WO2013038451A1 - ダイナミックレンジ制御装置 - Google Patents
ダイナミックレンジ制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013038451A1 WO2013038451A1 PCT/JP2011/005216 JP2011005216W WO2013038451A1 WO 2013038451 A1 WO2013038451 A1 WO 2013038451A1 JP 2011005216 W JP2011005216 W JP 2011005216W WO 2013038451 A1 WO2013038451 A1 WO 2013038451A1
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- band
- volume level
- signal
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- filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G3/00—Gain control in amplifiers or frequency changers
- H03G3/20—Automatic control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G5/00—Tone control or bandwidth control in amplifiers
- H03G5/005—Tone control or bandwidth control in amplifiers of digital signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03G—CONTROL OF AMPLIFICATION
- H03G5/00—Tone control or bandwidth control in amplifiers
- H03G5/16—Automatic control
- H03G5/165—Equalizers; Volume or gain control in limited frequency bands
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
- G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dynamic range control apparatus for controlling a volume level change amount or a dynamic range with respect to a sound signal.
- Music signals downloaded via the Internet package audio signals such as Blu-ray (registered trademark) Disc (BD), Digital Versatile Disk (DVD), and Compact Disc (CD), and audio signals such as radio and television broadcasts
- BD Blu-ray
- DVD Digital Versatile Disk
- CD Compact Disc
- signal processing apparatuses that control the dynamic range (ratio between the minimum and maximum volume levels) of various audio contents are known.
- dynamic range control for example, a sound signal with a small volume level can be increased, and on the contrary, a sound signal with a large volume level can be decreased, and the volume levels of various contents can be kept uniform.
- an AGC (automatic gain control) device disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a first smoothing unit that smoothes an input acoustic signal with a time constant T1, and a second smoothing that smoothes with an time constant T2 (> T1). Means for generating two volume level output signals.
- the dynamic range is controlled based on the volume level value of the output signal smoothed with the time constant T1
- the dynamic range is controlled based on the volume level value of the output signal smoothed with the time constant T2.
- the attack time is when the sound volume level changes from a low volume level to a high sound volume level
- the release time is when the sound volume changes from a high sound volume level to a low sound volume level.
- the dynamic range can be controlled while suppressing the generation of an unnatural sound when the volume level is changed by switching between the two time constants T1 and T2.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of odd harmonics generated by conventional dynamic range control.
- 6A shows the frequency characteristic of a 1 kHz sine wave that is an input signal to the AGC apparatus
- FIG. 6B shows the frequency characteristic of the output signal when the input signal is subjected to dynamic range control.
- the vertical axis represents volume level [dB]
- the horizontal axis represents frequency [kHz].
- odd harmonics such as 3, 5, and 7 kHz are generated by the dynamic range control. Since the generation of such odd-order harmonics leads to sound quality deterioration, the conventional dynamic range control technology has a problem in sound quality.
- FIG. 7A is a graph showing a time waveform of a 1 kHz sine wave.
- FIGS. 7 (b) to 7 (d) show odd-order harmonics of a 1 kHz sine wave, and in order of the third-order harmonic (3 kHz), the fifth-order harmonic (5 kHz), and the seventh-order harmonic (7 kHz). It is a waveform.
- FIG. 8 shows a time waveform (indicated by a solid line) of an output signal obtained by adjusting the gain of third, fifth and seventh harmonics with respect to an input signal of a 1 kHz sine wave (indicated by a broken line). It is a graph.
- the dynamic range control is signal processing for changing the output amplitude value according to the amplitude value of the input signal (1 kHz sine wave in this example). For example, if the amplitude of the large amplitude value is to be made smaller (or larger) than the amplitude of the original input signal, an odd-order harmonic with the absolute value of the peak value is added to the position equal to the position of the peak value of the input signal. By doing so, an equivalent process can be performed. Incidentally, since even-order harmonics have peak values at positions different from the positions of the peak values of the input signal, equivalent processing cannot be performed.
- the third harmonic in FIG. 7 (b) and the seventh harmonic in FIG. 7 (d) have a negative peak relative to the position of the peak value of the input signal in FIG. 7 (a).
- Adding the second and seventh harmonics serves to suppress the peak waveform of the input signal (indicated by an upward arrow in FIG. 8).
- the 5th harmonic in FIG. 7C (not shown but the same applies to the 9th harmonic etc.) has a positive peak with respect to the position of the peak value of the input signal. Is added to increase the peak value of the input signal (indicated by a downward arrow in FIG. 8).
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic range control device capable of suppressing the generation of odd harmonics and performing dynamic range control without deterioration in sound quality. .
- the dynamic range control device includes a volume level calculation unit that calculates a volume level value that is approximately proportional to the volume level of an input sound signal, and a gain coefficient value that corresponds to the volume level value calculated by the volume level calculation unit.
- a first filter group composed of N filters that divide the sound signal into N (> 1) frequency bands and output N band-limited signals;
- the N band-limited signals output from one filter group are multiplied by the gain coefficient values calculated by the gain calculation unit, respectively, and N multipliers for gain adjustment, and the N multipliers output from the N multipliers.
- a predetermined frequency band is extracted from each of the second filter group composed of N filters, and the N band-limited signals output from the second filter group are 1 One In which and a signal combining unit for combining the signals.
- the dynamic range control device includes a first filter composed of N filters that divides an input sound signal into N (> 1) frequency bands and outputs N band-limited signals.
- a second filter group that is, those comprising a signal combining unit for combining into one signal N number of band-limited signal output from the second filter group.
- the band-limited signal after gain adjustment is filtered by the second filter group, so that the odd-order harmonics generated by the gain adjustment are removed. It is possible to provide a dynamic range control device capable of performing the above.
- FIG. 7A is a graph for explaining the principle of generation of odd harmonics by conventional dynamic range control.
- FIG. 7A is a time waveform of an input signal
- FIGS. 7B to 7D are third and fifth orders.
- the seventh harmonic It is a graph which shows the time waveform of the output signal which performed the conventional dynamic range control.
- the dynamic range control apparatus includes a volume level calculation unit 101, a gain calculation unit 103, a first filter group 105, and N (> 1) multipliers. 10-1 to 108 -N, a second filter group 110, and a signal synthesis unit 113.
- the first filter group 105 includes N filters 106-1 to 106-N
- the second filter group 110 also includes N filters 111-1 to 111-N.
- the input signal 100 input to the dynamic range control device is branched and sent to the volume level calculation unit 101 and the N filters 106-1 to 106-N constituting the first filter group 105.
- the input signal 100 may be any audio content such as a music signal downloaded via the Internet, a package music signal such as BD, DVD, or CD, or a music signal such as radio or television broadcast.
- the volume level calculation unit 101 calculates the volume level value of the input signal 100 and outputs the calculated volume level value 102 to the gain calculation unit 103.
- the volume level value 102 may be anything as long as it is approximately proportional to the volume level of the input signal 100, and the volume level calculation unit 101 is not limited to a specific volume level calculation device and method.
- the volume level calculation unit 101 may smooth the input signal 100 with a predetermined time constant to obtain a single volume level value, which may be used as the volume level value 102.
- the input signal 100 may be smoothed by a plurality of different time constants to obtain a plurality of volume level values, and these may be used as the volume level value 102.
- the input signal 100 may be smoothed by a plurality of different time constants to obtain a plurality of volume level values, and the maximum value among them may be used as the volume level value 102 or may be obtained by weighting calculation.
- the sound volume level value 102 may be used.
- the instantaneous amplitude value of the input signal 100 may be detected and used as the volume level value 102, or the absolute value of the instantaneous amplitude value may be used as the volume level value 102.
- the present invention is not limited to the above calculation method, and a value calculated by any method other than these may be used as the volume level value 102.
- the gain calculation unit 103 calculates the gain coefficient value 104 at the current time (that is, when the volume level value is input) according to the volume level value 102 input from the volume level calculation unit 101. For example, the gain calculation unit 103 calculates a small gain coefficient value for a large volume level value and a large gain coefficient value for a small volume level value, but the calculation method is not limited to a specific gain calculation method. .
- the gain calculation unit 103 may calculate the gain coefficient value 104 from the volume level value 102 using a predetermined conversion table. Further, for example, the gain coefficient value 104 may be calculated from the volume level value 102 by a predetermined continuous or discontinuous function.
- the present invention is not limited to the above calculation method, and the gain coefficient value 104 may be calculated by any method other than these.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing an example of a volume level value-gain coefficient value conversion table, in which the vertical axis represents the gain coefficient [dB] and the horizontal axis represents the volume level [dB].
- the gain calculation unit 103 uses the conversion table of FIG. 2, when the volume level value is large, for example, 0 dB, the gain coefficient value is calculated as ⁇ 10 dB.
- the volume level value is small, for example, equal to or less than ⁇ 40 dB, the gain coefficient value is calculated as 10 dB.
- the gain coefficient value is calculated as a value that decreases monotonously according to the volume level value. Particularly in this example, when the volume level value is ⁇ 20 dB, the gain coefficient value is calculated as 0 dB.
- gain calculation section 103 calculates gain coefficient value 104 according to volume level value 102, and outputs the calculated gain coefficient value 104 to N multipliers 108-1 to 108-N, respectively. .
- the first filter group 105 includes N filters 106-1 to 106-N. Each of the filters 106-1 to 106-N extracts a predetermined band from the input signal 100 and outputs N band limited signals 107-1 to 107-N.
- the characteristics of some or all of the filters are set so that the bandwidth extracted from the input signal 100 is within two octaves.
- Filter characteristic setting example 1 Specifically, a predetermined frequency f is set,
- the characteristic of the first filter 106-1 is a low pass filter (LPF) having a pass band below the frequency f
- a characteristic of the second filter 106-2 is a band pass filter (BPF) having a frequency f to 3f (frequency band 2f for two octaves) as a pass band
- the characteristic of the third filter 106-3 is a BPF having a pass band of frequencies 3f to 9f (frequency band 6f for two octaves)
- the characteristic of the fourth filter 106-4 is a BPF having a frequency 9f to 27f (frequency band 18f for two octaves) as a pass band.
- the filter characteristics are set up to the Nth filter 106-N.
- the pass band of only the first filter 106-1 is not less than 2 octaves.
- the second to fourth filters 106-2 to 106-4 have a pass band within 2 octaves.
- the pass band of all the filters 106-1 to 106-N can be obtained by setting the filter characteristics so as not to pass the very low frequency f L including the DC component when the input signal 100 is converted from the time domain to the frequency domain. Can be set within 2 octaves.
- the characteristic of the first filter 106-1 is a BPF with the frequency f L to 3f L as a pass band
- the characteristic of the second filter 106-2 is a BPF having a passband of frequencies 3f L to 9f L
- the characteristic of the third filter 106-3 is a BPF having a frequency 9f L to 27f L as a pass band
- the characteristic of the fourth filter 106-4 is a BPF having a frequency 27f L to 81f L as a pass band.
- the human hearing cannot hear a sound range of 20 Hz or less, so by setting the frequency f L to around 20 Hz, the pass band of all the filters 106-1 to 106-N is within 2 octaves without reducing the bass. Can be suppressed.
- the music signal used as the input signal 100 usually has signal components higher than the Nyquist frequency cut at the digitization stage, and therefore the Nyquist frequency of 24000 Hz or less of the sampling frequency is also shown in the graph in the example of FIG. In FIG.
- the characteristics of the first filter 106-1 are LPFs having a pass band of 300 Hz or less
- the characteristics of the second filter 106-2 are BPF with a pass band of 300 Hz to 900 Hz
- the characteristic of the third filter 106-3 is that the BPF having a passband of 900 Hz to 2700 Hz
- the characteristic of the fourth filter 106-4 is a BPF having a pass band of 2700 Hz to 8000 Hz
- the characteristic of the fifth filter 106-5 is HPF (High Pass Filter) with a pass band of 8000 Hz or higher.
- the pass bands of the filters 106-2 to 106-5 except the first filter 106-1 can be kept within 2 octaves.
- N band-limited signals 107-1 to 107-N are obtained by the first filter group 105. These band limited signals 107-1 to 107-N are output to N multipliers 108-1 to 108-N, respectively.
- the N multipliers 108-1 to 108-N multiply the band limit signals 107-1 to 107-N inputted thereto by the gain coefficient value 104 sent from the gain calculation unit 103 to obtain
- the N gain adjustment signals 109-1 to 109-N thus output are output to the N filters 111-1 to 111-N constituting the second filter group 110, respectively. That is, the multipliers 108-1 to 108-N perform gain adjustment (dynamic range control) using the common gain coefficient value 104.
- the second filter group 110 is composed of N filters 111-1 to 111-N.
- Each of the filters 111-1 to 111-N performs a filtering process on the respective gain adjustment signals 109-1 to 109-N, and obtains N harmonic removal signals 112-1 to 112-N obtained.
- the characteristics of the filters 111-1 to 111 -N constituting the second filter group 110 are set to the same characteristics as the characteristics of the filters 106-1 to 106 -N constituting the first filter group 105. ing. The effect of setting such characteristics will be described later.
- the signal synthesizer 113 synthesizes the input N harmonic removal signals 112-1 to 112-N to generate one signal and outputs it as the output signal 114 of the dynamic range control device.
- 4A and 4B are graphs showing examples of changes in frequency characteristics of signals processed by the dynamic range control apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the input signal 100 is a signal composed of two frequencies, fa and fb.
- the frequency fa is in the pass band of the second filters 106-2 and 111-2 (for example, 300 Hz to 900 Hz), and the frequency fb is in the pass band of the third filters 106-3 and 111-3 (for example, 900 Hz). ⁇ 2700 Hz).
- the input signal 100 is first divided into five bands by the first filter group 105 to generate five band limited signals 107-1 to 107-5 (FIG. 4A (b)). )). That is, since the signal component of the input signal 100 does not exist within the pass band of the first filter 106-1, the first band limited signal 107-1 is a zero signal. Since only the frequency fa component of the input signal 100 exists in the pass band of the second filter 106-2, the second band limited signal 107-2 is a signal having only the fa component. Since only the frequency fb component of the input signal 100 exists in the pass band of the third filter 106-3, the third band limited signal 107-3 is a signal having only the fb component. Since the signal component of the input signal 100 does not exist in the pass bands of the fourth and fifth filters 106-4 and 106-5, the fourth and fifth band limited signals 107-4 and 107-5 are zero signals. It becomes.
- the three divided zero signals do not affect the output signal 114 that is finally obtained in this example. Detailed description of the signals is omitted.
- the gain of the second band limited signal 107-2 is multiplied by the gain coefficient value 104 by the multiplier 108-2. Odd-order harmonics (3 ⁇ fa, 5 ⁇ fa,...) Are generated in the second gain adjustment signal 109-2 after gain adjustment.
- the gain of the third band limited signal 107-3 is multiplied by a gain coefficient value 104 by a multiplier 108-3. Odd-order harmonics (3 ⁇ fb, 5 ⁇ fb,...) Are also generated in the third gain adjustment signal 109-3 after gain adjustment.
- the second gain adjustment signal 109-2 is band-limited again (for example, 300 Hz to 900 Hz) by the second filter 111-2 of the second filter group 110.
- the third gain adjustment signal 109-3 is band-limited again (for example, 900 Hz to 2700 Hz) by the third filter 111-3 of the second filter group 110.
- each of the filters 111-1 to 111-5 constituting the second filter group 110 is similar to the first filter group 105 of each of the filters 111-2 to 111-5 excluding the first filter 111.
- the passband is set within 2 octaves.
- the harmonics generated by the gain adjustment are all odd-numbered, they are composed of signal components having a frequency that is three times or more the signal components (fa, fb) that are the sources of the harmonics. Therefore, the odd harmonics of the signal band-limited within 2 octaves are always outside the 2 octave band. Therefore, odd-order harmonics can be removed by passing the signal component band-limited within 2 octaves again through a filter with a pass band of 2 octaves (FIGS. 4B (g) and (h)). .
- the originally existing signal components (fa, fb) remain without being removed by the second filter group 110. It will be. Therefore, only odd-order harmonic components can be removed.
- the second harmonic removal signal 112-2 (FIG. 4B (g)) from which the odd-order harmonics are removed by the second filter 111-2, and the third filter 111
- the third harmonic removal signal 112-3 (FIG. 4B (h)) from which the odd-order harmonics have been removed by ⁇ 3 is combined into one signal by the signal combining unit 113 and becomes the output signal 114.
- This output signal 114 has only signal components of the frequencies fa and fb, and no new odd-order harmonics are generated.
- the filters 106-1 to 106-N and 111-1 to 111-N constituting the first filter group 105 and the second filter group 110 are cut. Since the filter characteristics are designed with the attenuation amount at the off-frequency (the frequency that is the boundary between adjacent bands) being ⁇ 3 dB, the band-limited signals 107-1 to 107-N and the harmonic removal signals 112-1 to 112-N Compared with the input signal 100, the signal component of the cutoff frequency at is attenuated by just ⁇ 6 dB. For example, as shown in FIG.
- the signal component with a cutoff frequency of 300 Hz is attenuated by ⁇ 3 dB by the filter 106-1 and the signal component with a cutoff frequency of 300 Hz is attenuated by ⁇ 3 dB by the filter 106-2. It will be attenuated. Therefore, in the signal synthesis unit 113, by adding the harmonic removal signals 112-1 to 112-N, the signal component of the cut-off frequency is increased by 6 dB, and the strength of the original signal component can be recovered. it can. If the phase characteristics of the cut-off frequencies of adjacent bands are not uniform, the phases can be aligned by using an all-pass filter (All Pass Filter: APF) in the previous stage of the signal synthesis unit 113. By adding the signals having the same phase, the signal strength is increased by 6 dB.
- All Pass Filter: APF All Pass Filter
- the dynamic range control apparatus calculates the volume level value 102 that is approximately proportional to the volume level of the input signal 100 and the volume level calculated by the volume level calculation unit 101.
- a gain calculation unit 103 that calculates a gain coefficient value 104 according to the level value 102, and filters 106-1 to 106-1 that output the band limited signals 107-1 to 107-N by dividing the input signal 100 into N bands.
- a gain coefficient value 104 calculated by the gain calculation unit 103 for the first filter group 105 composed of 106-N and the band limited signals 107-1 to 107-N output from the first filter group 105. Are respectively multiplied by gains 108-1 to 108-N and gain adjustment signals 1 output from the multipliers 108-1 to 108-N.
- a second filter group 110 composed of filters 111-1 to 111-N for extracting predetermined bands for 9-1 to 109-N, respectively, and harmonic removal output from the second filter group 110
- a signal synthesizer 113 that synthesizes the signals 112-1 to 112-N into one output signal 114 is provided. Thereby, all or most odd harmonics generated by the gain adjustment can be removed. Therefore, high quality dynamic range control can be performed without sound quality degradation.
- the pass band of some or all of the filters 106-1 to 106-N constituting the first filter group 105 is set within 2 octaves. I made the configuration. As a result, it is possible to remove odd-order harmonics generated outside the 2-octave band by gain adjustment.
- the filters 106-1 to 106-N and the filters 111-1 to 111-N are all set to BPFs set to passbands within two octaves, thereby gain. All odd harmonics generated by the adjustment can be removed.
- Filter characteristic setting example 1 among all the filters, the first filter 106-1 and the filter 111-1 having the lowest cutoff frequency f C [Hz] are changed to LPF. In this case, even if the signal in the 0 to f C / 3 [Hz] band is filtered by the filter 111-1, odd-order harmonic distortion remains. As described above, a part of the odd-order harmonics generated by the gain adjustment cannot be completely removed. However, since the low-frequency harmonics are hardly perceived as sound quality deterioration, there is no problem in practical use.
- the filters 111-1 to 111 -N constituting the second filter group 110 are substantially the same as the filters 106-1 to 106 -N constituting the first filter group 105.
- the configuration is set as the configuration. As a result, the signal components derived from the input signal 100 originally present in the gain adjustment signals 109-1 to 109-N can be removed, and only the odd harmonic components can be removed.
- FIG. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the main components of the dynamic range control apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 5 that are the same as or equivalent to those in FIG.
- the difference from the first embodiment is that N volume level calculation units 201-1 to 201-1 are replaced with one volume level value 102 and a gain coefficient value 104.
- 201-N and gain calculation sections 203-1 to 203-N are provided.
- each of the N band limited signals 107-1 to 107-N output from the first filter group 105 is bifurcated, one of which is the multiplier 108-1 as in the first embodiment.
- the other is input to the volume level calculation units 201-1 to 201-N, respectively.
- Each of the N volume level calculation units 201-1 to 201-N uses the same calculation method as the volume level calculation unit 101 of the first embodiment to calculate the volume of the input band limited signals 107-1 to 107-N.
- the level value is calculated, and the calculated N volume level values 202-1 to 202-N are output to the N gain calculation units 203-1 to 203-N.
- the volume level value 102 is calculated based on the signal components of the entire band of the input signal 100.
- the second embodiment within two octaves of the input signal 100.
- the sound volume level values 202-1 to 202-N based on the respective signal components are calculated.
- Each of the N gain calculation units 203-1 to 203-N performs gain coefficient values 204-1 to 204-1 to the current time (that is, the volume level value input time) according to the input volume level values 202-1 to 202-N.
- 204-N is calculated and output to N multipliers 108-1 to 108-N.
- the gain coefficient value calculation method may be the same as that of the first embodiment, and each gain calculation unit 203-1 to 203-N uses a conversion table as shown in FIG. 2, for example.
- the filter characteristic setting example 1 is applied, and the first filter 106-1 of the first filter group 105 is an LPF having a pass band below the frequency f, and the second filter 106 -2 is a BPF having a pass band of frequencies f to 3f, and the third and subsequent filters 106-3 to 106-N similarly use a BPF in which the frequency 3f and later are set in the pass band every two octaves in order.
- the second example of the filter characteristic setting example (2) can also be applied to the second embodiment.
- the first volume level calculation unit 201-1 calculates the volume level value of the band-limited signal 107-1 that is not more than the input frequency f, and sets the calculated volume level value 202-1 to 1.
- the output is output to the th gain calculation unit 203-1.
- First gain calculation section 203-1 calculates gain coefficient value 204-1 at the current time based on input volume level value 202-1 and outputs the gain coefficient value 204-1 to first multiplier 108-1.
- the second volume level calculation unit 201-2 calculates the volume level value of the band-limited signal 107-2 of the input frequencies f to 3f, and uses the calculated volume level value 202-2 as the second gain calculation unit 203. Output to -2.
- Second gain calculation section 203-2 calculates gain coefficient value 204-2 at the current time based on input volume level value 202-2, and outputs the gain coefficient value 204-2 to second multiplier 108-2.
- the Nth volume level calculation unit 201-N calculates the volume level value of the input band limit signal 107-N within 2 octaves, and uses the calculated volume level value 202-N as the Nth gain. Output to the calculation unit 203-N.
- the Nth gain calculation unit 203-N calculates the current time gain coefficient value 204-N based on the input volume level value 202-N, and outputs it to the Nth multiplier 108-N.
- the N multipliers 108-1 to 108-N multiply the input band limited signals 107-1 to 107-N by gain coefficient values 204-1 to 204-N, and the gain adjustment signal 109 obtained is obtained. ⁇ 1 to 109-N are output to the second filter group 110. Then, the N filters 111-1 to 111-N of the second filter group 110 remove odd-order harmonics from the gain adjustment signals 109-1 to 109-N, respectively, and the removed harmonic removal signal 112 is removed. -1 to 112-N are output to the signal synthesis unit 113. The signal synthesizer 113 synthesizes the input harmonic removal signals 112-1 to 112-N into an output signal 114.
- the dynamic range control apparatus divides input input signal 100 into N bands and outputs band limited signals 107-1 to 107-N.
- Volume level calculation units 201-1 to 201-N for calculating 202-N and gain coefficient values 204 corresponding to the volume level values 202-1 to 202-N calculated by the volume level calculation units 201-1 to 201-N
- Gain calculation units 203-1 to 203-N for calculating ⁇ 1 to 204-N and the band limited signals 107-1 to 107-N output from the first filter group 105.
- Multipliers 108-1 to 108-N that multiply the gain coefficient values 204-1 to 204-N calculated by the output units 203-1 to 203-N and adjust the gain, and multipliers 108-1 to 108-N.
- For the output gain adjustment signals 109-1 to 109-N a predetermined band is extracted from each of the second filter group 110 constituted by the filters 111-1 to 111-N and the second filter group 110.
- a signal synthesizer 113 that synthesizes the output harmonic removal signals 112-1 to 112-N into one output signal 114 is provided.
- dynamic range control using a common gain coefficient value 104 based on the overall volume level of the input signal 100 is performed.
- individual signal bands sound ranges
- individual dynamic range control using individual gain coefficient values 204-1 to 204-N can be performed.
- only a specific sound range for example, a voice band of the input signal 100, is dynamic range controlled to emphasize only the voice, or, for example, a low frequency range of the input signal 100 is emphasized more than other sound ranges. It is possible to perform a variety of dynamic range controls, such as making dynamic sounds by making such dynamic range controls.
- the conversion table used by the gain calculation units 203-1 to 203-N for the conversion of the sound volume level-gain coefficient is individually set for each band to be processed by the gain calculation units 203-1 to 203-N. You just have to adjust it.
- a plurality of types of conversion tables are set in each of the gain calculation units 203-1 to 203-N, and the conversion tables are used properly according to an instruction from the outside.
- the dynamic range control for emphasizing the band and the dynamic range control for emphasizing the low frequency range may be configured to be properly used. Therefore, according to the second embodiment, high-quality and various dynamic range controls can be performed.
- some or all of the filters 106-1 to 106-N constituting the first filter group 105 are: Since the pass band is set within 2 octaves, odd harmonics generated outside the 2 octave band can be removed by gain adjustment.
- the filters 111-1 to 111 -N constituting the second filter group 110 are the filters 106-constituting the first filter group 105. Since the configuration is set to be approximately the same as 1 to 106-N, the signal components derived from the input signal 100 originally present in the gain adjustment signals 109-1 to 109-N are not removed, and the odd harmonics Only the components can be removed.
- the dynamic range control apparatus performs dynamic range control on the signal band-limited by the first filter group, and then removes odd-order harmonics by the second filter group having the same filter characteristics. Since high quality has been achieved, it is suitable for use in audio equipment and the like.
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Abstract
Description
この波形の歪みは奇数次高調波として現れる。図6に、従来のダイナミックレンジ制御によって発生する奇数次高調波の一例を示す。図6(a)は、AGC装置への入力信号である1kHzの正弦波の周波数特性、図6(b)は、この入力信号をダイナミックレンジ制御したときの出力信号の周波数特性を表し、それぞれの縦軸は音量レベル[dB]、横軸は周波数[kHz]である。図6(b)の通り、ダイナミックレンジ制御によって3,5,7kHzなどの奇数次高調波が発生してしまう様子が分かる。このような奇数次高調波の発生は音質劣化に繋がるため、従来のダイナミックレンジ制御技術では音質面で課題があった。
ダイナミックレンジ制御とは、入力信号(この例では1kHz正弦波)の振幅値に応じて出力振幅値を変化させる信号処理である。そして、例えば大振幅値の振幅を元の入力信号の振幅よりも小さく(または大きく)しようとすると、入力信号のピーク値の位置と等しい位置にピーク値の絶対値のくる奇数次高調波を加算することで、等価的な処理を行うことができる。ちなみに、偶数次高調波は、入力信号のピーク値の位置と異なる位置にピーク値がくるため、等価的な処理を行うことはできない。
一方、図7の破線で示すように、正弦波では、ピークとゼロを除いた任意の振幅値と同じ絶対値の振幅となる箇所は、入力信号の1周期で4箇所あり、該4箇所の位置では奇数次高調波もそれぞれ同じ振幅値になる。よって、奇数次高調波を加算(または減算)する信号処理を行うことで、等価的に、ピークとゼロを除く任意の振幅を入力信号よりも大きく(または小さく)するダイナミックレンジ制御を行うことになる。
以上より、ダイナミックレンジ制御により、入力信号の振幅値に応じて出力振幅値を変化させると、等価的に奇数次高調波が発生することとなる。
実施の形態1.
図1に示すように、本実施の形態1に係るダイナミックレンジ制御装置は、音量レベル算出部101と、ゲイン算出部103と、第1のフィルタ群105と、N(>1)個の乗算器108-1~108-Nと、第2のフィルタ群110と、信号合成部113とから構成されている。第1のフィルタ群105は、N個のフィルタ106-1~106-Nから構成され、第2のフィルタ群110も、N個のフィルタ111-1~111-Nから構成されている。
音量レベル算出部101は、例えば、所定の時定数によって入力信号100を平滑化して単一の音量レベル値を得て、これを音量レベル値102としてもよい。
また例えば、複数の異なる時定数によって入力信号100をそれぞれ平滑化して複数の音量レベル値を得て、これらを音量レベル値102としてもよい。
また例えば、複数の異なる時定数によって入力信号100をそれぞれ平滑化して複数の音量レベル値を得て、これらのうちの最大値を音量レベル値102としてもよいし、これらを重みづけ演算して求めた値を音量レベル値102としてもよい。
また例えば、入力信号100の瞬時振幅値を検出して音量レベル値102としてもよいし、瞬時振幅値の絶対値を音量レベル値102としてもよい。
さらに、以上の算出方法に限定されるものではなく、これらの他、任意の方法で算出された値を音量レベル値102としてもよい。
ゲイン算出部103は、例えば、所定の変換テーブルを用いて、音量レベル値102からゲイン係数値104を算出してもよい。
また例えば、所定の連続または不連続関数によって、音量レベル値102からゲイン係数値104を算出してもよい。
さらに、以上の算出方法に限定されるものではなく、これらの他、任意の方法でゲイン係数値104を算出してもよい。
このように、ゲイン算出部103では、音量レベル値102に応じてゲイン係数値104を算出し、算出したゲイン係数値104をN個の乗算器108-1~108-Nへ向けてそれぞれ出力する。
ここで、本実施の形態1では、入力信号100から抽出する帯域幅が2オクターブ以内となるように、一部のフィルタまたは全部のフィルタの特性を設定する。
具体的には、所定の周波数fを設定し、
1番目のフィルタ106-1の特性を、周波数f以下を通過帯域とした低域通過フィルタ(Low Pass Filter:LPF)とし、
2番目のフィルタ106-2の特性を、周波数f~3f(2オクターブ分の周波数帯域2f)を通過帯域とした帯域通過フィルタ(Band Pass Filter:BPF)とし、
3番目のフィルタ106-3の特性を、周波数3f~9f(2オクターブ分の周波数帯域6f)を通過帯域としたBPFとし、
4番目のフィルタ106-4の特性を、周波数9f~27f(2オクターブ分の周波数帯域18f)を通過帯域としたBPFとする。
このように、N番目のフィルタ106-Nまでそれぞれフィルタ特性を設定する。なお、この例では、1番目のフィルタ106-1のみ通過帯域が2オクターブ以内となっていない。2番目から4番目のフィルタ106-2~106-4は、通過帯域が2オクターブ以内となっている。
ただし、入力信号100を時間領域から周波数領域に変換したときのDC成分を含む非常に低い周波数fL以下を通過させないフィルタ特性にすることで、全てのフィルタ106-1~106-Nの通過帯域を2オクターブ以内に設定することもできる。すなわち、
1番目のフィルタ106-1の特性を、周波数fL~3fLを通過帯域としたBPFとし、
2番目のフィルタ106-2の特性を、周波数3fL~9fLを通過帯域としたBPFとし、
3番目のフィルタ106-3の特性を、周波数9fL~27fLを通過帯域としたBPFとし、
4番目のフィルタ106-4の特性を、周波数27fL~81fLを通過帯域としたBPFとする。
このように、N番目のフィルタ106-Nまでそれぞれフィルタ特性を設定することで、全てのフィルタ106-1~106-Nの通過帯域を2オクターブ以内に設定することができる。
通常、人間の聴覚において20Hz以下の音域は聞こえないため、周波数fLを20Hz付近に設定することで、低音の減少なく、全てのフィルタ106-1~106-Nの通過帯域を2オクターブ以内に抑えることができる。
図3では(1)フィルタ特性の設定例1の構成例として、
1番目のフィルタ106-1の特性は、300Hz以下を通過帯域としたLPF、
2番目のフィルタ106-2の特性は、300Hz~900Hzを通過帯域としたBPF、
3番目のフィルタ106-3の特性は、900Hz~2700Hzを通過帯域としたBPF、
4番目のフィルタ106-4の特性は、2700Hz~8000Hzを通過帯域としたBPF、
5番目のフィルタ106-5の特性は、8000Hz以上を通過帯域としたHPF(High Pass Filter)とする。
上記5つのフィルタ106-1~106-5を用いることにより、1番目のフィルタ106-1を除く各フィルタ106-2~106-5の通過帯域を2オクターブ以内に収めることができる。
なお、後述する通り、各フィルタ106-1~106-5のカットオフ周波数(隣り合う帯域の境となる周波数)における減衰量を-3dBとして設計すると好ましい。
すなわち、乗算器108-1~108-Nでは共通のゲイン係数値104を用いてゲイン調整(ダイナミックレンジ制御)を行うことになる。
ここで、第2のフィルタ群110を構成するフィルタ111-1~111-Nの特性は、第1のフィルタ群105を構成するフィルタ106-1~106-Nの特性と同一の特性に設定されている。このような特性に設定する効果については後述する。
図4Aおよび図4Bは、本実施の形態1に係るダイナミックレンジ制御装置にて処理される信号の周波数特性の変化例を示すグラフである。この例では、入力信号100を周波数fa,fbの2つの周波数から構成される信号とする。また、帯域分割数N=5とし、1番目のフィルタ106-1,111-1を除く各フィルタ106-2~106-5,111-2~111-5の通過帯域がそれぞれ2オクターブ以内に設定されているものとする。また、周波数faは2番目のフィルタ106-2,111-2の通過帯域内(例えば300Hz~900Hz)にあり、周波数fbは3番目のフィルタ106-3,111-3の通過帯域内(例えば900Hz~2700Hz)にあるものとする。なお、これらの数値は一例であり、入力信号100が任意の周波数の信号成分を含んでいても以下に説明する効果が得られる。
すなわち、1番目のフィルタ106-1の通過帯域内には入力信号100の信号成分が存在しないため、1番目の帯域制限信号107-1はゼロ信号となる。
2番目のフィルタ106-2の通過帯域内には入力信号100の周波数fa成分のみが存在するため、2番目の帯域制限信号107-2はfa成分のみの信号となる。
3番目のフィルタ106-3の通過帯域内には入力信号100の周波数fb成分のみが存在するため、3番目の帯域制限信号107-3はfb成分のみの信号となる。
4番目と5番目のフィルタ106-4,106-5の通過帯域内には入力信号100の信号成分が存在しないため、4番目と5番目の帯域制限信号107-4,107-5はゼロ信号となる。
また、図4A(d)において、3番目の帯域制限信号107-3は、乗算器108-3によってゲイン係数値104が乗じられてゲイン調整される。ゲイン調整された3番目のゲイン調整信号109-3にも、奇数次高調波(3×fb,5×fb,・・・)が発生する。
また、図4B(f)において、3番目のゲイン調整信号109-3は、第2のフィルタ群110の3番目のフィルタ111-3にて、再び帯域制限される(例えば900Hz~2700Hz)。
この出力信号114には、周波数fa,fbの信号成分しか存在せず、新たに発生する奇数次高調波は存在しないこととなる。
このため、信号合成部113において、各高調波除去信号112-1~112-Nを加算することにより、カットオフ周波数の信号成分が6dB増加して、元の信号成分の強度を回復することができる。もし、隣り合う帯域のカットオフ周波数の位相特性が揃っていない場合には、信号合成部113の前段で全域通過フィルタ(All Pass Filter:APF)を用いることで位相を揃えることができる。位相が揃っている信号同士を加算することにより、信号強度は6dB増加されることとなる。
一方、上記(1)フィルタ特性の設定例1のように、全フィルタのうち、カットオフ周波数が最も低い周波数fC[Hz]になる1番目のフィルタ106-1,フィルタ111-1をLPFにした場合、0~fC/3[Hz]の帯域内にある信号はフィルタ111-1でフィルタリング処理しても奇数次高調波歪みが残る。このように、ゲイン調整によって発生する奇数次高調波の一部が除去しきれないことになるが、低音の高調波は音質劣化と知覚されにくいため、実使用上は問題にならない。
図5は、この発明の実施の形態2に係るダイナミックレンジ制御装置の、主要構成部分を示すブロック図である。なお、図5において図1と同一または相当の部分については同一の符号を付し説明を省略する。
本実施の形態2のダイナミックレンジ制御装置において、上記実施の形態1との違いは、1個の音量レベル値102とゲイン係数値104とに代えて、N個の音量レベル算出部201-1~201-Nとゲイン算出部203-1~203-Nとを設けた点である。
ただし、上記実施の形態1では入力信号100の全帯域の信号成分に基づいた音量レベル値102が算出されることになるが、一方、本実施の形態2では入力信号100のうちの2オクターブ以内の各信号成分に基づいた音量レベル値202-1~202-Nが算出されることになる。
2番目の音量レベル算出部201-2は、入力された周波数f~3fの帯域制限信号107-2の音量レベル値を算出し、算出した音量レベル値202-2を2番目のゲイン算出部203-2に向けて出力する。2番目のゲイン算出部203-2は、入力された音量レベル値202-2に基づいて現時刻のゲイン係数値204-2を算出し、2番目の乗算器108-2に向けて出力する。
同様にして、N番目の音量レベル算出部201-Nは、入力された2オクターブ以内の帯域制限信号107-Nの音量レベル値を算出し、算出した音量レベル値202-NをN番目のゲイン算出部203-Nに向けて出力する。N番目のゲイン算出部203-Nは、入力された音量レベル値202-Nに基づいて現時刻のゲイン係数値204-Nを算出し、N番目の乗算器108-Nに向けて出力する。
そして、第2のフィルタ群110のN個のフィルタ111-1~111-Nが、ゲイン調整信号109-1~109-Nからそれぞれ奇数次高調波を除去し、除去後の高調波除去信号112-1~112-Nを信号合成部113へ向けて出力する。信号合成部113は、入力された高調波除去信号112-1~112-Nを合成して出力信号114にする。
その場合には、例えば、ゲイン算出部203-1~203-Nが音量レベル-ゲイン係数の変換に用いる変換テーブルを、ゲイン算出部203-1~203-Nの処理対象となる帯域毎に個別に調整しておけばよい。
さらに、各ゲイン算出部203-1~203-Nに複数種類の変換テーブルを設定しておいて外部からの指示に応じて変換テーブルを使い分けるようにして、1つのダイナミックレンジ制御装置において、例えば音声帯域を強調するダイナミックレンジ制御と低音域を強調するダイナミックレンジ制御とを使い分け可能な構成にしてもよい。
従って、実施の形態2によれば、高品質かつ多彩なダイナミックレンジ制御を行うことができる。
Claims (6)
- 入力された音信号の音量レベルに概略比例する音量レベル値を算出する音量レベル算出部と、
前記音量レベル算出部で算出した前記音量レベル値に応じたゲイン係数値を算出するゲイン算出部と、
前記音信号をN(>1)個の周波数帯域に分割してN個の帯域制限信号を出力する、N個のフィルタから構成される第1のフィルタ群と、
前記第1のフィルタ群から出力された前記N個の帯域制限信号に対して、前記ゲイン算出部で算出した前記ゲイン係数値をそれぞれ乗算してゲイン調整するN個の乗算器と、
前記N個の乗算器から出力された前記N個の帯域制限信号について、それぞれ所定の周波数帯域を抽出する、N個のフィルタから構成される第2のフィルタ群と、
前記第2のフィルタ群から出力された前記N個の帯域制限信号を1つの信号に合成する信号合成部とを備えるダイナミックレンジ制御装置。 - 入力された音信号をN(>1)個の周波数帯域に分割してN個の帯域制限信号を出力する、N個のフィルタから構成される第1のフィルタ群と、
前記第1のフィルタ群から出力された前記N個の帯域制限信号の音量レベルに概略比例するN個の音量レベル値を算出するN個の音量レベル算出部と、
前記N個の音量レベル算出部で算出した前記N個の音量レベル値に応じたN個のゲイン係数値を算出するN個のゲイン算出部と、
前記第1のフィルタ群から出力された前記N個の帯域制限信号に対して、前記N個のゲイン算出部で算出した前記N個のゲイン係数値を乗算してゲイン調整するN個の乗算器と、
前記N個の乗算器から出力された前記N個の帯域制限信号について、それぞれ所定の周波数帯域を抽出する、N個のフィルタから構成される第2のフィルタ群と、
前記第2のフィルタ群から出力された前記N個の帯域制限信号を1つの信号に合成する信号合成部とを備えるダイナミックレンジ制御装置。 - 第1のフィルタ群を構成するN個のフィルタのうちの一部のフィルタ、またはN個全部のフィルタは、通過帯域が概略2オクターブ以内に設定されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載のダイナミックレンジ制御装置。
- 第1のフィルタ群を構成するN個のフィルタのうちの一部のフィルタ、またはN個全部のフィルタは、通過帯域が概略2オクターブ以内に設定されていることを特徴とする請求項2記載のダイナミックレンジ制御装置。
- 第2のフィルタ群を構成するN個のフィルタは、第1のフィルタ群を構成するN個のフィルタと概略同一の特性に設定されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載のダイナミックレンジ制御装置。
- 第2のフィルタ群を構成するN個のフィルタは、第1のフィルタ群を構成するN個のフィルタと概略同一の特性に設定されていることを特徴とする請求項2記載のダイナミックレンジ制御装置。
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- 2011-09-15 CN CN201180072166.9A patent/CN103650041B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-09-15 JP JP2013533343A patent/JP5762549B2/ja active Active
- 2011-09-15 US US14/122,482 patent/US9178479B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-09-15 DE DE112011105624.9T patent/DE112011105624B4/de active Active
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| JP2001276737A (ja) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | レベル制御回路及びリミッタ回路 |
| JP2003299181A (ja) * | 2002-04-03 | 2003-10-17 | Sony Corp | オーディオ信号処理装置及びオーディオ信号処理方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022552456A (ja) * | 2019-09-13 | 2022-12-16 | ドルビー ラボラトリーズ ライセンシング コーポレイション | アーチファクトを低減したダイナミックレンジ圧縮 |
| US12126973B2 (en) | 2019-09-13 | 2024-10-22 | Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation | Dynamic range compression with reduced artifacts |
| JP2025060824A (ja) * | 2019-09-13 | 2025-04-10 | ドルビー ラボラトリーズ ライセンシング コーポレイション | アーチファクトを低減したダイナミックレンジ圧縮 |
| JP7682860B2 (ja) | 2019-09-13 | 2025-05-26 | ドルビー ラボラトリーズ ライセンシング コーポレイション | アーチファクトを低減したダイナミックレンジ圧縮 |
| JP7771343B2 (ja) | 2019-09-13 | 2025-11-17 | ドルビー ラボラトリーズ ライセンシング コーポレイション | アーチファクトを低減したダイナミックレンジ圧縮 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20140086435A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
| US9178479B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 |
| CN103650041B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
| DE112011105624B4 (de) | 2023-03-02 |
| JPWO2013038451A1 (ja) | 2015-03-23 |
| JP5762549B2 (ja) | 2015-08-12 |
| DE112011105624T5 (de) | 2014-08-28 |
| CN103650041A (zh) | 2014-03-19 |
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