WO2013146453A1 - 燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法、燃料電池用電極触媒およびその用途 - Google Patents
燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法、燃料電池用電極触媒およびその用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013146453A1 WO2013146453A1 PCT/JP2013/057777 JP2013057777W WO2013146453A1 WO 2013146453 A1 WO2013146453 A1 WO 2013146453A1 JP 2013057777 W JP2013057777 W JP 2013057777W WO 2013146453 A1 WO2013146453 A1 WO 2013146453A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- catalyst
- electrode catalyst
- gas
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8652—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites as mixture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8817—Treatment of supports before application of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8821—Wet proofing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a fuel cell electrode catalyst, a fuel cell electrode catalyst, and use thereof.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell In a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), a polymer solid electrolyte is sandwiched between an anode and a cathode, fuel is supplied to the anode, oxygen or air is supplied to the cathode, and oxygen is reduced at the cathode to extract electricity. It is a type of fuel cell. Hydrogen or methanol is mainly used as the fuel.
- a layer containing a catalyst (hereinafter referred to as “for fuel cell”) is provided on the cathode (air electrode) surface or anode (fuel electrode) surface of the fuel cell. Also referred to as an “electrode catalyst layer”).
- a noble metal is generally used, and noble metals such as platinum and palladium, which are stable at a high potential and have high activity, have been mainly used.
- noble metals are expensive and have limited resources, various catalysts that can be replaced (for example, metal atoms, carbon atoms, Development of fuel cell electrode catalysts containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms is underway.
- water repellency particles such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles are dispersed in the catalyst layer, thereby imparting water repellency to the catalyst layer and improving the dissipation of generated water. ing.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-276746 discloses that the water repellent particles for imparting water repellency to the catalyst layer prevent an increase in electrode resistance due to non-conductivity, and in particular an IR drop during high current operation.
- the cathode catalyst is a carbon carrying a metal catalyst, a proton conducting polymer, and an electrolyte and a material having water repellency (such as graphite fluoride)
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell comprising:
- Patent Document 4 International Publication WO2006 / 104123 pamphlet discloses that a platinum catalyst for an anode is obtained by performing a treatment of bringing a platinum black material into contact with a fluorine gas or a mixed gas of a fluorine gas and an inert gas.
- a technique for preventing poisoning and deactivation by carbon monoxide in gas is disclosed, and it is described that fluorine is adsorbed on the surface of platinum black by this treatment (paragraph [0031]).
- Patent Document 3 in which a water-repellent material is added to the catalyst layer and the technique of Patent Document 4 in which fluorine is adsorbed on the platinum black surface, a portion that is not water-repellent remains on the catalyst surface. Water may not be removed from the surface and flooding may occur.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems in the prior art, and an object thereof is to suppress a flooding phenomenon in a fuel cell electrode catalyst containing a specific metal atom, carbon atom, nitrogen atom and oxygen atom.
- the present invention relates to the following [1] to [15], for example.
- a method for producing an electrode catalyst for a fuel cell comprising a fluorination step in which fluorine is brought into contact with a catalyst main body containing M atoms, carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms.
- An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell which contains a fluorine atom, a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom.
- a fuel cell electrode catalyst layer comprising the fuel cell electrode catalyst according to any one of [7] to [9] above.
- a membrane electrode assembly having a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte membrane disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein the cathode and / or the anode is an electrode according to the above [12] Electrode assembly.
- a fuel cell comprising the membrane electrode assembly according to [13].
- a fuel cell electrode catalyst in which a flooding phenomenon is suppressed in which a flooding phenomenon is suppressed and a method for producing the same.
- FIG. 1 shows current-voltage characteristics of the single cell (c1) of Comparative Example 1 and the single cell (7) of Example 7.
- FIG. 2 shows current-voltage characteristics of the single cell (c2) of Comparative Example 2 and the single cell (9) of Example 9.
- Electrode catalyst for fuel cell and method for producing the same fluorine is used for a fuel cell electrode catalyst (hereinafter also referred to as “catalyst main body”) containing a specific metal element M atom, carbon atom, nitrogen atom and oxygen atom. It is characterized by including a fluorination step for contact.
- a fuel cell electrode catalyst hereinafter also referred to as “catalyst main body” containing a specific metal element M atom, carbon atom, nitrogen atom and oxygen atom. It is characterized by including a fluorination step for contact.
- Catalyst body As the catalyst main body, a conventionally known fuel cell electrode catalyst containing metal element M atom, carbon atom, nitrogen atom and oxygen atom can be used.
- composition of this fuel cell electrode catalyst is expressed as MC x N y O z (where M represents a metal element M and the total amount of M is 1)
- M represents a metal element M and the total amount of M is 1
- the range of x, y, z is usually 0. ⁇ X ⁇ 7, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2, and 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 3.
- the metal element M is at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc, titanium, niobium, zirconium, aluminum, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, strontium, yttrium, tin, tungsten, cerium, samarium and lanthanum. Seeds, preferably titanium, iron, cobalt, niobium, zirconium, samarium and lanthanum, more preferably titanium, niobium, zirconium, iron and lanthanum.
- Such an electrode catalyst for a fuel cell generally has a raw material containing the metal element M (for example, a raw material containing the metal element M, carbon, and nitrogen), while supplying any element that is deficient. Manufactured through a process of heat treatment at about ° C.
- the catalyst body is not particularly limited.
- the fuel cell electrode catalyst described in Patent Document 1 (hereinafter also referred to as “catalyst P1”) and the fuel described in Patent Document 2 are described below. Examples thereof include an electrode catalyst for a battery (hereinafter also referred to as “catalyst P2”).
- the catalyst P1 is an electrode catalyst for a fuel cell containing at least a titanium element as the metal element M, and includes an atom of the metal element, a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom, and an oxygen atom, and the metal element is silver, calcium, strontium, yttrium,
- the metal element M1 selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium and titanium Electrocatalyst.
- the metal element M1 calcium and strontium are preferable because they are relatively inexpensive. Moreover, yttrium, lanthanum and samarium are preferable in that the catalyst performance to be exhibited is particularly high.
- Method for producing catalyst P1 Although it does not specifically limit as a manufacturing method of the catalyst P1, for example, the method including the process (manufacturing process of the catalyst P1) of obtaining the catalyst P1 from the metal carbonitride containing the metal element M1 and titanium is mentioned.
- the metal carbonitride (heat treated product) is obtained by heat-treating a mixture containing the compound containing the metal element M1 and the compound containing titanium.
- the manufacturing method (step 1) is mentioned.
- the temperature of the heat treatment for producing the metal carbonitride is usually in the range of 500 to 2200 ° C.
- a mixed gas containing nitrogen or a nitrogen compound By supplying a mixed gas containing nitrogen or a nitrogen compound at the time of heat treatment, it is possible to supply nitrogen in the synthesized carbonitride.
- Examples of the “compound containing the metal element M1” as a raw material include oxides, carbides, nitrides, carbonates, nitrates, acetates, oxalates, citrates, etc. Examples include salt.
- the compound containing the metal element M1 may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- titanium-containing compound examples include titanium oxide, carbide, nitride, carbonate, nitrate, acetate, oxalate, citrate, carboxylate, phosphate, oxychloride, and the like. Can be mentioned.
- the compounds containing titanium may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a plurality of phases may be contained in a single particle of the titanium-containing compound.
- the said mixture used as a raw material at the process 1 may contain carbon.
- nitrogen gas or nitrogen compound gas may be used, or nitrogen gas and nitrogen compound gas may be mixed and used.
- an inert gas may be mixed with nitrogen gas and / or nitrogen compound gas.
- the oxygen-containing mixed gas contains an inert gas in addition to the oxygen gas.
- the inert gas include nitrogen gas, helium gas, neon gas, argon gas, krypton gas, xenon gas, and radon gas.
- the oxygen-containing mixed gas may further contain hydrogen gas.
- the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-containing mixed gas in this step depends on the heat treatment time and the heat treatment temperature, but is preferably 0.005 to 10% by volume.
- the hydrogen concentration depends on the heat treatment time and the heat treatment temperature, but is preferably 0.01 to 10% by volume.
- the temperature of the heat treatment in this step is usually 400-1500 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is usually about 0.2 seconds to 10 hours.
- the heat-treated product obtained by the above-described production method or the like may be used as it is as the catalyst P1, or may be further crushed and then used as the catalyst P1.
- Catalyst P2 is Step 1 of mixing at least a transition metal-containing compound, a nitrogen-containing organic compound and a solvent to obtain a catalyst precursor solution; Step 2 for removing the solvent from the catalyst precursor solution, and Step 3 for obtaining an electrode catalyst by heat-treating the solid residue obtained in Step 2 at a temperature of 500 to 1100 ° C.,
- the electrode catalyst for a fuel cell wherein a part or all of the transition metal-containing compound is a compound containing at least one transition metal element M2 selected from Group 4 and Group 5 elements of the periodic table as the metal element M It is an electrode catalyst for fuel cells obtained by the manufacturing method.
- step 1 At least a transition metal-containing compound, a nitrogen-containing organic compound, and a solvent are mixed to obtain a catalyst precursor solution.
- a part or all of the transition metal-containing compound is a compound containing at least one transition metal element M2 selected from Group 4 and Group 5 elements of the periodic table as the metal element M.
- Specific examples of the transition metal element M2 include titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, and niobium. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the transition metal-containing compound preferably has at least one selected from an oxygen atom and a halogen atom, and specific examples thereof include a metal phosphate, a metal sulfate, a metal nitrate, a metal organic acid salt, Examples thereof include metal acid halides (intermediate hydrolysates of metal halides), metal alkoxides, metal halides, metal halides and metal hypohalites, and metal complexes. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- transition metal-containing compound together with a transition metal-containing compound containing a transition metal element M1 of Group 4 or Group 5 of the periodic table as a transition metal element (hereinafter also referred to as “first transition metal-containing compound”),
- first transition metal-containing compound a transition metal-containing compound containing a transition metal element M1 of Group 4 or Group 5 of the periodic table as a transition metal element
- second metal a transition metal-containing compound which is an element different from the transition metal element M1 and includes at least one transition metal element M2 selected from iron, nickel, chromium, cobalt, vanadium and manganese. May also be used in combination. Use of the second transition metal-containing compound improves the performance of the resulting catalyst.
- transition metal element M2 in the second transition metal-containing compound iron and chromium are preferable from the viewpoint of the balance between the cost and the performance of the obtained catalyst.
- the nitrogen-containing organic compound is preferably a compound (preferably a compound capable of forming a mononuclear complex) that can be a ligand capable of coordinating to a metal atom in the transition metal-containing compound. More preferred are compounds that can be (preferably bidentate or tridentate) (can form chelates).
- the nitrogen-containing organic compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- solvent examples include water, alcohols and acids. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the transition metal-containing compound contains a halogen atom
- the acid is hydrochloric acid, the acid is added so that the concentration of hydrogen chloride in the solution is 5% by weight or more, more preferably 10% by weight or more.
- step 2 the solvent is removed from the catalyst precursor solution obtained in step 1.
- the removal of the solvent may be performed in the atmosphere or in an inert gas (for example, nitrogen, argon, helium) atmosphere.
- an inert gas for example, nitrogen, argon, helium
- Step 3 the solid residue obtained in Step 2 is heat-treated to obtain an electrode catalyst.
- the temperature during this heat treatment is 500 to 1100 ° C.
- the heat treatment time is usually about 0.2 seconds to 10 hours.
- an atmosphere whose main component is an inert gas is preferable.
- fluorine gas F 2 molecule
- the surface of the catalyst body is fluorinated.
- the fluorine is preferably supplied as a mixed gas containing fluorine gas and dilution gas.
- the dilution gas examples include nitrogen gas, helium gas, argon gas, neon gas, krypton gas, xenon gas, and radon gas, and nitrogen gas and argon gas are preferable from the viewpoint of availability. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the ratio of fluorine gas in the mixed gas is preferably 0.01 to 50% by volume, more preferably 1 to 20% by volume, and still more preferably 0.5 to 2% by volume.
- proportion of the fluorine gas is in the above range, a fuel cell electrode catalyst that suppresses flooding without significantly impairing the oxygen reducing ability of the catalyst body can be obtained.
- the fluorination step is preferably performed for 1 to 120 minutes, more preferably 1 to 60 minutes.
- the fluorination step is preferably performed at 20 to 300 ° C, more preferably 50 to 250 ° C.
- time and temperature are within the above ranges, it is possible to obtain a fuel cell electrode catalyst that suppresses flooding without significantly impairing the oxygen reducing ability of the catalyst body.
- the electrode catalyst for a fuel cell according to the present invention is characterized in that it contains an atom, a carbon atom, a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom of a specific metal element M, and at least a part of the surface is fluorinated.
- the fuel cell electrode catalyst according to the present invention can be produced by the above-described method for producing a fuel cell electrode catalyst according to the present invention.
- the ratio of atoms of metal element M: fluorine atoms is preferably 1: It is 0.005 to 0.2, more preferably 1: 0.01 to 0.15, still more preferably 0.01 to 0.1.
- the fuel cell electrode catalyst in which the ratio of metal element M atoms to fluorine atoms is within the above range suppresses flooding without impairing the oxygen reducing ability of the catalyst body.
- the ratio of fluorine gas, the temperature, or the time may be increased.
- the electrode catalyst for a fuel cell is preferably a powder in order to enhance catalytic performance.
- the contact angle of the fuel cell electrode catalyst of the present invention is preferably 25 ° or more, more preferably 30 ° or more, and further preferably 35 ° or more.
- the upper limit value may be 90 °, for example.
- the contact angle value was measured using a DropMaster contact angle measuring device (Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.) using a tablet produced by allowing 0.2 g of catalyst to pressurize to 37 MPa with a tablet molding machine for 30 minutes. And measured by the perfect circle fitting method.
- the specific surface area calculated by the BET method of the fuel cell electrode catalyst of the present invention is preferably 5 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 10 m 2 / g or more, and even more preferably 50 m 2 / g or more.
- the upper limit value may be, for example, 1000 m 2 / g.
- the oxygen reduction starting potential (potential measured by the method employed in the examples described later) of the fuel cell electrode catalyst of the present invention is preferably 0.80 V (vs. NHE) or more, more preferably based on the reversible hydrogen electrode. Is 0.84 V (vs. NHE) or more, more preferably 0.90 V (vs. NHE) or more.
- the upper limit value may be, for example, 1.2 V (vs. NHE).
- the fuel cell electrode catalyst layer according to the present invention includes the fuel cell electrode catalyst.
- the fuel cell electrode catalyst layer preferably further contains an electron conductive powder.
- the reduction current can be further increased.
- the electron conductive powder is considered to increase the reduction current because it causes an electrical contact for inducing an electrochemical reaction in the catalyst.
- the electron conductive powder is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used in a fuel cell electrode catalyst layer.
- the electron conductive particles are usually used as a catalyst carrier.
- the fuel cell electrode catalyst layer preferably further includes a polymer electrolyte.
- the polymer electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used in a fuel cell electrode catalyst layer.
- the fuel cell electrode catalyst layer can be used as either an anode catalyst layer or a cathode catalyst layer.
- the fuel cell electrode catalyst layer is provided at the cathode of the fuel cell because it contains a catalyst that hardly causes a flooding phenomenon, has a high oxygen reduction ability, and is not easily corroded even in a high potential in an acidic electrolyte. It is useful as a catalyst layer (catalyst layer for cathode), and is particularly useful as a catalyst layer provided on the cathode of the membrane electrode assembly provided in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- the electrode according to the present invention is characterized by having the fuel cell electrode catalyst layer and a porous support layer.
- the electrode can be used as either a cathode or an anode. Since the electrode is excellent in durability and has a large catalytic ability, it is more effective when used as a cathode.
- the membrane electrode assembly according to the present invention is a membrane electrode assembly having a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte membrane disposed between the cathode and the anode, wherein the cathode and / or the anode is the present invention. It is an electrode concerning.
- an electrolyte membrane using a perfluorosulfonic acid system or a hydrocarbon electrolyte membrane is generally used.
- a membrane or porous body in which a polymer microporous membrane is impregnated with a liquid electrolyte is used.
- a membrane filled with a polymer electrolyte may be used.
- the fuel cell according to the present invention includes the membrane electrode assembly.
- Fuel cell electrode reactions occur at the so-called three-phase interface (electrolyte-electrode catalyst-reaction gas). Fuel cells are classified into several types depending on the electrolyte used, etc., and include molten carbonate type (MCFC), phosphoric acid type (PAFC), solid oxide type (SOFC), and solid polymer type (PEFC). . As the fuel cell according to the present invention, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is preferable.
- Combustion decomposition conditions Sample combustion apparatus: AQF-100 (Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd.) Combustion tube temperature: 950 ° C (temperature decomposition by moving the sample board) Ion chromatography measurement conditions Measuring device: DIONEX DX-500 Eluent: 1.8 mM Na 2 CO 3 +1.7 mM NaHCO 3 Column (temperature): ShodexSI-90 (room temperature) Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min Injection volume: 25 ⁇ l Detector: Electrical conductivity detector Suppressor: DIONEX ASRS-300 2. Powder X-ray diffraction; The sample was subjected to powder X-ray diffraction using a rotor flex made by Rigaku Corporation.
- the number of diffraction line peaks in powder X-ray diffraction of each sample was counted by regarding a signal that can be detected with a ratio (S / N) of signal (S) to noise (N) of 2 or more as one peak.
- the noise (N) is the width of the baseline.
- BET specific surface area measurement The BET specific surface area was measured using Micromeritics Gemini 2360 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- the pretreatment time and pretreatment temperature were set at 30 ° C. and 200 ° C., respectively.
- the soaked product was dried at room temperature and heated at 350 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a gas diffusion layer (hereinafter also referred to as “GDL”) having PTFE dispersed in the carbon paper and having water repellency.
- GDL gas diffusion layer
- the anode ink was applied to the surface of the GDL having a size of 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm at 80 ° C. by an automatic spray coating apparatus (manufactured by Sanei Tech Co., Ltd.). By repeatedly performing spray coating, an electrode having an anode catalyst layer with an amount of platinum (Pt) per unit area of 1 mg / cm 2 was produced.
- NAFION registered trademark
- aqueous solution 5% NAFION (registered trademark) aqueous solution, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the cathode ink was applied to the surface of the GDL having a size of 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm at 80 ° C. by an automatic spray coating apparatus (manufactured by Sanei Tech Co., Ltd.). By repeating spray coating, an electrode having a cathode catalyst layer with a total amount of catalyst and carbon black of 5 mg / cm 2 per unit area on the GDL surface (hereinafter also simply referred to as “cathode”) was produced. Further, the mass of the catalyst per unit area in the cathode catalyst layer was 3.3 mg / cm 2 .
- a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell A NAFION (registered trademark) membrane (N-117, manufactured by DuPont) as an electrolyte membrane, the cathode, and the anode were prepared, and the cathode and the anode were prepared.
- a fuel cell membrane electrode assembly (hereinafter also referred to as “MEA”) in which the electrolyte membrane was disposed between the two was prepared as follows.
- the electrolyte membrane was heated in 3% hydrogen peroxide water at 80 ° C. for 1 hour, and then heated in pure water at 80 ° C. for 1 hour. Then, it heated at 80 degreeC for 1 hour in 1M sulfuric acid aqueous solution, and was then heated at 80 degreeC for 1 hour in pure water.
- the electrolyte membrane from which moisture has been removed in this manner is sandwiched between the cathode and the anode, and a temperature of 140 ° C. is used using a hot press machine so that the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer are in close contact with the electrolyte membrane. These were thermocompression bonded at a pressure of 3 MPa over 6 minutes to prepare an MEA.
- a phenomenon that could hardly be confirmed was evaluated as A (for example, FIG. 1), a phenomenon that was remarkably suppressed was evaluated as B (for example, FIG. 2), and a phenomenon that could be confirmed to be suppressed to some extent was evaluated as C.
- Example 1 of Patent Document 1 The operation of Example 1 of International Publication WO2010 / 131634 (Patent Document 1) was performed, and 1.27 g of catalyst (c1) containing titanium, lanthanum, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen (“Example 1 of Patent Document 1” Catalyst (1) ").
- Example 1 A catalyst (c1) was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, 600 mg of the catalyst (c1) was charged into an atmospheric pressure gas flow reactor, and left under reduced pressure at 110 ° C. for 1 hour. Next, the reactor internal temperature is cooled to 20 ° C., nitrogen gas containing 20% by volume (volume%) of fluorine gas (hereinafter also referred to as “fluorine-containing gas”) is supplied into the reactor for 30 minutes, and then the reactor The atmosphere inside was replaced with nitrogen gas to obtain 639 mg of powder (hereinafter referred to as “catalyst (1)”).
- fluorine-containing gas nitrogen gas containing 20% by volume (volume%) of fluorine gas
- Example 2 702 mg of powder (hereinafter referred to as “catalyst (2)”) was obtained by performing the same operation as in Example 1 except that the temperature when supplying the fluorine gas-containing gas was changed from 20 ° C. to 110 ° C. .
- the evaluation results of the catalyst (2) are shown in Table 1. Further, in the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum (not shown) of the catalyst (2), diffraction line peaks (23.39 °, 33.37 °, 47.88 °) attributed to TiOF 2 were observed.
- Example 3 Except that the temperature at the time of supplying the fluorine gas-containing gas was changed from 20 ° C. to 200 ° C., the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain 666 mg of powder (hereinafter referred to as “catalyst (3)”). .
- the evaluation results of the catalyst (3) are shown in Table 1.
- a diffraction line peak attributed to TiOF 2 was observed in the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum (not shown) of the catalyst (3).
- Example 4 Except that the temperature when supplying the fluorine gas-containing gas was changed from 20 ° C. to 300 ° C., the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain 525 mg of powder (hereinafter referred to as “catalyst (4)”). .
- the evaluation results of the catalyst (4) are shown in Table 1. Further, a diffraction line peak attributed to TiOF 2 was observed in the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum (not shown) of the catalyst (4).
- Example 5 Except that the fluorine gas concentration in the fluorine gas-containing gas was changed from 20% by volume to 1% by volume, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain 612 mg of powder (hereinafter referred to as “catalyst (5)”). It was.
- Example 6 Except that the fluorine gas concentration in the fluorine gas-containing gas was changed from 20% by volume to 1% by volume, the same operation as in Example 2 was performed to obtain 606 mg of powder (hereinafter referred to as “catalyst (6)”). It was.
- Example 7 Except that the fluorine gas concentration in the fluorine gas-containing gas was changed from 20% by volume to 1% by volume, the same operation as in Example 3 was performed to obtain 597 mg of powder (hereinafter referred to as “catalyst (7)”). It was.
- Example 8 Except that the fluorine gas concentration in the fluorine gas-containing gas was changed from 20% by volume to 1% by volume, the same operation as in Example 4 was performed to obtain 597 mg of powder (hereinafter referred to as “catalyst (8)”). It was.
- Example 2 The operation of Example 1-8 of International Publication WO2011 / 99493 (Patent Document 2) was carried out to prepare a catalyst (c2) containing titanium, iron, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen (see “Example 1-8 of Patent Document 2”). Catalyst (8) ").
- Example 9 The same operation as in Example 6 was performed except that the catalyst (c1) was changed to 200 mg of the catalyst (c2) to obtain 612 mg of powder (hereinafter referred to as “catalyst (9)”).
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
O2 + 4H+ + 4e- → 2H2O
で表される反応により水が生成するところ、カソード触媒層の表面や孔内にこの水が滞留する、いわゆるフラッディング現象が起こり、反応に必要な気体の拡散経路を阻害してしまい、燃料電池の出力が著しく低下してしまう場合があった。
本発明に係る燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法は、特定の金属元素Mの原子、炭素原子、窒素原子および酸素原子を含む燃料電池用電極触媒(以下「触媒本体」ともいう。)にフッ素を接触させるフッ素化工程を含むことを特徴としている。
前記触媒本体としては、従来公知の、金属元素Mの原子、炭素原子、窒素原子および酸素原子を含む燃料電池用電極触媒を用いることができる。
触媒P1は、金属元素Mとして少なくともチタン元素を含む燃料電池用電極触媒であって、金属元素の原子、炭素原子、窒素原子および酸素原子を含み、該金属元素が銀、カルシウム、ストロンチウム、イットリウム、ルテニウム、ランタン、プラセオジム、ネオジム、プロメチウム、サマリウム、ユウロピウム、ガドリニウム、テルビウム、ジスプロシウム、ホルミウム、エルビウム、ツリウム、イッテルビウムおよびルテチウムからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の金属元素M1ならびにチタンである燃料電池用電極触媒である。
触媒P1の製造方法としては、特に限定されないが、たとえば金属元素M1およびチタンを含有する金属炭窒化物から触媒P1を得る工程(触媒P1の製造工程)を含む方法が挙げられる。
上記触媒P1の製造工程に用いる前記金属炭窒化物を得る方法としては、前記金属元素M1を含有する化合物及びチタンを含有する化合物を含む混合物を熱処理することにより金属炭窒化物(熱処理物)を製造する方法(工程1)が挙げられる。
金属炭窒化物を製造する際の熱処理の温度は通常500℃~2200℃の範囲である。熱処理時には窒素または窒素化合物を含有する混合ガスを供給することにより、合成される炭窒化物のうちの窒素を供給することが可能である。
次に、触媒P1の製造工程、具体的には工程(1)で得られた金属炭窒化物を、酸素含有混合ガス中で熱処理することにより、触媒P1を得る工程について説明する。
触媒P2は、
少なくとも遷移金属含有化合物、窒素含有有機化合物および溶媒を混合して触媒前駆体溶液を得る工程1、
前記触媒前駆体溶液から溶媒を除去する工程2、および
工程2で得られた固形分残渣を500~1100℃の温度で熱処理して電極触媒を得る工程3を含み、
前記遷移金属含有化合物の一部または全部が、前記金属元素Mとして周期表第4族および第5族の元素から選ばれる少なくとも1種の遷移金属元素M2を含有する化合物である燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法によって得られる燃料電池用電極触媒である。
工程1では、少なくとも遷移金属含有化合物、窒素含有有機化合物および溶媒を混合して触媒前駆体溶液を得る。
手順(i):1つの容器に溶媒を準備し、そこへ前記遷移金属含有化合物および前記窒素含有有機化合物を添加し、溶解させて、これらを混合する、
手順(ii):前記遷移金属含有化合物の溶液、および前記窒素含有有機化合物の溶液を準備し、これらを混合する
が挙げられる。
手順(ii'):前記第1の遷移金属含有化合物の溶液、ならびに前記第2の遷移金属含有化合物および前記窒素含有有機化合物の溶液を準備し、これらを混合する
が挙げられる。
前記遷移金属含有化合物の一部または全部は、前記金属元素Mとして周期表第4族および第5族の元素から選ばれる少なくとも1種の遷移金属元素M2を含有する化合物である。前記遷移金属元素M2としては、具体的にはチタン、ジルコニウム、ハフニウム、バナジウムおよびニオブが挙げられる。これらは、1種単独で用いてもよく2種以上を併用してもよい。
前記窒素含有有機化合物としては、前記遷移金属含有化合物中の金属原子に配位可能な配位子となり得る化合物(好ましくは、単核の錯体を形成し得る化合物)が好ましく、多座配位子(好ましくは、2座配位子または3座配位子)となり得る(キレートを形成し得る)化合物がさらに好ましい。
前記溶媒としては、たとえば水、アルコール類および酸類が挙げられる。これらは、1種単独で用いてもよく2種以上を併用してもよい。
前記遷移金属含有化合物がハロゲン原子を含む場合には、強酸を1重量%以上添加することが好ましい。たとえば酸が塩酸であれば、溶液中の塩化水素の濃度が5重量%以上、より好ましくは10重量%以上となるように酸を添加する。
工程2では、工程1で得られた前記触媒前駆体溶液から溶媒を除去する。
工程3では、工程2で得られた固形分残渣を熱処理して電極触媒を得る。
本発明に係る燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法におけるフッ素化工程では、前記触媒本体にフッ素ガス(F2分子)を接触させる。このフッ素化工程により、前記触媒本体の表面がフッ素化される。
本発明に係る燃料電池用電極触媒は、特定の金属元素Mの原子、炭素原子、窒素原子および酸素原子を含み、表面の少なくとも一部がフッ素化されていることを特徴としている。
本発明に係る燃料電池用電極触媒層は、前記燃料電池用電極触媒を含む。
<金属>
試料約0.1gを石英ビーカーに量り取り、硫酸,硝酸およびフッ酸を用いて試料を完全に加熱分解した。冷却後、この溶液を100mlに定容し、さらに適宜希釈し、ICP-OES(SII社製VISTA-PRO)またはICP-MS(Agilent社製HP7500)を用いて定量を行った。
試料約0.01gを量り取り、炭素硫黄分析装置(堀場製作所製EMIA-920V)にて測定を行った。
試料約0.01gを量り取り、Niカプセルに試料を封入して、酸素窒素分析装置(LECO製TC600)にて測定を行った。
試料数mgを、酸素気流下、水蒸気を通気しながら燃焼分解した。発生したガスを10mM Na2CO3(過酸化水素を含む。補正用標準Br‐:5ppm)に吸収させ、イオンクロマトグラフィーでフッ素の量を測定した。
試料燃焼装置:AQF-100((株)三菱化学アナリテック社製)
燃焼管温度:950℃(試料ボード移動による昇温分解)
イオンクロマトグラフィー測定条件
測定装置:DIONEX DX-500
溶離液:1.8mM Na2CO3+1.7mM NaHCO3
カラム(温度):ShodexSI-90(室温)
流速:1.0ml/分
注入量:25μl
検出器:電気伝導度検出器
サプレッサー:DIONEX ASRS-300
2.粉末X線回折;
理学電機株式会社製 ロータフレックスを用いて、試料の粉末X線回折を行った。
島津製作所株式会社製 マイクロメリティクス ジェミニ2360を用いてBET比表面積を測定した。前処理時間、前処理温度は、それぞれ30分、200℃に設定した。
実施例または比較例で製造された約200mgの触媒を、錠剤成形器で37MPaに加圧しながら30分間放置した。成形器から錠剤を取り出し、その接触角を、DropMaster接触角測定装置(協和界面科学(株)製)を用い、真円フィッティング法により測定した。
(1)燃料電池用電極の製造
実施例または比較例で製造された触媒95mgとカーボン(キャボット社製 VULCAN(登録商標) XC72)5mgとを、イソプロピルアルコール:純水=2:1の質量比で混合した溶液10gに入れ、超音波で撹拌、懸濁して混合した。この混合物30μlをグラッシーカーボン電極(東海カーボン社製、直径:6mm)に塗布し、120℃で5分間乾燥して、カーボン電極表面に1.0mg以上の燃料電池用電極触媒層が形成した。さらに、燃料電池用電極触媒層の上に5%ナフィオン(NAFION(登録商標))溶液(DE-521、デュポン社)を10倍にイソプロピルアルコールで希釈したもの10μlを塗布し、120℃で1時間乾燥し、燃料電池用電極を得た。
作製した燃料電池用電極を、酸素雰囲気および窒素雰囲気で、0.5mol/Lの硫酸水溶液中、30℃、5mV/秒の電位走査速度で分極し、それぞれ電流-電位曲線を測定した。その際、同濃度の硫酸水溶液中での可逆水素電極を参照電極とした。
(1)アノード用インクの調製
純水50mlに、白金担持カーボン(TEC10E60E、田中貴金属工業製)0.6gと、プロトン伝導性材料(NAFION(登録商標))0.25gを含有する水溶液(5%ナフィオン(NAFION(登録商標)水溶液、和光純薬工業(株)製)5gとを入れて、超音波分散機(UT-106H型シャープマニファクチャリングシステム社製)で1時間混合することにより、アノード用インクを調製した。
ガス拡散層(カーボンペーパー(TGP-H-060、東レ(株)製))を、アセトンに30秒間浸漬して脱脂した後、乾燥させ、次いで10%のポリテトラフルオロエチレン(以下「PTFE」とも記す。)水溶液に30秒間浸漬した。
2-プロパノール(和光純薬工業(株)製)50mlに、実施例または比較例で製造された触媒0.237gと、電子伝導性材料としてカーボンブラック(ケッチェンブラックEC300J、LION社製)0.1183gとを加え、さらにプロトン伝導性材料(ナフィオン(NAFION(登録商標))0.142gを含有する水溶液(5%ナフィオン(NAFION(登録商標)水溶液、和光純薬工業製)2.84gを入れて、超音波分散機(UT-106H型シャープマニファクチャリングシステム社製)で1時間混合することにより、カソード用インクを調製した。
"(2)アノード触媒層を有する電極の作製"と同様に、GDLを作製した。
電解質膜としてのナフィオン(NAFION(登録商標))膜(N-117、DuPont社製)、前記カソード、および前記アノードを準備し、前記カソードと前記アノードとの間に前記電解質膜を配置した燃料電池用膜電極接合体(以下「MEA」ともいう。)を以下のように作製した。
前記MEAを、2つシール材(ガスケット)、2つのガス流路付きセパレーター、2つの集電板および2つのラバーヒータで挟んでボルトで固定し、これらを所定の面圧(4N)になるように締め付けて、固体高分子型燃料電池の単セル(セル面積:25cm2)を作製した。
前記単セルを90℃、アノード加湿器を95℃、カソード加湿器を65℃に温度調節した。アノード側に燃料として水素を流量1リットル/分で供給し、カソード側に酸化剤として酸素を流量2リットル/分で供給し、両側ともに300kPaの背圧をかけながら、単セルにおける電流密度-電圧特性を測定した。
1.燃料電池用電極触媒の製造およびその評価:
国際公開WO2010/131634号パンフレット(特許文献1)の実施例1の操作を行い、チタン、ランタン、炭素、窒素および酸素を含む1.27gの触媒(c1)(特許文献1の実施例1の「触媒(1)」に相当)を得た。
比較例1と同様の操作により触媒(c1)を製造し、触媒(c1)のうちの600mgを常圧気相流通式リアクターに充填し、減圧下、110℃で1時間放置した。次に、リアクター内温度を20℃まで冷却し、リアクター内に、フッ素ガスを20容量%(体積%)含有する窒素ガス(以下「フッ素含有ガス」ともいう。)を30分間供給し、その後リアクター内の雰囲気を窒素ガスで置換して、639mgの粉末(以下「触媒(1)」という。)を得た。
フッ素ガス含有ガスを供給する際の温度を20℃から110℃に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、702mgの粉末(以下「触媒(2)」という。)を得た。
フッ素ガス含有ガスを供給する際の温度を20℃から200℃に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、666mgの粉末(以下「触媒(3)」という。)を得た。
フッ素ガス含有ガスを供給する際の温度を20℃から300℃に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、525mgの粉末(以下「触媒(4)」という。)を得た。
フッ素ガス含有ガス中のフッ素ガス濃度を20容量%から1容量%に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行って、612mgの粉末(以下「触媒(5)」という。)を得た。
フッ素ガス含有ガス中のフッ素ガス濃度を20容量%から1容量%に変更したこと以外は実施例2と同様の操作を行って、606mgの粉末(以下「触媒(6)」という。)を得た。
フッ素ガス含有ガス中のフッ素ガス濃度を20容量%から1容量%に変更したこと以外は実施例3と同様の操作を行って、597mgの粉末(以下「触媒(7)」という。)を得た。
フッ素ガス含有ガス中のフッ素ガス濃度を20容量%から1容量%に変更したこと以外は実施例4と同様の操作を行って、597mgの粉末(以下「触媒(8)」という。)を得た。
国際公開WO2011/99493号パンフレット(特許文献2)の実施例1-8の操作を行い、チタン、鉄、炭素、窒素および酸素を含む触媒(c2)(特許文献2の実施例1-8の「触媒(8)」に相当)を得た。
触媒(c1)を200mgの触媒(c2)に変更したこと以外は実施例6と同様の操作を行って、612mgの粉末(以下「触媒(9)」という。)を得た。
Claims (15)
- 亜鉛、チタン、ニオブ、ジルコニウム、アルミニウム、クロム、マンガン、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、ストロンチウム、イットリウム、スズ、タングステン、セリウム、サマリウムおよびランタンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属元素Mの原子、炭素原子、窒素原子および酸素原子を含む触媒本体にフッ素を接触させるフッ素化工程を含む燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法。
- 前記フッ素化工程において、前記触媒本体に、フッ素ガスと希釈ガスとの混合ガスを接触させる請求項1に記載の燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法。
- 前記混合ガス中のフッ素ガス濃度が0.1~50体積%である請求項2に記載の燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法。
- 前記フッ素化工程を0~500℃で行う請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法。
- 前記フッ素化工程を1~120分間行う請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法。
- 前記触媒本体の組成をMCxNyOz(ただし、Mは前記金属元素Mを表し、Mの総量を1とする。)と表すと、x、y、zの範囲が、0<x≦7、0<y≦2、0<z≦3である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法。
- 亜鉛、チタン、ニオブ、ジルコニウム、アルミニウム、クロム、マンガン、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、ストロンチウム、イットリウム、スズ、タングステン、セリウム、サマリウムおよびランタンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の金属元素の原子、炭素原子、窒素原子および酸素原子を含み、表面がフッ素化されている燃料電池用電極触媒。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の製造方法によって得られる燃料電池用電極触媒。
- フッ素原子を前記金属元素の原子1モルに対して0.005~0.2モル含有する請求項7または8に記載の燃料電池用電極触媒。
- 請求項7~9のいずれかに記載の燃料電池用電極触媒を含む燃料電池用電極触媒層。
- 電子伝導性粒子をさらに含む請求項10に記載の燃料電池用電極触媒層。
- 燃料電池用電極触媒層と多孔質支持層とを有する電極であって、前記燃料電池用電極触媒層が請求項10または11に記載の燃料電池用電極触媒層である電極。
- カソードとアノードと前記カソードおよび前記アノードの間に配置された電解質膜とを有する膜電極接合体であって、前記カソードおよび/または前記アノードが請求項12に記載の電極である膜電極接合体。
- 請求項13に記載の膜電極接合体を備える燃料電池。
- 固体高分子型燃料電池である請求項14に記載の燃料電池。
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380016548.9A CN104205447B (zh) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-03-19 | 燃料电池用电极催化剂的制造方法、燃料电池用电极催化剂及其用途 |
| KR1020147028605A KR101758442B1 (ko) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-03-19 | 연료 전지용 전극 촉매의 제조 방법, 연료 전지용 전극 촉매 및 그 용도 |
| US14/385,574 US20150044595A1 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-03-19 | Production process of electrode catalyst for fuel cells, electrode catalyst for fuel cells and uses thereof |
| EP13767578.1A EP2833451B1 (en) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-03-19 | Method for producing electrode catalyst for fuel cells, electrode catalyst for fuel cells, and use of same |
| JP2014507746A JP5635212B2 (ja) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-03-19 | 燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法、燃料電池用電極触媒およびその用途 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012-069518 | 2012-03-26 | ||
| JP2012069518 | 2012-03-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2013146453A1 true WO2013146453A1 (ja) | 2013-10-03 |
Family
ID=49259710
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/057777 Ceased WO2013146453A1 (ja) | 2012-03-26 | 2013-03-19 | 燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法、燃料電池用電極触媒およびその用途 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20150044595A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2833451B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5635212B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101758442B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN104205447B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2013146453A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017013022A (ja) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-01-19 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 酸素還元触媒の評価方法および選択方法並びに酸素還元触媒 |
| JP2022513631A (ja) * | 2018-12-26 | 2022-02-09 | コーロン インダストリーズ インク | 触媒、その製造方法、それを含む電極、それを含む膜-電極アセンブリー、及びそれを含む燃料電池 |
| CN118315632A (zh) * | 2024-06-07 | 2024-07-09 | 浙江奕湃科技有限公司 | 一种催化二电子氧还原反应的膜电极及其制备方法和应用 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111837272B (zh) * | 2018-04-25 | 2025-01-14 | 斯泰拉化工公司 | 燃料电池用催化剂、燃料电池用膜电极接合体及具备该燃料电池用膜电极接合体的燃料电池 |
| KR102170372B1 (ko) | 2019-08-13 | 2020-10-27 | 주식회사 세이포드 | 외이도 내 인체 조직에 음향 전달을 위한 사운드 앵커 및 이를 구비한 반이식형 보청기 |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002017428A1 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2002-02-28 | Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. | Air-hydrogen cell |
| JP2005276746A (ja) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-06 | Hitachi Ltd | 燃料電池および膜電極接合体 |
| WO2006104123A1 (ja) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-10-05 | Stella Chemifa Corporation | 燃料電池 |
| JP2007242447A (ja) * | 2006-03-09 | 2007-09-20 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 触媒層−電解質膜積層体及びその製造方法 |
| JP2010088981A (ja) * | 2008-10-06 | 2010-04-22 | Showa Denko Kk | 触媒及びその製造方法ならびにその用途 |
| WO2010131634A1 (ja) | 2009-05-11 | 2010-11-18 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 触媒及びその製造方法ならびにその用途 |
| WO2011099493A1 (ja) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-18 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法、遷移金属炭窒酸化物の製造方法、燃料電池用電極触媒およびその用途 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6245140B1 (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 2001-06-12 | Showa Denko K.K. | Surface-fluorinated metal oxide particulates, process for manufacturing the same, and use of the same |
| KR100668353B1 (ko) * | 2006-02-07 | 2007-01-12 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 금속 촉매 및 이를 포함한 전극을 채용한 연료전지 |
| CA2721912A1 (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2009-07-23 | Showa Denko K.K. | Catalyst, process for production of the same, and use of the same |
| JP2010146965A (ja) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-07-01 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 固体高分子形燃料電池用膜電極接合体、固体高分子形燃料電池用触媒層形成用塗工液、および固体高分子形燃料電池用膜電極接合体の製造方法 |
-
2013
- 2013-03-19 WO PCT/JP2013/057777 patent/WO2013146453A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2013-03-19 KR KR1020147028605A patent/KR101758442B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-03-19 US US14/385,574 patent/US20150044595A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-03-19 EP EP13767578.1A patent/EP2833451B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2013-03-19 CN CN201380016548.9A patent/CN104205447B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-03-19 JP JP2014507746A patent/JP5635212B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002017428A1 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2002-02-28 | Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. | Air-hydrogen cell |
| JP2005276746A (ja) | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-06 | Hitachi Ltd | 燃料電池および膜電極接合体 |
| WO2006104123A1 (ja) | 2005-03-28 | 2006-10-05 | Stella Chemifa Corporation | 燃料電池 |
| JP2007242447A (ja) * | 2006-03-09 | 2007-09-20 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 触媒層−電解質膜積層体及びその製造方法 |
| JP2010088981A (ja) * | 2008-10-06 | 2010-04-22 | Showa Denko Kk | 触媒及びその製造方法ならびにその用途 |
| WO2010131634A1 (ja) | 2009-05-11 | 2010-11-18 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 触媒及びその製造方法ならびにその用途 |
| WO2011099493A1 (ja) | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-18 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法、遷移金属炭窒酸化物の製造方法、燃料電池用電極触媒およびその用途 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP2833451A4 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017013022A (ja) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-01-19 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 酸素還元触媒の評価方法および選択方法並びに酸素還元触媒 |
| JP2022513631A (ja) * | 2018-12-26 | 2022-02-09 | コーロン インダストリーズ インク | 触媒、その製造方法、それを含む電極、それを含む膜-電極アセンブリー、及びそれを含む燃料電池 |
| JP7181404B2 (ja) | 2018-12-26 | 2022-11-30 | コーロン インダストリーズ インク | 触媒、その製造方法、それを含む電極、それを含む膜-電極アセンブリー、及びそれを含む燃料電池 |
| CN118315632A (zh) * | 2024-06-07 | 2024-07-09 | 浙江奕湃科技有限公司 | 一种催化二电子氧还原反应的膜电极及其制备方法和应用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104205447A (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
| EP2833451B1 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
| EP2833451A4 (en) | 2015-12-02 |
| US20150044595A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
| KR20140143794A (ko) | 2014-12-17 |
| EP2833451A1 (en) | 2015-02-04 |
| JPWO2013146453A1 (ja) | 2015-12-10 |
| CN104205447B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
| KR101758442B1 (ko) | 2017-07-14 |
| JP5635212B2 (ja) | 2014-12-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US10847811B2 (en) | Catalyst particle, and electrode catalyst, electrolyte membrane-electrode assembly, and fuel cell using the same | |
| EP3446781B1 (en) | Electrocatalyst, membrane electrode assembly using said electrocatalyst, and fuel cell | |
| EP3167502B1 (en) | Cathode design for electrochemical cells | |
| US8546042B2 (en) | Membrane electrode assembly and polymer electrolyte fuel cell | |
| CA2966143C (en) | Electrode catalyst for fuel cell, method for producing the same, electrode catalyst layer for fuel cell comprising the catalyst, and membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell and fuel cell using the catalyst or the catalyst layer | |
| EP2634850B1 (en) | Composite, catalyst including the same, fuel cell and lithium air battery including the same | |
| EP3520161B1 (en) | Cathode electrode design for electrochemical fuel cells | |
| Lee et al. | Preparation of Pt nanoparticles on carbon support using modified polyol reduction for low-temperature fuel cells | |
| EP3214680B1 (en) | Electrode catalyst for fuel cell, electrode catalyst layer for fuel cell, method for producing same, and membrane electrode assembly and fuel cell using catalyst layer | |
| JP2010277995A (ja) | 燃料電池用アノード側触媒組成物および固体高分子形燃料電池用膜電極接合体(mea) | |
| EP2575202A2 (en) | Electrode catalyst for fuel cell and method of preparation, membrane electrode assembly (mea) including the catalyst, and fuel cell including the mea | |
| WO2012057236A1 (ja) | 燃料電池用アノード側触媒組成物およびこれを含んでなる固体高分子形燃料電池用膜電極接合体(mea) | |
| JP5635212B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用電極触媒の製造方法、燃料電池用電極触媒およびその用途 | |
| JP2013116458A (ja) | 触媒担体の製造方法、複合触媒の製造方法、複合触媒、およびこれを用いた直接酸化型燃料電池 | |
| WO2006082981A1 (ja) | 触媒担持粉末、及びその製造方法 | |
| JP5854967B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用触媒層及びその用途 | |
| JP2005141920A (ja) | 触媒担持電極 | |
| JP2005135671A (ja) | 燃料電池用電極 | |
| JP6950255B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用触媒 | |
| Uchida | Research and development of highly active and durable electrocatalysts based on multilateral analyses of fuel cell reactions | |
| JP2025519116A (ja) | 活性金属粒子および犠牲金属粒子を含む複合体、膜電極接合体およびこれを含む燃料電池 | |
| Huang et al. | Titanium Dioxide-Supported Platinum Catalysts | |
| Santori et al. | Critical importance of the ionomer on the electrochemical activity of platinum and non-platinum catalysts in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells | |
| JP2006172956A (ja) | 固体高分子形燃料電池用電極材料の製造方法およびその材料を用いた固体高分子形燃料電池用電極の製造方法。 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 13767578 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2014507746 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2013767578 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2013767578 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14385574 Country of ref document: US |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20147028605 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |