Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
  • B60J3/00—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles
  • B60J3/06—Antiglare equipment associated with windows or windscreens; Sun visors for vehicles using polarising effect
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
  • G02B3/0006—Arrays
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
  • G02B3/12—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses
  • G02B3/14—Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses of variable focal length
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
  • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
  • G02B5/0236—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
  • G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
  • G02B5/0278—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in transmission
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
  • G02F1/13471—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells in which all the liquid crystal cells or layers remain transparent, e.g. FLC, ECB, DAP, HAN, TN, STN, SBE-LC cells

Definitions

• the invention relates to devices for protection against glare and can be used as anti-glare system with
• Adaptive Polarizing Anti-Glare Filter [4] containing a controlled polarizing filter, at least one receiver of external optical radiation, at least one position sensor in the space of the pupils of the eyes vehicle driver and processor making decisions.
• the claimed technical solution in the annex to vehicles is aimed at creating an effective anti-glare filter with minimal loss and adaptive to glare radiation sources.
• liquid crystal (LC) films the opposite surfaces of which have electrode systems (SE), the direction of which on one surface differs from the direction of their location on another surface, and the surfaces of the optically transparent dielectric substance - thin optically transparent substrates contain orientations, as well as containing a processing system signals and controls, including at least one sensor for recording the intensity and directions of arrival of the polarization components of the external optics eskogo radiation (DFIN) (6) passing through the filter to the external receivers of optical radiation (4), at least one decision-making processor, at least one position sensor in the space of external optical radiation receivers (9)
• At least one formation system from the output of which control signals are distributed between the electrode systems (13) of the corresponding liquid crystal films for local change in the properties of the zones specified by at least one decision-making processor, and in addition contains at least one irradiator (7) for illuminating external receivers
• optical radiation (4) and the position sensor in the space of the receivers of external optical radiation (9), in addition, captures them
• each of the polarizing components of the external optical radiation passes through at least two coordinates coordinated with it
• receivers of external optical radiation the intensity of which exceeds the set by the sensor for fixing the intensity and directions of arrival of the polarization components of the external optical
• corresponding electrode systems are formed by one of of orientants in one, or in part, or in all successively installed liquid crystal films (10), spatial optical anisotropy scattering radiation passing through the filter, while a sequence of spatially separated liquid crystal films aligned along the plane of polarization by means of an orientant with one of the polarizing radiation components has been established in front of a sequence of spatially spaced liquid crystal films matched along the plane of polarization osredstvom orientant other orthogonal
• each liquid crystal film contains arrays of metal rods of nanometer sizes, in order
• lens systems are formed whose parameters are substantially
• the floating threshold installation system that determines the average intensity of radiation reflected from the near-surface zone from the near-field zone at a given time, and settings relative to it, the threshold of the formation system inclusion in the specified filter zones of lens systems, whose parameters are essential
• the filter is installed at an angle to the transmitted radiation, and contains a light absorber located so that it reflects from the filter surface from the driver’s side
• the output side contains a reflector of external optical radiation.
• the output side contains a sensor for estimating the average intensity of external optical radiation.
• the outer surfaces have an antireflection coating.
• Figure 1 shows the scattering by the filter (3) of the PPF of the external glare radiation (1) when it exceeds a predetermined threshold.
• Figure 3 shows the profile of the electric field generated by one carbon nanotube when the control potentials are applied to the filter electrodes, and the location of the LC molecules in this field with the initial homeotropic orientation of the LC molecules.
• Figure 4 presents a drawing showing the location of multilayer nanotubes on optically transparent substrates, for the formation of lens systems whose parameters substantially correspond to cylindrical lenses.
• Figure 5 shows a fragment of spatially separated
• Fig. B shows a fragment of the scattering zone of the filter, in which liquid crystal films scattering orthogonal
• Fig. B shows a fragment of the scattering zone of the filter, in which liquid crystal films scattering orthogonal
• an LCD film is sequentially installed in which arrays of carbon nanotubes forming lens systems, the parameters of which substantially correspond to cylindrical lenses are located in a horizontal plane.
• Figure 7 shows the installation of the filter, at an angle to the radiation passing through it, to eliminate possible glare from its surface from the driver's side, using a light absorber.
• the threshold for the glare protection system is set.
• Figure 9 shows the zone "B" of the receiving matrix (DFIN) (6), which gives information about the level of the floating support - the average intensity of the reflected radiation at a given time, region "A"
• Figure 10 shows a possible embodiment of the DFIN sensor, in which an optical attenuator is installed in front of the receiving matrix to stabilize the brightness of the radiation reflected from the reference section of the road at a given level.
• Figure 1 1 presents a table JV l of the ratio of the brightness of the source of the oncoming radiation scattered by the filter and the intrinsic spot
• the polarizing anti-glare filter (1ShF) (FigL) contains serially installed optically transparent systems using an optically transparent dielectric substance - thin optically transparent substrates and sequences of liquid crystal films (10), opposite surfaces which have systems of electrodes (SE) (13), the direction of which on one surface differs from the direction of their location on another surface, the surface of the optically transparent
• dielectric substances (11) contain orientants, and also contains a signal processing and control system that includes at least one sensor for recording the intensity and directions of arrival
• spaced LCD films placed in front of a sequence of spatially spaced LCD films aligned along the plane of polarization by means of an orientant with another orthogonal
• the electrode system of one of the surfaces of each liquid crystal film contains arrays of metal rods of nanometer sizes, arranged orderly in orthogonal planes, on which multilayer carbon nanotubes are grown, and their installation density in one plane is much higher than in the orthogonal plane, and lens systems are formed in liquid crystal films / film, the parameters of which substantially correspond
• cylindrical lenses and / or liquid crystal films are mutually deployed, and at least one matching polarization plane rotator (15), an orientant, is also introduced
• transparent substrates (11), contains an external reflector
• optical radiation contains a sensor for assessing the average intensity of external optical radiation, an analyzer of spectral composition, a light filter, is made in the form of glasses and contains a case of glasses and an external unit, the outer surfaces of the filter (3) have an antireflection coating, and also contains a system for maintaining the temperature of the PPF in the working interval.
• the device operates as follows:
• the polarizing anti-glare filter (PPF) ( Figure 1) is fixed in the vehicle (ground, air, etc.), while the filter (3) can be located in an assembled (folded) form in this way so that, if necessary, it can be introduced before the eyes of the driver of the vehicle, for protection from external optical radiation of high brightness, at a distance of, for example, 200 ... 1000 mm, or mounted on the windshield of the vehicle or combined with the windshield, or made in in the form of glasses, as well as a falling visor on the helmet, for example, a motorcyclist, and in addition, the filter (3) can be applied to passengers of the vehicle.
• PPF polarizing anti-glare filter
• At least one fixation sensor (receiver) for the intensity and directions of arrival of the polarization components of external optical radiation (DFIN) (6) passing through the filter to the external optical radiation receivers (4) is installed on or near the filter holder (3), from a given sector of the front hemisphere, at least one position sensor in the space of the receivers of external optical radiation (9) - the pupils of the eyes of the driver (4), and at least one
• a signal processing and control system is installed on the holder or in the dashboard of the vehicle, including them, as well as at least one decision-making processor, and at least one system
• Position sensors in the space of optical radiation receivers (9) ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ ) - pupils of the driver’s eyes can be performed using low-speed, high-resolution photodetector arrays operating in a narrow spectral range.
• narrow-band filters can be installed that are matched in spectrum with an irradiator / irradiators, which will increase the noise immunity of the system.
• the irradiators illuminating the radiation receivers (4) can operate continuously, pulsed or have a different type of modulation, and the beam / rays of the irradiators can scan the sector in which the radiation receivers are located (4), and the position sensors of the radiation receivers (9) in their work can use, for example, red-eye.
• the pupils are highlighted through the frame, followed by subtraction of the frames following one after another, and to eliminate reflections from the lenses of the glasses, the irradiator emits one polarization, and the DPS accepts orthogonal.
• Laser illumination is possible when speckles are suppressed [6], using a narrow-band optical filter, for example, an interference filter, at the input of the DPC.
• the position sensors in the space of the radiation receivers (9) record the geometric parameters of the radiation receivers (4), for example, the diameter of the pupils of the eyes of the driver, the relative parameters of which can change with the expansion / contraction of the pupils and
• control device increases or decreases the scattering areas (zones) of the filter (3), which will optimize the information content of the space viewed through the filter.
• polarization components of optical radiation can be performed using at least one color matrix, divided into two parts, in front of which there are input lenses, an attenuator controlled by a resolving device (RU) ( Figure 10),
• the optical filter system (3) (FIG. 1) contains serially mounted optically transparent systems (FIG. 5) using an optically transparent dielectric substance — thin optically transparent substrates (11) and sequences of liquid crystal (LC) films (10), the opposite surfaces of which have electrode systems (SE) (13), the location of which on the same surface
• dielectric substances contain orientants that specify the initial orientation of the LC molecules, for example, planar, homeotropic or inclined, as well as the orientation of the LC molecules, which they acquire under the influence of an electric field generated when applied to
• each of the polarizing components of the external optical radiation passes through at least two
• the corresponding electrode systems form, by means of one of the orientations in one or in part of the films, or in all successively mounted LCD films, spatial optical anisotropy that partially or partially scatters the radiation passing through the filter, while a sequence of spatially spaced liquid crystal films matched in the plane polarization by means of an orientant with one of the polarizing components of the radiation, mounted in front of a sequence of spatially spaced liquid crystal films (10), aligned along the plane of polarization by means of an orientant with another, orthogonal polarizing component of the radiation, and / or to almost halve the total thickness of the filter, one is embedded in the other , so that spatially spaced sequences of liquid crystal films (10) are mutually alternating (Figure 5).
• the polarizing anti-glare filter uses a technology for combining LCs with vertically grown carbon nanotubes, developed by a team of scientists led by Dr. Tim Wilkinson from Cambridge University
• each liquid crystal film contains arrays of metal rods of nanometer sizes, arranged orderly in orthogonal planes on which multilayer
• lens systems are formed whose parameters are substantially
• Fig. 6a, b correspond to cylindrical lenses scattering the radiation of the corresponding polarizing components in the vertical planes (Fig. 5) and / or liquid crystal films scattering the orthogonal polarizing components of radiation are mutually deployed (Fig. b), and the polarizing components of radiation are scattered at given angles, while the orientations in all LCD films (Fig. 6a, b) can have the same parameters (characteristics) and are applied in the same way, and sequences of LCD films scattering the orthogonal polarizing components of the transmitted radiation are mutually rotated through an angle of ⁇ 45 degrees, and accordingly lens systems whose parameters substantially correspond to cylindrical lenses, formed array of carbon nanotubes, also be deployed at an angle of ⁇ 45 degrees. (Fig.
• the electrode systems in such a filter can be deposited on opposite surfaces of optically transparent substrates, between which each of the LCD films is enclosed, similarly to the filter of Fig. 5, respectively, in vertical and horizontal
• LCD films can be sequentially installed in which arrays of carbon nanotubes forming lens systems whose parameters substantially correspond to cylindrical lenses are located in a horizontal plane (Fig. Bb), which will allow
• orientants may have
• Figures 2a, b show fragments of a filter constructed using ordered, vertical arrays of multilayer carbon nanotubes (12), for example, 2 ⁇ m long and 50 nm in diameter, grown on one of the transparent substrates [5], between which
• FIG. 2 a homeotropically (FIG. 2 a) or planar (FIG. 2 b) oriented LC molecules, and systems of optically transparent electrodes are deposited on the substrates, which are mutually orthogonal, while the width of the electrodes can be, for example, 0.5 ... 1.0 mm., and is determined by the minimum resolution of the scattering zones of the filter, the minimum size of which corresponds to the minimum pupil size, with a correction for a value that depends on the accuracy characteristics of systems that determine the position of pupils in space and sources of blinding radiation, as well as the speed of the data processing system.
• Fig. 3 shows the profile of the electric field [5] formed by one multilayer carbon nanotube when control potentials are applied to the filter electrodes, and the location of the LC molecules in this field with the initial homeotropic orientation of the LC molecules.
• the plane in which the LC molecules are reoriented in the electric field is determined by the orientant deposited on optically transparent substrates, and
• the orientant orientates the LC molecules upon supply
• liquid crystal films (10) Figure 5
• the thickness of which can be 10 microns.
• control potentials are not applied to the electrodes, in F - films
• the sensor / sensors for recording the intensity and directions of arrival of the polarizing components of optical radiation (DFIN) (6) provides signals to at least one decision-making processor containing information about the intensity of the polarizing components of external optical radiation, the spectral composition and direction of their arrival which, in accordance with these data and the data from the sensor / position sensors in the space of the receivers of external optical radiation relative to the filter (DPP) (9), is built in According to their coordinates between them (virtually) a straight line determines the points or zones of the passage of this line through the filter (3), and then through at least one the control device distributes the control signals between the electrode systems (13), using, for example, the multiplex method or the active matrix addressing method using memory cells, so that on the way of the rays of external optical radiation to the radiation receivers - the eyes of the driver (4) of the molecule’s vehicle liquid crystal films (10) in the corresponding zones of the PPF filter under the influence of an electric field locally modulated by these signals change their orientation in
• the data of the filter zone (3) acquire optical anisotropy for one or both polarization components, and accordingly
• the location of the cylindrical lenses (14) in the horizontal plane or at angles of ⁇ 45 degrees, will allow you to scatter external optical radiation exceeding the specified threshold in the corresponding zones of the filter (3) in the vertical plane and / or at angles of ⁇ 45 degrees., And thus , this radiation does not fall on the second (neighboring) radiation receiver (driver’s eyes), and will not cause corresponding interference to the driver of the vehicle means, and a change in potentials on optically transparent electrodes (13) forming lens systems will lead to a controlled change in their focal length and, accordingly, the degree of scattering of glare radiation.
• At least one high-speed processor can be introduced that processes the data of a position sensor in the space of receivers of external optical radiation (4), as well as determining their geometric parameters.
• optical radiation (9) which will reduce the load from the decision-making processor and the requirements for its speed.
• the zones or scattering zones into groups to which control signals are addressed, and which are updated, supplemented with new segments (points) or new ones appear zones, as well as exclusion from groups of non-renewable segments or zones, and, in addition, this will significantly reduce the requirements for the conductivity of optically transparent electrodes.
• the response threshold of the anti-glare system is set, and “B” is the receiving matrix area (DFIN) (6) (Fig. 9), which gives information about the level of the floating support - the average intensity of the reflected radiation at a given time, the area “A” of the road surface , for installation relative to its threshold of operation of the anti-glare system, taking into account the adaptive characteristic of the driver’s eyes.
• DFIN receiving matrix area
• this area of the matrix receives the radiation of its own headlights reflected from the road surface at dusk, plus external, natural radiation, and in the daytime, mainly external, natural radiation.
• Figure 10 shows a possible variant of constructing a DFIN sensor, in which an attenuator is installed in front of the receiving matrix, for
• the attenuator can be made using polaroids, between which a controlled rotator of the plane of polarization is enclosed, while the plane of polarization of the polaroids are mutually
• the components of radiation, and the signal level of the reference zone, for example, for the horizontal polarization component can be used by attenuators of both systems.
• DFIN ( Figure 10) is made using one color matrix, which is divided into two parts, in front of which there are input lenses, an attenuator controlled by a resolving device (RU), transmitting the orthogonal polarization components of external radiation, respectively, in different parts of the matrix, and possibly
• auto iris or can be performed on two matrices, in front of which lenses and an attenuator are similarly mounted.
• a color matrix is necessary for identifying such signals as, for example, traffic signals, “stop” - signals of vehicles moving in front, etc., for which the filter should be transparent.
• a separate photodetector As a signal level sensor, received from the reference zone, a separate photodetector can be used.
• a manual adjustment of the threshold level can be introduced, for example, in wet weather. It is possible to introduce rain sensors to automatically adjust the threshold level, as well as ambient light sensors, and in difficult conditions, the brightness of oncoming radiation sources (headlights) is also analyzed.
• Ambient light sensors determine the integral brightness of the radiation in a cone with an angle, for example, 120 ... 160 degrees.
• information from the sensor can be entered into the storage device to monitor traffic conditions.
• the filter is installed at an angle to the radiation passing through it (Fig. 7), for example, at an angle of 30 degrees, relative to the vertical, and contains a light absorber located in such a way that reflected from filter surface driver's side
• the liquid crystal films (10) are optically matched with an antireflection coating and optically transparent dielectric substance - thin optically transparent substrates (11), between which are enclosed.
• the reflector of external optical radiation from the output side of the PPF filter When installing the reflector of external optical radiation from the output side of the PPF filter, it can be used on the vehicle as anti-glare side mirrors and rear-view mirrors, in which, similarly, under the influence of control potentials on systems
• lens systems are formed whose parameters substantially correspond to cylindrical lenses (12) with variable focal lengths, scattering transmitted radiation, which is reflected from the output side of the filter, and again passes through filter systems (3) scattering this radiation, and optical radiation of lower intensity, below the threshold passes through filter (3) without changes, is reflected from the reflector (mirror) and passes to at ISRC optical radiation, the eyes of the driver (4).
• changing the focal length of the systems of cylindrical lenses, by means of control potentials on the electrodes will allow you to adjust the intensity of the radiation passing to the receiver (4).
• the signal processing and control system may be common for controlling mirror systems and for the filter of FIG. 1, located in front of the eyes of the driver of the vehicle, in the front hemisphere.
• the beam lowers and illuminates the roadway at a distance of 50 ... 70 meters, while the brightness of the headlights practically remains the same and, accordingly, the brightness of the spot reflected from the roadway does not change significantly, but the brightness of the headlights of an oncoming vehicle, when they switch to the dipped beam, decreases by at least an order of magnitude - the headlight dazzles not with a direct beam, but with diffused light. For this reason, the values of the ratios of brightnesses, sources of oncoming radiation and brightness of the spot of intrinsic radiation reflected from the road, given in the tables, can be reduced by at least an order of magnitude.
• external optical radiation (1) for example, natural emitters and reflectors (sun, clouds, road, vegetation, etc.), natural illumination in the twilight time, which will optimize the work of the DFIN, changing the threshold level in relation to the adaptive characteristic of the driver’s eyes (4) to light.
• received external optical radiation (1) which can be used to analyze incoming information in order to exclude radiation scattering with useful and necessary information, for example, traffic signals of high brightness or other signals.
• change the spectral composition of the received radiation contains a filter that corrects its spectrum.
• a PPF built by this technology can be made thin enough, which will allow it to build light glasses, as well as a dropping visor on a helmet, for example, a motorcyclist.
• control unit When applying a filter in the form of glasses, the control unit, the decision-making processor and other nodes can be brought out of the frames design into the external unit, for example, installed
• the external unit may comprise a control panel for filter operation modes.
• an antireflection coating such as Nippon film Electric Glass, which will achieve surface transparency within 99.5%.
• the PPF filter transmits losslessly polarized and non-polarized radiation to radiation receivers - pupils of the driver’s eyes of the vehicle (4) from any direction within a given viewing sector from the front hemisphere, and / or through the mirrors of the vehicle, if its intensity is lower than the specified threshold and simultaneously scatters polarized and non-polarized radiation independently, from any direction within a given viewing sector, if its intensity exceeds a given threshold, and the degree scattering depends on the brightness of external optical radiation sources.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Nonlinear Science (AREA)
• Liquid Crystal (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Mathematical Physics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Polarising Elements (AREA)

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Publications (2)

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• 2012
  • 2012-03-12 RU RU2012110161/28A patent/RU2012110161A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2013
  • 2013-03-11 WO PCT/RU2013/000195 patent/WO2013151460A2/fr not_active Ceased

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