시예에서는 한 개가 형성된 것으로 예를 들어 설명한다. 상기 중간 하우징(11)(12)(13)(14)은 상기 로터(100)의 개수에 대응되는 개수로 이루어질 수 있다. 본 실시예에서는 후술하는 로터(100)가 4개가 구비된 것으로 예를 들어 설명하므로, 4개의 중간 하우징들(11)(12)(13)(14)이 축방향을 따라 구비된 것으로 예를 들어 설명한다.The housing 10 has an inlet housing 15 in which a housing inlet 10a is formed so that high pressure steam, which is a working fluid, and an inflated low pressure are arranged at predetermined intervals on the other side of the inlet housing 15. Is provided between the outlet side housing 16 and the inlet side housing 15 and the outlet side housing 16 having a housing outlet 10b through which steam of the air is discharged into the atmosphere or discharged for recirculation. It consists of intermediate housings 11, 12, 13, 14 forming the housing flow path 10c so that 100 can rotate. The housing inlet 10a may be made of at least one, and in this embodiment, one is formed and described as an example. The housing outlet 10b may be formed of at least one, and in this embodiment, one is formed and described as an example. The intermediate housings 11, 12, 13, 14 may have a number corresponding to the number of the rotors 100. In this embodiment, four rotor housings 11, 12, 13, and 14 are described along the axial direction, for example, because four rotors 100 are described below. Explain.

상기 4개의 중간 하우징들(11)(12)(13)(14)의 각 양측에는 상기 중간 하우징(11)(12)(13)(14)과 함께 상기 하우징 유로(10c)를 형성하도록 분리판들(30)이 각각 구비된다. 상기 분리판(30)은 원판 형상으로 이루어지고 중앙에는 후술하는 로제 1로터 플레이트(111)가 회전가능하게 삽입되도록 관통홀이 형성된다. 상기 분리판(30)과 상기 로터 플레이트(111)사이에는 스팀의 누설을 방지하기 위한 실링부재(40)가 삽입된다. 상기 실링부재(40)는 뒤에서 상세히 설명한다. 상기 실링부재(40)는 링 형상으로 이루어지고, 상기 분리판(30)에 축방향으로 결합된다. 상기 실링부재(40)는 상기 분리판(30)의 내주면에 축방향으로 끼워진 후, 볼트 등의 체결 부재에 의해 고정 설치된다. 상기 실링부재(40)는 후술하는 제 1로터 플레이트(211)의 회전이 용이하도록 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(211)와의 접촉면이 최소화되는 형상으로 이루어진 레버린스 실(Labyrinth Seal)이다. Separation plates to form the housing flow path 10c together with the intermediate housings 11, 12, 13, 14 on each side of the four intermediate housings 11, 12, 13, 14. Fields 30 are each provided. The separating plate 30 is formed in a disc shape and a through hole is formed in the center so that the first rotor plate 111 to be described later is rotatably inserted. A sealing member 40 is inserted between the separator 30 and the rotor plate 111 to prevent leakage of steam. The sealing member 40 will be described in detail later. The sealing member 40 is formed in a ring shape, and is coupled to the separation plate 30 in the axial direction. The sealing member 40 is fitted to the inner circumferential surface of the separation plate 30 in the axial direction, and then fixedly installed by a fastening member such as a bolt. The sealing member 40 is a lever seal formed in a shape in which a contact surface with the first rotor plate 211 is minimized to facilitate rotation of the first rotor plate 211 to be described later.

상기 입구측 하우징(15)과 상기 출구측 하우징(16)에는 각각 상기 하우징(10)을 관통한 상기 회전축(20)이 관통하는 베어링 모듈이 설치되고, 상기 베어링 모듈 내에는 상기 회전축(20)을 지지하는 베어링(21)이 구비된다. 또한, 상기 입구측 하우징(15)과 상기 출구측 하우징(16)내의 작동 유체가 상기 베어링 모듈 측으로 누설되는 것을 방지하도록 각각 축봉장치(mechanical seal)(22)가 구비된다. 또한, 상기 베어링 모듈내에는 상기 축봉장치(22)와 상기 베어링(21)사이에 설치되어, 상기 축봉장치(22)로부터 누설되는 작동유체가 상기 베어링(21)으로 유입되는 것을 차단하기 위한 래버린스 실 구조를 갖는 실링부재(24)가 구비된다. The inlet housing 15 and the outlet housing 16 are each provided with a bearing module through which the rotating shaft 20 penetrates the housing 10, and the rotating shaft 20 is provided in the bearing module. A bearing 21 for supporting is provided. In addition, a mechanical seal 22 is provided respectively to prevent the working fluid in the inlet housing 15 and the outlet housing 16 from leaking to the bearing module side. In addition, the bearing module is installed between the shaft rod device 22 and the bearing 21, and a labyrinth for preventing the working fluid leaking from the shaft rod device 22 from flowing into the bearing 21. A sealing member 24 having a seal structure is provided.

상기 로터(200)는 상기 회전축(20)과 일체로 결합되고, 중심측에서 축방향으로 유입된 스팀을 외주측으로 분사시킴에 따라 상기 회전축(20)을 회전시킨다. 상기 로터(2200)는 상기 회전축(20)에 결합되는 개수에 따라 터빈의 용량이 가변될 수 있다. 즉, 터빈의 용량이 작은 경우에는 상기 로터(200)의 개수를 적게 구성하고, 터빈의 용량이 큰 경우에는 상기 로터(200)의 개수를 많게 구성할 수 있다.The rotor 200 is integrally coupled with the rotary shaft 20, and rotates the rotary shaft 20 as the steam injected in the axial direction from the center side to the outer peripheral side. The rotor 2200 may have a variable capacity of the turbine depending on the number of coupling to the rotation shaft 20. That is, when the capacity of the turbine is small, the number of the rotor 200 may be configured to be small, and when the capacity of the turbine is large, the number of the rotor 200 may be configured to be large.

상기 로터(200)는 복수개가 상기 하우징 유로(10c)내에서 축방향을 따라 다단으로 적층 배치되고, 전단의 로터로부터 외주측으로 분사된 스팀은 상기 하우징 유로(10c)를 통해 후단의 로터의 중심측으로 유입된다. 본 실시예에서는, 상기 로터(1200)는 4개의 제 1,2,3,4단 로터(210)(220)(230)(240)로 이루어진 것으로 예를 들어 설명한다. 상기 4개의 제 1,2,3,4단 로터(210)(220)(230)(240)는 축방향을 따라 배치된다. A plurality of rotors 200 are stacked in a plurality of stages along the axial direction in the housing flow path 10c, and steam injected from the rotor of the front end to the outer circumferential side through the housing flow path 10c toward the center of the rotor of the rear end. Inflow. In the present embodiment, the rotor 1200 is described as an example consisting of four first, second, third, fourth stage rotors 210, 220, 230, 240. The four first, second, third and fourth rotors 210, 220, 230, and 240 are disposed along the axial direction.

상기 4개의 제 1,2,3,4단 로터(210)(220)(230)(240)는 각각 2개의 제 1,2로터 플레이트(211)(212)들이 축방향으로 결합되어 일체를 이룬다. 이하, 상기 4개의 제 1,2,3,4단 로터(210)(220)(230)(240)가 각각 2개의 제 1,2로터 플레이트(211)(212)들로 이루어진 구성은 유사하므로, 상기 제 1단 로터(210)를 중심으로 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(211)와 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(212)에 대해 설명한다. The four first, second, third and fourth rotors 210, 220, 230, and 240 are integrally formed by combining two first and second rotor plates 211 and 212 in an axial direction. . Hereinafter, since the four first, second, third and fourth rotors 210, 220, 230, and 240 are composed of two first and second rotor plates 211 and 212, respectively, the configuration is similar. The first rotor plate 211 and the second rotor plate 212 will be described based on the first stage rotor 210.

도 2는 도 1에서 A부분의 확대도이다. 도 3은 도 1에 따른 제 1로터 플레이트가 도시된 평면도이다. 도 4는 도 2에서 B-B선 단면도이다.FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A in FIG. 1. 3 is a plan view of the first rotor plate according to FIG. 1. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line B-B in FIG.

도 2 내지 도 4를 참조하면, 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(211)는 원판 형상으로 이루어지되, 중앙에 상기 하우징 입구부(10a)측을 향해 돌출된 제 1보스부(211b)가 형성되어, 후술하는 제 2보스부(212b)와 함께 작동 유체인 스팀이 유입되는 로터 유입부(201)를 형성한다. 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(211)의 후면, 즉, 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(212)에 대향되는 면에는 제 1유로(211a)가 형성된다. 상기 제 1유로(211a)는 후술하는 상기 제 2유로(212a)의 형상에 대응되므로 도 3을 참조하여 상기 제 2유로(212a)를 중심으로 설명한다.2 to 4, the first rotor plate 211 is formed in a disc shape, and a first boss portion 211b protruding toward the housing inlet portion 10a is formed at the center thereof, which will be described later. A rotor inlet 201 through which steam, which is a working fluid, is introduced together with the second boss portion 212b. A first flow path 211a is formed on a rear surface of the first rotor plate 211, that is, a surface opposite to the second rotor plate 212. Since the first channel 211a corresponds to the shape of the second channel 212a described later, the second channel 212a will be described with reference to FIG. 3.

상기 제 1유로(211a)의 배출 측에는 상기 제 1유로(211a)의 배출측보다 단면적이 작은 제 1노즐부(211c)가 형성된다. 즉, 도 2를 참조하면, 상기 제 1노즐부(211c)는 상기 제 1유로(211a)의 반경보다 작은 반경을 갖는 홈으로 형성되어, 배출되는 유체의 유속을 증가시키게 된다. 상기 제 1노즐부(211c)는 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(211)에 형성된 홈 형상인 것으로 한정하여 설명하나, 이에 한정되지 않고, 상기 제 1노즐부(211c)에 소경부를 갖는 별도의 노즐이 설치되는 것도 물론 가능하다. The first nozzle part 211c having a smaller cross-sectional area than the discharge side of the first flow path 211a is formed on the discharge side of the first flow path 211a. That is, referring to FIG. 2, the first nozzle part 211c is formed as a groove having a radius smaller than the radius of the first flow path 211a to increase the flow velocity of the discharged fluid. The first nozzle part 211c is limited to a groove shape formed in the first rotor plate 211. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a separate nozzle having a small diameter part is installed in the first nozzle part 211c. Of course it is possible.

상기 제 1로터 플레이트(211)는 주조 방식에 의해 제작되고, 상기 제 1유로(211a)는 주조 작업시 형성되고, 볼 엔드 밀(ball end mill) 등을 이용하여 마무리 가공할 수 있다. 물론, 이에 한정되지 않고, 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(211)에서 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(212)를 향한 면에 홈을 가공할 수 있는 방법이라면 어느 것으로든 제작 가능하다. 또한, 본 실시예에서는 상기 볼 엔드 밀을 이용하여 마무리 가공하는 것으로 설명하였으나, 이에 한정되지 않고 마무리 가공을 하지 않거나 다른 방법을 이용하여 마무리 가공하는 것도 물론 가능하다. 상기 제 1노즐부(211c)의 마무리 가공시에는 상기 제 1유로(211a)를 가공한 볼 엔드 밀보다 작은 직경을 갖는 볼 엔드 밀을 사용한다. The first rotor plate 211 is manufactured by a casting method, the first flow path 211a is formed during the casting operation, it can be finished by using a ball end mill (ball end mill) or the like. Of course, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any method may be used as long as the groove may be formed on the surface of the first rotor plate 211 toward the second rotor plate 212. In addition, the present embodiment has been described as finishing by using the ball end mill, but is not limited to this, of course, it is also possible to finish the processing by not finishing or using another method. When finishing the first nozzle portion 211c, a ball end mill having a diameter smaller than that of the ball end mill processed the first flow path 211a is used.

상기 제 2로터 플레이트(212)는 원판 형상으로 이루어지되, 내주면에는 상기 회전축(20)이 결합되도록 제 2보스부(212b)가 형성된다. 상기 제 2보스부(212b)에는 상기 회전축(20)이 삽입되는 축 삽입홀(212d)이 형성되고, 상기 축 삽입홀(212d)의 내주면에는 상기 회전축(20)의 키가 삽입되도록 키 홀(212e)이 형성된다. 상기 제 2보스부(212b)의 외주면과 상기 제 1보스부(211b)의 내주면이 상기 로터 유입부(201)를 이루게 된다. 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(212)에서 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(211)를 향한 전면에는 제 2유로(212a)가 형성된다. 도 3을 참조하면, 상기 제 2유로(212a)는 상기 로터 유입부(201)로부터 유입된 작동 유체를 외주측으로 안내하도록 형성된다. 즉, 상기 제 2유로(212a)는 상기 로터 유입부(201)의 외주면으로부터 연장되고, 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(212)의 외주면에서 원주방향에 가깝게 형성된다.The second rotor plate 212 is formed in a disk shape, the second boss portion 212b is formed on the inner peripheral surface so that the rotation shaft 20 is coupled. A shaft insertion hole 212d into which the rotary shaft 20 is inserted is formed in the second boss part 212b, and a key hole (2) is inserted into an inner circumferential surface of the shaft insertion hole 212d to insert a key of the rotary shaft 20. 212e) is formed. The outer circumferential surface of the second boss portion 212b and the inner circumferential surface of the first boss portion 211b form the rotor inlet 201. A second flow path 212a is formed on the front surface of the second rotor plate 212 toward the first rotor plate 211. Referring to FIG. 3, the second flow passage 212a is formed to guide the working fluid introduced from the rotor inlet 201 to the outer circumferential side. That is, the second flow passage 212a extends from the outer circumferential surface of the rotor inlet 201 and is formed near the circumferential direction on the outer circumferential surface of the second rotor plate 212.

상기 제 2유로(212a)의 배출 측에는 상기 제 2유로(212a)의 배출측보다 단면적이 작은 제 2노즐부(212c)가 형성된다. 즉, 상기 제 2노즐부(212c)는 상기 제 2유로(212a)의 반경보다 작은 반경을 갖는 홈으로 형성되어, 배출되는 유체의 유속을 증가시키게 된다. 상기 제 2노즐부(212c)는 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(212)에 형성된 홈 형상인 것으로 한정하여 설명하나, 이에 한정되지 않고, 상기 제 2노즐부(212c)에 소경부를 갖는 별도의 노즐이 설치되는 것도 물론 가능하다. On the discharge side of the second flow path 212a, a second nozzle part 212c having a smaller cross-sectional area than the discharge side of the second flow path 212a is formed. That is, the second nozzle portion 212c is formed as a groove having a radius smaller than the radius of the second flow passage 212a, thereby increasing the flow velocity of the discharged fluid. The second nozzle part 212c is described as being limited to a groove shape formed in the second rotor plate 212. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a separate nozzle having a small diameter part is installed in the second nozzle part 212c. Of course it is possible.

상기 제 2로터 플레이트(212)는 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(211)와 마찬가지로 주조 방식에 의해 제작되고, 상기 제 2유로(212a)는 주조 작업시 형성되고, 볼 엔드 밀(ball end mill) 등을 이용하여 마무리 가공할 수 있다. 물론, 이에 한정되지 않고, 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(212)에서 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(211)를 향한 면에 홈을 가공할 수 있는 방법이라면 어느 것으로든 제작 가능하다. 또한, 본 실시예에서는 상기 볼 엔드 밀을 이용하여 마무리 가공하는 것으로 설명하였으나, 이에 한정되지 않고 마무리 가공을 하지 않거나 다른 방법을 이용하여 마무리 가공하는 것도 물론 가능하다. 상기 제 2노즐부(212c)의 마무리 가공시에는, 상기 제 2유로(212a)의 마무리 가공에 사용된 볼 엔드 밀보다 직경이 작은 볼 엔드 밀을 사용한다. The second rotor plate 212 is manufactured by a casting method similarly to the first rotor plate 211, and the second flow path 212a is formed during the casting operation, and a ball end mill or the like is formed. It can be used for finishing. Of course, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any method may be used as long as the groove may be formed on the surface of the second rotor plate 212 facing the first rotor plate 211. In addition, the present embodiment has been described as finishing by using the ball end mill, but is not limited to this, of course, it is also possible to finish the processing by not finishing or using another method. When finishing the second nozzle portion 212c, a ball end mill having a diameter smaller than that of the ball end mill used for finishing the second flow passage 212a is used.

상기 제 1로터 플레이트(211)와 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(212)가 축방향으로 결합되면, 상기 제 1유로(211a)와 상기 제 2유로(212a)가 결합면을 중심으로 대칭을 이루며 하나의 내부 유로(202)를 이루게 된다. 즉, 상기 제 1유로(211a)와 상기 제 2유로(212a)는 상기 제 1,2로터 플레이트(211)(212)의 결합면을 중심으로 서로 대칭인 형상의 단면으로 이루어진다. 본 실시예에서는, 상기 제 1유로(211a)와 상기 제 2유로(212a)의 각 단면이 반원 형상으로 이루어진 것으로 예를 들어 설명한다. 상기 제 1유로(211a)와 상기 제 2유로(212a)의 각 단면이 반원 형상으로 이루어짐에 따라, 상기 제 1,2유로(211a)(212b)가 합해지면, 상기 내부 유로(202)는 원형 형상의 단면을 이루게 된다. 다만, 이에 한정되지 않고, 상기 내부 유로(202)의 단면 형상이 원형을 이루도록 형성되되 상기 제 1,2유로(211a)(212a)의 각 단면이 대칭이 아닌 것도 가능하다. 또한, 상기 제 1,2유로(211a)(212a)의 각 단면이 대칭을 이루되 반원 형상이 아닌 원호 형상을 이루거나 모서리가 라운드지게 형성되어 작동유체의 압력 손실을 줄이는 것도 물론 가능하다. When the first rotor plate 211 and the second rotor plate 212 are coupled in the axial direction, the first passage 211a and the second passage 212a are symmetrical with respect to the mating surface and have one An internal flow path 202 is formed. That is, the first flow path 211a and the second flow path 212a are formed in cross-sections symmetrical with respect to the coupling surfaces of the first and second rotor plates 211 and 212. In this embodiment, each cross section of the first flow path 211a and the second flow path 212a has a semicircular shape. As the cross-sections of the first passage 211a and the second passage 212a have a semicircular shape, when the first and second passages 211a and 212b are combined, the inner passage 202 is circular. A cross section of the shape is formed. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the cross-sectional shape of the inner flow passage 202 may be circular, but each cross section of the first and second flow passages 211a and 212a may not be symmetrical. Further, the cross sections of the first and second flow paths 211a and 212a may be symmetrical, but may have an arc shape instead of a semicircle shape or rounded corners to reduce pressure loss of the working fluid.

상기와 같이 구성된 상기 로터(210)는 2개의 상기 제 1,2로터 플레이트(211)(212)로 이루어지고, 상기 제 1,2로터 플레이트(211)(212)에 각각 형성된 제 1,2유로(211a)(212a)가 합해져서 하나의 내부 유로(202)를 형성하기 때문에, 상기 내부 유로(202)의 단면 형상이 원형을 이루도록 하는 것이 가능하여, 작동 유체의 압력 손실이 최소화되어 터빈의 성능이 향상될 수 있다. The rotor 210 configured as described above is composed of two first and second rotor plates 211 and 212, and the first and second flow paths formed in the first and second rotor plates 211 and 212, respectively. Since (211a) and 212a are combined to form one inner flow passage 202, it is possible to make the cross-sectional shape of the inner flow passage 202 circular, so that the pressure loss of the working fluid is minimized, thereby improving the performance of the turbine. This can be improved.

상기와 같이 구성된 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 반작용식 터빈의 동작을 설명하면, 다음과 같다. Referring to the operation of the reaction turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention configured as described above are as follows.

보일러에서 발생된 고압의 스팀이 배관을 통해 상기 하우징(10)의 하우징 입구(10a)로 공급되면, 그 스팀은 상기 제 1단 로터(210)의 로터 유입부(201)를 통해 축방향으로 유입된다. 상기 로터 유입부(201)를 통해 축방향으로 유입된 스팀은 상기 복수의 내부 유로(202)들로 분배된다. 분배된 스팀은 상기 내부 유로(202)들을 통과하면서 외주측으로 이동하여 상기 노즐부(211c)(212c)를 통해 상기 로터(200)의 원주 방향을 따라 상기 하우징 유로(10c)로 고속으로 분사된다. When the high pressure steam generated in the boiler is supplied to the housing inlet 10a of the housing 10 through a pipe, the steam flows in the axial direction through the rotor inlet 201 of the first stage rotor 210. do. Steam introduced in the axial direction through the rotor inlet 201 is distributed to the plurality of internal flow paths (202). The distributed steam moves to the outer circumferential side while passing through the inner flow passages 202 and is injected at a high speed along the circumferential direction of the rotor 200 through the nozzle portions 211c and 212c.

상기 제 1단 로터(210)의 외주측으로 분사된 스팀은 상기 제 1단 로터(210)의 후방에 배치된 상기 제 2단 로터(220)의 중심측으로 유입되고, 상기 제 2단 로터(220)로 유입된 스팀은 상기 제 2단 로터(220)의 내부 유로를 통과하여 외주측으로 분사된다. 상기 제 2단 로터(220)의 외주측으로 분사된 스팀은 상기 제 3단 로터(230)의 중심측으로 유입되어 내부 유로를 통과한 후 외주측으로 분사된다. 상기 제 3단 로터(230)의 외주측으로 분사된 스팀은 상기 제 4단 로터(240)의 중심측으로 유입되어 내부 유로를 통과한 후 외주측으로 분사된다. 상기 제 4단 로터(240)의 외주측으로 분사된 스팀은 상기 하우징 출구(10b)를 통해 상기 하우징(10)의 외부로 배출된다. 상기 하우징(10)의 외부로 배출된 스팀은 대기 중으로 배출되거나 복수기(미도시)로 회수되었다가 보일러로 순환되는 일련의 과정을 반복하게 된다. Steam injected into the outer circumferential side of the first stage rotor 210 flows into the center side of the second stage rotor 220 disposed behind the first stage rotor 210 and the second stage rotor 220. Steam introduced into is passed through the inner flow path of the second stage rotor 220 is injected to the outer peripheral side. Steam injected into the outer circumferential side of the second stage rotor 220 flows into the center side of the third stage rotor 230, passes through the inner flow path, and is injected into the outer circumferential side. Steam injected to the outer circumferential side of the third stage rotor 230 flows into the center side of the fourth stage rotor 240, passes through the inner flow path, and then is injected to the outer circumferential side. Steam injected to the outer circumferential side of the fourth stage rotor 240 is discharged to the outside of the housing 10 through the housing outlet (10b). The steam discharged to the outside of the housing 10 is discharged to the atmosphere or recovered to the condenser (not shown) and repeated a series of processes circulated to the boiler.

상기 제 1,2,3,4단 로터(210)(220)(230)(240)가 고압의 스팀을 원주방향으로 분사할 때 발생되는 반작용에 의해 상기 제 1,2,3,4단 로터(210)(220)(230)(240)가 회전하게 된다. 이 때 발생된 회전력은 상기 제 1,2,3,4단 로터(210)(220)(230)(240)가 결합된 상기 회전축(20)에 전달되어, 상기 회전축(20)이 상기 제 1,2,3,4단 로터(210)(220)(230)(240)와 함께 회전하면서 회전력을 외부에 전달하게 된다.The first, second, third and fourth stage rotors 210, 220, 230, and 240 are reacted when the high pressure steam is injected in the circumferential direction. (210) (220) (230) and (240) are rotated. The rotation force generated at this time is transmitted to the rotary shaft 20 to which the first, second, third, and fourth stage rotors 210, 220, 230, and 240 are coupled, so that the rotary shaft 20 is the first. The rotating force is transmitted to the outside while rotating together with the 2,3,4,4 rotors (210, 220, 230, 240).

상기와 같이 구성된 반작용식 터빈은, 스팀이 통과하는 상기 내부 유로(202)의 단면이 원형 형상으로 이루어지기 때문에, 상기 내부 유로(202)를 통과하는 작동 유체의 압력손실이 적어 터빈의 성능이 향상될 수 있다. In the reaction turbine configured as described above, since the cross section of the inner passage 202 through which the steam passes has a circular shape, the pressure loss of the working fluid passing through the inner passage 202 is small, thereby improving the performance of the turbine. Can be.

도 5는 본 발명의 제 2실시예에 따른 제 1,2로터 플레이트의 일부가 도시된 단면도이다. 도 6은 도 5에서 C-C선 단면도이다. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the first and second rotor plates according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line C-C in FIG.

본 발명의 제 2실시예에 따른 로터(310)는 2개의 제 1,2로터 플레이트(311)(312)로 이루어지고, 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(312)에서 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(311)를 향한 면에만 내부 유로(302)가 형성된 것이 상기 제 1실시예와 상이하며, 상이한 점을 중심으로 상세히 설명한다. The rotor 310 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is composed of two first and second rotor plates 311 and 312, and the first rotor plate 311 is moved from the second rotor plate 312. The internal flow path 302 is formed only on the facing surface, which is different from the first embodiment, and will be described in detail with respect to different points.

상기 제 1로터 플레이트(311)는 원판 형상으로 이루어지되, 중앙에 상기 하우징 입구부(10a)측을 향해 돌출된 제 1보스부(311a)가 형성되어, 후술하는 제 2보스부(312a)와 함께 작동 유체인 스팀이 유입되는 로터 유입부(201)를 형성한다. The first rotor plate 311 is formed in a disk shape, the first boss portion 311a protruding toward the housing inlet portion (10a) side is formed in the center, the second boss portion 312a to be described later and Together, the rotor inlet 201 through which the working fluid steam is introduced is formed.

상기 제 2로터 플레이트(312)는 원판 형상으로 이루어지되, 내주면에는 상기 회전축(20)이 결합되도록 제 2보스부(312a)가 형성된다. 상기 제 2보스부(312a)의 외주면과 상기 제 1보스부(311a)의 내주면이 상기 로터 유입부(201)를 이루게 된다. 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(312)에서 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(311)를 향한 전면에는 상기 내부 유로(302)가 형성된다. 상기 내부 유로(302)는 단면이 다양한 형상으로 이루어질 수 있는 바, 본 실시예에서는 사각형 형상의 단면 형상으로 이루어진 것으로 예를 들어 설명한다. 상기 내부 유로(302)는 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(311)를 향한 면이 개구되게 형성되어, 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(311)에 의해 덮어진다. 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(312)는 주조 방식에 의해 제작되고, 상기 내부 유로(302)는 주조 작업시 형성된다. 물론, 이에 한정되지 않고, 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(312)에서 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(311)를 향한 면에 홈을 가공할 수 있는 방법이라면 어느 것으로든 제작 가능하다. 또한, 본 실시예에서는 상기 내부 유로(302)를 별도로 마무리 가공하지 않은 것으로 예를 들어 설명하였으나, 이에 한정되지 않고 상기 내부 유로(302)는 작동 유체의 압력 손실을 줄이기 위해 모서리 부분을 라운드지게 마무리 가공하는 것도 물론 가능하다. The second rotor plate 312 is formed in a disk shape, the second boss portion 312a is formed on the inner peripheral surface so that the rotating shaft 20 is coupled. The outer circumferential surface of the second boss portion 312a and the inner circumferential surface of the first boss portion 311a form the rotor inlet 201. The inner passage 302 is formed on the front surface of the second rotor plate 312 toward the first rotor plate 311. The inner passage 302 may have a cross section having various shapes. In the present embodiment, the inner flow passage 302 has a rectangular cross section and is described. The inner flow path 302 is formed such that a surface facing the first rotor plate 311 is opened, and is covered by the first rotor plate 311. The second rotor plate 312 is manufactured by a casting method, and the inner flow path 302 is formed during the casting operation. Of course, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any method may be used as long as the groove may be formed on the surface of the second rotor plate 312 facing the first rotor plate 311. In addition, in the present embodiment, for example, the internal flow path 302 has not been separately finished, but the present invention is not limited thereto. It is also possible to process.

상기 내부 유로(302)의 배출측에는 상기 내부 유로(302)보다 작은 단면적을 갖는 노즐부(303)가 형성된다. On the discharge side of the inner passage 302, a nozzle portion 303 having a smaller cross-sectional area than the inner passage 302 is formed.

상기와 같이 구성된 로터(310)는 상기 내부 유로(302)가 형성된 제 2로터 플레이트(312)와, 상기 내부 유로(302)를 덮는 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(311)로 구성됨으로써, 2개의 제 1,2로터 플레이트(311)(312)로 구성됨에 따라 상기 내부 유로(302)를 다양한 형상으로 제조가 가능하며, 상기 내부 유로(302)는 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(312)에만 형성됨으로서 구조가 간단해지고 성형 작업 및 시간이 단축될 수 있는 이점이 있다.The rotor 310 configured as described above is composed of a second rotor plate 312 having the inner flow path 302 and the first rotor plate 311 covering the inner flow path 302, thereby providing two first As the two rotor plates 311 and 312 are formed, the inner flow path 302 can be manufactured in various shapes, and the inner flow path 302 is formed only in the second rotor plate 312, thereby simplifying the structure. And the molding operation and time can be shortened.

도 7은 본 발명의 제 3실시예에 따른 제 1,2로터 플레이트의 일부가 도시된 단면도이다. 도 8은 도 7에서 D-D선 단면도이다. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the first and second rotor plates according to the third embodiment of the present invention. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line D-D in FIG. 7.

본 발명의 제 3실시예에 따른 로터(410)는 2개의 제 1,2로터 플레이트(411)(412)로 이루어지고, 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(412)에서 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(411)를 향한 면에만 내부 유로(402)가 형성되되, 상기 내부 유로(402)의 단면 형상이 반원 형상으로 이루어진 것이 상기 제 2실시예와 상이하며, 상이한 점을 중심으로 상세히 설명한다. The rotor 410 according to the third embodiment of the present invention is composed of two first and second rotor plates 411 and 412, and the first rotor plate 411 is disposed on the second rotor plate 412. The inner flow path 402 is formed only on the facing surface, and the cross-sectional shape of the inner flow path 402 is semi-circular, which is different from the second embodiment, and will be described in detail based on different points.

상기 제 1로터 플레이트(411)는 원판 형상으로 이루어지되, 중앙에 상기 하우징 입구부(10a)측을 향해 돌출된 제 1보스부(411a)가 형성되어, 후술하는 제 2보스부(312a)와 함께 작동 유체인 스팀이 유입되는 로터 유입부(201)를 형성한다.The first rotor plate 411 is formed in a disk shape, the first boss portion 411a protruding toward the housing inlet portion 10a side is formed in the center, and the second boss portion 312a to be described later. Together, the rotor inlet 201 through which the working fluid steam is introduced is formed.

상기 제 2로터 플레이트(412)는 원판 형상으로 이루어지되, 내주면에는 상기 회전축(20)이 결합되도록 제 2보스부(412a)가 형성된다. 상기 제 2보스부(412a)의 외주면과 상기 제 1보스부(411a)의 내주면이 상기 로터 유입부(201)를 이루게 된다. 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(412)에서 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(411)를 향한 전면에는 상기 내부 유로(402)가 형성된다. 상기 내부 유로(402)는 단면이 다양한 형상으로 이루어질 수 있는 바, 본 실시예에서는 반원 형상의 단면 형상으로 이루어진 것으로 예를 들어 설명한다. 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(412)는 주조 방식에 의해 제작되고, 상기 내부 유로(402)는 주조 작업시 형성되고, 볼 엔드 밀(ball end mill) 등을 이용하여 마무리 가공할 수 있다. 물론, 이에 한정되지 않고, 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(412)에서 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(411)를 향한 면에 홈을 가공할 수 있는 방법이라면 어느 것으로든 제작 가능하다. 또한, 본 실시예에서는 상기 볼 엔드 밀을 이용하여 마무리 가공하는 것으로 설명하였으나, 이에 한정되지 않고 마무리 가공을 하지 않거나 다른 방법을 이용하여 마무리 가공하는 것도 물론 가능하다. The second rotor plate 412 is formed in a disk shape, the second boss portion 412a is formed on the inner circumferential surface so that the rotation shaft 20 is coupled. The outer circumferential surface of the second boss portion 412a and the inner circumferential surface of the first boss portion 411a form the rotor inlet 201. The inner passage 402 is formed on a front surface of the second rotor plate 412 toward the first rotor plate 411. The inner passage 402 may have a cross-section having various shapes. In the present embodiment, the internal flow passage 402 has a semi-circular cross-sectional shape. The second rotor plate 412 may be manufactured by a casting method, and the inner flow path 402 may be formed during casting, and may be finished by using a ball end mill or the like. Of course, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any method may be used as long as the groove may be formed on the surface of the second rotor plate 412 facing the first rotor plate 411. In addition, the present embodiment has been described as finishing by using the ball end mill, but is not limited to this, of course, it is also possible to finish the processing by not finishing or using another method.

상기 내부 유로(302)의 배출측에는 상기 내부 유로(302)보다 작은 단면적을 갖는 노즐부(303)가 형성된다. 상기 노즐부(303)의 단면 형상도 반원 형상으로 형성할 수 있으며, 상기 내부 유로(302)를 마무리 가공한 볼 엔드 밀보다 직경이 작은 볼 엔드 밀을 사용하여 마무리 가공할 수 있다. On the discharge side of the inner passage 302, a nozzle portion 303 having a smaller cross-sectional area than the inner passage 302 is formed. The cross-sectional shape of the nozzle unit 303 may also be formed in a semi-circular shape, and may be finished by using a ball end mill having a diameter smaller than that of the ball end mill in which the internal flow path 302 is finished.

상기와 같이 구성된 로터(410)는 상기 내부 유로(402)가 형성된 제 2로터 플레이트(412)와, 상기 내부 유로(402)를 덮는 상기 제 1로터 플레이트(411)로 구성됨으로써, 2개의 제 1,2로터 플레이트(411)(412)로 구성됨에 따라 상기 내부 유로(402)를 다양한 형상으로 제조가 가능하며, 상기 내부 유로(402)는 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(412)에만 형성됨으로서 구조가 간단해지고 성형 작업 및 시간이 단축될 수 있는 이점이 있다. 또한, 상기 내부 유로(402)의 단면이 반원 형상으로 이루어짐에 따라 작동 유체의 압력 손실이 저감될 수 있다. The rotor 410 configured as described above is composed of a second rotor plate 412 on which the inner flow path 402 is formed, and the first rotor plate 411 covering the inner flow path 402. As the two rotor plates 411 and 412 are manufactured, the inner flow path 402 may be manufactured in various shapes, and the inner flow path 402 is formed only in the second rotor plate 412, thereby simplifying the structure. And the molding operation and time can be shortened. In addition, as the cross section of the inner passage 402 is formed in a semicircular shape, the pressure loss of the working fluid may be reduced.

도 9는 본 발명의 제 4실시예에 따른 제 1로터 플레이트가 도시된 평면도이다. 도 10은 도 9에서 E-E선 단면도이다. 9 is a plan view showing a first rotor plate according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line E-E in FIG.

본 발명의 제 4실시예에 따른 로터는 2개의 제 1,2로터 플레이트(512)로 이루어지고, 상기 제 1,2로터 플레이트(511)(512)에는 각각 서로 마주보는 면에 제 1,2유로(510)(502)가 형성되고, 상기 제 1,2유로(510)(502)가 합해져서 작동 유체를 안내하는 하나의 내부 유로(520)를 이루며, 상기 제1,2유로(510)(502)는 적어도 일부분이 인볼류트 곡선 형태로 이루어진 것이 상기 실시예들과 상이하며, 상이한 점을 중심으로 상세히 설명한다. 이하, 상기 제 1,2로터 플레이트(511)(512)는 서로 마주보는 면에 형성된 상기 제1,2유로(510)(502)의 형상이 유사하므로, 상기 제 2로터 플레이트(512)를 중심으로 설명한다.The rotor according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is composed of two first and second rotor plates 512, and the first and second rotor plates 511 and 512 are respectively faced to each other. Flow paths 510 and 502 are formed, and the first and second flow paths 510 and 502 are combined to form one internal flow path 520 for guiding a working fluid, and the first and second flow paths 510 are formed. Reference numeral 502 differs from the above embodiments in that at least a portion is in the form of an involute curve, and will be described in detail with respect to different points. Hereinafter, since the shapes of the first and second flow paths 510 and 502 formed on the surfaces of the first and second rotor plates 511 and 512 are similar to each other, the first and second rotor plates 511 and 512 are centered on the second rotor plate 512. Explain.

상기 제 2로터 플레이트(512)에 형성된 상기 제 2유로(502)가 인볼류트 곡선 형태로 이루어짐에 따라 유로의 방향 변화가 완만하여 유로 변화로 인한 스팀의 압력 강하를 감소시킬 수 있다. 상기 제 2유로(502)의 외주면은 상기 로터 유입부(501)를 이루는 원의 외주면(501a)과 적어도 하나의 원호 형상을 이루도록 연결된다. 상기 원호(505)의 반경(r2)은 상기 로터 유입부(501)의 내경(r1)보다 크게 형성된다. 또한, 상기 제 2유로(502)를 이루는 인볼류트 곡선의 기초원 반경은 상기 로터 유입부(501)의 내경(r1)보다 작게 설정된다. As the second flow path 502 formed on the second rotor plate 512 is formed in an involute curve, the direction change of the flow path is moderate, thereby reducing the pressure drop of steam due to the flow path change. The outer circumferential surface of the second flow passage 502 is connected to form at least one arc shape with the outer circumferential surface 501a of the circle constituting the rotor inlet 501. The radius r 2 of the arc 505 is larger than the inner diameter r 1 of the rotor inlet 501. In addition, the base circle radius of the involute curve constituting the second flow passage 502 is set smaller than the inner diameter r 1 of the rotor inlet 501.

상기 제 2유로(502)의 배출부(502b)측에는 상기 제 2유로(502)의 배출부(502b)측보다 작은 단면적을 갖는 노즐부(503)가 설치된다. 상기 노즐부(503)는 상기 제 2유로(502)의 연장선 상에 배치되어, 상기 제 2유로(502)와 상기 노즐부(503)는 동일 인볼류트 곡선 상에 위치된다. 상기 노즐부(503)에 의해 배출되는 스팀의 압력 에너지가 속도 에너지가 증가되어, 스팀의 고속 분사가 가능하다. 다만, 이에 한정되지 않고, 상기 제 2유로(502)의 배출부(502b)측에 소경부를 갖는 별도의 노즐을 체결부재를 이용해 설치하여 사용하는 것도 가능하다.A nozzle portion 503 having a smaller cross-sectional area than that of the discharge portion 502b of the second flow passage 502 is provided on the discharge portion 502b side of the second flow passage 502. The nozzle portion 503 is disposed on an extension line of the second passage 502, so that the second passage 502 and the nozzle portion 503 are located on the same involute curve. The velocity energy of the pressure energy of steam discharged by the nozzle unit 503 is increased, thereby enabling high-speed injection of steam. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and a separate nozzle having a small diameter portion on the discharge portion 502b side of the second flow passage 502 may be installed and used using a fastening member.

상기 제 2유로(502)와 상기 제 1유로(510)는 상기 제 1,2로터 플레이트(511)(512)의 결합면을 중심으로 서로 대칭인 형상의 단면으로 이루어진다. The second flow path 502 and the first flow path 510 have cross-sections symmetrical with respect to a coupling surface of the first and second rotor plates 511 and 512.

본 실시예에서는, 도 10을 참조하면, 상기 제 1유로(510)와 상기 제 2유로(502)의 각 단면이 반원 형상으로 이루어진 것으로 예를 들어 설명한다. 상기 제 1유로(510)와 상기 제 2유로(502)의 각 단면이 반원 형상으로 이루어짐에 따라, 상기 제 1,2유로(510)(502)가 합해지면, 상기 내부 유로(520)는 원형 형상의 단면을 이루게 된다. 다만, 이에 한정되지 않고, 상기 내부 유로(520)의 단면 형상이 원형을 이루도록 형성되되 상기 제 1,2유로(510)(502)의 각 단면이 대칭이 아닌 것도 가능하다. 또한, 상기 제 1,2유로(510)(502)의 각 단면이 대칭을 이루되 반원 형상이 아닌 원호 형상을 이루거나 모서리가 라운드지게 형성되어 작동유체의 압력 손실을 줄이는 것도 물론 가능하다. In the present embodiment, referring to FIG. 10, each cross section of the first channel 510 and the second channel 502 has a semicircular shape. As the cross-sections of the first channel 510 and the second channel 502 are formed in a semicircle, when the first and second channels 510 and 502 are combined, the inner channel 520 is circular. A cross section of the shape is formed. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the cross-sectional shape of the inner flow passage 520 may be circular, but each cross section of the first and second flow passages 510 and 502 may not be symmetrical. In addition, the cross-sections of the first and second flow paths 510 and 502 may be symmetrical, but may be circular, not semi-circular, or rounded at corners, thereby reducing pressure loss of the working fluid.

상기와 같이 구성된 반작용식 터빈은, 스팀이 통과하는 상기 제 1,2유로(510)(502)가 각각 인볼류트 곡선 형태로 이루어지기 때문에, 중심측에서 외주측으로 안내되어 원주방향으로 분사되는 스팀의 유로 변화가 완만하여, 압력 손실이 저감되어 터빈의 성능이 향상될 수 있다. In the reaction turbine configured as described above, since the first and second flow paths 510 and 502 through which steam passes are formed in the involute curve form, the steam is guided from the center side to the outer circumferential side and injected in the circumferential direction. Since the flow path change is gentle, the pressure loss can be reduced and the performance of the turbine can be improved.

본 발명은 도면에 도시된 실시예를 참고로 설명되었으나 이는 예시적인 것에 불과하며, 본 기술 분야의 통상의 지식을 가진 자라면 이로부터 다양한 변형 및 균등한 다른 실시예가 가능하다는 점을 이해할 것이다. 따라서, 본 발명의 진정한 기술적 보호 범위는 첨부된 특허청구범위의 기술적 사상에 의하여 정해져야 할 것이다.Although the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, this is merely exemplary, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalent other embodiments are possible. Therefore, the true technical protection scope of the present invention will be defined by the technical spirit of the appended claims.

본 발명을 이용하면 부품의 공유가 가능하여 다양한 용량의 터빈 제작이 가능해질 수 있고, 작동유체의 유동시 압력손실을 최소화하여 터빈의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 반작용식 터빈을 제조할 수 있다.By using the present invention, it is possible to manufacture a turbine of various capacities due to the sharing of parts, and to manufacture a reaction turbine capable of improving the performance of the turbine by minimizing pressure loss during the flow of the working fluid.

Claims (12)

하우징 입구와 하우징 출구가 형성되고, 상기 하우징 입구로 유입되는 고압의 작동유체가 상기 하우징 출구 방향으로 이동할 수 있도록 상기 하우징 입구와 상기 하우징 출구 사이를 연통시키는 하우징 유로가 형성된 하우징과;A housing in which a housing inlet and a housing outlet are formed, and a housing flow path is formed for communicating between the housing inlet and the housing outlet such that the high-pressure working fluid flowing into the housing inlet moves in the direction of the housing outlet; 상기 하우징을 관통하고 상기 하우징에 회전 가능하게 결합된 회전축과;A rotating shaft penetrating the housing and rotatably coupled to the housing; 상기 하우징 유로 내에서 상기 회전축과 일체 결합되고, 중심측에서 축방향으로 유입된 작동 유체를 외주측으로 분사시킴에 따라 상기 회전축을 회전시키는 로터를 포함하고,A rotor integrally coupled to the rotation shaft in the housing flow path, the rotor rotating the rotation shaft by injecting a working fluid introduced in the axial direction from the center side to an outer circumferential side; 상기 로터는 2개의 제 1,2로터 플레이트가 축방향으로 결합되어 이루어지고, 상기 제 1,2로터 플레이트에서 각각 서로 마주보는 면에 제 1,2유로가 형성되고, 상기 제 1,2유로가 합해져서 작동유체를 안내하는 내부 유로를 이루는 반작용식 터빈.The rotor is formed by combining two first and second rotor plates in the axial direction, the first and second flow paths are formed on the surfaces of the first and second rotor plates facing each other, respectively, Reaction turbines, combined to form an internal flow path that guides the working fluid. 하우징 입구와 하우징 출구가 형성되고, 상기 하우징 입구로 유입되는 고압의 작동유체가 상기 하우징 출구 방향으로 이동할 수 있도록 상기 하우징 입구와 상기 하우징 출구 사이를 연통시키는 하우징 유로가 형성된 하우징과;A housing in which a housing inlet and a housing outlet are formed, and a housing flow path is formed for communicating between the housing inlet and the housing outlet such that the high-pressure working fluid flowing into the housing inlet moves in the direction of the housing outlet; 상기 하우징을 관통하고 상기 하우징에 회전 가능하게 결합된 회전축과;A rotating shaft penetrating the housing and rotatably coupled to the housing; 상기 하우징 유로 내에서 상기 회전축과 일체 결합되고, 중심측에서 축방향으로 유입된 작동 유체를 외주측으로 분사시킴에 따라 상기 회전축을 회전시키는 로터를 포함하고,A rotor integrally coupled to the rotation shaft in the housing flow path, the rotor rotating the rotation shaft by injecting a working fluid introduced in the axial direction from the center side to an outer circumferential side; 상기 로터는 2개의 제 1,2로터 플레이트가 축방향으로 결합되어 이루어지고, The rotor is made by combining two first and second rotor plates in the axial direction, 상기 제 2로터 플레이트에서 상기 제 1로터 플레이트를 향한 면에는 작동유체를 안내하는 내부 유로가 형성되고, 상기 제 1로터 플레이트는 상기 내부 유로의 전면을 덮도록 형성된 반작용식 터빈. An inner flow path for guiding a working fluid is formed on a surface from the second rotor plate toward the first rotor plate, and the first rotor plate is formed to cover the entire surface of the inner flow path. 청구항 1에 있어서,The method according to claim 1, 상기 제 1,2유로는, 상기 제 1,2로터 플레이트의 결합면을 중심으로 서로 대칭인 형상의 단면으로 이루어지는 반작용식 터빈.Said first and second flow paths, the reaction turbine consisting of cross-sections symmetrical with each other around the engagement surface of the first and second rotor plates. 청구항 1에 있어서,The method according to claim 1, 상기 제 1,2유로의 각 단면은 반원 형상으로 이루어지는 반작용식 터빈.Each cross-section of the first and second flow paths has a semicircular shape. 청구항 1에 있어서,The method according to claim 1, 상기 내부 유로의 단면은 원형 형상으로 이루어지는 반작용식 터빈.A reaction turbine having a cross section of the inner passage having a circular shape. 청구항 2에 있어서,The method according to claim 2, 상기 내부 유로의 단면은 반원 형상으로 이루어지는 반작용식 터빈.A reaction turbine having a cross section of the inner passage having a semicircular shape. 청구항 1 또는 청구항 2에 있어서,The method according to claim 1 or 2, 상기 내부 유로는 상기 제 1,2로터 플레이트의 주조 제작시 형성되고, 볼 엔드 밀을 이용해 마무리 가공하는 반작용식 터빈. The internal flow path is formed during the casting production of the first and second rotor plates, the reaction turbine is finished using a ball end mill. 청구항 1 또는 청구항 2에 있어서,The method according to claim 1 or 2, 상기 내부 유로의 배출 측에 연장되어 형성되며, 상기 내부 유로의 배출 측보다 작은 단면적을 갖는 노즐부를 더 포함하는 반작용식 터빈.And a nozzle unit extending on the discharge side of the inner passage and having a smaller cross-sectional area than the discharge side of the inner passage. 청구항 1 또는 청구항 2에 있어서,The method according to claim 1 or 2, 상기 로터는 복수개가 상기 하우징 유로내에서 축방향을 따라 다단으로 적층 배치되고,The rotor is arranged in a plurality of stacks along the axial direction in the housing passage, 전단의 로터로부터 외주측으로 분사된 작동유체는 상기 하우징 유로를 통해 후단의 로터의 중심측으로 유입되는 반작용식 터빈. Reaction turbine injected into the outer peripheral side from the rotor of the front end flows into the center side of the rotor of the rear end through the housing flow path. 청구항 1 또는 청구항 2에 있어서,The method according to claim 1 or 2, 상기 내부 유로는 적어도 일부분이 인볼류트 곡선 형태로 이루어지는 반작용식 터빈. And the inner flow passage is at least partially formed in the form of an involute curve. 청구항 10 있어서,The method according to claim 10, 상기 로터의 중심에는 작동유체를 축방향으로 유입하여 상기 내부 유로로 보내는 로터 유입부가 형성되고,The rotor inlet is formed at the center of the rotor to flow the working fluid in the axial direction to the inner flow path, 상기 로터 유입부의 외주면과 상기 내부 유로의 외주면은 적어도 하나의 원호 형상을 이루도록 연결되는 반작용식 터빈. The outer circumferential surface of the rotor inlet and the outer circumferential surface of the inner passage are connected to form at least one arc shape. 하우징 입구와 하우징 출구가 형성되고, 상기 하우징 입구로 유입되는 고압의 작동유체가 상기 하우징 출구 방향으로 이동할 수 있도록 상기 하우징 입구와 상기 하우징 출구 사이를 연통시키는 하우징 유로가 형성된 하우징과;A housing in which a housing inlet and a housing outlet are formed, and a housing flow path is formed for communicating between the housing inlet and the housing outlet such that the high-pressure working fluid flowing into the housing inlet moves in the direction of the housing outlet; 상기 하우징을 관통하고 상기 하우징에 회전 가능하게 결합된 회전축과;A rotating shaft penetrating the housing and rotatably coupled to the housing; 상기 하우징 유로 내에서 축방향을 따라 다단으로 적층 배치되고 상기 회전축과 일체 결합된 복수의 로터들로 이루어지고, 상기 각 로터의 중심측에서 축방향으로 유입된 작동 유체를 외주측으로 분사시킴에 따라 상기 회전축을 회전시키는 로터 조립체를 포함하고,The plurality of rotors are stacked in a plurality of stages along the axial direction in the housing flow path and integrally coupled to the rotating shaft, and inject the working fluid introduced in the axial direction from the center side of each rotor to the outer circumferential side. A rotor assembly for rotating the axis of rotation, 상기 각 로터는 2개의 로터 플레이트들이 축방향으로 결합되어 일체가 되고, 상기 로터 플레이트들에서 서로 마주보는 면에는 단면이 서로 대칭인 제 1,2유로가 각각 형성되고, 상기 제 1,2유로가 합해져 하나의 내부 유로를 이루는 반작용식 터빈.The rotors are integrally formed by coupling two rotor plates in an axial direction, and the first and second flow paths having symmetrical cross sections are formed on surfaces facing each other in the rotor plates, respectively. Reaction turbines combined to form one internal flow path.
PCT/KR2013/003264 2012-05-10 2013-04-18 Reaction turbine Ceased WO2013168904A1 (en)

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