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WO2013035038A2 - Aménagement de forage et aménagement de serrage associé - Google Patents

Aménagement de forage et aménagement de serrage associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013035038A2
WO2013035038A2 PCT/IB2012/054564 IB2012054564W WO2013035038A2 WO 2013035038 A2 WO2013035038 A2 WO 2013035038A2 IB 2012054564 W IB2012054564 W IB 2012054564W WO 2013035038 A2 WO2013035038 A2 WO 2013035038A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clamping mechanism
drill
drilling
arrangement
rig
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2012/054564
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013035038A3 (fr
Inventor
Patrick John Cooper
Paul Henry BEREND
Dougal John Fergus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ocean Technologies Ltd
Original Assignee
Ocean Technologies Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ocean Technologies Ltd filed Critical Ocean Technologies Ltd
Priority to AU2013201502A priority Critical patent/AU2013201502A1/en
Publication of WO2013035038A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013035038A2/fr
Publication of WO2013035038A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013035038A3/fr
Priority to ZA2014/01624A priority patent/ZA201401624B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/12—Underwater drilling
    • E21B7/128—Underwater drilling from floating support with independent underwater anchored guide base
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors
    • E21B25/18—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors the core receiver being specially adapted for operation under water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
    • E21B7/185—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets underwater

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drill rig, drilling arrangement and clamp therefor, and related methods.
  • sea bed (hereinafter referred to as “the sea bed”), is known throughout the world for the purposes of minerals exploration and minerals resource definition.
  • Vibracore drilling rigs includes a vibrating tube that is inserted into the seabed for purposes of taking samples. However, this process takes time to vibrate the tube down into the seabed. Effective penetration of the seabed is not always possible as this system provides poor penetration in compacted sands, gravels, clay or sea shells.
  • the entire tube When the tube has been vibrated to a suitable depth, the entire tube is pulled out and raised to the surface, where it is cut up into 1 metre segments as samples. Accordingly the tubes are not reusable, and while being made of relatively cheap material, will limit the number of samples drilled to the number of tubes carried on the support vessel. Furthermore the vibration of the tube creates eddies within the tube, which may entrain particles within the tube and cause cross contamination of particles from various depths, which effectively means that the accuracy of the samples obtained may not be good.
  • Reverse Circulation (RC) drilling is known on land and involves the use of a drilling shaft and drilling head.
  • the drilling head has cutting bits on it that cuts at a drilling zone, and a drilling shaft.
  • the drilling head and shaft rotate to cut into the soil.
  • the drilling shaft comprises a pair of coaxial cylindrical tubes, namely inner tube and an outer tube. Compressed air is fed down between the outer tube and the inner tube, and through holes in the inner tube and up the inner tube. The flow of compressed air up the inner tube (through underground groundwater) conveys drilled soil from the drilling zone.
  • the RC drilling process may be inherently unsuited to undersea sample drilling, since the spinning drilling head and drilling shaft may cause too much turbulence within the sample stream removed from the drilling zone, resulting in cross contamination of samples from various hole depths.
  • movable clamping mechanism In order to facilitate drilling on known land based drilling rigs, movable clamping mechanism are known. Their main function is to hold the drill pipe in a stable fashion while it is drilling, to assist in the prevention of buckling of the drill pipe.
  • the drill pipe itself has a cutting bit at a cutting end, and is required to be rotated in order to cut the bit into the ground.
  • clamping mechanisms are typically securely mounted on a track arrangement, to reciprocate along the track arrangement to drive a drill shaft into a surface.
  • clamping mechanisms can typically be hydraulically powered. Such clamping mechanisms provide for the rotation of a drill shaft, or include an associated rotating mechanism that cause the drill shaft to rotate to bore into the ground. Alternately, reciprocating rotating mechanisms are provided to rotate a drill pipe, which pipe is held stably by a clamping mechanism that does not move in a reciprocating manner on a track, but allows for the movement of the drill pipe longitudinally and rotatably through the clamping mechanism while holding it steady.
  • the clamping mechanism and rotating mechanism have been provided on board a vessel, with only the drill pipe extending underwater.
  • the power for the clamping mechanism can be provided directly from a hydraulic power pack on the vessel.
  • Such drilling arrangements are complex and may be expensive, as the movement of the vessel vertically and/ or horizontally (e.g. due to swells) must be accounted for, to avoid damage to the drill pipe.
  • a stationary clamping mechanism has been provided, with a reciprocating drilling mechanism providing the rotational movement of the drill pipe, with the clamping mechanism allowing for the movement of the drill pipe longitudinally and rotatably through the clamping mechanism while holding it steady.
  • power to move the reciprocating mechanism may be provided from the surface. This may be costly in deep water.
  • sea bed or “subsea surface” shall be construed to mean any solid underwater surface, regardless of whether the surface is under a lake, river, sea or ocean surface, or otherwise.
  • the present invention may broadly be said to be a drill rig suitable for installation on a seabed for purposes of removing matter from the seabed, the drill rig comprising; • a frame arrangement;
  • first clamping mechanism is configured and adapted to operationally clamp a drill pipe in a non-rotatable manner, and to move operationally with the drill pipe in a longitudinal direction.
  • the drill rig comprise a drill pipe.
  • the drill pipe is presented by an outer surface of a drilling arrangement.
  • the drill pipe comprises a drilling head disposed at or towards an end of the drill pipe.
  • the drill rig comprises a second clamping mechanism for clamping the drill pipe operationally.
  • the second clamping mechanism is for clamping the drill pipe operationally to secure movement of the drill pipe relative to the frame arrangement.
  • the second clamping mechanism is similar to the first clamping mechanism.
  • the second clamping mechanism is secured and/or securable to the frame arrangement.
  • the second clamping mechanism is secured and/or securable to the frame arrangement at or towards an operationally lower end of the frame arrangement.
  • the drill rig comprises a power source.
  • the drill rig comprises a power source for powering the moving arrangement.
  • the power source is completely stored on the frame arrangement.
  • the power source is at least one hydraulic accumulator arrangement.
  • the accumulator arrangement can also be recharged from the surface.
  • the hydraulic accumulator arrangement comprises a plurality of high pressure containers comprising resilient bags filled with gas.
  • one or more selected from the first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism is a hydraulically powered clamping mechanism.
  • the track arrangement comprises cable and at least a plurality of pulleys.
  • the track arrangement comprises at least one guide pulley system.
  • the guide pulley system comprises a plurality of pulley wheels and at least one or more cables.
  • the moving arrangement comprises a hydraulic moving mechanism.
  • the moving arrangement comprises a motive pulley system.
  • the motive pulley system comprises a plurality of pulley wheels and at least one or more cables.
  • the hydraulic moving mechanism is one or more selected from a hydraulic winch and a hydraulic ram.
  • the hydraulic winch is reversible.
  • the motive pulley system is configured and adapted to amplify linear movement of a hydraulic ram by a factor of between 2-8 times the distance moved by the hydraulic ram.
  • the motive pulley system is configured and adapted to amplify linear movement of a hydraulic ram by a factor of around five times the distance moved by the hydraulic ram.
  • the hydraulic moving mechanism is powered by the hydraulic accumulator arrangement.
  • the pulley system is configured and adapted to translate movement of the hydraulic moving mechanism into movement of the first clamping mechanism.
  • the pulley system is configured and adapted to translate movement of the hydraulic moving mechanism into linear movement of the first clamping mechanism.
  • one or more selected from the first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism comprises at least one or more jaw members that are movable between an open position in which a drill pipe is moveable through said one or more selected from the first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism in a longitudinal direction, and a closed position in which the movement of the drill pipe in a longitudinal direction is more restricted.
  • one or more selected from the first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism is configured and adapted to allow transverse movement of the drill pipe while restricting movement in the longitudinal direction of the drill pipe.
  • one or more selected from the first clamping mechanism and the second clamping mechanism is a clamping mechanism as described below.
  • the moving arrangement is configured for insertion of the drill pipe into and/or retraction of the drill pipe from the sea bed.
  • the drill pipe is flexible.
  • the drill rig comprises a plurality of drill pipes.
  • the moving arrangement comprises a reel mechanism for storage of flexible drill pipes.
  • the reel mechanism is controllable to feed out or reel in said flexible pipes.
  • the drill pipes are steerable.
  • the drill pipes comprise a drilling head that is controllable for direction.
  • the drill rig comprises a control system for controlling at least the operation of the moving arrangement.
  • control system is controllable remotely.
  • the drilling rig further comprises a weighting arrangement for weighting the drilling shaft for drilling.
  • the drilling rig further comprises a shaft buoyancy arrangement for assisting in withdrawing the drilling shaft and drilling head from the drilled hole.
  • the shaft buoyancy arrangement comprises a pneumatic extraction bag.
  • the drilling rig further comprises a rig buoyancy arrangement for floating the drilling rig to the surface when drilling has been completed.
  • the rig buoyancy arrangement comprises a pneumatic extraction bag.
  • the drilling rig further comprises at least one camera arrangement whereby at least one or more selected from the shaft buoyancy arrangement, rig buoyancy arrangement, and moving arrangement can be controlled remotely while viewing their operation.
  • the drilling rig comprises a liquid feed conduit from a high pressure liquid source to the drilling rig.
  • the high pressure liquid is water.
  • the high pressure liquid is sea water.
  • the high pressure liquid source is a pump.
  • the drilling rig comprises a compressed gas conduit from a high pressure gas source to the drilling rig.
  • the high pressure gas is compressed air.
  • the high pressure gas source is a compressor or pneumatic power pack unit.
  • the drilling rig comprises a conveying conduit from the drilling rig to a concentrating arrangement.
  • the drilling arrangement comprises;
  • liquid conduit to contain and deliver a flow of liquid to a drilling zone, said liquid conduit being restricted at one end to accelerate the flow of liquid at the drilling zone prior to impinging on a surface of particles to fluidise or loosen the particles at or from the surface;
  • the accelerated flow of liquid facilitates the fluidisation of loose or loosened particles to facilitate transportation of said loosened particles from the drilling zone.
  • the drilling arrangement further comprises a gas conduit for conveying and/or introducing gas to the drilling zone, said gas conduit being configured and adapted to release gas into the conveying conduit.
  • the liquid conduit is an annular or tubular conduit.
  • the conveying conduit is located within the gas conduit.
  • the gas conduit is located within the liquid conduit.
  • the conveying conduit is a tubular conduit.
  • the gas conduit is an annular or tubular conduit.
  • one or more selected from the liquid conduit, conveying conduit and gas conduit are defined by cylindrical members.
  • the conveying conduit is located radially inwardly of the gas conduit.
  • the gas conduit is located radially inwardly of the liquid conduit.
  • the gas conduit, liquid conduit and conveying conduit are coaxial along their longitudinal length.
  • the drilling arrangement includes an outermost cylindrical tube, an intermediate cylindrical tube disposed within and coaxial with the outermost cylindrical tube, and an innermost cylindrical tube disposed within and coaxial with the intermediate cylindrical tube.
  • the liquid conduit is defined at least partly between the outermost cylindrical tube and the intermediate cylindrical tube.
  • the gas conduit is defined at least partly between the intermediate cylindrical tube and the innermost cylindrical tube.
  • the conveying conduit is defined within the innermost cylindrical tube
  • the liquid is accelerated at said drilling zone by at least one or more spray nozzles disposed at an end of the liquid conduit.
  • the spray nozzle(s) are disposed at an end of the cylindrical liquid conduit.
  • the spray nozzles are disposed at an end of the outermost cylindrical tube.
  • the gas conduit is in fluid communication with the conveying conduit by way of restrictor holes in the conveying conduit.
  • the gas conduit can deliver gas to said conveying conduit via apertures between the gas conduit and the conveying conduit.
  • the liquid conduit is in fluid communication with an array of spray nozzles at a drilling zone for impinging jets of liquid on a of surface of particles to remove the particles from the surface
  • the gas conduit releases compressed gas into the conveying conduit, which gas then migrates upwardly, thereby causing the removed particles to be conveyed upwardly in said conveying conduit.
  • the drilling arrangement further comprises a concentrating arrangement adapted for removal of the removed particles in the conveying conduit from water in the conveying conduit.
  • the concentrating arrangement comprises a cyclone.
  • the drilling arrangement comprises a suction mechanism for suctioning the freed particles via the conveying conduit from the drilling zone.
  • the present invention may broadly be said to be a clamping mechanism for clamping a drill pipe of an undersea drill rig, said clamping mechanism comprising • a plurality of jaw members moveable between an open position in which a drill pipe is moveable through the clamping mechanism in a longitudinal direction, and a closed position in which the movement of the drill pipe in a longitudinal direction is more restricted;
  • a plurality of jaw members are freely movable in a transverse direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the drill pipe.
  • all of the jaw members are freely movable in a transverse direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the drill pipe.
  • the actuator is freely movable in a transverse direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the drill pipe.
  • the clamping mechanism comprises a guide arrangement for guiding the movement of the jaw members relative to each other to ensure that the jaw members follow a consistent path when moving between their open position and closed position.
  • the guide arrangement is freely movable in a transverse direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the drill pipe.
  • one or more selected from said one or more jaw members, the actuator, and the guide arrangement is contained within a clamping frame in manner that allows these to be freely movable in a transverse direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the drill pipe.
  • the clamping mechanism includes securing formations for securing the clamping mechanism to a track arrangement.
  • the track arrangement is a pulley system.
  • the securing formations extend from the clamping frame.
  • the guide arrangement is a guide frame.
  • the actuator and at least one of the jaw members is mounted to the guide frame.
  • the guide frame is freely movable in a transverse direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the drill pipe.
  • the actuator is a linear actuator
  • the linear actuator is hydraulically operated.
  • the linear actuator is a hydraulic ram.
  • the present invention may be said to broadly be a method of drilling, suitable for drilling a drill pipe into a sea bed, said method comprising the steps of
  • a first clamping mechanism movable in a reciprocating fashion on the track arrangement in a direction parallel to the direction of movement of the drill pipe into said seabed
  • the first clamping mechanism comprises a plurality of jaw members moveable between
  • the drill rig is an undersea drill rig.
  • the first clamping mechanism is moveable between an upper position and a lower position on said track arrangement.
  • the method comprises the step of:
  • the method comprises the step of:
  • the step of moving the drill pipe into a seabed is carried out by moving the first clamping mechanism and drill pipe downwardly from its upper position to its lower position.
  • the method comprises the step of:
  • the method comprises the step of:
  • the method comprises the step of:
  • the method comprises the step of:
  • the method comprises the step of:
  • the method comprises the step of:
  • the method comprises the step of:
  • the method comprises the step of:
  • the method comprises the step of:
  • the method comprises the step of:
  • the moving arrangement comprises a pulley system for moving the first clamping mechanism.
  • the moving arrangement comprises a linear actuator for actuating movement of the pulley system.
  • the linear actuator is a hydraulic ram.
  • the hydraulic ram is powered by a hydraulic accumulator system.
  • the drill rig comprises a second clamping mechanism
  • the method comprises the step of clamping the drill pipe to prevent movement of the drill pipe while the first clamping mechanism is being moved between its upper position and its lower position.
  • the present invention may broadly be said to be a method of taking a sample of particles from a seabed comprising the steps of
  • first clamping mechanism allows for floating transverse movement of the drill pipe while being clamped by the first clamping mechanism, while restraining longitudinal movement of the drill pipe relative to the first clamping mechanism.
  • Figure 1 shows an end view of a drilling head
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a drilling arrangement
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic view of a drill rig
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic view of a drill rig using a hydraulic ram and hydraulic accumulator
  • Figure 5 shows a perspective cutaway end view of a drilling
  • Figure 6 shows a perspective cutaway side view of a drilling
  • Figure 7 shows a top perspective view of a clamping mechanism
  • Figure 8 shows schematic view of a drilling rig.
  • drilling arrangement according to a first aspect of the invention is generally indicated by the numerals 100
  • a drilling rig according to a further aspect of the invention is generally indicated by the numerals 1000.
  • a drilling arrangement 100 for use in a drilling rig 1000, for use especially in drilling into the seafloor at relatively shallow depths of up to 200m.
  • the drilling rig 1000 and drilling arrangement 100 are intended for use in drilling into the sea bed 3000 up to around 5-10 meters deep (although it is envisaged that it may be able to drill to deeper depths than that).
  • the main functionality of such a drilling rig 1000 and drilling arrangement 100 is expected to be in the use of taking samples of the sea bed at small hole depths, as part of a geological mineral resources definition sampling project, although use of the drilling rig 1000 to create a suitable bore in a seabed for other reasons is also envisaged, as well as possible use of the drilling rig 1000 on land based drilling projects.
  • the drilling arrangement 100 comprises a hollow outermost cylindrical tube 110, a hollow intermediate cylindrical tube 120 disposed within and coaxial with the outermost cylindrical tube 110, and a hollow innermost cylindrical tube 130 disposed within and coaxial with the intermediate cylindrical tube.
  • the space within the cylindrical tube 130 defines a conveying conduit 160.
  • the liquid conduit 140 extends to a lower end of the outermost cylindrical tube 110 where the space between the outermost cylindrical tube 110 and the intermediate cylindrical tube 120 is closed off by an end wall 142.
  • An array of nozzles 144 are located in apertures in the end wall 142.
  • Pressurised sea water is fed from a pump 4100 on a surface vessel 4000 at between 125-3000psi (or about 862KPa-20.6Mpa) into the high pressure liquid conduit 140.
  • the nozzles 144 accelerate the high pressure liquid, within the high pressure liquid conduit 140 to form jets 146 of liquid at a drilling zone 170 for impinging said jets 146 of liquid on a surface of particles (such as the sea bed) to free the particles (not shown) from the surface.
  • the jets of water impinging on the sediment will not only cut the surface, but will fluidise the loosened particles for convenient transportation away from the drilling zone 170 as explained below. It is envisaged that in another embodiment the nozzles 144 could be mounted on a rotating platform (not shown).
  • nozzles could be any form of restriction of the cross sectional area of the liquid conduit 140.
  • High pressure gas preferably in the form of compressed air at about 125psi (or approximately 860KPa) , is fed into the gas conduit 150 from a pneumatic power pack 4200 or compressor on the surface vessel 4000 for conveying compressed gas towards the drilling zone 170, from a compressed air line from a supporting surface vessel 4000 at the surface. It is envisaged that such pressurised gas could also be fed from pressurised tanks (not shown) mounted on the associated drilling rig 1000, or located proximate the drilling rig 1000. It is also envisaged that the pressurised gas could be any other suitable gas.
  • the end of the gas conduit 150 is sealed between the intermediate cylindrical tube 120 and the innermost cylindrical tube 130 by an end wall 152.
  • the pressurised gas is forced through small apertures in the form of restrictor holes 154 in the innermost cylindrical tube 130 towards it lower end, to escape into the inside of the innermost cylindrical tube 130.
  • the innermost cylindrical tube 130 is open at its lower end.
  • the pressure on the compressed gas is released within the innermost cylindrical tube 130 it starts expanding and forming bubbles within the innermost cylindrical tube 130.
  • the expanding gas starts to rise, and as it does so, it will expand further.
  • the rise of the expanding gas creates a vacuum effect, drawing particles that have been freed by the jets 146 of water from the nozzles 144 into the conveying conduit 160 in a sample stream shown as Arrow A in Figure 2. Further, freed particles that have already been drawn into the conveying conduit 160 will be held (or entrained) by the water surface tension of the rising bubbles, and made buoyant by the buoyancy of the bubbles, thereby causing a flotation effect.
  • the vacuum effect of the bubbles can be controlled by restricting or opening the restrictor holes 154.
  • conveying conduit 160 could be of any shape or cross section, as could the liquid conduit 140 and the gas conduit 150, as long as the high pressure liquid is delivered to the nozzles 144 for impinging onto the surface to be drilled.
  • a cylindrical tubular shape allows for the most buckle resistance.
  • the liquid conduit 140 may be an annular ring (not shown) supplied by a high pressure hose (not shown).
  • the gas conduit 150 could be a high pressure hose that extends to a single outlet at the lower mouth of the conveying conduit. If the rising air bubbles are used to provide the flotation and/or suction effect on the freed particles, then the conveying conduit 160 must be of a suitable cross sectional shape and dimension so as to allow the flotation and suction effect of the rising air bubbles to occur to remove the freed particles from the drilling zone 170. However, if another vacuum or suction type mechanism is used then the conveying conduit 160 could be of any other suitable shape or cross section, bearing in mind that it will be required to extend down the drilled hole to a depth of some 5-10 metres.
  • the drilling shaft 1100 has a diameter of between 10 millimetres and lmeter. Even more preferably, the drilling shaft 1100 has a diameter of between 10 millimetres and 200 millimetres. Even more preferably, the drilling shaft 1100 has a diameter of between 10 millimetres and 100 millimetres.
  • the drilling arrangement 100 can further comprise a concentrating arrangement 180 adapted for removal of the freed particles from the sample stream A.
  • the concentrating arrangement is a cyclone-type concentrator 182.
  • a cyclone 182 is preferred as it allows for the chronological sequencing of the particles, for storage in samples corresponding to the drilling of 1 metre depth increments.
  • the drilling head 1200 When the drilling arrangement 100 described above is utilised, the drilling head 1200 is moved downwards very slowly. This factor means that there are relatively few particles that are being conveyed relative to the amount of water being conveyed in the conveying conduit 160. Further, the particles are conveyed relatively quickly along the conveying conduit 160 to the cyclone 182, where they are concentrated out as they arrive. This means that there is less probability of individual particles not being conveyed, and becoming out of sequence with the chronological sequence that they were drilled from the sea bed 3000. This allows the samples to be relatively accurate.
  • a drilling rig 1000 for freeing particles such as compacted sediment from a surface such as a sea, river or lake floor, and conveying them to a concentrating arrangement 180.
  • the drilling rig 1000 comprises an elongate drilling shaft 1100 suitable for drilling into the sea bed 3000; a drilling head 1200 disposed towards an end of the drilling shaft 1100; and a frame arrangement such as a rig frame 1300 for supporting the drilling shaft in a position suitable for drilling into the sea bed 3000.
  • the drilling rig 1000 further comprises a moving arrangement 1400 for moving the drilling shaft 1100 upwards and downwards to insert the drilling shaft 1100 into the seabed, and can also serve to retract it from drilled hole once the drilling shaft 1100 has been drilled into the sea bed 3000.
  • the moving arrangement 1400 comprises a track arrangement 1410 (in the form of a guide pulley system 1432), a first clamping mechanism 1500a and a hydraulic moving mechanism 1550.
  • the hydraulic moving mechanism 1550 comprises a motive pulley system 1560, a hydraulic ram 1552 and associated accumulator system 1553.
  • the track arrangement 1410 includes a guide pulley system 1432.
  • the guide pulley system 1432 guides movement of the first clamping mechanism 1500a along a predetermined path as will be described in more detail below.
  • the motive pulley system 1560 comprises pulley wheels 1562 and cables 1564.
  • the motive pulley system 1434 translates and amplifies reciprocal movement (shown as arrow B in figure 8) of the hydraulic ram 1552 into reciprocal movement of the first clamping mechanism 1500a (shown as arrows C in figure 8), and hence reciprocal movement of the drill pipe 1100 (shown as arrow D in figure 8) as will be described in more detail below.
  • the first clamping mechanism 1500a is configured and adapted to operationally clamp a drill pipe or drilling shaft 1100 in a non-rotatable manner, and to move operationally with the drill pipe 1100 in a longitudinal direction.
  • the drill pipe or drilling shaft 110 could be presented as an outermost surface of the drilling arrangement described above, or as a known drill pipe 1100 (for example as used in a VibracoreTM rig).
  • the drill pipe cold comprise one of a variety of drilling heads disposed at or towards an end of the drill pipe.
  • the accumulator system 1553 acts as a power source for the drilling rig 1000 (also referred to as drill rig in this specification) and is mounted on the rig frame 1300.
  • a hydraulic accumulator system 1553 is ideal for use underwater, as pressures that may be found at depths of 30 to 60 meters will not have much effect on their operation.
  • the accumulator system 1553 utilises high pressure containers (not shown), each filled with a high strength resilient flexible bag (not shown) filled with preferably non-reactive gas. Liquid is pumped into the high pressure containers, thereby pressurising the gas-filled bags, causing it to compress. When a container outlet is opened, the gas expands, forcing the liquid out at high pressure.
  • the filling of the high pressure containers is typically done on a support surface vessel 4000.
  • the liquid used is hydraulic fluid, and the liquid is expelled into a hydraulically operated machine, such as a hydraulic ram 1552 or hydraulic motor (such as used in a hydraulic winch).
  • a hydraulically operated machine such as a hydraulic ram 1552 or hydraulic motor (such as used in a hydraulic winch).
  • a low pressure container which also contains high strength flexible bag filled with preferably non-reactive gas (although it typically is filled with less gas to create less back pressure).
  • accumulators systems 1553 a problem with accumulators systems 1553 is that they deliver high pressures when used initially, but as the low pressure containers get filled with used hydraulic liquid, back pressure from these hydraulic containers increases, while the pressure in the high pressure containers decreases, reducing the power available from the hydraulically operated machine. For this reason, it is important to utilise the power of the hydraulically operated machine at an early stage while the fully filled high pressure containers are still relatively full.
  • drilling arrangement 100 is effective in that it can be moved into the sea floor (also referred to as seabed 3000) relatively easily if moved at a reasonable speed, and that retraction of the drilling arrangement 100 from the drilled hole does not require as much force as had been previously anticipated, as liquid from the drilling arrangement, and possible gas bubbles escaping from the gas conduit 150) tends to fluidise the particulate matter that the sea bed 3000 is made of around the drill pipe 1100, and reduce the friction of the particulate matter acting on the drill pipe 1100.
  • seabed 3000 also referred to as seabed 3000
  • a motive pulley system 1560 is used to move the drill pipe 1100.
  • the motive pulley system 1560 comprises a number of pulley wheels 1562 and a cable 1564 running between the pulley wheels 1562.
  • the cable 1564 is coupled to the hydraulic ram 1552 via the pulley wheels 1562 so as to amplify the linear movement of the hydraulic ram 1552 to move the first clamping mechanism 1500a by a distance that is a factor of the distance moved by the hydraulic ram 1552.
  • the hydraulic ram 1552 is powered by the accumulator system 1553.
  • the linear distance moved by the hydraulic ram 1552 is amplified by a factor of between 2-8 times, and preferably about five times the distance moved by the hydraulic ram 1552 by the motive pulley system 1560 (as shown in figure 8). In this way, the force acting on the first clamping mechanism 1500a is reduced, but the distance over which it acts is increased.
  • the guiding pulley system 1432 comprises several pulley wheels 1433 mounted to the rig frame with cables 1437 running through them.
  • the guiding pulley system 1432 allow s the first clamping mechanism 1500a to move linearly in a reciprocating fashion in a direction parallel to the drill pipe 1100.
  • the guiding pulley system 1432 includes a yoke arrangement (not shown) on which the motive pulley system 1560 acts to move the first clamping mechanism 1500a via the guiding pulley system 1432.
  • the motive pulley system can act directly on the first clamping mechanism, with the guiding pulley system 1432 only providing guidance for the direction of movement of the first clamping mechanism 1500a.
  • the track arrangement 1410 could be of a wide variety of configurations.
  • the preferred embodiment described above has the benefit of having a relatively low weight. This is very important in the context of the manhandling of a drilling rig on the deck of a surface vessel 4000 on the high seas, and especially so when deploying or retrieving the drilling riglOOO.
  • a second clamping mechanism 1500b is provided for clamping the drill pipe operationally. It is envisaged that the second clamping mechanisms will include similar features to the first clamping mechanism 1500a (as described below), however, it will not be reciprocally movable, and will instead be secured or securable to the rig frame 1300.
  • the second clamping mechanism 1500b is for guiding movement of drill pipe to an extent, but is mainly for securing movement of the drill pipe relative to the rig frame during operational retraction of the drill pipe from the seabed or seafloor 3000 as described below.
  • the second clamping mechanism 1500b will be located at and secured to an operationally lower end of the rig frame 1300. The reasons for this will become apparent when operation of the drilling rig 1000 is described below. At this stage it is necessary to describe the function and structure of the first clamping mechanism 1500a and the second clamping mechanism 1500b ("the clamping mechanisms 1500") which are envisaged as having similar feature, which are referred to by similar numerals.
  • the function of the clamping mechanisms 1500 are for clamping a drill pipe of an undersea drill rig 1000.
  • the clamping mechanisms 1500 are shown in figure 7 and comprise a plurality of jaw members 1510 and an actuator configured for moving at least one of said plurality of jaw members.
  • the plurality of jaw members 1510 are moveable between an open position (shown in figure 7) in which a drill pipe 1100 is moveable through the clamping mechanisms 1500 in a direction parallel to its longitudinal axis (a "longitudinal direction"), and a closed position in which the movement of the drill pipe 1100 in a longitudinal direction is more restricted.
  • the jaw members 1510 are freely movable in a transverse direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the drill pipe 1100 as will be explained below.
  • the actuator 1520 is a hydraulic ram 1522 that is also powered by the accumulator system 1553. In a preferred embodiment a shown in the figures, the actuator 1520 is also freely movable in a transverse direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the drill pipe 1100.
  • the hydraulic ram will have an associated pilot operated check valve (not shown), so that once the hydraulic ram 1522 is used to move the jaws to their closed position, the pressure in the hydraulic valve can be maintained without having to constantly supply a source of high pressure hydraulic fluid from the accumulator system 1553.
  • the clamping mechanisms 1500 comprise a clamping frame 1530 that is coupled to the cables 1437 of the guiding pulley system to guide movement of the clamping frame 1530.
  • the clamping frame 1530 is also coupled to the cables 1564 of the motive pulley systeml560 to be pushed and/or pulled by them, as shown in figure 8.
  • the clamping frame 1530 at least partially encloses and/or contains the jaw members 1510 and actuator hydraulic ram 1522. It also at least partially encloses and/or contains a guide arrangement 1540.
  • the guide arrangement 1540 is for guiding the movement of the jaw members 1510 relative to each other to ensure that the jaw members 1510 follow a consistent and accurate path when moving between their open position and closed position. This will help prevent the jaw members 1510 from pinching or damaging the drill pipe 1100 when the jaw members 1510 close move from their open position to their closed position.
  • the guide arrangement 1540 comprises four cylindrical steel bars or tubes 1542 that extend between opposed flat platesl544.
  • the jaw members 1510 each comprise four suitably sized cylindrical apertures 1514 in them, through which the cylindrical steel bars 1542 are received. As the jaw members 1510 are moved by the hydraulic ram 1522, the steel bars 1542 guide their movement along an accurate and consistent path.
  • a guide arrangement could take the form of a wide variety of other configurations and dimensions.
  • the jaw members 1510 comprise gripping formations 1512 that are preferably semicircular in shape, and preferably have a diameter that is slightly undersize relative to the size of the pipe. It has been found that the diameter of the gripping formations 1512 is preferably 30 one thousands of millimetre undersize.
  • the guide arrangement 1540 is freely movable in a transverse direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the drill pipe, as it is free to move transversely within the boundaries defined by the clamping frame 1530.
  • clamping arrangement 1500 includes securing formations 1501 that extend from the clamping frame 1530, for securing the clamping arrangement 1500 to the track arrangement 1410 (in the form of the guiding pulley system's cables 1437) and/or the hydraulic moving mechanism 1550 (in the form of the motive pulley system's cables 1564) as shown in figure 7.
  • the drilling rig 1000 is used for drilling a drill pipe into a sea bed 3000 as will be described below.
  • the drilling rig 1000 will be provided on a surface vessel 4000 and moved overboard.
  • the drill pipe 1100 which is expected to be around 9 meters in length (while the frame rig frame 1300 height is around 6 m) will be inserted through the first clamping mechanism 1500a so that the lower end of the drill pipe 1100 roughly aligns with the lower part of the drill rig 1300.
  • the jaws members 1510 of the first clamping mechanism 1500a will be moved to their closed position, to clamp the drill pipe 1100.
  • the first clamping mechanism 1500a will be in its upper position on the track arrangement 1410.
  • the drilling rig 1000 will then be sunk to the required position on the seabed 3000. At this stage, drilling will commence.
  • the moving arrangement 1400 is powered by an accumulator system 1553.
  • the accumulator system 1553 uses pressure stored previously within a pressure vessel alongside a compressible nitrogen bladder to provide liquid pressurised to sufficient pressure to operate the moving arrangement
  • the moving arrangement 1400 is envisaged as being used to move the drilling shaft 1100 with its drilling head 1200 downwardly towards the surface of the seafloor 3000, by operation of the hydraulic ram 1552, so that preferably the high pressure jets 146 from the nozzles 144 are disposed close enough to the sea bed 3000 to there by impinge on the sea bed 3000 to start freeing particles from it, thereby move it into the sea bed 3000.
  • the moving arrangement 1400 can provide additional downward pressure on the drilling shaft against the sea bed, if required to achieve fine control of an optimum speed of penetration of the drill shaft 1100 into the seabed.
  • the drilling rig 1000 can comprise a weighting arrangement 1600 in the form of lead (or other suitably heavy material) weights 1610 acting downwardly on the top end of the drilling shaft 1100.
  • the weighting arrangement 1600 is positioned for weighting the drilling shaft 1100 to push it downwards into the hole to be drilled, in addition to the force provided by the moving arrangement 1400. In this way, as the loosened and fluidised articles are removed from beneath the drilling head 1200, the weight of the weights 1610 will cause it to move down naturally.
  • the hydraulic insertion arrangement 1500 can be used to provide additional downward force on the drilling shaft 1100 when the shaft is stuck an/or for fine control of the downward force and/or positioning of the drill head 1200 by a control system (not shown) which is discussed below.
  • the jaws members 1510 of the first clamping mechanism 1500a will be moved to their open position, to rle4ase their grip on the drill pipe 1100. Then the first clamping mechanism 1500a will be in moved to its upper position on the track arrangement 1410, where the jaw members 1510 of the first clamping mechanism 1500a will be moved to their closed position, to securely hold the drill pipe 1100 again.
  • the drilling process ten starts again, moving the drill pipe downwardly, until preferably the full length of the drill pipe 1100 has been inserted into the seabed 3000.
  • a relatively small sized rig frame 1300 (with all of its associated size, weight and handling benefits) can be used to drill underwater on the seabed to a depth that is much deeper than the height of the drill rig frame 1300, and without requiring expensive surge control devices, and without too many potentially dangerous umbilical cords extending from the surface vessel 4000 to the drilling rig 1000.
  • the drill rig 1000 could include a plurality of flexible drill pipes (not shown) that are stored or storable on a reel mechanism (not shown).
  • the drill pipes 1100 could include an associated drilling head (not shown) that is steerable by known means.
  • the plurality of pre-connected flexible drill pipes could be fed off the reel in series, and the drill head could be steered to drill downwardly (or in any direction), to thereby provide samples in a horizontal direction.
  • the reel mechanism would be controllable to feed out or reel in said flexible pipes, or at least assist the moving arrangement in doing so.
  • the process is reversed.
  • the use of the second clamping mechanism 1500b becomes important.
  • the first clamping mechanism 1500a is moved from its lower position to its upper position, while clamping the top end of a drill pipe 1100 or section of drill pipe. If the jaw members 1510 of the first clamping mechanism 1500a are then opened, the drill pipe 1100 could sink back into the drilled hole from which it was just pulled out of.
  • the jaws for the second clamping mechanism 1500b are moved to their closed position.
  • the jaw members of the first clamping mechanism 1500a can b moved to their open position, and the first clamping mechanism moved to its lower position .
  • the jaw members 1510 of the first clamping mechanism 1500a are moved to their closed position to clamp around the drill pipe 110, and the jaws 1510 of the second clamping mechanism 1500b are moved to their open position, in order to allow vertical movement of the drill pipe 1100 through the second clamping mechanism.
  • the second clamping mechanism 1500b could also be used to prevent movement of the drill pipe 1100 vertically downwards when the drill pipe 1100 is being drilled into the sea floor 3000 (for example if the sea floor is very loose, and it is anticipated that the drill pipe may sink into the sea floor of its own accord, or if subterranean holes or spaces are anticipated.
  • the second clamping mechanism may be used to prevent vertical movement of the drill pipe 1100 u pwardly (for example due to high pressu re deposits encountered under the sea floor) while the first clamping mechanism 1500a is being moved between its lower position and its upper position .
  • the moving arrangement 1400 will also be used for retracting the drilling shaft 1100 and drilling head 1200 from the drilled hole once drilling is completed .
  • Such retraction by the locally located moving arrangement 1400 results in the retraction of the drilling shaft 1100 and drilling head 1200 in a direction substantially opposite to the drilling direction, to prevent unnecessary sideways forces acting on the drilling shaft 1100, which may result in it being bent or damaged .
  • the drill pipe is allowed to move by the first clamping mechanism 1500a freely in a direction transversely to its longitudinal direction, lateral forces on the drill pipe 1100 are further reduced.
  • the retracting force is provided through the localised rig frame 1300, the retracting force provided by the hydraulic retraction arrangement 1400 will be less affected by environmental factors such as water currents, surface wind effects on the surface vessel 4000, and swell surge.
  • the drilling rig 1000 further comprises a control system (not shown). It is envisaged that the control system could be configured to be operated by divers locally, or by operators on a surface vessel 4000 by remote control.
  • the control system will actuate suitable pneumatic and /or hydraulic valves or actuators to control movement of the hydraulic rams 1552 of the hydraulic moving mechanism 1550 and the hydraulic rams 1522 of the first clamping mechanism 1500a to control positioning of the drilling shaft 1100.
  • control system may employ a plurality of cameras and connecting cables (not shown) configured and adapted for sending visual signals for display to an operator locally or remotely.
  • the cameras can be configured to provide close up views of the hole being drilled, or even down- hole views from cameras located towards the drill head 1200. This is especially possible where the drilling arrangement 100 according to the invention is used, since no rotation of the drilling head 1200 is envisaged. . In this way, potential obstacle to drilling may be assessed at an early stage and potential risk to the drilling head 1200 and drilling shaft 1100 at least partially prevented.
  • Cameras may in addition be configured to give larger wide angle views of the drilling rig 1000 so that divers need only be deployed in critical situations.
  • the drilling rig 1000 further comprises a shaft buoyancy arrangement 1700 for assisting in the withdrawal of the drilling head 1200 and drilling shaft 1100 from the drilled hole in addition to the force provided by the moving arrangement 1400. It is envisaged that the buoyancy created by the shaft buoyancy arrangement 1700 will not be sufficient to completely withdraw the drilling head 1200 and drilling shaft 1100 from the drilled hole, but will provide a significant part of the force required. The moving arrangement 1400can then be used to supply the remaining force required, and be able to withdraw it carefully with effective control of the movement of the drilling head 1200 and drilling shaft 1100.
  • the shaft buoyancy arrangement 1700 includes a buoyant pneumatic extraction bag 1710 that can be actuated to be filled with compressed air from a compressed air line 1800, or a local compressed gas storage unit, such as a gas bottle (not shown)
  • the drilling rig can include a rig buoyancy arrangement (not shown) for floating the drilling rig 1000 to the water surface once drilling has been completed, and the drilling shaft 1100 and drilling head 1200 have been retracted from the hole.
  • the rig buoyancy arrangement can include another buoyant pneumatic extraction bag (not shown) that can be filled with compressed air, to thereby float the drilling rig 1000 to the surface of the water.
  • the control system could also configured for remote actuation of the rig buoyancy arrangement, to allow for the automated flotation of the drilling rig 1000 to the water surface once the drilling procedure and retraction of the drilling head 1200 and drilling shaft 1100 has been completed by the hydraulic retraction arrangement 1400. It is envisaged that the rig buoyancy arrangement could be actuated to varying degrees of buoyancy to allow for slow, controlled liftoff from the sea bed 3000 where rock formations or other hindrances may impede the flotation of the drilling rig 1000.
  • the drilling rig 1000 can include a high pressure water feed line 1900 from the surface vessel 4000, for supplying pressurised seawater to the liquid conduit 140, although in another embodiment, a high pressure water source could be provided locally on the drill rig 1000 - possibly also through the use of a hydraulic accumulator system 1410.
  • a further feed line to the drill rig may include control system control lines (not shown).
  • a conveying conduit feed line 2000 is provided from the drill rig 100 to the surface vessel 4000. The conveying conduit feed line 2000 is envisaged as conveying the sample stream A from the conveying conduit 160 of the drilling arrangement 100 to the surface vessel 4000 for processing in the concentrating arrangement 180.
  • the drilling rig will be transported to a desired location on a surface vessel 4000 such as a ship. It will be suspended from a crane on the vessel, and will be dropped overboard . It will be suspended so that it hangs in the orientation that it is to be lowered onto the seafloor in .
  • control system will be actuated to control movement of the drilling head 1200 and drilling shaft 1100 to move downwardly (under action of the weighting arrangement 1600) until the sea bed is within range of the jets 146 from the nozzles 144.
  • the flow through the gas conduit 150 is actuated by the controls system, to thereby cause a flow upwards in the conveying conduit 160.
  • the high pressure liquid conduit 140 is actuated so that jets 146 of water start impinging on the sea bed from the nozzles 144.
  • the position of the drill head 1200 can be lowered by careful control of the hydraulic insertion arrangement 1500, until the hole has been drilled to a sufficient depth .
  • the sediment associate with each meter depth of the hole is collected and stored together as a sample. It is envisaged that the lowering of the drilling head could be temporarily suspended until that 1 meter sample is collected, and then lowered again . In this way, such samples will provide more accurate information for geological modelling of the sea bed than samples where sediment from various depths has been mixed and/or contaminated with sediment from other hole depths.
  • the hydraulic retraction arrangement 1400 is used to carefully retract the drilling shaft 1100 and drilling head 1200 from the hole without causing damage to it from it.
  • the rig buoyancy arrangement is actuated, and starts filling up with air.
  • the buoyancy in the pneumatic extraction bag 1710 causes the drilling rig 1000 to start floating . It is envisaged that the buoyancy provided by the pneumatic extraction bag 1710 may not be sufficient to float the drilling rig 1000 fully, but instead may be slightly less buoyant, so that control over the flotation of the drilling rig can be exerted by winches (not shown) on the surface vessel 4000. This will prevent the uncontrolled flotation of the drilling rig 1000 to the water surface where it could rise up under the surface vessel 4000. Alternately, once the drilling head 1200 and drilling shaft have been retracted from the hole, the drilling rig 1000 may be merely winched to surface by a winch (not shown) on the surface vessel.
  • the drilling rig 1000 will then be winched up onto the surface vessel 4000 for transport to the next location.
  • the present invention can provide a very rapid flow of water, sediment and air up to the surface, without mixing of the sediment found at different depths. This allows for more accurate recordal and storage of depth samples at 1 meter intervals.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un appareil de forage sous-marin approprié pour prélever des échantillons d'un fond océanique à particules. L'appareil de forage comprend une armature et un aménagement de forage qui utilise des jets d'eau pour fluidiser le fond océanique à particules, et une paire d'aménagements de serrage hydrauliques alimentés par un système à accumulateurs hydrauliques pour commander le déplacement de l'aménagement de forage dans le plancher océanique et hors de celui-ci.
PCT/IB2012/054564 2011-09-05 2012-09-05 Aménagement de forage et aménagement de serrage associé Ceased WO2013035038A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2013201502A AU2013201502A1 (en) 2011-09-05 2012-09-05 Drilling arrangement and clamping arrangement therefor
ZA2014/01624A ZA201401624B (en) 2011-09-05 2014-03-04 Drilling arrangement and clamping arrangement therefor

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ595013 2011-09-05
NZ59501311 2011-09-05
NZ59968012 2012-04-30
NZ599680 2012-04-30

Publications (2)

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WO2013035038A2 true WO2013035038A2 (fr) 2013-03-14
WO2013035038A3 WO2013035038A3 (fr) 2013-06-27

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PCT/IB2012/054564 Ceased WO2013035038A2 (fr) 2011-09-05 2012-09-05 Aménagement de forage et aménagement de serrage associé

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AU (1) AU2013201502A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013035038A2 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201401624B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018117842A1 (fr) 2016-12-23 2018-06-28 Carpdredging Ip B.V. Cadre rectangulaire

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1475851A (en) * 1976-02-05 1977-06-10 Taylor Woodrow Const Ltd Drilling and sampling/testing equipment
US4022430A (en) * 1976-08-19 1977-05-10 Donald Wayne Felder Sucker rod adjustment tool
CH682163A5 (en) * 1990-10-15 1993-07-30 Raymond Andina Borehole drilling rod supporting structure
GB2334270A (en) * 1998-02-14 1999-08-18 Weatherford Lamb Apparatus for attachment to pipe handling arm
US7950463B2 (en) * 2003-03-13 2011-05-31 Ocean Riser Systems As Method and arrangement for removing soils, particles or fluids from the seabed or from great sea depths
US7383885B2 (en) * 2004-09-22 2008-06-10 William von Eberstein Floatation module and method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018117842A1 (fr) 2016-12-23 2018-06-28 Carpdredging Ip B.V. Cadre rectangulaire

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AU2013201502A1 (en) 2013-04-11
ZA201401624B (en) 2016-01-27
WO2013035038A3 (fr) 2013-06-27

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