WO2013031861A1 - 多孔性足場材料及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
多孔性足場材料及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013031861A1 WO2013031861A1 PCT/JP2012/071902 JP2012071902W WO2013031861A1 WO 2013031861 A1 WO2013031861 A1 WO 2013031861A1 JP 2012071902 W JP2012071902 W JP 2012071902W WO 2013031861 A1 WO2013031861 A1 WO 2013031861A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
- A61L27/22—Polypeptides or derivatives thereof, e.g. degradation products
- A61L27/24—Collagen
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/56—Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2400/00—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a porous scaffold material composed of collagen fibers and a method for producing the same.
- Synthetic polymers include polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), and lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA), which is a complex of these, and natural polymers include collagen. And gelatin is a typical example. These are already used in clinical practice and have achieved certain results (Non-Patent Documents 1-4). However, for example, when polyglycolic acid is used in vivo, an inflammatory reaction is induced by a local decrease in pH, and unnecessary adhesion may occur (Non-patent Document 5). In addition, although collagen has tissue affinity, it may cause a problem that durability is insufficient depending on an organ or site to be regenerated (Non-patent Document 6).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a scaffold material that functions as a scaffold material in a living body for 2 weeks or more and that does not substantially cause a foreign body reaction, and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention provides the following scaffold materials and methods for producing the same.
- Item 1. A porous scaffold material comprising collagen fibers.
- Item 2. Item 2. The porous scaffold material according to Item 1, wherein the compression modulus is 0.05 to 1.0 MPa.
- Item 3. Item 3.
- Item 4. Item 4.
- Item 5. The porous scaffold material according to any one of Items 1 to 4, wherein collagen fibers are oriented.
- Item 6. Item 6.
- Item 7. Item 7.
- Item 8. The porous scaffold material according to Item 7, wherein there is little or no foreign body giant cells inside the scaffold material.
- Item 9. The porous scaffold material according to any one of Items 1 to 8, which can function as a scaffold material in vivo for at least 2 weeks.
- Item 10. The method for producing a porous scaffold material according to any one of Items 1 to 9, wherein a suspension of collagen fibers in a neutral region is placed in a container, cooled from one direction, freeze-dried, and thermally denatured. .
- Item 11. Item 11.
- the scaffold material of the present invention is a scaffold material that remains in a living body for 2 weeks or more and functions as a scaffold material, and at the same time, foreign body giant cells are substantially not present and a foreign body reaction does not occur.
- scaffold materials with various strengths can be manufactured depending on the site to be implanted.
- the scaffold material of the present invention is useful as a “scaffold” for the regeneration of any tissue.
- the scaffold material of the present invention is very effective for tissue repair because many cells, blood vessels and the like enter from the surrounding and are integrated with the surrounding tissue.
- a container for orienting collagen fibers A container for orienting collagen fibers.
- a Styrofoam outer frame
- ii Aluminum plate
- Styrofoam lid iv
- Parafilm v
- Inner frame made from paper measuring cup
- b Aluminum plate with vinyl tape on the bottom of the outer frame Attached to the inner frame
- c Parafilm covered.
- the collagen suspension freezes the volume expands and may come into contact with the foamed lid.
- the fine fiber of the polystyrene foam may be mixed with the collagen, it is covered with Parafilm to prevent it.
- d Covered with a polystyrene foam lid and fastened with vinyl tape.
- a collagen fiber scaffold material having orientation can be formed.
- a Collagen fiber scaffold material molded into 1 cm x 1 cm x 5 mm
- b Immediately after the collagen fiber scaffold material is implanted subcutaneously in the rat's back A foreign body giant cell observed when a collagen fiber scaffolding material with poor tissue affinity is implanted subcutaneously. Multinucleated foreign body giant cells are observed in the box. The lower left figure is an enlarged view of that part. (HE staining) Heat-denatured collagen fiber scaffolding material (after 2W subcutaneous implantation). A. 140 ° C.-6H: Since almost no foreign body giant cells were observed, the affinity score was 3.
- Affinity score was set to 2 since foreign body giant cells were occasionally found. (There are foreign body giant cells in the circled part) No foreign body giant cells are found around the collagen fiber scaffold material (after 1W subcutaneous implantation) that has not been heat-denatured. Since the pores in the scaffold material are not maintained, the invasiveness of the cells is poor. (HE staining) Foreign body giant cells are found around the collagen fiber scaffolding material (after subcutaneous implantation 2W) subjected to heat denaturation treatment at 140 ° C-24H, and the invasiveness of the cells is also poor.
- the thickness is the sum of the upper and lower thicknesses.
- Trends in the relationship between heat denaturation treatment time and collagen fiber scaffold material strength and tissue affinity (when denaturation temperatures are 100 ° C, 120 ° C, 140 ° C) Red and blue lines, and lines A and B Represents the same thing.
- the time x represents the treatment time when the denaturation temperature is 120 ° C., which is presumed that a scaffold material similar to that when the treatment condition is 140 ° C.-6H can be produced.
- the longitudinal cross-sectional view of the porous scaffold material of this invention obtained in Example 2.
- any collagen such as type I, type II, type III, type IV can be used, and these collagens can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- the preferred collagen is type I collagen, and a preferred embodiment of the present invention may be type I collagen alone, or a collagen mixture of type I collagen and at least one of type II, type III, type IV collagen. There may be.
- As the collagen atelocollagen can be preferably used.
- collagen fibers are used.
- Collagen fibers can be suspended in neutral pH water.
- the pH of the neutral region is not particularly limited as long as the collagen fibers are present in a suspension state, but it is, for example, about 6 to 8, preferably about 6.5 to 7.5, particularly about 7 to 7.4.
- the collagen fiber suspension may be obtained by suspending collagen fibers in neutral region water or a buffer solution, chopping up massive collagen composed of collagen fibers, and loosening them into fibers with a mixer, etc. Furthermore, it can obtain by processing so that fibers may fall apart using a homogenizer etc.
- aggregated collagen if collagen fiber aggregates remain in the scaffold material, the pores of the part become smaller, and when the collagen aggregates block the pores, the infiltration of cells stops there. It is preferable to loosen the collagen fiber using a mixer, a homogenizer or the like so that it does not occur as much as possible.
- the diameter of the pores of the scaffold material of the present invention is 50 ⁇ m or more, preferably 70 ⁇ m or more, particularly 100 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit of the pore diameter is not particularly limited, and is, for example, about 500 ⁇ m, about 400 ⁇ m, about 300 ⁇ m, or about 200 ⁇ m.
- a particularly preferable porous scaffold material has a pore diameter of about 100 to 300 ⁇ m. With the above pore diameter, surrounding cells, blood vessels and the like can sufficiently infiltrate into the scaffold material and tissue regeneration can be performed. The diameter of the pores of the scaffold material can be confirmed by an electron micrograph such as SEM.
- collagen fibers are preferably oriented.
- the orientation of the collagen fibers increases the strength of the scaffold material, suppresses the collagen fibers constituting the pore walls from protruding into the pores, and promotes infiltration of cells and blood vessels into the scaffold material.
- the orientation of the collagen fibers can be confirmed by an electron micrograph such as SEM.
- collagen molecules or collagen fibers are present at random, so that the speed at which cells, blood vessels and the like infiltrate into the scaffold material is slow, and the regeneration of the tissue only progresses gradually.
- the scaffold material of the present invention has solved such drawbacks by the orientation of collagen fibers.
- the preferred scaffold material orientation structure of the present invention is shown in FIG.
- collagen fibers are oriented in one direction, and pores are formed along the orientation direction. If the bundles of collagen fibers are randomly arranged, the cells themselves become a barrier and the infiltration of cells into the scaffolding material becomes worse. This is considered to be due to a mechanism different from the decrease in invasiveness of cells into the scaffold material accompanied by a foreign body reaction, that is, physical inhibition. When the collagen fiber bundle is oriented, physical inhibition of cell infiltration is eliminated, so that surrounding cells are more easily infiltrated into the scaffold material, and tissue regeneration and reconstruction can be easily performed.
- the compression modulus of the scaffold material of the present invention is about 0.05 to 1.0 MPa, preferably about 0.1 to 0.8 MPa, more preferably about 0.17 to 0.6 MPa, and still more preferably 0.23 to It is about 0.5 MPa, particularly about 0.29 to 0.42 MPa.
- the compression elastic modulus is obtained by compressing at a speed of 1 mm / min until a load reaches 19 N using a compression tester to obtain a stress-strain curve, and the strain in the elastic region on the obtained curve is 0.5 or It can be calculated as the ratio of stress and strain in the straight line near 0.5.
- the scaffold material of the present invention retains its shape for 2 weeks in the acute phase after being implanted in a living body and functions as a scaffold material. If the scaffold material is embedded in a site that requires tissue regeneration, such as a tissue defect, if the shape can be maintained for about two weeks in the acute phase, the tissue regeneration will proceed smoothly even if the scaffold material is absorbed and disappears thereafter. . Furthermore, the scaffold material of the present invention has little or no foreign body reaction. This can be confirmed by the presence of little or no foreign body giant cells in the scaffold during the acute period of 2 weeks after implantation in the living body.
- the freeze-dried porous scaffold material is heat-treated or treated with a cross-linking agent to cause cross-linking of collagen fibers.
- a cross-linking agent to cause cross-linking of collagen fibers.
- the cross-linking reduces the tissue affinity of the scaffold material composed of collagen fibers and causes a foreign body reaction. This is the reason why the conventional collagen scaffold material cannot sufficiently perform tissue regeneration.
- the preferred scaffold material of the present invention has improved strength due to the orientation of the collagen fibers, and the crosslinking treatment necessary to maintain the shape during the acute period of 2 weeks after implantation can be performed under mild conditions. As a result, the foreign body reaction can be lowered to a level that does not cause a problem, and the tissue regeneration becomes possible by the rapid entry of cells, blood vessels, and the like.
- Collagen shows a molecular structure in the acidic region but a fibrous structure in the neutral region, and they reversibly change according to pH. Furthermore, it is characterized by the fact that the polypeptide chain is denatured by heat to denature into gelatin (Figure 1; Peltonen, L., et al., Thermal stability of type I and type III procollagens from normal human fibroblasts and from a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta. Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1980. 77 (1): p. 162-6.). 40 ° C. in FIG. 1 indicates a so-called “denaturation temperature” in which exactly half of collagen molecules are broken in an aqueous solution or suspension.
- the present invention provides a porous scaffold material composed of collagen fibers that have been lyophilized and then denatured by applying heat of 40 ° C. or higher.
- heat treatment after lyophilization cross-linking occurs, the strength of the scaffold material is increased, and the durability is excellent in situ.
- the foreign body reaction accompanying cross-linking is at a level that does not substantially cause a problem, and this can be confirmed from the fact that foreign body giant cells are hardly present in the scaffold material embedded in the living body.
- collagen As the origin of collagen, vertebrates such as cows, pigs and chickens can be mentioned. Collagen of any origin may be used, and two or more kinds of collagens may be used in combination.
- the suspension of collagen fibers is preferably prepared at a temperature that does not denature (for example, 37 ° C. or lower).
- a collagen dispersion can be prepared by suspending the collagen fiber in water in a neutral region and dispersing the collagen fiber uniformly with a mixer, a homogenizer or the like as necessary.
- water When using an aggregate, a lump, etc. of a collagen fiber as a raw material, it is preferable to use water as a solvent and disentangle these to separate the collagen fiber.
- aggregates and aggregates of collagen fibers are contained in the scaffold material, they become dead ends and infiltration of cells, blood vessels, and the like is suppressed.
- the suspension of collagen fibers is preferably prepared in water in a neutral region.
- a collagen molecule solution is prepared in an acidic region having a pH of 3 to less than 6.5, and the pH of this solution is adjusted to the neutral region. Adjustment may be made to convert collagen molecules into collagen fibers to form a suspension of collagen fibers.
- the concentration of the collagen fiber is, for example, about 0.3 to 8% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to 6%, more preferably about 1 to 5%, still more preferably about 1 to 4%, particularly 1 to 3%. Degree. When the concentration of the collagen fiber is too high, the viscosity increases and the degree of orientation tends to decrease. When the concentration of collagen fibers is increased, the diameter of collagen fibers in the scaffold material is increased and the strength is increased, but the pore diameter is not significantly affected.
- the suspension of collagen fibers is preferably freeze-dried after being frozen in a container that can be cooled on one side.
- FIG. 3 shows a container in which the bottom surface is made of an aluminum plate and only the bottom surface can be cooled.
- the freezing temperature varies depending on the size of the container and the concentration of collagen fibers, and is not particularly limited. For example, it is about -80 ° C to -1 ° C, preferably about -50 ° C to -3 ° C, more preferably -30 ° C. It is about -5 ° C, particularly about -20 ° C to -5 ° C.
- the freezing temperature is too low, the pore size of the porous scaffold material becomes small, and the infiltration of the scaffold material such as cells and blood vessels is slowed or prevented.
- the freezing temperature is preferably about ⁇ 20 ° C. to ⁇ 10 ° C., particularly about ⁇ 10 ° C.
- freeze-dry and then heat-treat After freezing the collagen fiber suspension, freeze-dry and then heat-treat. Freeze-drying can be performed according to a conventional method.
- the obtained freeze-dried product is heat-treated at about 100 to 180 ° C., preferably about 120 to 150 ° C. for about 0.5 to 48 hours, preferably about 1 to 24 hours, more preferably about 2 to 12 hours.
- Collagen fibers can be thermally cross-linked.
- the cross-linking condition is that at least a part of the shape is retained for about two weeks in the acute phase when the scaffold material is embedded in the living body, and the foreign body giant cells are hardly or not found inside the scaffold material. Can be appropriately selected so that no foreign body reaction occurs.
- a preferable condition is a heat treatment at 140 ° C. for 6 hours.
- the scaffold material of the present invention is for embedding in a defect site or the like of an organ or tissue, and for regenerating the defect site by calling a surrounding cell or blood vessel therein, and surrounding cells, It is required that the shape of the blood vessel or the like can be completely or at least partially maintained for a period (acute period), for example, about 2 weeks, until the blood vessel enters the scaffold material and settles.
- the transplant material of the present invention can regenerate tissues / organs satisfactorily by satisfying these two conflicting requirements to a high degree.
- various materials eg, iPS cells, mesenchymal stem cells, salivary gland stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, neural stem cells, liver progenitor cells, islet progenitor cells, skin tissue stem cells, adipocyte progenitors
- Cells stem cells such as umbilical cord blood cells, progenitor cells, or cells useful for the repair / regeneration of organs or tissues), and then embed them in the site necessary for the repair or regeneration of tissues or organs. be able to.
- Example 1 Method for Producing Modified Collagen Fiber Scaffold Material From NMP Collagen PS (Nippon Ham), a pH 7 collagen mass was produced (type I 70-80% and type III 30-20%). This was shredded to a size of about 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 mm 3 using a grater, and 6 g of that was added to 200 mL of sterile milli-Q water. After the addition, stir for 2 minutes with Hybrid Mixer (Keyence, HM-500), then place it in a refrigerator at 4 ° C for 30 minutes or more and let it cool thoroughly 5 times to obtain a uniform 3% w / v collagen A fiber suspension was made.
- Hybrid Mixer Keyence, HM-500
- the scaffold material was prepared by the above-mentioned method and cut into a size of 1 cm ⁇ 1 cm ⁇ 5 mm, and collagen fiber scaffold materials were implanted subcutaneously on the back of three rats each (FIG. 4), after 2 weeks. The following two points were evaluated.
- the tissue contracts. That is, even when a tissue specimen immediately after subcutaneous implantation of a collagen fiber scaffold material having a thickness of 5 mm is produced, the thickness is thinner than 5 mm on the preparation specimen. Therefore, the thickness of the collagen fiber scaffold material after 2 weeks of subcutaneous implantation is actually thicker than on the preparation. In this experiment, the thickness on the slide was scored and evaluated.
- the strength of strength score 2 or higher is maintained even after 2W subcutaneous implantation, and the collagen fiber scaffold material showing affinity score 3 in vivo is denaturation temperature of 140 ° C. It can be seen that the processing time is 6H. Next, tissue affinity was shown when the denaturation temperature was 140 ° C. and the treatment time was 9H (FIG. 6). When the denaturation temperature was 140 ° C., tissue affinity was not shown when the treatment time was 12H or more.
- Collagen molecules are called so-called tropocollagen, and are composed of three polypeptide chains ( ⁇ chains) consisting of about 1000 amino acids. Each of the three ⁇ chains has a left-handed helical structure, but when the three are gathered together, the whole has a slow right-handed structure with a period of 104 mm. This structure is called a coiled coil structure or a super helix structure. Five collagen molecules gather to form collagen microfibrils, and they gather even more to form collagen fibrils. A collagen fiber is a product of aggregated collagen fibrils. The main antigenic determinants of collagen fibers are present in the non-helical telopeptide portions present at both ends of the collagen molecule, and the other portions are not significantly different between animal species.
- the collagen used in this experiment is atelocollagen obtained by removing a portion of an antigenic telopeptide using pepsin.
- the affinity score after 1 week is 3, indicating that the tissue affinity of atelocollagen is very high (FIG. 7).
- the strength was weak, and it was almost dissolved after 2 weeks of subcutaneous implantation, and sufficient space for tissue regeneration could not be secured.
- denaturation treatment of 24H was performed at 140 ° C., the strength increased and sufficient space for tissue regeneration was secured, but the antigenicity of the collagen fiber scaffold material increased.
- the collagen fiber scaffold material was recognized as a foreign body for the living body, and the tissue affinity deteriorated (FIG. 8). From these, it can be seen that the strength and the tissue affinity are inversely related. That is, the condition found in this experiment is a condition that suppresses antigenicity caused by denaturation of the collagen fiber scaffold material as much as possible and has a certain level of strength.
- the processing time is estimated to be close to 6H ( Figure 9).
- Example 2 A SEM photograph of a longitudinal cross-sectional view (FIG. 13) of the scaffold material obtained at a collagen fiber suspension concentration of 3% by weight, a freezing temperature of ⁇ 20 ° C. and a heat treatment of 140 ° C. for 6 hours is shown.
- the porous scaffold material of the present invention has a structure in which collagen fibers are oriented in one direction and pores are formed along the collagen fibers.
- Example 3 According to the manufacturing conditions described in Example 1, a plurality of porous scaffold material samples obtained by carrying out the modification treatment at 140 ° C. for 6 hours were cut into a size of 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm ⁇ height 5 mm, and a compression tester Using a small tabletop testing machine EZ Test, EZ-S, 20N, Shimadzu Corporation, the stress-strain curve was obtained by compressing at a speed of 1 mm / min until the load reached 19N. The compressive modulus was calculated as the ratio of stress to strain in the straight line where the strain was close to 0.5 in the elastic region on the curve.
- the compression elastic modulus had a minimum value of 0.29 MPa and a maximum value of 0.42 MPa, and all the samples had a compression elastic modulus in the range of 0.29 to 0.42 MPa. All of these samples were confirmed to have good strength and biocompatibility.
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Abstract
Description
項1. コラーゲン繊維から構成されることを特徴とする多孔性足場材料。
項2. 圧縮弾性率が、0.05~1.0MPaである、項1に記載の多孔性足場材料。
項3. 圧縮弾性率が、0.17~0.6MPaである、項2に記載の多孔性足場材料。
項4. 細孔の直径が50~500μmである、項1~3のいずれかに記載の多孔性足場材料。
項5. コラーゲン繊維が配向してなる項1~4のいずれかに記載の多孔性足場材料。
項6. コラーゲンがアテロコラーゲンである項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の多孔性足場材料。
項7. 生体内に埋入したときに少なくとも2週間異物反応を実質的に生じない項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の多孔性足場材料。
項8. 足場材料の内部に異物巨細胞がほとんど或いは全く存在しない、項7に記載の多孔性足場材料。
項9. 生体内で少なくとも2週間足場材料として機能し得る、項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の多孔性足場材料。
項10. 中性領域のコラーゲン繊維の懸濁液を容器に入れて1方向から冷却し、凍結乾燥し、熱変性させることを特徴とする項1~9のいずれかに記載の多孔性足場材料の製造方法。
項11. 熱変性が120℃~150℃で行われる、項10に記載の製造方法。
項12. 前記懸濁液の凍結温度が-5℃~-80℃である、項10又は11に記載の製造方法。
実施例1
変性コラーゲン繊維足場材料の作製方法
NMPコラーゲンPS(日本ハム)から、プロトコールに従って、pH7のコラーゲン塊を作製した(I型70~80%及びIII型30~20%)。これを、graterを用いて2×2×2mm3程度の大きさに細切し、そのうちの6gを滅菌ミリQ水200mLに添加した。添加後、Hybrid Mixer(Keyence,HM-500)で2分間攪拌し、その後、4℃の冷蔵庫に30分以上入れて十分に冷却させるという作業を5回繰り返し、均一な3%w/vのコラーゲン繊維懸濁液を作製した。さらに均一な懸濁液にする為に、そのまま4℃の冷蔵庫内に静置した。12時間後、pHを7.4に調節した後、コラーゲン繊維懸濁液をAce Homogenizer(Nissei, HM-500)を用いて、さらに5000 rpmで30分間攪拌した。これは、出来上がったコラーゲン繊維足場材料の内部構造が均一になる様にする為である。ペースト状になった懸濁液を容器に入れ(図3)、-10℃の冷凍庫で12時間冷却した。凍結後、凍結乾燥機で3日間乾燥させ、その後、低圧下(1×10-1Pa)で熱による変性処理(以下の表1に示す条件)を加えて変性コラーゲン繊維足場材料を作製した。
変性コラーゲン繊維足場材料の作製条件
上述の方法で足場材料を作製し1cm×1cm×5mmの大きさに切り出した、コラーゲン繊維足場材料をそれぞれ3匹ずつのラットの背中の皮下に埋入し(図4)、2週間後に以下の2つの点で評価した。
足場材料は、組織再生の為には、ある程度は体内に留まっていなくてはならない。よって、埋入した足場がどの程度残存しているかを、スコアー化して評価した。結果を表2に示す。
(強度スコア)
1:厚さ0mm。つまり、コラーゲン繊維足場材料は全く残存していない。
2:コラーゲン繊維足場材料は残存しているが、厚さは1mm以下。
3:厚さ1mm以上。
生体が体内に侵入してきた物を異物として認識した場合、マクロファージが動員されて、その排除にあたるが、さらに大きな異物の場合には、マクロファージが融合して異物巨細胞となり、異物の排除にあたる。つまり、異物巨細胞が認められた場合、それらによって取り囲まれた物は、生体が異物として認識したことになる(図5)。そこで、以下のようにスコアー化して、「異物としての度合い」を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
(親和性スコア)
1:埋入コラーゲン繊維足場材料の周囲全般に渡って、異物巨細胞が認められる
2:埋入コラーゲン繊維足場材料の周囲の一部分に異物巨細胞が認められる
3:埋入コラーゲン繊維足場材料の周囲に、異物巨細胞が殆ど認められない
コラーゲン分子は、いわゆるトロポコラーゲンと呼ばれ、アミノ酸約1000残基からなるポリペプチド鎖(α鎖)が3本集まって構成されている。3本のα鎖は、それぞれ左巻きのらせん構造をとっているが、3本が寄り集まると、全体としては周期が104Åのゆっくりとした右巻き構造をとる。この構造をコイルドコイル構造または、スーパーヘリックス構造と呼ぶ。コラーゲン分子は5つ集まってコラーゲンミクロフィブリルを形成し、それらがさらにより集まってコラーゲンフィブリルを形成する。コラーゲン繊維とは、このコラーゲンフィブリルが集合して出来たものである。コラーゲン繊維の主な抗原決定基は、コラーゲン分子両端に存在する非らせん構造のテロペプチドの部分に存在し、その他の部分は、動物種間で大きな違いはない。本実験で用いたコラーゲンは、抗原性を有するテロペプチドの部分をペプシンを用いて取り除いたアテロコラーゲンである。熱による変性処理を加えないコラーゲン繊維足場材料を皮下に埋入した場合、1週間後の親和性スコアは3であることより、アテロコラーゲンの組織親和性は非常に高いことが分かる(図7)。しかし、強度が弱く、皮下埋入2週間後には、ほぼ溶解し、組織再生の為の十分な空間を確保することが出来なかった。一方、140℃で24Hの変性処理を施すと、強度は強くなり組織再生の為の空間は十分に確保されたが、コラーゲン繊維足場材料の抗原性は増した。つまり、コラーゲン繊維足場材料は生体にとっての異物として認識され、組織親和性は悪くなった(図8)。これらより、強度と組織親和性は、反比例関係にあることが分かる。つまり、本実験で見出した条件は、コラーゲン繊維足場材料の変性によって生じる抗原性を極力押さえ、しかも、ある程度の強度を持たせる条件であると言えるので、図中のラインA以上かつラインB以上の処理時間が6Hに近いものと推察される(図9)。
コラーゲン繊維の懸濁液中の濃度が重量で3%、凍結温度が-20℃、熱処理が140℃、6時間で得られた足場材料の縦断面図(図13)のSEM写真を示す。
実施例1に記載の製造条件に従い、変性処理を140℃、6時間で実施して得た複数の多孔性足場材料のサンプルについてを10mm×10mm×高さ5mmの大きさに切り出し、圧縮試験機(小型卓上試験機 EZ Test, EZ-S, 20N, 島津製作所)を用いて、荷重が19Nに達するまで1mm/分の速さで圧縮し応力-ひずみ曲線を得た。圧縮弾性率は、曲線上での弾性領域でひずみが0.5に近い部分の直線に於ける応力とひずみの比率として計算した。その結果、圧縮弾性率は、最小値が0.29MPa、最大値が0.42MPaであり、全てのサンプルは、圧縮弾性率が0.29~0.42MPaの範囲内であった。これらのサンプルは全て良好な強度と生体親和性を有することを確認した。
Claims (12)
- コラーゲン繊維から構成されることを特徴とする多孔性足場材料。
- 圧縮弾性率が、0.05~1.0MPaである、請求項1に記載の多孔性足場材料。
- 圧縮弾性率が、0.17~0.6MPaである、請求項2に記載の多孔性足場材料。
- 細孔の直径が50~500μmである、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の多孔性足場材料。
- コラーゲン繊維が配向してなる請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の多孔性足場材料。
- コラーゲンがアテロコラーゲンである請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の多孔性足場材料。
- 生体内に埋入したときに少なくとも2週間異物反応を実質的に生じない請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の多孔性足場材料。
- 足場材料の内部に異物巨細胞がほとんど或いは全く存在しない、請求項7に記載の多孔性足場材料。
- 生体内で少なくとも2週間足場材料として機能し得る、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の多孔性足場材料。
- 中性領域のコラーゲン繊維の懸濁液を容器に入れて1方向から冷却し、凍結乾燥し、熱変性させることを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の多孔性足場材料の製造方法。
- 熱変性が120℃~150℃で行われる、請求項10に記載の製造方法。
- 前記懸濁液の凍結温度が-5℃~-80℃である、請求項10又は11に記載の製造方法。
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| US14/241,866 US9603969B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2012-08-29 | Porous scaffold material, and method for producing same |
| JP2013531377A JP5955326B2 (ja) | 2011-08-30 | 2012-08-29 | 多孔性足場材料及びその製造方法 |
| EP12827464.4A EP2786770B1 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2012-08-29 | Porous scaffold material, and method for producing same |
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| US10960106B2 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2021-03-30 | Fujifilm Corporation | Tissue repair material |
| JP2023521307A (ja) * | 2020-03-31 | 2023-05-24 | ジェニフィス,インコーポレイテッド | 高強度コラーゲン組成物および使用方法 |
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| KR101327630B1 (ko) * | 2012-03-05 | 2013-11-13 | 울산대학교 산학협력단 | 아텔로콜라겐을 이용한 췌도세포 이식용 담체의 제조방법 그리고 이를 이용하여 제조된 인공췌장 |
| US11434469B2 (en) | 2015-02-10 | 2022-09-06 | Lifenet Health | Biologically functional soft tissue scaffolds and implants |
| CN114848909B (zh) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-04-07 | 四川大学 | 一种胶原聚集体支架材料及其制备方法 |
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| JP2023521307A (ja) * | 2020-03-31 | 2023-05-24 | ジェニフィス,インコーポレイテッド | 高強度コラーゲン組成物および使用方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US9603969B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
| EP2786770B1 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
| EP2786770A4 (en) | 2015-05-20 |
| JP5955326B2 (ja) | 2016-07-20 |
| US20140221615A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
| EP2786770A1 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
| JPWO2013031861A1 (ja) | 2015-03-23 |
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