WO2013146615A1 - プリズム及びセンサーチップ - Google Patents
プリズム及びセンサーチップ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013146615A1 WO2013146615A1 PCT/JP2013/058400 JP2013058400W WO2013146615A1 WO 2013146615 A1 WO2013146615 A1 WO 2013146615A1 JP 2013058400 W JP2013058400 W JP 2013058400W WO 2013146615 A1 WO2013146615 A1 WO 2013146615A1
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- prism
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/04—Prisms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/648—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters using evanescent coupling or surface plasmon coupling for the excitation of fluorescence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/008—Surface plasmon devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a measuring device that performs measurement using surface plasmons, and a prism and a sensor chip used for measurement using surface plasmons.
- the SPR chip includes a dielectric prism (dielectric medium) and a metal film formed on one surface of the dielectric prism and in contact with an observation sample.
- SPFS surface plasmon excitation enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy
- An analysis chip using SPFS (hereinafter referred to as “SPFS chip”) is similar to the aforementioned SPR chip in the configuration for exciting surface plasmons.
- the SPFS chip is different from the above-described SPR chip in that the electric field enhancement effect of the evanescent wave generated when the surface plasmon and the evanescent wave resonate and the phosphor is added to the observation sample.
- the above-described enhanced electric field enhances fluorescence from the phosphor applied to the sample, and by detecting it, it is possible to detect with high sensitivity even with a minute concentration sample compared to the SPR chip. .
- both the SPR chip and the SPFS chip use a dielectric prism with a metal film as a part of the analysis chip, and generate surface plasmon resonance. Therefore, a common point is that specific linearly polarized light (P-polarized light) is incident on the dielectric prism as excitation light.
- the analysis chip is preferably disposable for each measurement in consideration of the efficiency and safety of measurement work. Therefore, the dielectric prism material has been switched from glass to a resin that can be manufactured at low cost. Yes.
- the dielectric prism is made of resin
- the polarization state of the excitation light incident on the prism is broken due to internal distortion caused by heat and stress generated during prism molding. For this reason, the surface plasmon resonance state is less likely to occur, and there is a problem that the detection accuracy is lowered.
- high sensitivity detection is possible as described above. Therefore, in the analysis using the SPFS chip, higher measurement accuracy than that of the SPR chip is required. That is, a sufficiently high polarization state maintenance ratio and a uniform polarization state distribution are required.
- the inventors of the present application have found that the sensitivity and accuracy of measurement can be improved by maintaining the polarization state of incident excitation light at a high level and making the distribution of the polarization state uniform.
- a prism reflecting one aspect of the present invention has the following configuration.
- the prism is made of a dielectric medium and is used for analysis using surface plasmons.
- the incident surface receives excitation light from the outside, and reflects the excitation light incident on the incident surface.
- a sensor chip reflecting one aspect of the present invention includes the prism described above and a flow path forming body in which a flow path is formed.
- the prism of the present invention it is possible to improve the measurement sensitivity and accuracy at low cost.
- FIG. 13B is a bottom view of FIG. 13A.
- FIG. 14B is a bottom view of FIG. 14A. It is a top view which shows the other example of the positional relationship of the shape of a prism, and a protrusion pin.
- FIG. 15B is a bottom view of FIG. 15A. It is an external appearance perspective view of the prism used for a measurement. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. 16A. It is a top view of the prism for demonstrating the amount of sink marks. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. 17A. 6 is a plan view of a prism according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 14B is a bottom view of FIG. 14A. It is a top view which shows the other example of the positional relationship of the shape of a prism, and a protrusion pin.
- FIG. 15B is a bottom view of FIG. 15A. It is an external appearance perspective view of the prism used for a measurement. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. 16A. It is
- FIG. 18A It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. 18A.
- FIG. 18B is a side view of FIG. 18A. It is the graph which showed the P polarization maintenance factor distribution with respect to the protrusion method different from the presence or absence of sink. It is the table
- 5 is a plan view of a prism according to a comparative example and Example 1.
- FIG. 21B is a side view of FIG. 21A.
- 5 is a plan view of a prism according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 22B is a side view of FIG. 22A. It is a schematic diagram at the time of providing a burr escape in FIG. It is a top view of a prism at the time of injection-molding in the metal mold
- the measurement apparatus 1000 is an apparatus that performs measurement by chip surface plasmon excitation fluorescence spectroscopy (SPFS).
- SPFS chip surface plasmon excitation fluorescence spectroscopy
- the measurement apparatus 1000 includes an irradiation mechanism 1020, a measurement mechanism 1022, a liquid feeding mechanism 1024, a sensor chip 1026, a reagent chip 1028, and a controller 1030.
- the irradiation mechanism 1020 includes a laser diode I050, a linear polarizing plate I052, a mirror 1054, and a mirror driving mechanism 1056.
- the measurement mechanism 1022 includes a photomultiplier tube 1070, a low-pass filter 1072, a low-pass filter driving mechanism 1074, and a photodiode 1076. Components other than these components may be added to the measurement apparatus 1000. Some of these components may be omitted from the measurement apparatus 1000.
- the sensor chip 1026 includes a prism 1090, a gold film 1092, and a flow path forming body 1096.
- the flow path forming body 1096 includes a flow path forming sheet 1110 and a flow path forming lid 1112.
- a flow path (not shown) is formed in the flow path forming body 1096.
- This flow path includes a supply path, a reaction chamber, and a recovery path.
- the reaction chamber is formed in the flow path forming sheet 1110.
- the supply path and the recovery path are formed in the flow path forming lid 1112.
- the sensor chip 1026 is also called “inspection chip”, “analysis chip”, “biochip”, “sample cell”, or the like.
- the sensor chip 1026 is preferably a structure having a length of each side in the range of several millimeters to several centimeters, but the “chip” is replaced by a smaller or larger structure that is difficult to call. May be.
- the prism 1090 is a dielectric medium made of a resin transparent to the excitation light EL, and the shape thereof is a trapezoidal column, preferably an isosceles trapezoidal column.
- the shape of the prism 1090 is determined so that the excitation light EL can be incident on the reflecting surface 1172 at an incident angle ⁇ at which the electric field enhancement is maximized.
- the prism 1090 may be other than the trapezoidal column, and the prism 1090 may be replaced with a shape that is difficult to call a “prism”.
- the prism 1090 may be a semi-cylindrical body, and the prism 1090 may be replaced with a plate. A method for manufacturing the prism 1090 will be described later.
- the prism 1090 includes an entrance surface 1170, a reflection surface 1172, an exit surface 1174, and a sink surface 1175.
- One inclined side surface of the prism 1090 becomes the incident surface 1170
- the wide parallel side surface of the prism 1090 becomes the reflecting surface 1172
- the other inclined side surface of the prism 1090 becomes the emitting surface 1174
- the opposing surface facing the reflecting surface 1172 Becomes the sink surface 1175.
- the prism 1090 has an incident surface 1170, a reflecting surface 1172, and an emitting surface 1174 so that the excitation light EL is incident on the incident surface 1170, reflected by the reflecting surface 1172, and emitted from the emitting surface 1174.
- the resin material that is the material of the prism 1090 is transparent to the excitation light EL.
- the prism 1090 is preferably resistant to organic solvents, acidic solutions and alkaline solutions. Resistance is evaluated by a test method defined in JIS K7114.
- the organic solvent include ethanol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), acetone, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and the like.
- An acidic solution is a solution having a pH of 4 to 7.
- An alkaline solution is a solution having a pH of 7-8.
- the hardness of the prism 1090 is desirably H or less. As a result, a mixed layer (conductor driving layer) is easily formed on the surface of the prism 1090, and the adhesion strength between the conductor film and the prism is improved.
- the hardness is evaluated by a test method defined in JIS K5401.
- the water absorption rate of the prism 1090 is desirably 0.2% or less, and more desirably 0.1% or less. Thereby, when the prism 1090 is immersed in the liquid, the water absorbed by the prism 1090 is reduced.
- the water absorption rate is evaluated by a test method defined in JIS K7209. JIS K7209 defines test methods for the water absorption rate and the boiling water absorption rate of plastics.
- the refractive index (n) of the prism 1090 is 1.5 or more.
- the photoelastic coefficient of the resin material that is the material of the prism 1090 is desirably 80 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 Pa ⁇ 1 or less.
- the prism 1090 is manufactured using a resin material that is desirably 46 nm or less.
- the amount of P-polarized component incident on the reflecting surface 1172 of the prism 1090 increases.
- the light amount of the surface plasmon excitation fluorescence FL increases, and the sensitivity and accuracy of measurement are improved.
- the amount of autofluorescence emitted when a sample amount serving as the detection lower limit is supplied is less than the amount of the surface plasmon excitation fluorescence FL emitted from the sample.
- the amount of sample here is the amount of antigen, and the specific value of the amount of antigen at the lower limit of detection is a small value such as 0.25 mol, for example.
- the maintenance rate of the P-polarized light component in the section from the incident surface to the reflecting surface of the P-polarized light incident on the prism is 90% or more, preferably 98% ⁇ 2% in the detection range.
- FIG. 5 shows the procedure for measuring the maintenance rate of the P-polarized light component in the section from the incident surface to the reflecting surface of the prism 1090.
- the schematic diagram of FIG. 6 shows an apparatus for measuring the maintenance rate of the P-polarized light component in the section from the incident surface to the reflecting surface of the prism 1090.
- the prism 1090 and the reference prism 1190 are prepared as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 (step S101).
- the reference prism 1190 is made of a material that is transparent to the excitation light EL and does not cause birefringence.
- the reference prism 1190 is made of glass such as BK7.
- the refractive index of the prism 1090 and the refractive index of the reference prism 1190 are matched. Thereby, the refraction and reflection of light at the interface between the prism 1090 and the reference prism 1190 are suppressed, and the maintenance rate of the P-polarized component in the section SC1 is easily measured.
- the refractive index of the prism 1090 and the refractive index of the reference prism 1190 do not match, it is possible to measure the maintenance factor of the P-polarized component in the section SC1.
- the reflecting surface 1172 of the prism 1090 and the incident surface 1210 of the reference prism 1190 are pasted together (step S102). Thereby, a bonded body 1230 of the prism 1090 and the reference prism 1190 is produced.
- a matching oil 1250 is preferably interposed between the reflecting surface 1172 of the prism 1090 and the incident surface 1210 of the reference prism 1190.
- the maintenance rate of the P-polarized component in the section SC1 is easily measured.
- the matching oil 1250 may be omitted.
- the bonded body 1230 is attached to the measuring device 1270, and the measurement light ML is irradiated to the bonded body 1230 (step S103).
- the measurement light ML enters the incident surface 1170 of the prism 1090, passes through the reflecting surface 1172 of the prism 1090 and the incident surface 1210 of the reference prism 1190, and exits from the exit surface 1232 of the reference prism 1190.
- Measurement light ML is emitted from laser diode 1290, passes through polarization rotator 1292, and enters incident surface 1170 of prism 1090.
- the wavelength, the light amount, and the incident angle ⁇ of the measurement light ML are made to coincide with the wavelength, the light amount, and the incident angle ⁇ of the excitation light EL, respectively.
- the maintenance rate of the P-polarized component in the section SC is measured under the same conditions as when the light amount of the surface plasmon excitation fluorescence FL is measured.
- the measurement light ML is linearly polarized light, and the polarization direction of the measurement light ML is adjusted to the same polarization direction as the P-polarized light with respect to the reflection surface 1172 of the prism 1090 by a fixed polarization rotator 1292.
- the laser diode 1290 is, for example, a He—Ne laser whose wavelength of emitted light is 632 nm, and emits a beam having a cross-sectional diameter of 1 mm.
- the maintenance ratio of the P-polarized light component in the section SC2 from the incident surface 1170 of the prism 1090 to the exit surface 1232 of the reference prism 1190 is measured (step S104).
- the maintenance rate of the P-polarized component in the section SC2 is equated with the maintenance ratio of the P-polarized component in the section SC1.
- the measurement light ML emitted from the emission surface 1232 of the reference prism 1190 passes through the polarization rotator 1294 and reaches the power meter 1296.
- the polarization rotator 1294 is rotated up to 180 ° around the optical axis in units of 15 °, and the amount of the measurement light ML is measured by a power meter 1296.
- the maintenance factor of the P-polarized component in the section SC1 is measured.
- the maintenance rate of the P-polarized component in the section SC1 may be measured by other measurement methods.
- the prism 1090 and the reference prism 1190 are separated (step S105).
- ⁇ Measurement of autofluorescence> When the amount of autofluorescence is measured, a Raman spectrometer is prepared and the fluorescence spectrum is measured. The prism 1090 is irradiated with laser light having a wavelength that matches the wavelength of the excitation light EL. When laser light having a wavelength of 632 nm is applied to the prism 1090, a filter that attenuates light having a wavelength of 650 nm or less is used when the amount of autofluorescence is measured.
- the resin constituting the prism 1090 is preferably a cycloolefin polymer, and more preferably ZEONEX_E48R (trade name, hereinafter simply referred to as “E48R”) manufactured by Nippon Zeon. At a wavelength of 632 nm, the refractive index of E48R is 1.51. E48R has the advantage that the amount of emitted autofluorescence is small.
- FIG. 7 shows the spectrum of autofluorescence.
- FIG. 7 shows the autofluorescence spectra of E48R and the comparison resins “Comparative 1”, “Comparative 2”, “Comparative 3” and “Comparative 4”.
- the wavelength of the excitation light EL is 632 nm
- the amount of autofluorescence emitted by the E48R in the wavelength region of 650 to 680 nm, which is the measurement wavelength region (detection light receiving region, arrow section in FIG. 7) of the surface plasmon excitation fluorescence FL Is significantly less than the resin being compared.
- the integrated intensity of autofluorescence in the measurement wavelength region is also extremely small in E48R as shown in the following table, and is less than 5000 cps even when variation is taken into consideration, and the amount of autofluorescence is the amount of light of surface plasmon excitation fluorescence FL. Less.
- FIG. 8 and 9 are cross-sectional views showing the vicinity of the boundary between the gold film and the prism.
- FIG. 8 shows the case where the hardness of the prism is H or less.
- FIG. 9 shows a case where the hardness of the prism is greater than H.
- the hardness is H or less, for example, when the prism 1090 is made of ZEONEX_E48R (trade name) manufactured by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. (Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo) and the hardness of the prism 1090 is H, as shown in FIG.
- a mixed layer 1310 having a layer thickness of 2 to 3 nm is formed on the surface of 1090.
- FIB-TEM focused ion beam-transmission electron microscope
- the hardness is higher than H, for example, when the prism 1090 is made from ZEONEX_330R (trade name) manufactured by ZEON Corporation and the hardness of the prism 1090 is 3H, the mixed layer 1310 is not formed as shown in FIG. Sufficient film adhesion could not be obtained.
- an antigen is bound to an antibody (hereinafter referred to as “immobilized antibody”) immobilized on an antigen capture membrane (not shown) by an immune reaction (antigen-antibody reaction), and the antigen is Captured by the capture membrane.
- an immune reaction antigen-antibody reaction
- a fluorescently labeled antibody hereinafter referred to as “fluorescently labeled antibody”
- fluorescently labeled antibody is bound to the antigen by an immune reaction, and the fluorescent label is added to the antigen captured on the antigen capturing film.
- the excitation light EL is irradiated onto the prism 1090 by the irradiation mechanism 1020 as shown in FIG.
- the excitation light EL irradiated to the prism 1090 travels inside the prism 1090 as shown in FIG. 4, is reflected by the reflecting surface 1172 (specifically, the interface between the prism 1090 and the gold film 1092), and is emitted from the emitting surface 1174. Exits from. While the excitation light EL is applied to the prism 1090, the evanescent wave and the plasmon on the surface of the gold film 1092 resonate from the interface between the prism 1090 and the gold film 1092. Then, the electric field of the evanescent wave is enhanced.
- the incident angle ⁇ of the excitation light EL to the interface between the prism 1090 and the gold film 1092 is selected so that the electric field enhancement of the evanescent wave is maximized.
- the enhanced electric field acts on the fluorescent label, and the surface plasmon excitation fluorescence FL is emitted from the antigen capturing film.
- the amount of surface plasmon excitation fluorescence FL is measured by a photomultiplier tube 1070. The measurement result is transferred to the controller 1030, the interaction between the immobilized antibody and the antigen is detected, and the presence / absence of the antigen, the antigen amount, and the like are measured.
- the liquid feeding mechanism 1024 supplies the liquid such as the sample liquid, the fluorescent labeling liquid, and the buffer liquid to the sensor chip 1026, and collects the liquid such as the sample liquid, the fluorescent labeling liquid, and the buffer liquid from the sensor chip 1026. To do.
- the liquid is supplied to the sensor chip 1026, the liquid is supplied to the supply port, the reaction chamber is filled with the liquid, and the liquid contacts the antigen capturing film.
- the liquid is sucked from the liquid feeding source by the pump, the pump is transported from the liquid feeding source to the liquid feeding destination, and the liquid is discharged to the liquid feeding destination by the pump.
- the liquid may flow through a pipe from the liquid supply source to the liquid supply destination.
- sample solution and fluorescent labeling solution The sample liquid is typically a sample collected from a human such as blood, but may be a sample collected from a non-human organism or a non-living sample. Pretreatments such as dilution, blood cell separation, and reagent mixing may be performed on the collected material.
- the fluorescent labeling solution contains a fluorescently labeled antibody that is fluorescently labeled by binding to the antigen to be measured.
- the fluorescently labeled antibody includes a chemical structure that becomes a fluorescent label that emits fluorescence.
- the laser diode 1050 emits excitation light EL.
- the laser diode 1050 may be replaced with other types of light sources.
- the laser diode 1050 may be replaced with a light emitting diode, a mercury lamp, a laser other than the laser diode, or the like.
- the light emitted from the light source is not a parallel light beam
- the light is converted into a parallel light beam by a lens, mirror, slit, or the like.
- the light is converted into linearly polarized light by a linear polarizing plate or the like.
- the light is converted into monochromatic light by a diffraction grating or the like.
- the linearly polarizing plate 1052 is arranged on the optical path of the excitation light EL, and converts the excitation light EL emitted from the laser diode 1050 into linearly polarized light.
- the polarization direction of the excitation light EL is selected so that the excitation light EL becomes P-polarized with respect to the reflection surface 1172 of the prism 1090.
- the mirror 1054 is disposed on the optical path of the excitation light EL, and the excitation light EL reflected by the mirror 1054 that reflects the excitation light EL that has passed through the linearly polarizing plate 1052 is applied to the prism 1090.
- the light applied to the prism 1090 enters the incident surface 1170, is reflected by the reflecting surface 1172, and exits from the exit surface 1174.
- the incident angle ⁇ of the excitation light EL on the reflecting surface 1172 satisfies the total reflection condition ⁇ c ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ c: critical angle).
- the mirror driving mechanism 1056 includes a driving force source such as a motor and a piezoelectric actuator, and rotates the mirror 1054 to adjust the attitude of the mirror 1054.
- the mirror driving mechanism 1056 includes a driving force source such as a linear stepping motor, and moves the mirror 1054 in the optical axis direction of the laser diode 1050 to adjust the position of the mirror 1054.
- the incident angle e of the excitation light EL to the reflection surface 1172 of the prism 1090 can be adjusted while maintaining the incident position of the excitation light EL on the reflection surface 1172 of the prism 1090 on the back side of the region where the antigen capturing film is fixed.
- the photomultiplier tube 1070 is disposed on the optical path of the surface plasmon excitation fluorescence FL, and measures the amount of light of the surface plasmon excitation fluorescence FL.
- the photomultiplier tube 1070 may be replaced with another type of light quantity sensor.
- the photomultiplier tube 1070 may be replaced with a charge coupled device (CCD) sensor or the like.
- CCD charge coupled device
- the low-pass filter 1072 transmits light having a wavelength longer than the cutoff wavelength and attenuates light having a wavelength shorter than the cutoff wavelength.
- the cutoff wavelength is selected within a range from the wavelength of the excitation light EL to the wavelength of the surface plasmon excitation fluorescence FL.
- the low-pass filter 1072 When the low-pass filter 1072 is arranged on the optical path of the surface plasmon excitation fluorescence FL, the scattered excitation light EL is attenuated by the low-pass filter 1072, and a small part of the scattered excitation light EL is supplied to the photomultiplier tube 1070. However, the surface plasmon excitation fluorescence FL passes through the low-pass filter 1072, and most of the surface plasmon excitation fluorescence FL reaches the photoelectron multiplier tube 1070. Thereby, when the light quantity of the surface plasmon excitation fluorescence FL with a relatively small light quantity is measured, the influence of the scattered excitation light EL with a relatively large light quantity is suppressed, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
- the low pass filter 1072 may be replaced with a band pass filter.
- the low-pass filter driving mechanism 1074 has a state where the low-pass filter 1072 is arranged on the optical path of the surface plasmon excitation fluorescence FL and a state where the low-pass filter 1072 is not arranged on the optical path of the surface plasmon excitation fluorescence FL. Switch.
- the photodiode 1076 is arranged on the optical path of the excitation light EL reflected at the interface between the prism 1090 and the gold film 1092 and is reflected at the interface between the prism 1090 and the metal rod 1092. Measure the amount of light.
- the photodiode 1076 may be replaced with another type of light amount sensor.
- the photodiode 1076 may be replaced with a phototransistor, a photoresistor, or the like.
- the controller 1030 is an embedded computer that executes a control program.
- One embedded computer may be responsible for the function of the controller 1030, or two or more embedded computers may be responsible for the function of the controller 1030.
- Hardware without software may be responsible for all or part of the functions of the controller 1030.
- the hardware is, for example, an electronic circuit such as an operational amplifier or a comparator. All or part of the processing by the controller 1030 may be executed manually or may be executed outside the measuring apparatus 1000.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing a so-called mold clamping process in which a cavity is formed by abutting a movable mold and a fixed mold.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a so-called protruding process for releasing the prism from the injection molding machine.
- the injection mold 1250 has a movable mold 1300 formed with a recess (cavity) 1330 having the shape of an injection molded product, and a function of closing the recess 1330 by abutting against the movable mold 1300.
- a fixed mold 1310 having a protrusion, a protruding pin 1320, an ejector member 1325, and a cylinder portion 1260 for supplying a resin material, which is a material of an injection molded product, to the cavity.
- the injection molding process includes a mold clamping process, an injection process, a pressure holding process, a cooling process, a mold opening process, and a protruding / product taking process, and injection molding is performed in this order.
- the mold clamping process as shown in FIG. 5, the movable mold 1300 and the fixed mold 1310 are brought into contact with each other, thereby closing the recess 1330 formed in the movable mold 1300 to form a cavity.
- the resin material (molten resin) 1305 from the resin material supply furnace 1303 is injected to fill the cavity (injection process).
- the resin material passes through the sprue 1177 and the gate 1176 to fill the cavity.
- the resin material is cooled by the mold and contracts.
- the movable mold 1300 is separated from the fixed mold 1310 as shown in FIG. 11 (mold opening process). At this time, the molded product is attached to the movable mold 1300.
- the prism 1090 is released by sliding the protruding pin 1320 against the fixed mold 1310 (protruding step).
- a sensor chip 1026 is obtained by bonding a substrate (not shown) and a flow path forming component to the prism 1090.
- the sink marks generated on the sink surface 1175 of the prism 1090 are generated in the above-described pressure holding step. Sinking is generated on the sinking surface 1175 at a holding pressure setting of 65 MPa or less. Further, in the ejection process, generally, an ejection pin mark is attached to the injection molded product, but an ejection pin mark 1180 corresponding to the arrangement of the protrusion pin 1320 is formed on the sink surface 1175 of the prism 1090 this time.
- the gate 1176 serves as an entrance when the resin material is poured into the mold, and has a bridging function for filling the cavity with the resin material that flows through the sprue 1177.
- the gate width GW is 40% or less of the short side length of the reflecting surface 1172, and the gate thickness t2 is 1/2 or less of the prism thickness t1 (see FIG. 12A).
- the prism 1090 is formed such that the position of the gate 1176 (gate position) is between the center C of the prism 1090 and the reflecting surface 1172 in the thickness direction of the prism 1090. That is, in the example of FIG. 12A, it is necessary to form the gate 1176 at a position that does not deviate from the gate position range W.
- the gate 1176 is arranged on the center C side of the prism 1090 in the thickness direction of the prism 1090.
- the gate 1176 is disposed between the center C of the prism 1090 and the reflecting surface 1172 in the thickness direction of the prism 1090.
- the gate 1176 is disposed on the reflection surface 1172 in the thickness direction of the prism 1090.
- the prism 1090 By forming the prism 1090 so as to have the gate arrangement as described above, the volume balance of the prism 1090 viewed from the gate is increased when viewed from the gate. Since it is biased to the side, sink marks can be preferentially generated on the sink surface.
- the projection area (hereinafter referred to as “gate extension area A1”), and a second projection area (hereinafter referred to as “excitation light passage area A2”) formed by projecting an area through which the excitation light EL passes on the sink surface 1175. (Refer to FIG. 13B, FIG. 14B and FIG. 15B). If it is outside the above range, a plurality of protruding pins 1320 may be provided, and the shape and material of the protruding pins 1320 are not limited.
- the longitudinal direction of the prism 1090 refers to a direction orthogonal to the thickness direction and the width direction of the prism 1090.
- the position of the protruding pin mark 1180 is other than the gate extension region A1 obtained by extending the gate 1176 in the longitudinal direction of the prism 1090 by the length of the prism 1090, and It arrange
- the position of the protruding pin mark 1180 is other than the gate extension region A1 formed by extending the gate 1176 in the longitudinal direction of the prism 1090 by the length of the prism 1090, and excited. It arrange
- the position of the protruding pin mark 1180 is other than the gate extension region A1 formed by extending the gate 1176 in the longitudinal direction of the prism 1090 by the length of the prism 1090, and excited. It arrange
- the measurement objects are Comparative Example (two-point protrusion and no sink), Example 1 of the present invention (two-point protrusion and sink), Example 2 (core protrusion, Example 3 (four-point protrusion (four corner protrusion)), sink mark 18A, in the prism 1090A according to Example 3, the position of the protruding pin mark 1180 extends the gate 1176 in the longitudinal direction of the prism 1090 by the length of the prism 1090. It is a prism located in a region of the sink surface other than the region and other than the excitation light passage region.
- the gate 1176 extends in the longitudinal direction of the prism 1090 by the length of the prism 1090, and the area of the sink surface other than the excitation light passage area It is a prism inside, and there is no sink on the sink surface.
- the prism 1090B according to Example 1 is the same as the comparative example except that there is a sink on the sink surface.
- the prism 1090C according to the second embodiment is a prism that is formed by surface protrusion (S1 in FIG. 22A) by a core (not shown) and has a sink on the sink surface 1175.
- FIG. 20 shows the result of measuring the amount of sink marks generated on the sink surface for the above-described Comparative Example, Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3.
- a height gauge is used for the measurement, and the height from the measurement reference point P1 (measurement height zero) is measured as a sink amount as shown in FIG. 17A.
- the measured range M was ⁇ 6 mm from the center (center) C of the prism along the longitudinal direction of the prism as shown in FIG. 17A.
- the measured range M is ⁇ 6 mm in this embodiment, but is not limited to this.
- the amount of sink (height) in the comparative example is 3 ⁇ m or less
- the amount of sink (height) in Example 1 is 25 ⁇ m or more
- the amount of sink (height) in Example 2 is 25 ⁇ m or more.
- the amount of sink marks (height) is 25 ⁇ m or more.
- the shape and external dimensions of the prism and gate used are as described above.
- the molding material “ZEONEX E48R” (trade name) is used as a resin material, and the prism is manufactured according to the “prism manufacturing method” described above.
- the P polarization component maintenance rate (P deflection maintenance rate) of the excitation light EL is 90% or more, preferably 96% or more, and a predetermined detection range (in this embodiment, the reflection of the prism 1090).
- a predetermined detection range in this embodiment, the reflection of the prism 1090.
- the P deflection maintenance ratio (%) is 90% or more over the entire measurement range in Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3.
- the P deflection maintenance ratio (%) is 95% or more over the entire measurement range.
- the P deflection maintenance ratio (%) is 96% or more over the entire measurement range, and the distribution of the P deflection maintenance ratio is 98 ⁇ 2%.
- the P deflection maintenance ratio is not 90% or more over the entire measurement range, and the distribution of the P deflection maintenance ratio is not 98 ⁇ 2%.
- Example 1 the P deflection maintenance ratio is 90% or more over the entire measurement range, but the distribution of the P deflection maintenance ratio is not 98 ⁇ 2%, but from the viewpoint of whether the distribution is uniform or not. Although the distribution is uniform, the range of the uniform distribution is narrower than that of the third embodiment.
- the P deflection maintenance ratio is 90% or more over the entire measurement range, but the distribution of the P deflection maintenance ratio is not 98 ⁇ 2% as in the first embodiment, but is distributed over the entire measurement range. From the viewpoint of whether or not is uniform, the distribution is uniform, but the range of uniform distribution is narrower than that of the third embodiment.
- the distribution is uniform over the entire measurement range.
- sink marks can be generated preferentially and stably on the sink surface of the prism, and the distribution of sink marks can be made uniform.
- a resin prism used for analysis utilizing surface plasmon resonance having a polarization maintenance factor and a uniform polarization state distribution can be provided at low cost.
- a high-precision SPR / SPFS analysis chip can be obtained inexpensively and simply by using a resin material having a photoelastic coefficient of 80 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 Pa ⁇ 1 or less or a phase difference of 46 nm or more from senalmon evaluation.
- a resin prism that can be used sufficiently for analysis can be produced.
- a burr relief may be provided in the injection mold as shown in 1340 in FIG. 24A, 24B, and 24C show examples of the prism 1090D at the four-point (four corners) protrusion formed by the injection mold shown in FIG.
- Reference numeral 1181 in FIGS. 24B and 24C represents the shape of the burr relief 1340 in FIG. 23 transferred to the prism 1090D.
- Measuring device 1020 Irradiation mechanism 1022 Measurement mechanism 1026 Sensor chip 1090 Prism 1092 Gold film 1096 Flow path forming body 1175 Sink surface
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Description
すなわち、プリズムは、誘電体媒体で構成され、表面プラズモンを利用した分析に用いられるプリズムであって、外部からの励起光が入射される入射面と、前記入射面に入射された励起光が反射される反射面と、前記反射面で反射された励起光が出射される出射面と、前記反射面と対向する対向面であって、凹面状のヒケ面である対向面とを備える。
図1に示すように、計測装置1000は、照射機構1020、測定機構1022、送液機構1024、センサーチップ1026、試薬チップ1028及びコントローラー1030を備える。照射機構1020は、レーザーダイオードI050、直線偏光板I052、ミラー1054及びミラー駆動機構1056を備える。測定機構1022は、光電子増倍管1070、ローパスフィルター1072、ローパスフィルター駆動機構1074及びフォトダイオード1076を備える。これらの構成物以外の構成物が計測装置1000に付加されてもよい。これらの構成物の一部が計測装置1000から省略されてもよい。
センサーチップ1026は、図2に示すようにプリズム1090、金膜1092、及び流路形成体1096を含んで構成される。流路形成体1096は、流路形成シート1110及び流路形成蓋1112を備える。流路形成体1096には、図示しない流路が形成される。この流路は、供給経路、反応室及び回収経路を備える。反応室は、流路形成シート1110に形成される。供給経路及び回収経路は、流路形成蓋1112に形成される。
プリズム1090は、図3に示すように、励起光ELに対して透明な樹脂からなる誘電体媒体であり、その形状は台形柱体であり、望ましくは等脚台形柱体である。なお、プリズム1090の形状は、電場増強度が極大になる入射角θで励起光ELを反射面1172へ入射させることができるように決められる。この条件が満たされる限り、プリズム1090が台形柱体以外でもよく、プリズム1090が「プリズム」とは呼びがたい形状物に置き換えられてもよい。例えば、プリズム1090が半円柱体であってもよく、プリズム1090が板に置き換えられてもよい。なお、プリズム1090の作製方法については、後述する。
プリズム1090の材料である樹脂材は、励起光ELに対して透明である。
プリズム1090は、望ましくは有機溶剤、酸性溶液及びアルカリ性溶液に対する耐性を持つ。耐性は、JIS K7114において定められた試験方法により評価される。有機溶剤は、例えば、エタノール、イソプロピルアルコール(IPA)、アセトン、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)等である。酸性溶液は、pHが4から7までの溶液である。アルカリ性溶液は、pHが7から8までの溶液である。
プリズム1090の硬度は、望ましくはH以下である。これにより、プリズム1090の表面に混合層(導電体打ち込み層)が形成されやすくなり、導電体膜とプリズムの密着強度が向上する。硬度は、JIS K5401において定められた試験方法により評価される。
プリズム1090の吸水率は、望ましくは0.2%以下であり、さらに望ましくは0.1%以下である。これにより、プリズム1090が液体に浸漬された場合にプリズム1090に吸収される水が減少する。吸水率は、JIS K7209において定められた試験方法により評価される。JIS K7209には、プラスチックの吸水率及び沸騰水吸水率の試験方法が定められている。
プリズム1090の屈折率(n)は、1.5以上である。
プリズム1090の光弾性係数が大きくなるにつれてP偏光成分の維持率が小さくなるため、プリズム1090の材料である樹脂材の光弾性係数は、望ましくは80×10-12Pa-1以下である。さらに、樹脂材で出来たφ11、t=3mmのテストピースを、波長が550nmの光を用いてセナルモン法により位相差を評価した場合に、前記テストピースのゲート付近の位相差が153nm以下、より望ましくは46nm以下となる樹脂材料を用いてプリズム1090を作製する。これにより、プリズム1090の内部の密度が不均一になっても、プリズム1090の反射面1172に入射するP偏光成分の光量が増加する。プリズム1090の反射面1172に入射するP偏光成分の光量が増加した場合は、表面プラズモン励起蛍光FLの光量が増加し、計測の感度及び精度が向上する。
SPFS分析において、検出下限となる試料量が供給された場合に放射する自家蛍光の光量は、前記試料から放射される前記表面プラズモン励起蛍光FLの光量より少ない。ここでの試料量は抗原量のことであり、検出下限の抗原量の具体値は、例えば、0.25molのような小さな値である。
プリズムに入射するP偏光の、入射面から反射面までの区間におけるP偏光成分の維持率が90%以上、好ましくは検出範囲で98%±2%である。これにより表面プラズモン共鳴によるエバネッセント波のエネルギーが、損失を抑えたまま試料に伝達され、SPR/SPFSの計測の感度及び精度が向上する。
ここで、P偏光維持率の測定方法について、図5を参照して説明する。図5のフローチャートは、プリズム1090の入射面から反射面までの区間におけるP偏光成分の維持率の測定の手順を示す。図6の模式図は、プリズム1090の入射面から反射面までの区間におけるP偏光成分の維持率の測定装置を示す。
自家蛍光の光量が測定される場合は、ラマン分光器が準備され、蛍光スペクトルが測定される。プリズム1090には、励起光ELの波長に一致する波長のレーザー光が照射される。波長が632nmのレーザー光がプリズム1090に照射される場合は、自家蛍光の光量が測定されるときに650nm以下の波長の光を減衰させるフィルターが使用される。
プリズム1090を構成する樹脂は、望ましくはシクロオレフィンポリマーであり、さらに望ましくは日本ゼオン社製のZEONEX_E48R(商品名、以下では単に「E48R」という)である。波長632nmにおいて、E48Rの屈折率は1.51である。E48Rには、放射する自家蛍光の光量が小さいという利点がある。
膜厚40nm~50nmの金膜を付与した場合。図8及び図9の模式図は、金膜とプリズムとの境界の近傍を示した断面図である。図8は、プリズムの硬度がH以下である場合を示す。図9は、プリズムの硬度がHより大きい場合を示す。硬度がH以下である場合、例えば、日本ゼオン社(東京都千代田区)製のZEONEX_E48R(商品名)からプリズム1090がなりプリズム1090の硬度がHである場合は、図8に示すように、プリズム1090の表面に2~3nmの層厚の混合層1310が形成される。集束イオンビーム-透過型電子顕微鏡(FIB-TEM)により断面が観察された場合は、金膜1092の断面上の観察視野OP1だけでなく混合層1310の断面上の観察視野OP2にも金が含まれることが確認される。
計測装置による計測が行われる前には、図示しない抗原捕捉膜に固定された抗体(以下では「固定化抗体」という。)に免疫反応(抗原抗体反応)により抗原が結合させられ、抗原が抗原捕捉膜に捕捉される。続いて、蛍光標識化された抗体(以下では「蛍光標識抗体」という。)が免疫反応により抗原に結合させられ、抗原捕捉膜に捕捉された抗原に蛍光標識が付加される。
図1に戻って、送液機構1024は、試料液、蛍光標識液、バッファー液等の液体をセンサーチップ1026に供給し、試料液、蛍光標識液、バッファー液等の液体をセンサーチップ1026から回収する。液体がセンサーチップ1026に供給される場合は、それぞれ、供給口へ液体が供給され、反応室が液体で満たされ、液体が抗原捕捉膜に接触する。
試料液は、典型的には、血液等の人間からの採取物であるが、人間以外の生物からの採取物であってもよく、非生物からの採取物であってもよい。希釈、血球分離、試薬の混合等の前処理が採取物に行われてもよい。
図1に示すように、レーザーダイオード1050は励起光ELを放射する。レーザーダイオード1050は他の形式の光源に置き換えられてもよい。例えば、レーザーダイオード1050が発光ダイオード、水銀灯、レーザーダイオード以外のレーザー等に置き換えられてもよい。
図1に示すように、直線偏光板1052は、励起光ELの光路上に配置され、レーザーダイオード1050から放射された励起光ELを直線偏光へ変換する。励起光ELの偏光方向は、励起光ELがプリズム1090の反射面1172に対してP偏光になるように選択される。これにより、エバネッセント波のもれだしが増加し、表面プラズモン励起蛍光FLの光量が増加し、計測の感度及び精度が向上する。
図1に示すように、ミラー1054は、励起光ELの光路上に配置され、直線偏光板1052を通過した励起光ELを反射するミラー1054により反射された励起光ELは、プリズム1090に照射される。プリズム1090に照射された光は、入射面1170へ入射し、反射面1172に反射され、出射面1174から出射する。反射面1172への励起光ELの入射角θは、全反射条件θc≦θを漓たす(θc:臨界角)。
図1に示すように、光電子増倍管1070は、表面プラズモン励起蛍光FLの光路上に配置され、表面プラズモン励起蛍光FLの光量を測定する。光電子増倍管1070が他の形式の光量センサーに置き換えられてもよい。例えば、光電子増倍管1070が電荷結合素子(CCD)センサー等に置き換えられてもよい。
ローパスフィルター1072は、カットオフ波長より長い波長の光を透過し、カットオフ波長より短い波長の光を減衰させる。カットオフ波長は、励起光ELの波長から表面プラズモン励起蛍光FLの波長までの範囲内で選択される。
図1に示すように、ローパスフィルター駆動機構1074は、ローパスフィルター1072が表面プラズモン励起蛍光FLの光路上に配置された状態とローパスフィルター1072が表面プラズモン励起蛍光FLの光路上に配置されない状態とを切り替える。
図1に示すように、フォトダイオード1076は、プリズム1090と金膜1092との界面において反射された励起光ELの光路上に配置されプリズム1090と金謨1092との界面において反射された励起光ELの光量を測定する。フォトダイオード1076が他の形式の光量センサーに置き換えられてもよい。例えば、フォトダイオード1076がフォトトランジスター、フォトレジスター等に置き換えられてもよい。
コントローラー1030は、制御プログラムを実行する組み込みコンピューターである。1個の組み込みコンピューターがコントローラー1030の機能を担ってもよいし、2個以上の組み込みコンピューターが分担してコントローラー1030の機能を担ってもよい。ソフトウェアを伴わないハードウェアがコントローラー1030の全部又は一部の機能を担ってもよい。ハードウェアは、例えば、オペアンプ、コンパレーター等の電子回路である。コントローラー1030による処理の全部又は一部が、手作業により実行されてもよく、計測装置1000の外部において実行されてもよい。
プリズム1090は、射出成形機を用いて、所定の工程を経て完成する。ここで、射出成形金型を用いた射出成形工程について図10及び図11を参照して簡単に説明する。なお、図10は可動金型と固定金型を突き合わせてキャビティを形成する、いわゆる型締め工程の様子を示した模式図である。図11は射出成形機からプリズムを離型させる、いわゆる突出し工程の様子を示した模式図である。
保圧をかけることで成形品であるプリズム1090の内部応力が高まり、この内部応力によりプリズム1090における偏光状態の維持率が悪化する。プリズム1090にヒケが生じるように保圧設定を低くすることにより、プリズム1090にかかる内部応力が緩和され、プリズム1090の偏光維持率を良化可能であることが分かった。
ゲート1176は、金型に樹脂材を流し込む際の入り口となるものであり、スプルー1177を介して流れ込む樹脂材をキャビティに充填させる橋渡し的機能を有する。なお、ゲート幅GWは反射面1172における短辺長の40%以下、ゲート厚みt2はプリズムの厚みt1の1/2以下である(図12A参照)。
プリズム1090の形状と突出しピン1320の跡1180の位置関係は、以下の条件を満たすことが必要である。ここでプリズム1090に残る突出しピン1320の跡1180は、プリズム1090に突出しピン1320が当接される位置にある。図13Bに示すように、突出しピン跡1180の位置が、ゲート1176をプリズム1090の長手方向にプリズム1090の長さだけ延長してなるゲート延長領域A1をヒケ面1175に投影してなる第1の投影領域(以下、「ゲート延長領域A1」と呼ぶ。)以外、かつ、励起光ELが通る領域をヒケ面1175に投影してなる第2の投影領域(以下、「励起光通過領域A2」と呼ぶ。)以外のヒケ面の領域A3内に配置される(図13B、図14B及び図15B参照)。前記範囲外であれば突き出しピン1320を複数設けて良く、突き出しピン1320の形状・材質は限定されない。ここで、プリズム1090の長手方向とは、プリズム1090の厚み方向及び幅方向に直交する方向をいう。
以下に、突出しピン1320および突出しピン跡1180の位置で示されるプリズム1090の突出し方法とP偏光維持率分布の関係についてヒケ面1175の有無にも言及しつつ説明する。本実施例では、図16A,Bに示すような台形状のプリズム1090(長さ25mm、幅8mm、高さ3mm、反射面に対する台形側面の傾き80°、ゲート幅3mm。ゲートの厚み1.5mm)を測定対象とする。測定方法は、上述した検出範囲において前記中心から±1mmごとにP偏向維持率(%)を測定する。図19にはこの測定結果が示される。尚、ゲート側にかけての複屈折分布は均一である(図19の破線領域参照)。
以上により、本発明の実施例のみが、高い偏光維持率と均一な偏光状態の分布であるといえるので計測の感度・精度の向上を図ることができる。
1020 照射機構
1022 測定機構
1026 センサーチップ
1090 プリズム
1092 金膜
1096 流路形成体
1175 ヒケ面
Claims (12)
- 誘電体媒体で構成され、表面プラズモンを利用した分析に用いられるプリズムであって、
外部からの励起光が入射される入射面と、
前記入射面に入射された励起光が反射される反射面と、
前記反射面で反射された励起光が出射される出射面と、
前記反射面と対向する対向面とを備え、
前記対向面が凹面状のヒケ面である
プリズム。 - 前記入射面から前記反射面までの区間における前記励起光のP偏光成分の維持率が90%以上である
請求項1に記載のプリズム。 - 所定の検出範囲における前記維持率の分布が95±5%である
請求項2に記載のプリズム。 - 金型に樹脂を流し込む際の入り口となるゲートの位置が、厚み方向の中心と前記反射面との間になるように形成された射出成形体である
請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のプリズム。 - 離型のために用いられる突き出しピンが当接される位置が、前記ゲートを前記射出成形体の長手方向に当該射出成形体の長さだけ延長してなるゲート延長領域を前記対向面に投影してなる第1の投影領域以外、かつ、前記励起光が通る領域を前記対向面に投影してなる第2の投影領域以外の前記対向面の領域に配置される
請求項4に記載のプリズム。 - JIS K7114において定められた試験方法により評価された場合に、前記射出成形体が、有機溶剤、酸性溶液及びアルカリ性溶液に対する耐性を有する
請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のプリズム。 - JIS K5401において定められた試験方法により評価された場合において、前記射出成形体の硬度がH以下である
請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のプリズム。 - JIS K7209において定められた試験方法により評価された場合に、前記誘電体の吸水率が0.2%以下である
請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のプリズム。 - 前記誘電体媒体の屈折率が1.5以上である
請求項1~8のいずれかに記載のプリズム。 - 表面プラズモンを利用した表面プラズモン励起蛍光分光法の分析において、検出下限となる試料液が供給された場合に放射する自家蛍光の光量が、前記試料液から放射される表面プラズモン励起蛍光の光量より少ない
請求項1~9のいずれかに記載のプリズム。 - 光弾性係数が80×10-12Pa-1以下である光学樹脂材料を用いて形成される
請求項1~10のいずれかに記載のプリズム。 - 請求項1~11に記載のプリズムと、
流路が形成された流路形成体と、
を有するセンサーチップ。
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| JP2014507834A JP5949905B2 (ja) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-03-22 | プリズム及びセンサーチップ |
| US14/387,864 US9435919B2 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-03-22 | Prism and sensor chip |
| CN201380016537.0A CN104350375B (zh) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-03-22 | 棱镜以及传感器芯片 |
| US15/189,515 US10061064B2 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2016-06-22 | Prism and sensor chip |
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| US14/387,864 A-371-Of-International US9435919B2 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-03-22 | Prism and sensor chip |
| US15/189,515 Continuation US10061064B2 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2016-06-22 | Prism and sensor chip |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN104350375A (zh) | 2015-02-11 |
| US9435919B2 (en) | 2016-09-06 |
| JPWO2013146615A1 (ja) | 2015-12-14 |
| US20150060697A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
| US10061064B2 (en) | 2018-08-28 |
| US20160299266A1 (en) | 2016-10-13 |
| JP5949905B2 (ja) | 2016-07-13 |
| CN104350375B (zh) | 2016-11-16 |
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