WO2013031353A1 - 加工異常検知方法および加工装置 - Google Patents
加工異常検知方法および加工装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 205
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 13
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- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/406—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by monitoring or safety
- G05B19/4065—Monitoring tool breakage, life or condition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37242—Tool signature, compare pattern with detected signal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37355—Cutting, milling, machining force
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/50—Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
- G05B2219/50203—Tool, monitor condition tool
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a processing apparatus for monitoring a processing state during machining and detecting an abnormality.
- Machining is a general processing method used for various metal processing, and a cutting blade attached to a rotary tool is cut into a work material and processed into various shapes by removing the material.
- the removal amount increases, so that the cutting efficiency, the feed speed, and the tool rotation speed are increased to increase the efficiency.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 10 (1999) discloses a method in which a change pattern of the motor drive current value is grasped in advance by experiments and simulations, and a threshold value is set for each machining path from this change pattern. 5-337790).
- the method of setting a threshold value in advance for each machining pass is applicable only when the cutting depth in a single machining pass is constant, and is applicable when the cutting load changes and the machining load changes. Can not. Further, in the processing of a complicated three-dimensional shape, it is necessary to divide a large number of short processing paths, and it is difficult to set a threshold value for each processing path.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of dynamically determining a cutting force abnormality detection threshold value even in a machining path in which the cutting amount changes from moment to moment.
- the present application includes a plurality of means for solving the above problems.
- the signal generated by the rotary cutting is measured, and the cutting force component including the fundamental wave and the high frequency is extracted from the measured signal.
- Calculates the threshold value for abnormality detection based on the ratio of the fundamental wave and high frequency of the cutting force component calculates the cutting force based on the cutting force component, and compares the cutting force with the threshold value to determine machining abnormality. To do.
- the cutting force abnormality detection threshold value can be dynamically determined according to the change of the cutting amount, the setting accuracy of the abnormality detection threshold value is improved and the machining accuracy is improved. be able to.
- FIG. 2 shows an apparatus configuration of a general machining apparatus used in this embodiment.
- a three-axis control machining apparatus will be described as an example, but the number of control axes and the apparatus configuration are not limited thereto.
- the machining apparatus 100 holds a casing 101, a machining tool 104, a spindle 103 that holds and rotates the machining tool 104, a spindle stage 102 that moves the spindle 103 in the axial direction, a workpiece 105, and a workpiece.
- a table 106 to be moved and a controller 107 for controlling the machining apparatus 100 are included.
- the MPU (not shown) in the controller, by executing software, performs a frequency conversion unit, a cutting force component extraction unit, a cutting force calculation unit, an abnormality determination unit, a cutting amount calculation unit, an abnormality detection threshold, which will be described later.
- the memory (not shown) functions as a calculation unit, and includes a machining condition storage unit, a cutting amount conversion coefficient storage unit, and a threshold conversion coefficient storage unit.
- the machining apparatus 100 is configured to machine the shape of the work material 105 by rotating the work tool 104 to cut into the work material 105 and removing the work material 105.
- the machining tool 104 vibrates the machining tool 104, the casing 101, and the like, causing problems such as a reduction in surface roughness of the machining surface and breakage of the machining tool 104.
- Fig. 1 shows the processing flow of the machining abnormality determination method.
- cutting state quantity measurement (S1) is implemented, and frequency conversion (S2) of the measured signal is implemented.
- the cutting force component extraction (S3) is performed, and the cutting amount calculation (S4) is performed from the extracted signal.
- the cutting force component extracted by the cutting force component extraction (S3) is subjected to inverse frequency conversion to calculate the cutting force (S6).
- abnormality determination (S7) is performed in which an abnormal state is determined by comparing the cutting force calculated in cutting force calculation (S6) with the threshold calculated in abnormality detection threshold calculation (S5).
- a cutting state quantity is measured using a sensor (not shown).
- a sensor output such as a force sensor signal, a driving current value of a spindle motor, an acceleration sensor signal, an acoustic signal, and acoustic emission can be generally used.
- the force sensor can be installed by being built in the table 106 or the spindle stage 102 or disposed so as to be sandwiched between the work material 105 and the table 106. Since the drive current value of the spindle motor becomes a value proportional to the force for rotating the machining tool 104, the machining load can be measured.
- the acceleration sensor and the acoustic emission are mainly attached to the casing 101, the spindle stage 102, and the table 106, and measure the vibration of the apparatus.
- the acoustic signal is for collecting sounds generated by the vibration of the apparatus with a microphone or the like.
- the processing tool 104 has a structure in which a tip 121 having a cutting edge is attached to a rotating shaft 122.
- the processing tool 104 rotates about the rotation center C, and the chip 121 is cut into the work material 105 and processed.
- 3 and 4 show an example in which two chips 121 are attached, the number of chips may be different depending on the tool.
- the axial direction used for signal analysis is the axial cutting direction (perpendicular to the paper surface), the feed direction of the machining tool 104, and the radial cutting direction perpendicular to them.
- the tool feed direction X is a substantially constant direction and the moving average line 32 of the locus 31 drawn by the rotation center of the rotating shaft 122 is substantially a straight line, the tool feed direction X Can be fixed. Also, as shown in FIG.
- the measurement signal may be coordinate-transformed so that the tangential direction is Fx and the perpendicular direction is Fy.
- abnormality detection it is not always necessary to determine abnormality in three directions, and it is sufficient to make determination using a signal component Fy in a representative direction, for example, a radial cutting direction. Or you may determine by the signal component of the direction where the fluctuation
- the direction in which the variation in the amount of cutting state appears significantly is determined by the attachment angle of the tip 121, the tool movement direction, and the like.
- the frequency conversion unit in the controller 107 performs frequency conversion on the measured cutting state quantity measurement value.
- the frequency conversion method general techniques such as discrete Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform can be used.
- the cutting force component extraction (S3) the cutting force component extraction unit in the controller 107 extracts a frequency component related to the cutting force. Taking the force sensor output as an example, the measured signal includes a cutting force generated when the workpiece is removed and a vibration force generated by tool vibration or the like.
- the vibration force frequency determined by the natural frequency of the machining tool 104 can be separated. That is, in the cutting force component extraction (S3), the rotational speed of the machining tool is calculated based on the rotational speed of the spindle motor, and the frequency corresponding to the value obtained by multiplying the rotational speed by the number of blades is used as the fundamental wave. Then, the fundamental wave and the frequency near the integer multiple are extracted from the measured signal as a cutting force component.
- the cutting amount calculation unit in the controller 107 calculates the cutting amount in the radial direction. This will be described with reference to FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, 6A, 6B, and 6C.
- 5A to 5C show an example in which the diameter cutting amount h is small, and the diameter cutting amount h is about the same as the radius of the machining tool 104.
- FIG. 5A to 5C show an example in which the diameter cutting amount h is small, and the diameter cutting amount h is about the same as the radius of the machining tool 104.
- FIG. 5B shows an example of the cutting force signal when the tool is rotated at a rotational speed of 3300 min ⁇ 1 .
- cutting force is generated at intervals of 0.009 seconds, and there is time for the tip 121 to idle, so intermittent cutting force is applied.
- the result of discrete Fourier transform of FIG. 5B is shown in FIG. 5C.
- the fundamental wave is a frequency of 110 Hz (3300 min ⁇ 1 / 60 ⁇ 2 blades) corresponding to the tool rotation speed of 3300 min ⁇ 1 , and harmonics that are an integral multiple of the fundamental wave are generated. Harmonics are generated because the cutting force is intermittent and there are discontinuous portions.
- FIG. 6 shows an example in which the diameter cutting amount h is large, and the diameter cutting amount h is equal to the diameter of the machining tool 104. Since there is no free running time of the tip 122, the cutting force is continuous. It can be seen that only the signal of the fundamental wave 110 Hz is generated in the frequency conversion result.
- FIG. 5B is a waveform obtained by removing the waveform of the idle running period of the chip 121 from the graph of FIG. 6B. Therefore, the waveform shown in FIG. 5B can be obtained by applying a window function that makes the signal effective only during the time when the chip 121 is cut into the work material 105.
- a method for deriving a relational expression between the cutting depth h and the cutting waveform and Fourier transform will be described with reference to FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C.
- Fig. 7A shows the window function.
- the window function is a rectangular wave having a magnitude of 1, with a period of fc and a rectangular wave width of s ⁇ fc.
- the rectangular ratio s is a value related to the idle time of the chip 121, and takes a value of 0 ⁇ s ⁇ 1.
- FIG. 7B shows a cutting force waveform with the same diameter cutting amount as FIG. 6B.
- the maximum cutting force is F
- the period is fc as with the window function.
- FIG. 7C is a waveform obtained by multiplying the window function (FIG. 7A) and the cutting force waveform (FIG. 7B), and corresponds to the waveform of FIG. 5B.
- Equation 1 The window function M (t) in FIG. 7A is expressed by Equation 1.
- ⁇ 2 ⁇ fc.
- Equation 2 is a mathematical expression of the cutting force waveform when two chips 121 are attached to the rotary shaft 122 at equal intervals, and is determined by the number of chips, the interval between the chips, and the size of the rotary shaft.
- Equation 4 When the radius of the machining tool 104 is r and the number of the chips 121 is N, the relationship between the rectangular ratio s and the diameter cutting amount h is expressed by Equation 4.
- the magnitude of the harmonic component is a function of the diameter cutting amount h, and the diameter cutting amount h can be calculated from the harmonic ratio.
- the fundamental frequency corresponding to the number of tool rotations is F0
- the first harmonic is F1
- the nth harmonic is Fn.
- F1 / F0, F2 / F0,..., Fn / F0 are functions of the diameter cutting amount h, and other parameters (for example, the shaft cutting amount, machining tool 104, work material, etc. It can be seen that it is not influenced by the rigidity of 105.
- the rectangular ratio s is obtained from the actual measurement values P1 / P0 using Equation 7, and the cutting amount h can be calculated from Equation 4.
- general techniques such as Runge-Kutta method, Euler method, simulation, and the like can be used.
- the harmonic ratios calculated from Equation 3 are P1s / P0s, P2s / P0s,..., Pns / P0s, and the harmonic ratios calculated from the actually measured values are P1m / P0m, P2m / P0m,.
- Expression 8 is defined as an error function and the cutting amount h is used as a parameter, the cutting amount h having the smallest error function may be obtained.
- the rectangular ratio s that minimizes the error function in Equation 8 may be obtained.
- n only needs to be calculated up to a sufficiently high-order term, and does not need to be calculated up to infinity.
- a general technique such as Runge-Kutta method, Euler method, simulation, or the like can be used.
- harmonic ratios P1 / P0, P2 / P0,..., Pn ⁇ P0
- the harmonic ratio P1m / P0m, P2m / P0m,..., Pnm / P0m
- the rectangular ratio s that minimizes the error function (Equation 9) is selected. The calculation accuracy can be improved as the number of divisions of the rectangular ratio s is increased.
- the abnormality detection threshold value calculation (S5) performed by the abnormality detection threshold value calculation unit in the controller 107 will be described.
- the magnitude F of the cutting force in Equation 3 depends on the rigidity, diameter cutting amount, and shaft cutting amount of the machining tool 104 and the work material 105.
- the parameters that can be changed during machining are the diameter cutting amount and the shaft cutting amount, so that a threshold value using these two parameters as parameters is provided in a table as shown in FIG. 9A so that it can be referred to.
- the threshold value for each condition is derived in advance by a simulation or experiment and is set in a table according to the magnitude of the cutting force. Since the diameter cutting amount and the harmonic ratio have the relationship of Equation 3, a table in which the diameter cutting amount is replaced with the harmonic ratio as shown in FIG. 9B may be used.
- the cutting force F can be obtained from Expression 12, and a value obtained by adding a margin D to F can be used as an abnormality detection threshold value.
- the cutting force calculation unit in the controller 107 obtains the magnitude of the cutting force by performing inverse Fourier transform on the frequency component of the cutting force separated in the cutting force component extraction (S3).
- the abnormality determination (S7) the abnormality determination unit in the controller 107 detects the cutting abnormality by comparing the cutting force obtained in S6 with the abnormality detection threshold value obtained in S5.
- the present embodiment it is possible to provide a method for dynamically setting an abnormality detection threshold in a machining path in which the diameter cutting changes from moment to moment, so that it is possible to avoid generation of defective products due to machining failure. Can contribute to the reduction of manufacturing costs.
- FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram for explaining an embodiment of a portion related to processing abnormality detection in the controller 107 of the processing apparatus.
- the MPU of the controller 107 includes a cutting state quantity measuring unit 11 and a frequency converting unit 12, a cutting force component extracting unit 13, a cutting force calculating unit 14, an abnormality determining unit 15, a cutting amount calculating unit 16, and an abnormality detection threshold value calculating unit.
- the memory includes a machining condition storage unit 18, a cutting amount conversion coefficient storage unit 19, a threshold conversion coefficient storage unit 20, a machining condition input unit 21, a threshold conversion coefficient calculation unit 23, a threshold value.
- a condition input unit 25 is included.
- the cutting state quantity measuring unit 11 includes sensors such as a force sensor, a driving current value of a spindle motor, an acceleration sensor, an acoustic sensor, and acoustic emission, and is a means for measuring a change in a signal accompanying a cutting force or mechanical vibration.
- the force sensor can be installed by being built in the table 106 or the spindle stage 102 or by being disposed so as to be sandwiched between the work material 105 and the table 106. Since the driving current value of the spindle motor is a value proportional to the force applied to the machining tool 104, the machining load can be measured.
- the acceleration sensor and the acoustic emission are mainly attached to the casing 101, the spindle stage 102, and the table 106, and measure the vibration of the apparatus.
- the acoustic signal collects sound generated by the vibration of the apparatus with a microphone or the like.
- the frequency converter 12 is a means for converting the frequency of the sensor signal output from the cutting state quantity measuring unit 11.
- the frequency conversion method general techniques such as discrete Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform can be used.
- the cutting force component extraction unit 13 is a means for separating the cutting force component using the natural frequency of the processing tool 104 or the frequency of the cutting force.
- the cutting amount calculation unit 16 is a means for calculating the diameter cutting amount from the harmonic ratio of the cutting force component separated by the cutting force component extraction unit 13.
- the cutting amount calculation unit 16 acquires the coefficient of the equation for calculating the diameter cutting amount from the harmonic ratio or the conversion table from the cutting amount conversion coefficient storage unit 19, and calculates the diameter cutting amount. Since the expression for calculating the cutting amount is determined by the number of chips, the interval between the chips, and the rotation axis size, these pieces of information are acquired from the cutting amount conversion coefficient storage unit 19.
- the abnormality detection threshold value calculation unit 17 uses the information in the machining condition storage unit 18 and the threshold conversion coefficient storage unit 20 and uses the calculation formula or the conversion table from the cut amount calculated by the cut amount calculation unit 16. Means for determining an abnormality detection threshold.
- the threshold conversion coefficient storage unit 20 the machining conditions set by the machining condition setting unit 23, the cutting amount, and the threshold value are stored in association with each other.
- the cutting force calculation unit 14 is a means for calculating a cutting force by performing inverse frequency conversion on the cutting force component separated by the cutting force component extraction unit 13. General techniques such as inverse discrete Fourier transform and inverse fast Fourier transform can be used.
- the abnormality determination unit 15 determines abnormality by comparing the cutting force output from the cutting force calculation unit 14 with the threshold value output from the abnormality detection threshold value calculation unit 17.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an input screen 1001 for inputting a machining condition setting method.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a file format of the library information described in FIG.
- the library information includes, for example, a library number 1005 and a library item 1006 such as a spindle rotation speed input method.
- Display items 1002 are displayed on the input screen 1001 in FIG. 11 based on the library information in FIG. 12, and a condition to be used for each item is selected by pressing a radio button 1003. After selecting all the items, pressing the enter button 1004 terminates the input and stores the selected items in the processing condition storage unit 18.
- the cutting force component extraction unit 13 extracts the cutting force component using the spindle rotation speed acquired by the controller 107 from the machining apparatus 100.
- the spindle speed of the program stored in the machining apparatus 100 or the controller 107 is acquired.
- the machining program is composed of several steps, and it is desirable to acquire the spindle rotation speed for each step.
- FIG. 13 shows an example of the file information when “Acquire from file” is selected as the axis cutting amount input method.
- file information for example, a library number 1007, a library first item 1008, and a library second item 1009 are included. Enter the path number or program step number as the first library item, and enter the axis cut amount as the second library item to set the axis cut amount corresponding to each pass or each program step number. Can do.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an input screen 1040 for inputting an abnormality detection threshold value input method.
- An input method can be selected with a radio button 1003.
- FIG. 15 shows an example of the outline of the input screen 1041 that transitions when “Acquire from table” is pressed.
- the vertical axis of the threshold setting table 1045 is the axis cutting amount
- the horizontal axis is the harmonic ratio or the diameter cutting amount
- the horizontal axis is linked to the radio button 1003 selected in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is an example of a screen when “Acquire from table (harmonic ratio conversion)” is selected in FIG.
- the number of parameters and the range of the threshold setting table 1045 are determined by the numerical values input to the parameter setting table 1044. For each item, a lower limit value, an upper limit value, and a step amount are input, and when the setting button 1043 is pressed, the number of parameters and numerical values in the threshold setting table 1045 are determined and displayed according to the input values. After inputting a numerical value in the threshold value input field 1046, the input is terminated by pressing the enter button 1004.
- the threshold value and the parameter may be input from a file. In this case, data can be input by designating a file to be read into the threshold setting table 1045 using the file name input unit 1047 and pressing a read button 1048.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of the input screen 1011 that transitions when “Acquire from cutting force coefficient” is selected as the abnormality detection threshold value input method.
- setting items 1012 based on the library information of FIG.
- FIG. 19 shows an example of an input screen that is transitioned to when “Acquire from machining specifications” is selected.
- setting items 1022 based on the library information of FIG. 20 are displayed, and information is input.
- the threshold conversion coefficient calculation unit 23 sets the threshold value of the file format item shown in FIG. Then, threshold setting table information in which the input fixed value is set is created and stored in the threshold conversion coefficient storage unit 20.
- the threshold setting table input in FIG. 15 is stored in the threshold conversion coefficient storage unit.
- An abnormality detection threshold value is determined by multiplying the calculated cutting force by a threshold setting magnification.
- a threshold value is calculated while changing the vertical axis and horizontal axis cutting amounts and harmonic ratios shown in the embodiment of FIG. 16, and data including the file information shown in FIG. 16 is created to convert the threshold value.
- Store in the coefficient storage unit 20 Values stored in advance are used for the lower and upper limits of the values on the vertical axis and the horizontal axis, and for the step. Alternatively, an input screen may be provided.
- the present embodiment it is possible to provide a means for dynamically setting an abnormality detection threshold in a machining path in which the diameter cutting changes from moment to moment, so that generation of defective products due to machining failure can be avoided. Can contribute to the reduction of manufacturing costs.
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Abstract
Description
P0=|F0(t)|2、P1=|F1(t)|2であることから、式5,式6より
P1/P0は式7で表される。
Claims (23)
- 切削工具を回転させる加工に伴う切削状態量を測定する測定ステップと、
前記測定した信号から、基本波及び高調波を含む切削力成分を抽出する抽出ステップと、
前記切削力成分の基本波と高調波との比率である高調波比率に基いて、異常判定のしきい値を算出するしきい値算出ステップと、
前記抽出した切削力成分から、切削力を算出する切削力算出ステップと、
前記算出した切削力と、前記算出したしきい値とに基いて、異常を判定する異常判定ステップと、
を含む加工異常検知方法。 - 請求項1において、
前記抽出ステップでは、前記測定した信号を周波数変換して切削力成分を抽出し、
前記切削力算出ステップでは、前記周波数変換されて抽出された切削力成分を、逆周波数変換することにより切削力を算出することを特徴とする加工異常検知方法。 - 請求項1または2において、
前記しきい値算出ステップでは、前記高調波比率に基いて、径切込量を算出し、当該径切込量に基いて、しきい値を算出することを特徴とする加工異常検知方法。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれかにおいて、
軸切込量を算出する軸切込量算出ステップを有し、
前記しきい値算出ステップでは、前記高調波比率または径切込み量と、前記軸切込量とに基いて、前記しきい値を設定することを特徴とする加工異常検知方法。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれかにおいて、
前記測定ステップでは、前記切削状態量として、被加工材の振動、加工装置の振動、前記加工工具を回転させるモータの電流、振動に伴って発生する音のいずれかを測定することを特徴とする加工異常検知方法。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれかにおいて、
測定した信号を、前記切削工具の回転中心が描く軌跡の移動平均線の接線方向成分と、
垂直方向成分に座標変換し、前記抽出ステップでは当該垂直方向成分を用いることを特徴とする加工異常検知方法。 - 請求項3において、
前記しきい値算出ステップでは、前記測定信号の、一次高調波の振幅F1と基本波の振幅F0との比である高調波比率と切込量を関連付けて記憶した変換テーブルまたは数式を用いて、前記径切込量を算出することを特徴とする加工異常検知方法。 - 請求項7において、
前記しきい値算出ステップは、前記測定信号の、一次高調波からn次高調波の振幅F1からFnと基本波の振幅F0との比を算出するステップと、シミュレーションあるいは数式から算出される信号の一次高調波からn次高調波の振幅F1からFnと基本波の振幅F0との比を算出するステップと、各高調波比の差を最小化する切込量を算出するステップと
を有することを特徴とする加工異常検知方法。 - 切削工具と、前記切削工具を回転させるモータと、制御を行う制御手段と、を備えた加工装置において、
切削工具を回転させる加工に伴う切削状態量を測定する測定手段を有し、
前記制御手段は、
前記測定した信号から、基本波及び高調波を含む切削力成分を抽出する抽出部と、
前記切削力成分の基本波と高調波との比率である高調波比率に基いて、異常判定のしきい値を算出するしきい値算出部と、
前記抽出した切削力成分から、切削力を算出する切削力算出部と、
前記算出した切削力成分と、前記算出したしきい値とに基いて、異常を判定する異常判定分と、
とを有することを特徴とする加工装置。 - 請求項9において、
前記抽出部は、前記測定した信号を周波数変換して切削力成分を抽出し、
前記切削力算出部は、前記周波数変換されて抽出された切削力成分を、逆周波数変換することを特徴とする加工装置。 - 請求項9または10において、
前記しきい値算出部では、前記高調波比率に基いて、径切込量を算出し、当該径切込量に基いて、しきい値を算出することを特徴とする加工装置。 - 請求項9乃至11のいずれかにおいて、
軸切込量を算出する軸切込量算出部を有し、
前記しきい値算出部は、前記高調波比率または径切込み量と、前記軸切込量とに基いて、前記しきい値を設定することを特徴とする加工装置。 - 請求項9乃至12のいずれかにおいて、
前記測定手段は、前記切削状態量として、被加工材の振動、加工装置の振動、前記加工工具を回転させるモータの電流、振動に伴って発生する音のいずれかを測定することを特徴とする加工装置。 - 請求項9乃至13のいずれかにおいて、
前記しきい値算出部は、前記高調波と前記基本波の比率と切込量を関連付けるテーブルあるいは数式を用いて前記しきい値を算出することを特徴とする加工装置。 - 請求項9乃至14のいずれかにおいて、
前記しきい値算出部は、切込量と加工条件情報と異常検知しきい値を関連付けるテーブルあるいは数式に基いてを用いて前記しきい値を算出する
をことを特徴とする加工装置。 - 請求項9乃至15のいずれかにおいて、
前記切削工具の回転軸の回転中心が描く軌跡の移動平均線の接線方向と垂線方向に測定値を座標変換する手段を有することを特徴とする加工装置。 - 請求項9乃至16のいずれかにおいて、
加工条件記憶部から加工条件を取得し、シミュレーションまたは数式により、切込量変換係数を算出する手段を有することを特徴とする加工装置。 - 請求項15または17において、
前記加工条件情報として、チップ枚数およびチップ取り付け位置を有することを特徴とする加工装置。 - 請求項15または17において、
前記加工条件情報として、チップ枚数およびチップ取り付け位置を有することを特徴とする加工装置。 - 切削工具を回転させる加工に伴う切削状態量を測定し加工異常検知する加工装置におけるデータ入力を支援するデータ入力支援装置であって、
異常検知しきい値を算出するための加工条件のライブラリ項目と前記加工条件のライブラリ項目をユーザに対して提示しユーザからの加工条件のライブラリ項目の指定を受ける加工条件入力部と、
異常検知しきい値を算出するためのしきい値のライブラリ項目と前記しきい値のライブラリ項目をユーザに対して提示しユーザからのしきい値のライブラリ項目の指定を受けるしきい値条件入力部と、
前記ユーザから指定を受けたしきい値から異常検知しきい値を算出するしきい値変換係数算出部と、
前記しきい値変換係数算出部で算出したしきい値変換係数を記憶するしきい値変換係数記憶部と、
を備えたことを特徴とするデータ入力支援装置。 - 請求項20において、
前記しきい値変換係数算出部はユーザが入力したしきい値条件からシミュレーションによってしきい値変換係数を算出することを特徴とするデータ入力支援装置。 - 請求項20において、
前記しきい値条件入力部で選択した入力項目に応じて、しきい値変換係数の算出方法を変更することを特徴とするデータ入力支援装置。 - 請求項20において、
前記しきい値変換係数算出部は、高調波比率と軸切込み量、および異常検知しきい値を関連づけたデータを生成することを特徴とするデータ入力支援装置。
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013150905A1 (ja) * | 2012-04-04 | 2013-10-10 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 切削加工システム及び方法 |
| JP2019072806A (ja) * | 2017-10-17 | 2019-05-16 | オムロン株式会社 | 切削加工装置 |
| DE102019117684A1 (de) | 2018-07-18 | 2020-01-23 | Hitachi, Ltd. | System zur Bestimmung eines Werkzeugmaschinenzustands und Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Werkzeugmaschinenzustands |
| JP2020160830A (ja) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | 数値制御装置、工作機械、制御プログラム、及び記憶媒体 |
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| JP6578195B2 (ja) * | 2015-11-26 | 2019-09-18 | Dmg森精機株式会社 | 切削工具の固有振動数導出方法及び安定限界曲線作成方法、並びに切削工具の固有振動数導出装置 |
| KR101867136B1 (ko) * | 2015-12-07 | 2018-06-12 | 현대위아 주식회사 | 절삭 작업을 위한 공구의 마모 및 파손 감지 방법 |
| CN106863009B (zh) * | 2017-01-20 | 2018-01-09 | 西北工业大学 | 基于刀杆两点变形的切削力测量方法 |
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| JP2019072806A (ja) * | 2017-10-17 | 2019-05-16 | オムロン株式会社 | 切削加工装置 |
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| DE102019117684B4 (de) * | 2018-07-18 | 2021-06-24 | Hitachi, Ltd. | System zur Bestimmung eines Werkzeugmaschinenzustands und Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Werkzeugmaschinenzustands |
| JP2020160830A (ja) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | 数値制御装置、工作機械、制御プログラム、及び記憶媒体 |
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| US20140288882A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
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