WO2013035645A1 - 無機繊維成形体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
無機繊維成形体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013035645A1 WO2013035645A1 PCT/JP2012/072226 JP2012072226W WO2013035645A1 WO 2013035645 A1 WO2013035645 A1 WO 2013035645A1 JP 2012072226 W JP2012072226 W JP 2012072226W WO 2013035645 A1 WO2013035645 A1 WO 2013035645A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/0081—Embedding aggregates to obtain particular properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/4209—Inorganic fibres
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
- F27D1/0006—Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
- F27D1/0006—Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics
- F27D1/0009—Comprising ceramic fibre elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
- C04B2235/522—Oxidic
- C04B2235/5228—Silica and alumina, including aluminosilicates, e.g. mullite
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/526—Fibers characterised by the length of the fibers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5264—Fibers characterised by the diameter of the fibers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/606—Drying
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/608—Green bodies or pre-forms with well-defined density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/616—Liquid infiltration of green bodies or pre-forms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/78—Grain sizes and shapes, product microstructures, e.g. acicular grains, equiaxed grains, platelet-structures
- C04B2235/786—Micrometer sized grains, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
- F01N3/2853—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
- F01N3/2864—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing the mats or gaskets comprising two or more insulation layers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D2001/0059—Construction elements of a furnace
- F27D2001/0069—Means to prevent heat conduction
- F27D2001/0073—Surrounding protection around the furnace, e.g. covers, circulation of gas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/24992—Density or compression of components
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an inorganic fiber molded body and a method for producing the same, and in particular, is extremely lightweight, excellent in thermal shock resistance and mechanical shock resistance, and in handling, such as scattering of fibers and particulate matter, generation of gas, etc.
- the present invention relates to an inorganic fiber molded body useful as a veneering material such as various industrial furnace inner walls and molten metal ladle lids, a heat insulating material for conveyance, and a burner tile, and a method for producing the inorganic fiber molded body.
- an inorganic fiber molded body what was manufactured by dehydrating and then firing a slurry containing inorganic fibers such as alumina fibers and silica fibers, inorganic particles, an inorganic binder, an organic binder, and the like is known. .
- This inorganic fiber molded body is comparatively light and easy to process, has a shape retention capability, and is excellent in heat insulation, and is therefore used as a refractory heat insulation material for an industrial furnace for high temperature.
- the needling-processed inorganic fiber aggregate has recently been improved in its extremely light weight, easy processability, and thermal shock resistance in order to improve the temperature controllability in the high-temperature firing furnace and save energy. It is often used as a high-temperature heat insulating material (a blanket block).
- the inorganic fiber is usually an aggregate of fibers having various lengths.
- a conventional inorganic fiber molded body obtained by slurrying such inorganic fiber with a binder component or the like, dehydrating and firing, There is a problem that cracks are generated on the surface due to mechanical impact and thermal shock during cutting or use, and inorganic fibers and particulate matter on the surface of the molded product fall off and scatter.
- inorganic fibers are produced by the melt spinning method and include fibers having a fiber diameter of 3 ⁇ m or less, which are defined as respirable fibers by the WHO (World Health Organization).
- fibers made of silica-based raw materials generate cristobalite that is harmful to the human body when exposed to temperatures of 1000 ° C. or higher.
- the inorganic fiber aggregate that has been subjected to needling processing is processed into a block as it is and applied as a heat insulation for high-temperature furnaces, it is excellent in thermal shock resistance, but under conditions of use of a high wind speed burner such as a high speed gas burner. There was a problem that the wind erosion occurred on the surface due to the wind speed and the fibers were scattered.
- the inorganic fiber molded body itself is formed by dehydration molding of slurry using defibrated fibers, the material structure is weak against loads such as bending, vibration during processing, transportation, use, etc. There was a problem that cracking occurred and was also vulnerable to thermal shock.
- the thermal shock to the kneaded material layer is reduced by arranging the inorganic fiber blanket layer on the inside of the furnace and the kneaded material layer of inorganic fiber, binder, and refractory powder on the outside of the furnace. It has been proposed to prevent the propagation of cracks to the furnace inner layer (see, for example, Patent Document 6).
- the present invention is extremely lightweight, has less scattering of fibers and particulate matter from the surface, has no problem of environmental pollution such as generation of harmful substances, and has not only thermal shock resistance and mechanical shock resistance but also high-speed wind erosion resistance.
- the present invention provides an inorganic fiber molded body suitable as a heat insulating material having a small amount of particulate matter on the outermost surface of the molded body.
- the inventors of the present invention preferably have an inorganic fiber molded body using a mechanical fiber assembly that does not contain fine fibers and has been subjected to a needling treatment. Attention was focused on an inorganic fiber molded body obtained by impregnating a fiber assembly with an inorganic sol and drying. And in the manufacturing process, especially in the drying process, various conditions such as the drying method and drying time and the characteristics of the obtained inorganic fiber molded body were studied earnestly.
- the density gradient of the inorganic fibers in the vertical direction when the surface having the maximum area is the bottom surface, and the inorganic content of the impregnated sol When the relationship between the state of existence in the fiber molded body, specifically, the particle size and concentration (number) of the sol is constant, it is extremely lightweight and suppresses the scattering of fibers and surface particulate matter from the surface.
- It can be composed of materials that do not have problems such as generation, and is excellent not only in thermal shock resistance and mechanical impact resistance, but also in high-speed wind erosion resistance, and is suitable as a heat insulating material with little particulate matter on the outermost surface of the molded body As a result, the present invention was completed.
- the present invention has been achieved based on the above findings, and the gist thereof is as follows.
- the first gist of the present invention is that the inorganic fiber molded body of the present invention contains inorganic fibers and inorganic binder particles, and has at least one pair of high fiber density region and low fiber density region.
- the ratio of the binder particle content in the high fiber density region and the low fiber density region determined by the method specified below is 0.5: 1 to 5: 1, and is determined by the method specified below.
- the inorganic fiber molded body is characterized in that the number average particle diameter of the inorganic binder particles on the outermost surface of the molded body is 20 to 35 ⁇ m and the number of the inorganic binder particles is less than 15.
- the binder particle content in the high fiber density region and the low fiber density region is obtained by dividing the inorganic fiber molded body into five equal parts in the thickness direction to obtain samples of the first to fifth layers. Firing for 3 hours, measuring the weight before and after firing (weight loss due to firing), and calculating the inorganic binder particle content.
- the number average particle diameter and the number of particles of the inorganic binder particles are determined by measuring the minor axis diameter and the number of particles of an inorganic particle in an area of 400 ⁇ m ⁇ 400 ⁇ m in a scanning electron microscope image.
- the difference in the absolute value of the surface density of the low fiber density region with respect to the high fiber density region is 0.005 g / cm 2 or more, and both ends in the thickness direction are high fibers. It is a density area
- the second gist of the present invention is characterized by comprising a step of impregnating an inorganic fiber aggregate with an inorganic binder and a drying step of suction dehydrating from the bottom surface of the inorganic fiber aggregate containing the inorganic binder.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an inorganic fiber molded body.
- the inorganic fiber aggregate containing the inorganic binder is sucked and dehydrated from the bottom, and at the same time, a dry air flow of 60 to 200 ° C. is brought into contact with the top surface of the inorganic fiber molded body.
- a dry air flow of 60 to 200 ° C. is brought into contact with the top surface of the inorganic fiber molded body.
- an inorganic binder composition containing acetic acid and having a viscosity of 5 to 150 cp is impregnated.
- a step of subjecting the aggregate of inorganic fiber precursors to needling treatment a step of firing the aggregate of inorganic fiber precursors subjected to the needling treatment, and an inorganic binder to the inorganic fiber aggregate obtained by firing
- a step of drying after impregnation and the aggregate of the inorganic fiber precursor subjected to the needling treatment is fired at 1100 to 1400 ° C. for 0.5 to 4 hours.
- the inorganic fiber molded body of the present invention is extremely lightweight, has a feature that there is little scattering of fibers and particulate matter from the surface, and there is no problem of environmental pollution such as generation of harmful substances. And, since it is an inorganic fiber molded body with excellent thermal shock resistance and mechanical shock resistance, in addition to excellent high-speed wind erosion resistance and excellent physical property balance, it provides a heat insulating material suitable for various applications. I can do it.
- the inorganic fiber molded body of the invention can be suitably used as a heat insulating material after being formed into various arbitrary shapes, or subjected to processing such as cutting, cutting, and bonding.
- Applications include, for example, flat board and cylindrical sleeve-like insulation, furnace walls in general high-temperature electric furnaces, iron-making furnaces, various pipes around the furnace, and supports such as skid posts It is suitably used as a refractory heat insulating material.
- the inorganic fiber molded body of the present invention is an inorganic fiber molded body containing inorganic fibers and inorganic binder particles and having at least one pair of high fiber density region and low fiber density region, and is obtained by the method specified below.
- the ratio of the binder particle content in the high fiber density region and the low fiber density region to be obtained is 0.5: 1 to 5: 1, and the number of inorganic binder particles on the outermost surface of the molded body obtained by the method specified below
- the average particle diameter is 20 to 35 ⁇ m, and the number of the inorganic binder particles is less than 15.
- the binder particle content in the high fiber density region and the low fiber density region is obtained by dividing the inorganic fiber molded body into five equal parts in the thickness direction to obtain samples of the first to fifth layers. Firing for 3 hours, measuring the weight before and after firing (weight loss due to firing), and calculating the inorganic binder particle content.
- the number average particle diameter and the number of particles of the inorganic binder particles are determined by measuring the minor axis diameter and the number of particles of an inorganic particle in an area of 400 ⁇ m ⁇ 400 ⁇ m in a scanning electron microscope image.
- the shape of the inorganic fiber molded body is arbitrary, but, for example, when showing the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped having a mat shape, i.e., a flat plate shape having a substantially constant height, the height, i.e., the maximum area is a flat surface.
- the vertical direction when left standing is the thickness direction of the mat-like inorganic fiber molded body.
- the bottom surface thereof may be flat or wavy like a dimple shape.
- the shape of the machine fiber molded body is arbitrary, and in addition to the mat-shaped inorganic fiber molded body, an L-shaped molded body obtained by bonding the mat-shaped molded body to two surfaces, and both ends of the mat-shaped inorganic fiber molded body.
- the shape which does not have an edge part ie, cylindrical shapes, such as cylindrical shape and polygonal cylinder shape, may be sufficient.
- the thickness direction in shapes other than these mat-like inorganic fiber molded bodies refers to the thickness direction of the mat-like inorganic fiber molded bodies constituting these molded bodies.
- the above thickness direction means the direction perpendicular to the needle entry surface in the case of a needle blanket, and the defibrated short fiber aggregate
- the defibrated short fiber aggregate in the case of a non-needling product, it means a direction perpendicular to the short fiber deposition surface.
- the inorganic fiber molded body has at least one pair of a high fiber density region and a low fiber density region in the thickness direction.
- the inorganic fiber molded body has a structure in which the inorganic fibers constituting it have at least one pair of two regions having different densities and are in contact with each other.
- the portion where two regions having different inorganic fiber densities contact each other can also be referred to as an inorganic fiber density gradient region.
- the inorganic fiber molded body has a high fiber density region on at least one surface side in the thickness direction, but has a high density fiber region on both surfaces, and one low fiber between these two high density fiber regions. It is good also as a structure which has a density area
- a plurality of high and low inorganic fiber density regions may be provided, and a plurality of inorganic fiber density gradient regions may be provided.
- the structure has a high fiber density region on both surface sides in the thickness direction of the inorganic fiber molded body, and has one low fiber density region between them, that is, has two inorganic fiber density gradient regions.
- region mentioned above in an inorganic fiber molded object shows the surface density [g / m ⁇ 2 >] of each area
- region of an inorganic fiber molded object is this inorganic fiber, when manufacturing an inorganic fiber molded object by making an inorganic fiber aggregate impregnate and dry as an inorganic binder, for example It is synonymous with the surface density of each region in the aggregate.
- the fiber density in the high-density fiber region is usually 1000 to 4000 g / m 2 , preferably 1500 to 3800 g / m 2 , more preferably 2000 to 3600 g / m as the surface density of the inorganic fiber aggregate. 2 . If this value is too small, the amount of fibers in the high-density fiber region is small, and only a very thin molded body can be obtained, and the usefulness as an inorganic fiber molded body for heat insulation tends to decrease. On the other hand, if the amount is too large, the amount of fibers is too large, so that it is difficult to control the thickness of the inorganic fiber aggregate, and manufacturing tends to be difficult.
- region according to the characteristic of the inorganic fiber molded object finally obtained.
- a portion where the difference in fiber density, that is, the difference in the absolute value of the surface density of the low fiber density region with respect to the high fiber density region is 0.005 g / cm 2 or more is defined as the boundary of this region.
- the fiber density difference is usually 0.005 g / cm 2 or more, preferably 0.0075 g / cm 2 or more, more preferably 0.009 g / cm 2 or more, and particularly preferably 0.010 g / cm 2 or more.
- the fiber density ratio By controlling the fiber density ratio within this range, scattering and dropping off of particulate matter such as inorganic fibers and inorganic binder particles are suppressed, and the thermal shock resistance, mechanical shock resistance, and high speed resistance of the inorganic fiber molded body itself are suppressed. Since wind erosion property can be maintained, it is preferable.
- the fiber density may further change in the thickness direction, particularly in the high-density fiber region.
- the fiber density increases toward the outermost surface side of the inorganic fiber molded body.
- the change in the fiber density in the high fiber density region may be continuous or stepwise, but among them, those that change stepwise are preferable because they are easy to manufacture.
- the difference in fiber density between the regions is small, that is, the absolute value of the difference in fiber density between the regions is small, among which less than 0.005 g / cm 2 , Furthermore 0.004 g / cm 2 or less, and particularly preferably 0.003 g / cm 2 or less.
- the fiber density is further changed in the thickness direction on the inner side, that is, the side opposite to the side where the low fiber density region is in contact with the high density fiber region.
- the change in the fiber density in the low fiber density region may be continuous or stepwise. Among them, the one that changes stepwise is preferable because it is easy to manufacture.
- the difference in fiber density between the regions is large, that is, the absolute value of the fiber density difference between the regions is large. It is preferable to have a difference equal to or greater than. Specifically, for example, a value greater than 0.005 g / cm 2, even 0.0075 g / cm 2 or more, and particularly preferably 0.010 g / cm 2 or more.
- This inorganic fiber molded body has binder particles.
- one of the characteristics is that the ratio of the binder particle content in the high fiber density region and the low fiber density region is 0.5: 1 to 5: 1.
- the binder particle content ratio is preferably 1.1: 1 to 5: 1, more preferably 1.2: 1 to 4.5: 1, particularly preferably 1.5: 1 to 3.5: 1. .
- the number average particle diameter of the inorganic binder particles in the field of view of 400 ⁇ m ⁇ 400 ⁇ m square on the outermost surface (high fiber density region) of the molded body is 20 to 35 ⁇ m, and the number of the inorganic binder particles is less than 15. This is one of the characteristics.
- the field of view of 400 ⁇ m ⁇ 400 ⁇ m square on the outermost surface of the molded body refers to 400 ⁇ m ⁇ 400 ⁇ m square in an image obtained by photographing the central part of the outermost surface of the molded body with a scanning electron microscope. Further, the number average particle diameter and the number of particles of the inorganic binder particles in the 400 ⁇ m ⁇ 400 ⁇ m square are visually measured from a 150 times photographed image of the visual field. For the number average particle size, the shortest particle size of the inorganic binder particle image is measured as the particle size of the particle. And a number average particle diameter is calculated
- the above-mentioned inorganic binder particles have a number average particle diameter of 20 to 35 ⁇ m.
- the number average particle diameter of the binder particles is preferably 21 to 33 ⁇ m, more preferably 21 to 32 ⁇ m.
- the number of the above-mentioned inorganic binder particles is less than 15.
- the number of inorganic binder particles is within this range, a certain amount or more of the inorganic binder particles remain in the molded body, thereby suppressing the scattering and dropping of particulate matter such as inorganic fibers and inorganic binder particles in the inorganic fiber molded body.
- the thermal shock resistance, mechanical shock resistance, and high-speed wind erosion resistance of the inorganic fiber molded body itself can be maintained.
- the lower limit of the number of inorganic binder particles may be appropriately selected, but is usually one.
- the number of inorganic binder particles is preferably 13 or less, more preferably 10 or less.
- the lower limit is preferably 2, and particularly preferably 3.
- Method for producing inorganic fiber molded body, etc. There is no restriction
- a step of obtaining an aggregate of inorganic fiber precursors a step of subjecting the obtained aggregate of inorganic fiber precursors to a needling treatment, an inorganic fiber precursor aggregate that has been subjected to the needling treatment, and firing Examples thereof include a method for producing a fiber aggregate, and a method for producing the inorganic fiber aggregate by impregnating the inorganic fiber aggregate with an inorganic binder such as an inorganic sol and drying.
- Inorganic fiber There is no restriction
- composition ratio (mass ratio) of alumina / silica-based alumina / silica fiber is preferably in the range of 65 to 98/35 to 2 called mullite composition or high alumina composition, and 70 to 95/30 to 5, Particularly preferred is 70 to 74/30 to 26.
- the inorganic fiber is preferably 80% by mass or more, preferably 90% by mass or more, and particularly preferably the total amount thereof is a polycrystalline alumina / silica fiber having the above-mentioned mullite composition.
- the crystallization rate of the inorganic fibers is arbitrary, and may be appropriately selected according to the required characteristics of the obtained inorganic fiber molded body, and is usually 30% or more compared with the peak height of mullite having a crystallinity of 100%. It is. However, if the crystallization rate is too low, the shrinkage may become remarkable during use under high-temperature heat. Therefore, the crystallization rate of the inorganic fibers is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 60% or more. The upper limit is usually 95%, preferably 90%, and more preferably 85% in order to maintain the mechanical strength of the fiber molded body.
- the fiber length (number average fiber length) of the inorganic fiber may be appropriately selected. However, if the fiber length is less than 200 ⁇ m, the inorganic fiber molded body has a decrease in tenacity (toughness) against mechanical shock and thermal shock. The function of preventing the propagation of cracks may be reduced. Conversely, if it is too long, it becomes difficult to control the thickness at the stage of forming the inorganic fiber aggregate, and as a result, it becomes difficult to control the thickness of the inorganic fiber molded body.
- the number average fiber length of the inorganic fibers is usually 210 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 220 to 800 ⁇ m, more preferably 220 to 600 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 230 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
- the shape of the inorganic fiber may be appropriately selected, but it is preferable that the fiber having a fiber diameter of 3 ⁇ m or less is not substantially contained.
- substantially free of fibers having a fiber diameter of 3 ⁇ m or less means that the fibers having a fiber diameter of 3 ⁇ m or less is 0.1% by mass or less of the total fiber mass%.
- the average fiber diameter of the inorganic fiber aggregate is preferably 5 to 7 ⁇ m. If the average fiber diameter of the inorganic fiber is too thick, the repulsive force and toughness of the fiber assembly will be lost, and if it is too thin, the amount of dust generated floating in the air may increase, and fibers with a fiber diameter of 3 ⁇ m or less are contained. Probability increases.
- the inorganic fiber aggregate having the above-mentioned preferred average fiber diameter and substantially free of fibers having a fiber diameter of 3 ⁇ m or less is produced by the spinning solution viscosity in the production of the inorganic fiber aggregate by the precursor fiberization method described later. Control of the air flow used for the spinning nozzle, drying control of the drawn yarn, and the like.
- an inorganic sol as an inorganic binder is impregnated into an inorganic fiber aggregate composed of inorganic fibers as described above.
- This inorganic fiber aggregate is preferably a needle blanket substantially free of fibers having a fiber diameter of 3 ⁇ m or less and subjected to a needling treatment.
- the needle density in the inorganic fiber aggregate subjected to the needling treatment may be appropriately selected, but is usually 2 to 200 shots / cm 2 , preferably 2 to 150 shots / cm 2 , more preferably 2 to 100 shots. / Cm 2 , particularly preferably 2 to 50 strokes / cm 2 . If the needle density is too low, there is a problem that the uniformity of the thickness when the inorganic fiber molded body is formed, and even if it is too high, the inorganic fiber is damaged and easily scattered after firing the inorganic fiber aggregate. In addition, the thermal shock resistance of the inorganic fiber molded body may be reduced.
- the surface density of the inorganic fiber aggregate may be appropriately selected in consideration of the high-density fiber region and the low fiber density region in the inorganic fiber molded body, but is usually 1000 to 4000 g / m 2 in the high-density fiber region, preferably the 1500 ⁇ 3800g / m 2, more preferably from 2000 ⁇ 3600g / m 2.
- the thickness of the inorganic fiber aggregate is not particularly limited and is appropriately designed depending on the application, but is usually about 2 to 35 mm.
- the method for producing the inorganic fiber aggregate is not particularly limited, but usually a step of obtaining an aggregate of inorganic fiber precursors, a step of performing a needling treatment on the aggregate of the obtained inorganic fiber precursors, and needling
- the aggregate of the treated inorganic fiber precursor is calcined to produce an aggregate of inorganic fibers.
- the inorganic fiber aggregate according to the present invention is an alumina / silica-based fiber aggregate. It is not limited at all, and as described above, it may be an aggregate made of silica, zirconia, spinel, titania or a composite fiber thereof.
- Basic aluminum chloride; Al (OH) 3-x Cl x can be prepared, for example, by dissolving metallic aluminum in hydrochloric acid or an aqueous aluminum chloride solution.
- the value of x in the above chemical formula is usually 0.45 to 0.54, preferably 0.5 to 0.53.
- Silica sol is preferably used as the silicon compound, but water-soluble silicon compounds such as tetraethyl silicate and water-soluble siloxane derivatives can also be used.
- the organic polymer for example, water-soluble polymer compounds such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and polyacrylamide are preferably used. Their degree of polymerization is usually 1000 to 3000.
- the ratio of aluminum derived from basic aluminum chloride to silicon derived from silicon compound is usually 99: 1 to 65:35, preferably 99: 1, in terms of the mass ratio of Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2.
- the aluminum concentration is 170 to 210 g / L
- the organic polymer concentration is 20 to 50 g / L.
- the amount of the silicon compound in the spinning solution is less than the above range, the alumina constituting the short fiber is easily converted to ⁇ -alumina, and the short fiber is easily embrittled due to coarsening of the alumina particles.
- the amount of the silicon compound in the spinning solution is larger than the above range, the amount of silica (SiO 2 ) produced together with mullite (3Al 2 O 3 .2SiO 2 ) increases, and the heat resistance tends to decrease.
- the alumina / silica fiber is obtained without obtaining an appropriate viscosity of the spinning solution.
- the fiber diameter becomes smaller. That is, as a result of too much free water in the spinning solution, the drying speed during spinning by the blowing method is slow, the drawing progresses excessively, the fiber diameter of the spun precursor fiber changes, and at a predetermined average fiber diameter In addition, short fibers having a sharp fiber diameter distribution cannot be obtained.
- a preferable concentration of aluminum in the spinning solution is 180 to 200 g / L, and a preferable concentration of the organic polymer is 30 to 40 g / L.
- the above spinning solution is prepared by adding the silicon compound and the organic polymer in an amount corresponding to the Al 2 O 3 : SiO 2 ratio to the basic aluminum chloride aqueous solution so that the concentrations of the aluminum and the organic polymer are in the above range. Prepared by concentrating.
- Spinning spininning of the spinning solution
- the structure of the spinning nozzle used in the above spinning is not particularly limited.
- the spinning liquid flow is preferably a parallel flow, and the parallel air flow is sufficiently rectified to come into contact with the spinning liquid.
- a sufficiently stretched fiber is first formed from the spinning solution under conditions where evaporation of moisture and decomposition of the spinning solution are suppressed, and then the fiber is quickly dried.
- the aggregate of alumina / silica-based fiber precursor includes an endless belt made of wire mesh so as to be substantially perpendicular to the spinning air flow, and the alumina / silica-based fiber precursor is contained in the endless belt while rotating the endless belt. It can be recovered as a continuous sheet (thin layer sheet) by an accumulator having a structure in which the spinning airflow collides. The thin layer sheets can be stacked to obtain an aggregate of alumina / silica fiber precursors.
- Needling process The aggregate of the alumina / silica fiber precursor obtained by spinning is then subjected to needling treatment.
- This needling treatment is preferably performed under conditions that satisfy the needle density described above.
- the needling process is performed by a needle punching machine. Needle punching is a method in which an alumina / silica fiber precursor (fiber) is repeatedly pierced with a needle that moves up and down at high speed, and the fibers are entangled by protrusions called barbs carved into the needle. Since the number of fibers sewn in the needle increases as the surface pierces the needle, the fiber density is higher on the needle entry surface than on the opposite surface.
- Firing after the needling treatment is usually performed at a temperature of 900 ° C. or higher, preferably 1000 to 1500 ° C.
- the firing temperature is less than 900 ° C., crystallization is insufficient, so that only weak alumina / silica fibers having a low strength can be obtained.
- the firing temperature exceeds 1500 ° C., the crystal grain growth of the fibers proceeds. Only weak alumina / silica fibers with low strength can be obtained. Therefore, the firing temperature is preferably 1000 to 1400 ° C., more preferably 1100 to 1400 ° C.
- the firing time is usually 0.1 to 10 hours, preferably 0.2 to 8 hours, more preferably 0.3 to 6 hours, particularly preferably depending on the thickness of the inorganic fiber precursor aggregate. 0.5 to 4 hours.
- Inorganic sol As the inorganic sol impregnated in the inorganic fiber aggregate, those containing one or more selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconia, titania and magnesia are preferably used. A sol having the same type of composition as the inorganic fibers constituting the inorganic fiber aggregate can also be used.
- the inorganic sol may contain the same kind of inorganic short fibers as the inorganic fibers constituting the inorganic fiber aggregate, or preferably the same kind of inorganic short fibers. Furthermore, a precursor sol of a spinel compound described later can also be suitably used.
- silica sol as the inorganic sol. That is, since silica produces cristobalite which is harmful to the human body when exposed to a temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher, it is preferable to use an inorganic sol other than the silica sol.
- a precursor sol of a spinel compound represented by the general formula: Mg x Al y O 4 (where y / x ⁇ 2 atomic ratio) as the inorganic sol, corrosion resistance due to iron oxide (scale resistance) Can be improved.
- the precursor sol can be easily prepared using alumina or magnesia sol, and the precursor sol can be oxidized by conventionally known high-temperature firing.
- an impregnation amount dry solid content
- the amount is usually 5 to 15% by mass, preferably about 7 to 12% by mass. If the solid content concentration of the inorganic sol is too low, a desired amount of impregnation cannot be obtained, and if it is too high, impregnation is difficult and workability and various physical properties deteriorate.
- the inorganic binder it is preferable to use an inorganic binder composition containing the above-described inorganic sol and an acid component such as acetic acid as a dispersant, and impregnate the inorganic fiber aggregate.
- the content of acetic acid and the like may be appropriately selected.
- the inorganic binder composition it is usually 6 to 14% by mass, preferably 8 to 11% by mass.
- a solid content concentration of the inorganic sol and the like so that the viscosity is 5 to 150 cp. By setting the viscosity within this range, it is preferable because the impregnation can be performed efficiently and the dispersion of the inorganic binder in the resulting inorganic fiber molded body becomes good.
- the inorganic fiber molded body of the present invention is produced by impregnating an inorganic fiber aggregate with the inorganic sol as described above and drying.
- the inorganic sol becomes inorganic binder particles in the inorganic fiber molded body through this renewal / drying step.
- the impregnation amount of the inorganic sol is appropriately set depending on the bulk density, thickness, hardness, mechanical strength, thermal characteristics, production cost, etc. of the target inorganic fiber molded body.
- the impregnation amount (dry solid content) of the inorganic sol with respect to part by mass is usually 10 to 50 parts by mass, preferably 10 to 20 parts by mass.
- the amount of impregnation of the inorganic sol is too small, the desired thickness, hardness, mechanical and thermal strength, etc. cannot be obtained in the inorganic fiber molded body, and if it is too much, the lightness tends to decrease. However, dust generation due to dropping off tends to increase.
- Drying of the inorganic fiber aggregate impregnated with the inorganic sol is usually performed by heating to 80 to 150 ° C. If the drying temperature is too low, sufficient drying cannot be achieved. If the drying temperature is too high, rapid moisture evaporation occurs in the vicinity of the surface layer, and solid content tends to concentrate on the surface layer, resulting in uneven impregnation throughout the thickness direction.
- the inorganic fiber molded body of the present invention in the drying step of the inorganic fiber aggregate impregnated with the inorganic sol as the inorganic binder, suction dehydration is performed from the surface (bottom surface) having the maximum area of the inorganic fiber aggregate. It is preferable that the inorganic fiber molded body can be efficiently produced by drying.
- the inorganic binder particles in the thickness method in the resulting inorganic fiber molded body can be suppressed from being biased to the surface of the molded body, and the distribution can be moderated, so that the inorganic binder is removed from the inorganic fiber molded body.
- the suction method and the suction force may be appropriately selected. Specifically, for example, a spiral blower or the like is used, and the suction force is usually 1 to 2 per 1 m 2 of the bottom area of the inorganic fiber aggregate to be sucked. 600 [m 3 / min ⁇ m 2 ], preferably 2 to 500 [m 3 / min ⁇ m 2 ].
- the effect of the above-described suction drying is remarkable by simultaneously performing this suction and suction drying while contacting warm air with the surface (upper surface) opposite to the bottom surface of the mat-like inorganic fiber molded body. Therefore, it is preferable.
- the warm air used here is usually dry air or the like, but may be an inert gas such as nitrogen gas.
- the temperature of the hot air may be appropriately selected, but is usually 40 to 200 ° C, preferably 60 to 200 ° C.
- the bulk density of the inorganic fiber molded body is usually about 0.08 to 0.30 g / cm 3 , preferably about 0.1 to 0.26 g / cm 3 , more preferably about 0.1 to 0.2 g / cm 3. .
- the thickness of the inorganic fiber molded body is appropriately set according to the application, but is usually about 12.5 to 50 mm.
- An inorganic fiber molded body can be obtained by impregnating and drying an inorganic sol on one inorganic fiber aggregate without laminating the above-mentioned needling-treated inorganic fiber aggregate, or by laminating two or more layers.
- the laminated body may be impregnated with an inorganic sol and dried.
- the needle entry surfaces surfaces that form a high-density region
- the thermal shock resistance and mechanical shock resistance may be excellent.
- the bulk density of the resulting inorganic fiber molded article tends to increase, and the lightness tends to be impaired.
- the heat insulating material of the present invention comprises the inorganic fiber molded body of the present invention described above. That is, since the inorganic fiber molded body of the present invention is composed of an inorganic material, it has excellent fire resistance and thermal shock resistance, and excellent thermal shock resistance and mechanical shock resistance. It can be suitably used by processing into various arbitrary shapes.
- the shape may be a cylindrical shape or a polygonal cylinder when laying on an L-shaped heat insulating material obtained by joining two surfaces of this mat-shaped heat insulating material or a long object such as a pipe. It may be a cylindrical heat insulating material.
- the measurement and evaluation methods of various physical properties and characteristics of the inorganic fiber molded body and the inorganic fiber aggregate in the production process are as follows.
- the inorganic fiber aggregate was processed into an area of 50 mm ⁇ 100 mm pieces, compressed to the target thickness of the inorganic fiber molded body, and then divided into 5 equal parts, the weight of each layer was measured, and the density was calculated.
- ⁇ Wind erosion resistance test Process the inorganic fiber molded body into an area of 50 mm x 100 mm pieces, contact with 0.4 MPa to 0.6 MPa wind from the tip of a 2 mm ⁇ nozzle at a distance of 20 mm for 10 minutes, and observe the presence or absence and depth of surface holes did.
- Examples 1 and 2 A basic aluminum chloride aqueous solution having an aluminum concentration of 170 g / L and an Al / Cl (atomic ratio) of 1.8 was prepared. The aluminum content was quantified by a chelate titration method using EDTA. Next, silica sol and polyvinyl alcohol are added to the above aqueous solution and then concentrated, and the ratio of aluminum to silicon (weight ratio of Al 2 O 3 to SiO 2 ) is 72:28, the total of alumina and silica converted to oxide mass. A spinning solution having a mass concentration of about 30% by mass and a viscosity of 40 poise (measured by a rotational viscometer at 25 ° C.) was obtained.
- the spinning solution was spun by a blowing method and then collected to obtain a mat-like fiber aggregate of alumina / silica fiber precursor.
- This mat-like fiber assembly is subjected to needling, fired at 1200 ° C., and a polycrystalline alumina / silica-based fiber assembly having a predetermined thickness of 600 mm ⁇ 600 mm (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “raw fabric”) Got.
- the needling was performed by a needle punching machine with a needle density of 3 strokes / cm 2 or more.
- the average fiber diameter (average value of 100 fibers) of the alumina / silica fiber was 5.5 ⁇ m, and the minimum fiber diameter was 3.5 ⁇ m.
- the raw fabric was cut into approximately 300 mm ⁇ 300 mm, and the two sheets were used, and the cotton density of the fiber assembly was measured and the board-shaped molded body was produced according to the following procedure.
- the density difference between layers the fiber density ratio (low fiber density region / high fiber) Density region).
- the second, third, and fourth layers are low fiber density regions
- the first layer and the fifth layer are high density fiber regions.
- the suction force is 3.0 m 3 / min and suction is performed from the bottom surface of the raw material, and 125 ° C. dry air is brought into contact with the top surface (the surface opposite to the bottom surface) of the raw material 30
- the board-shaped inorganic fiber molded body shown in Table 3 was obtained by drying for a minute. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of this board-like inorganic fiber molded body.
- Example 1 the board-like inorganic fiber molding shown in Table 3 is performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the raw fabrics are not overlapped and are used as a single layer having the thickness, surface density, and bulk density shown in Table 1.
- Table 2 shows the surface density of each layer, the density difference between the layers, and the fiber density ratio (low fiber density region / high fiber density region) measured for the first to fifth layers obtained by dividing the compression height into five equal parts. there were.
- the first, second, and third layers are low fiber density regions, and the fourth and fifth layers are high density fiber regions.
- Example 5 and Example 6 the first layer is a low fiber density region, and the second to fifth layers are high density fiber regions.
- Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the obtained board-like inorganic fiber molded body.
- Comparative Example 1 As the inorganic fiber, an alumina / silica fiber having an alumina / silica composition ratio of 50/50 (mass ratio) obtained by melt spinning was adjusted to a fiber length of about 200 ⁇ m with a dry defibrator. Table 3 shows 200 g of fine alumina / silica fiber, 30 g of alumina powder, 50 g of mullite powder, 20 g of starch, 10 g of silica sol, and 2 g of a flocculant mixed with 10 liters of water using a pulper. A board-like inorganic fiber molded body was obtained. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the obtained board-like inorganic fiber molded body.
- Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 1 was the same as Comparative Example 1 except that alumina / silica fiber having a mullite composition having an alumina / silica composition ratio of 72/28 (mass ratio) obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was used as the inorganic fiber. In the same manner, board-like inorganic fiber molded bodies shown in Table 3 were obtained. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the obtained board-like inorganic fiber molded body.
- Comparative Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 1, a mat-like fiber aggregate of alumina / silica fiber precursor having a mullite composition having an alumina / silica composition ratio of 72/28 (mass ratio) obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was used as the inorganic fiber. Then, needle punching was performed to obtain a fiber assembly shown in Table 1. This inorganic fiber aggregate was not impregnated with an inorganic sol, and itself was evaluated as an inorganic fiber molded body. Table 2 shows the surface density of each layer, the density difference between the layers, and the fiber density ratio (low fiber density region / high fiber density region) measured for the first to fifth layers obtained by dividing the compression height into five equal parts. there were. The first layer was a low fiber density region, and the other layers, the second to fifth layers, were high density fiber regions. Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the board-like inorganic fiber molded body.
- Example 4 In Example 1, the board-like inorganic fiber molded body shown in Table 3 except that when the two original fabrics were superposed, the needle entry surfaces (surfaces forming a high-density region) were superposed on each other. Got. Table 2 shows the surface density of each layer, the density difference between the layers, and the fiber density ratio (low fiber density region / high fiber density region) measured for the first to fifth layers obtained by dividing the compression height into five equal parts. there were. A sufficiently different high density fiber region and low fiber density region were not formed.
- Example 1 In Example 1, the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed, except that suction and drying with dry air were not performed from the bottom of the original fabric, and instead, static standing drying (110 to 120 ° C.) was performed in an electric furnace.
- the board-shaped inorganic fiber molded body shown in 3 was obtained.
- Table 2 shows the surface density of each layer, the density difference between the layers, and the fiber density ratio (low fiber density region / high fiber density region) measured for the first to fifth layers obtained by dividing the compression height into five equal parts. there were.
- the second, third, and fourth layers are low fiber density regions, and the first and fifth layers are high density fiber regions.
- Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the obtained board-like inorganic fiber molded body.
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Abstract
Description
上記の高繊維密度領域と低繊維密度領域とにおけるバインダー粒子含有量は、無機繊維成形体を厚み方向に5等分して第1層~第5層の試料を得、各試料を1000℃で3時間焼成し、焼成前後の重量(焼成による重量減)を測定し、無機バインダー粒子含有量を算出する。
上記の無機バインダー粒子の数平均粒子径および粒子数は、走査電子顕微鏡画像において400μm×400μmの面積における無機質粒子の短軸径および粒子数を計測する。
本発明の無機繊維成形体は、無機繊維と無機バインダー粒子とを含有し、少なくとも一組の高繊維密度領域と低繊維密度領域を有する無機繊維成形体であって、以下に規定する方法で求められる高繊維密度領域と低繊維密度領域とにおけるバインダー粒子含有量の比が、0.5:1~5:1であり、以下に規定する方法で求められる成形体最表面における無機バインダー粒子の数平均粒子径が20~35μmであり且つ当該無機バインダー粒子の個数が15個未満であることを特徴とする。
上記の高繊維密度領域と低繊維密度領域とにおけるバインダー粒子含有量は、無機繊維成形体を厚み方向に5等分して第1層~第5層の試料を得、各試料を1000℃で3時間焼成し、焼成前後の重量(焼成による重量減)を測定し、無機バインダー粒子含有量を算出する。
上記の無機バインダー粒子の数平均粒子径および粒子数は、走査電子顕微鏡画像において400μm×400μmの面積における無機質粒子の短軸径および粒子数を計測する。
無機繊維成形体の製造方法は特に制限は無く任意であり、従来公知の任意の方法により製造することが出来る。通常は、無機繊維前駆体の集合体を得る工程、得られた無機繊維前駆体の集合体にニードリング等の処理を施す工程、ニードリング処理された無機繊維前駆体の集合体を焼成し無機繊維集合体を得る工程、及び、無機繊維集合体に無機質ゾル等の無機バインダーを含浸させ、乾燥させてなる工程を経ることにより製造する方法が挙げられる。
無機繊維成形体における無機繊維としては、特に制限はなく、従来公知の任意のものを使用できる。具体的には例えば、シリカ、アルミナ/シリカ、これらを含むジルコニア、スピネル、チタニア等の単独、又は複合繊維が挙げられるが、特に好ましいのは耐熱性、繊維強度(靭性)、安全性の点で、アルミナ/シリカ系繊維、特に多結晶質アルミナ/シリカ系繊維である。
無機繊維の繊維長(数平均繊維長)は、適宜選択すればよいが、200μmに満たないと、無機繊維成形体において、機械的衝撃に対する粘り強さ(靭性)の低下や、熱衝撃に対してクラックの伝播を防ぐ機能が低下する場合がある。逆に長過ぎると無機繊維集合体を形成する段階で厚み制御が困難となり、その結果、無機繊維成形体の厚み制御も困難となる。
本発明の無機繊維成形体は、上述した様な無機繊維からなる無機繊維集合体に無機バインダーとして無機質ゾルを含浸させる。
このニードリング処理が施された無機繊維集合体におけるニードル密度は、適宜選択すればよいが、通常2~200打/cm2、好ましくは2~150打/cm2、更に好ましくは2~100打/cm2、特に好ましくは2~50打/cm2である。このニードル密度が低過ぎると、無機繊維成形体とした際の厚みの均一性が低下する等の問題があり、高過ぎても、無機繊維を傷め、無機繊維集合体の焼成後に飛散し易くなり、かつ無機繊維成形体の耐熱衝撃性が低下する恐れがある。
無機繊維集合体の面密度は、無機繊維成形体における高密度繊維領域や低繊維密度領域を考慮して適宜選択すればよいが、高密度繊維領域においては、通常1000~4000g/m2、好ましくは1500~3800g/m2、更に好ましくは2000~3600g/m2である。
無機繊維集合体の製造方法は、特に制限されないが、通常、無機繊維前駆体の集合体を得る工程と、得られた無機繊維前駆体の集合体に、ニードリング処理を施す工程と、ニードリング処理された無機繊維前駆体の集合体を焼成して無機繊維の集合体とする焼成工程とを経て製造される。
前駆体繊維化法によりアルミナ/シリカ系繊維の集合体を製造するには、まず、塩基性塩化アルミニウム、珪素化合物、増粘剤としての有機重合体及び水を含有する紡糸液をブローイング法で紡糸してアルミナ/シリカ繊維前駆体の集合体を得る。
塩基性塩化アルミニウム;Al(OH)3-xClxは、例えば、塩酸又は塩化アルミニウム水溶液に金属アルミニウムを溶解させることにより調製することができる。上記の化学式におけるxの値は、通常0.45~0.54、好ましくは0.5~0.53である。珪素化合物としては、シリカゾルが好適に使用されるが、その他にはテトラエチルシリケートや水溶性シロキサン誘導体などの水溶性珪素化合物を使用することもできる。有機重合体としては、例えば、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリアクリルアミド等の水溶性高分子化合物が好適に使用される。これらの重合度は、通常1000~3000である。
紡糸(紡糸液の繊維化)は、通常、高速の紡糸気流中に紡糸液を供給するブローイング法によって行われ、これにより、アルミナ/シリカ系繊維前駆体が得られる。上記の紡糸の際に使用する紡糸ノズルの構造は、特に制限はないが、例えば、特許第2602460号公報に記載されているような、エアーノズルより吹き出される空気流と紡糸液供給ノズルより押し出される紡糸液流とは並行流となり、しかも、空気の並行流は充分に整流されて紡糸液と接触する構造のものが好ましい。
紡糸により得られたアルミナ/シリカ系繊維前駆体の集合体は、次いでニードリング処理を施す。このニードリング処理は、前述のニードル密度を満たすような条件で行うことが好ましい。通常、ニードリング処理はニードルパンチング機械により行う。ニードルパンチは、高速で上下するニードル(針)でアルミナ/シリカ系繊維前駆体(繊維)の集合体を繰り返し突き刺し、ニードルに刻まれたバーブという突起により繊維を絡ませる方法であるが、厚み方向に縫われる繊維の数がニードルを刺す面ほど、多くなるため、繊維密度はニードル進入面の方がその反対面に比べて高くなる。
ニードリング処理後の焼成は、通常900℃以上、好ましくは1000~1500℃の温度で行う。焼成温度が900℃未満の場合は結晶化が不十分なため強度の小さい脆弱なアルミナ/シリカ系繊維しか得られず、焼成温度が1500℃を超える場合は繊維の結晶の粒成長が進行して強度の小さい脆弱なアルミナ/シリカ系繊維しか得られない。よってこの焼成温度は、好ましくは1000~1400℃、更に好ましくは1100~1400℃である。また、焼成時間は、無機繊維前駆体集合体の厚み等にもよるが、通常0.1~10時間、好ましくは0.2~8時間、更に好ましくは0.3~6時間、特に好ましくは0.5~4時間である。
無機繊維集合体に含浸させる無機質ゾルとしては、アルミナ、ジルコニア、チタニア、及びマグネシアよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上を含むものが好ましく用いられる。また、無機繊維集合体を構成する無機繊維と同種の組成を有するゾルを用いることもできる。この無機質ゾル中には、無機繊維集合体を構成する無機繊維と同種、又は異種の無機短繊維、好ましくは同種の無機短繊維を含んでいてもよい。更に、後述するスピネル系化合物の前駆体ゾルも好適に用いることができる。
無機質ゾルを無機繊維集合体に含浸させるには、無機繊維集合体を型枠等に入れ、無機質ゾルに浸漬した後引き上げる方法などが挙げられる。この浸漬は複数回数繰り返し行ってもよい。含浸後は、真空吸引等の吸引成形、又は加圧、圧縮成形により余分なゾルを脱液して、次の乾燥工程に供する。
無機質ゾルを含浸させた無機繊維集合体の乾燥は、通常80~150℃に加熱することにより行う。乾燥温度が低すぎると十分に乾燥することができず、高過ぎると表層近傍での急激な水分の蒸発が起こり、固形分が表層に集中しやすく厚み方向全体の含浸むらが発生する。
無機繊維成形体の嵩密度は、通常0.08~0.30g/cm3、好ましくは0.1~0.26g/cm3、更に好ましくは0.1~0.2g/cm3程度である。無機繊維成形体の嵩密度が小さすぎると、成形体としての機械的強度が不足し逆に、大きすぎると靭性が失われ剛直で割れやすくなる。また、無機繊維成形体の厚さは、その用途に応じて適宜設定されるが、通常12.5~50mm程度である。
無機繊維成形体は、前述のニードリング処理された無機繊維集合体を積層することなく、一層の無機繊維集合体に対して無機質ゾルを含浸、乾燥させても、または、2層以上積層してなる積層体に対して無機質ゾルを含浸、乾燥させてもよい。
本発明の断熱材は、上述してきた本発明の無機繊維成形体よりなるものである。即ち、本発明の無機繊維成形体は、無機材料で構成されるため耐火断熱性に優れ、耐熱衝撃性及び耐機械的衝撃性にも優れるため、バーナータイル等の高温用工業炉耐火断熱材として各種任意の形状に加工し、好適に用いることができる。
走査電子顕微鏡画像から、無機繊維成形体の断面を厚さ方向に5等分した各層の中央部を選択し400μm×400μmの面積で、各々の視野中に目視できる全繊維の長さを計測し、各層毎に平均長さを求め、5層の平均値を求めた。
無機繊維成形体の重量を天秤にて測定する一方、成形体の長さ、幅、厚さをノギスにて測定して体積を計算した後、重量を体積で割って求めた。
無機繊維成型体(300mm×300mm)から50mm×100mmの個片を切り出し、厚み方向に5等分して第1層~第5層の試料を得、各試料を1000℃で3時間焼成し、焼成前後の重量(焼成による重量減)を測定し、無機バインダー粒子含有量を算出した。そして、これらの全ての算出値を比較して無機バインダー含有量比の最大値と最小値を求めた。尚、上記の焼成による重量減は、無機バインダーの前駆体である無機質ゾル分散剤として含有されている酢酸等の酸成分の焼成による消失に起因する。因に、無機質ゾル分散剤は、無機質ゾル中の無機バインダーに対して一定量比で含有されている。
無機繊維集合体を50mm×100mmの個片の面積に加工し、無機繊維成型体の目標厚みまで圧縮した後、厚み方向に5等分し、各層の重量を測定、密度を算出した。
無機繊維成型体を50mm×100mmの個片の面積に加工し、2mmφのノズル先端から0.4MPa~0.6MPaの風を20mmの距離で10分間接触させ、表面孔の有無、深さを観察した。
走査電子顕微鏡画像において最表面における400μm×400μmの面積における無機質粒子の短軸径および粒子数を計測した。
1000℃で前焼成した無機繊維成形体を1500℃の加熱炉で加熱した後取り出し、アルミニウム板上にて急冷させたときの外観変化を目視で観察した。
無機繊維成型体の表面に厚さ1mm、5mm角の鉄ペレットを乗せ、1500℃の加熱炉にて3時間加熱後、取出して外観変化を観察した。酸化鉄の侵食度合いを「広がり」×「深さ」によって判定し、全く侵食されない状態を5、厚さ方向に貫通した状態を1として5段階評価とした。
アルミニウムの濃度が170g/L、Al/Cl(原子比)が1.8の塩基性塩化アルミニウム水溶液を調製した。アルミニウム含有量は、EDTAを用いたキレート滴定法より定量した。次いで、上記の水溶液にシリカゾルとポリビニルアルコールを加えた後に濃縮し、アルミニウムと硅素の比(Al2O3とSiO2の重量比)が72:28、酸化物質量に換算したアルミナとシリカの合計の質量濃度が約30質量%、粘度が40ポイズ(25℃における回転粘度計による測定値)の紡糸液を得た。この紡糸液をブローイング法で紡糸した後に集綿してアルミナ/シリカ系繊維前駆体のマット状繊維集合体を得た。このマット状繊維集合体にニードリングを施した後、1200℃で焼成し、600mm×600mmで所定厚さの多結晶質アルミナ/シリカ系繊維集合体(以下「原反」と称す場合がある)を得た。なお、上記のニードリングはニードルパンチング機械によりニードル密度3打/cm2以上行った。
(1)ニードル進入面の反対面(ニードル進入面に対して低密度領域と成っている面)同士が重なるように重ね合わせる。この重ね合わせた状態の繊維集合体は、表1に示す、厚み、面密度、嵩密度を有していた。
上記の(1)の操作および(2)の操作(繊維集合体の綿密度の測定操作(a)~(c)は省く)を行う。
実施例1において、原反を重ね合わせず、表1に示す、厚み、面密度、嵩密度の単層で用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして表3に示すボード状無機繊維成形体を得た。圧縮高さを5等分した第1層~第5層について測定した各層の面密度、層間の密度差、繊維密度比(低繊維密度領域/高繊維密度領域)は、表2に示す通りであった。実施例3及び実施例4では、第1、第2及び第3層が低繊維密度領域であり、第4及び第5層が高密度繊維領域となる。そして実施例5及び実施例6では、第1層が低繊維密度領域であり、第2層~第5層が高密度繊維領域となる。得られたボード状無機繊維成形体の評価結果を表3に示す。
無機繊維として、溶融紡糸法によって得られたアルミナ/シリカ組成比が50/50(質量比)のアルミナ/シリカ系繊維を、乾式解繊機にて繊維長約200μmに調整したものを用い、この解繊したアルミナ/シリカ系繊維200g、アルミナ粉30g、ムライト粉50g、でんぷん質20g、シリカゾル10g、及び凝集剤2gを、水10リットルにパルパーにて混合した後、脱水成形して、表3に示すボード状無機繊維成形体を得た。得られたボード状無機繊維成形体の評価結果を表3に示す。
比較例1において、無機繊維として実施例1と同様にして得られたアルミナ/シリカ組成比が72/28(質量比)のムライト組成のアルミナ/シリカ系繊維を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様にして、表3に示すボード状無機繊維成形体を得た。得られたボード状無機繊維成形体の評価結果を表3に示す。
無機繊維として実施例1と同様にして得られたアルミナ/シリカ組成比が72/28(質量比)のムライト組成のアルミナ/シリカ系繊維前駆体のマット状繊維集合体に実施例1と同様にしてニードルパンチを行い、表1に示す繊維集合体を得た。この無機繊維集合体には無機質ゾルを含浸させずに、これ自体を無機繊維成形体として評価した。圧縮高さを5等分した第1層~第5層について測定した各層の面密度、層間の密度差、繊維密度比(低繊維密度領域/高繊維密度領域)は、表2に示す通りであった。第1層が低繊維密度領域であり、他の領域である第2層~第5層が高密度繊維領域となっていた。ボード状無機繊維成形体の評価結果を表3に示す。
実施例1において、2枚の原反を重ね合わせる際、ニードル進入面(高密度領域と成っている面)同士が重なるように重ね合わせたこと以外は、表3に示すボード状無機繊維成形体を得た。圧縮高さを5等分した第1層~第5層について測定した各層の面密度、層間の密度差、繊維密度比(低繊維密度領域/高繊維密度領域)は、表2に示す通りであった。十分に異なる高密度繊維領域及び低繊維密度領域は形成されていなかった。
実施例1において、原反底面から吸引と乾燥空気による乾燥を行わず、その代わりに電気炉にゆる静置乾燥(110~120℃)を行ったこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして表3に示すボード状無機繊維成形体を得た。圧縮高さを5等分した第1層~第5層について測定した各層の面密度、層間の密度差、繊維密度比(低繊維密度領域/高繊維密度領域)は、表2に示す通りであった。第2、第3、及び第4層が低繊維密度領域となり、第1層及び第5層が高密度繊維領域となる。得られたボード状無機繊維成形体の評価結果を表3に示す。
Claims (8)
- 無機繊維と無機バインダー粒子とを含有し、少なくとも一組の高繊維密度領域と低繊維密度領域とを有する無機繊維成形体であって、以下に規定する方法で求められる高繊維密度領域と低繊維密度領域とにおけるバインダー粒子含有量の比が、0.5:1~5:1であり、以下に規定する方法で求められる成形体最表面における無機バインダー粒子の数平均粒子径が20~35μmであり且つ当該無機バインダー粒子の個数が15個未満であることを特徴とする無機繊維成形体。
上記の高繊維密度領域と低繊維密度領域とにおけるバインダー粒子含有量は、無機繊維成形体を厚み方向に5等分して第1層~第5層の試料を得、各試料を1000℃で3時間焼成し、焼成前後の重量(焼成による重量減)を測定し、無機バインダー粒子含有量を算出する。
上記の無機バインダー粒子の数平均粒子径および粒子数は、走査電子顕微鏡画像において最表面における400μm×400μmの面積における無機質粒子の短軸径および粒子数を計測する。 - 高繊維密度領域に対する低繊維密度領域の面密度の絶対値の差が0.005g/cm2以上である請求項1に記載の無機繊維成型体。
- 厚み方向の両端部が高繊維密度領域であり、当該高繊維密度領域の間に低繊維密度領域を有する請求項1又は2に記載の無機繊維成形体。
- 無機繊維の結晶化率が50%以上である請求項1~3の何れかに記載の無機繊維成形体。
- 無機繊維集合体に無機バインダーを含浸させる工程と、当該無機バインダーを含有した無機繊維集合体底面から吸引脱水する乾燥工程を有することを特徴とする、請求項1~4の何れかに記載の無機繊維成形体の製造方法。
- 無機バインダーを含有した無機繊維集合体底面から吸引脱水し、同時に当該無機繊維成形体上面に60~200℃の乾燥気流を接触させる、請求項5に記載の製造方法。
- 無機バインダーとして、酢酸を含有し且つ粘度が5~150cpである無機バインダー組成物を含浸させる、請求項5又は6に記載の製造方法。
- 無機繊維前駆体の集合体にニードリング処理を施す工程と、ニードリング処理を施した無機繊維前駆体の集合体を焼成する工程と、焼成により得られた無機繊維集合体に無機バインダーを含浸させた後乾燥させる工程とを有し、ニードリング処理を施した無機繊維前駆体の集合体を1100~1400℃で0.5~4時間焼成する、請求項5~7の何れかに記載の製造方法。
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| CN117926501A (zh) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-04-26 | 江阴市新拓无纺布科技有限公司 | 一种高剥离强度针刺无纺布的生产方法 |
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| EP2754747A4 (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2015-04-22 | Mitsubishi Plastics Inc | SHAPED OBJECT FROM INORGANIC FIBERS |
| EP3372897A3 (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2018-11-07 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Burner tile, burner, and furnace |
| WO2015122281A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-08-20 | 三菱樹脂株式会社 | バーナタイル、バーナ及び炉 |
| KR20160122719A (ko) | 2014-02-12 | 2016-10-24 | 미쓰비시 쥬시 가부시끼가이샤 | 버너 타일, 버너 및 로 |
| US10527283B2 (en) | 2014-02-12 | 2020-01-07 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Burner tile, burner, and furnace |
| EP3372897A2 (en) | 2014-02-12 | 2018-09-12 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Burner tile, burner, and furnace |
| JP2016211604A (ja) * | 2015-04-30 | 2016-12-15 | イビデン株式会社 | 液化ガスタンク断熱材用キャッピング材 |
| JP2017020758A (ja) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-26 | 株式会社正英製作所 | 容器内加熱用バーナ |
| JPWO2021153800A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-31 | 2021-08-05 | ||
| WO2021153800A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-31 | 2021-08-05 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 繊維径測定装置、無機繊維シートの製造装置、繊維径測定方法および無機繊維シートの製造方法 |
| CN115003876A (zh) * | 2020-01-31 | 2022-09-02 | 马福特克有限公司 | 纤维直径测定装置、无机纤维片材的制造装置、纤维直径测定方法及无机纤维片材的制造方法 |
| JP7687688B2 (ja) | 2020-01-31 | 2025-06-03 | マフテック株式会社 | 繊維径測定装置、無機繊維シートの製造装置、繊維径測定方法および無機繊維シートの製造方法 |
| CN111718201A (zh) * | 2020-07-05 | 2020-09-29 | 郑州瑞泰耐火科技有限公司 | 一种高纤维含量预制件及其制备方法 |
| WO2024203847A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-31 | 2024-10-03 | イビデン株式会社 | 燃焼室用断熱材、給湯器及びボイラー |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20140072038A (ko) | 2014-06-12 |
| EP2754647B1 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
| CN103781954A (zh) | 2014-05-07 |
| CN103781954B (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
| US20140186599A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
| US9751281B2 (en) | 2017-09-05 |
| JP5527487B2 (ja) | 2014-06-18 |
| KR101865069B1 (ko) | 2018-06-07 |
| EP2754647A4 (en) | 2015-07-01 |
| JPWO2013035645A1 (ja) | 2015-03-23 |
| EP2754647A1 (en) | 2014-07-16 |
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