WO2013024730A1 - 有機電界発光素子、有機電界発光素子用の化合物、並びに該素子を用いた発光装置、表示装置及び照明装置 - Google Patents
有機電界発光素子、有機電界発光素子用の化合物、並びに該素子を用いた発光装置、表示装置及び照明装置 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent element and a material compound for an organic electroluminescent element used therefor.
- the present invention also relates to a light emitting device, a display device or a lighting device using the organic electroluminescent element.
- Organic electroluminescent elements (hereinafter also referred to as “elements” and “organic EL elements”) are actively researched and developed because they can emit light with high luminance when driven at a low voltage.
- An organic electroluminescent element has an organic layer between a pair of electrodes, and electrons injected from the cathode and holes injected from the anode recombine in the organic layer, and the generated exciton energy is used for light emission. To do.
- Organic electroluminescence devices can be provided as devices having various emission wavelengths, and are expected to be applied to a wide range of applications because of their high response speed and relatively thin and light weight. Yes.
- the development of an organic electroluminescent device having high color purity and high luminous efficiency is important for application to full-color displays, and various development research results have been reported so far.
- Patent Document 1 describes that, as a fluorescent material, a material in which a ring is formed with a single bond and a methylene chain with respect to a condensed ring structure such as pyrene can emit light in a blue region and extend its lifetime.
- a fluorescent material a material in which a ring is formed with a single bond and a methylene chain with respect to a condensed ring structure such as pyrene can emit light in a blue region and extend its lifetime.
- three types of compounds are used as blue dopants. According to Table 6, the chromaticity (0.14, 0.16) is described, and the maximum efficiency is described as 7.8 cd / A. Yes.
- a high-efficiency element with a wide gap that is considered to be capable of blue light emission
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 disclose materials in which two indole rings are symmetrically condensed at positions 1, 2, 6, and 7 of the pyrene ring. According to studies by the present inventors, these materials are disclosed. This material has insufficient blue purity, the chromaticity changes with driving deterioration in which the emission intensity decreases (hereinafter also referred to as driving chromaticity change), and the voltage rises with driving (hereinafter referred to as driving chromaticity change). The problem such as driving voltage rise) was also clarified.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems. That is, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescence device that emits dark blue light and has a small change in chromaticity and change in driving voltage even after long-time driving.
- the present inventors have intensively studied for the purpose of providing an organic electroluminescence device which emits dark blue light and can be driven at a low voltage even after being driven for a long time.
- the position of the pyrene skeleton at which the non-aromatic ring is condensed is referred to in Patent Document 1, and in this document, the long axis (1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8) of pyrene is mentioned.
- the ring is preferably condensed in the (position) direction, the reason and the detailed mechanism thereof have not been particularly explained.
- Patent Document 2 an exemplary compound having a structure in which a non-aromatic ring is condensed so as to connect the major axis direction and the minor axis (4, 5, 9, 10 position) of two molecules of pyrene [ [0119]
- a material for an organic electroluminescence device which is a dark blue light emission by changing the structure of the pyrene compound and has a low voltage after being driven for a long time, can be obtained from the conventional knowledge, is completely The actual situation was not made.
- the inventors of the present invention are dark blue light emission that could not be achieved by using a pyrene-based compound having a specific structure condensed in a specific direction as a light-emitting dopant for an element.
- a pyrene-based compound having a specific structure condensed in a specific direction as a light-emitting dopant for an element.
- an organic electroluminescence device that can be driven at a low voltage can be obtained.
- the skeleton of a compound having such a structure emits light at a short wavelength, and it is not necessary to introduce a substituent having a specific structure into the skeleton as in a conventionally known fluorescent light emitting material to shorten the wavelength. I understood it. That is, when the pyrene derivative which has a specific structure is used, it discovered that said subject could be solved and came to provide this invention described below.
- a substrate [1] a substrate; A pair of electrodes disposed on the substrate, including an anode and a cathode; And at least one organic layer including a light emitting layer disposed between the electrodes,
- An organic electroluminescence device comprising at least one compound represented by the following general formula (I) in any one of the at least one organic layer.
- R 1 to R 6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, but two adjacent ones of R 1 to R 6 are not connected to each other to form a ring.
- Q 1 and Q 2 each independently represents a 6-membered aromatic ring or a 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle.
- the 6-membered ring represented by Q 1 and Q 2 may be further condensed with a ring.
- X 1 to X 4 X 1 and X 4 represent a single bond
- X 2 and X 3 are each independently represented by any of CR 51 R 52 , NR 53 , O, S, and SiR 54 R 55.
- X 2 and X 3 represent a single bond
- X 1 and X 4 are each independently represented by any of CR 51 R 52 , NR 53 , O, S, SiR 54 R 55
- R 51 to R 55 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the general formula (I) satisfies at least one of the following conditions 1 and 2.
- Condition 1 The number of carbon atoms constituting the 6-membered aromatic ring of Q 1 or the 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle and the 6-membered aromatic ring of Q 2 or the 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic The number of carbon atoms constituting the heterocycle is different.
- Condition 2 The linking group represented by one of X 1 and X 2 is different from the linking group represented by one of X 3 and X 4 .
- [2] The organic electroluminescent element as described in [1], wherein the compound represented by the general formula (I) is a compound represented by the following general formula (II-1).
- R 11 to R 16 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, but two adjacent ones of R 11 to R 16 may be connected to each other to form a ring. There is no.
- Q 11 and Q 12 each independently represents a 6-membered aromatic ring or a 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle. The 6-membered ring represented by Q 11 and Q 12 may be further condensed with a ring.
- X 11 and X 14 each independently represent a linking group represented by any of CR 51 R 52 , NR 53 , O, S, and SiR 54 R 55 .
- R 51 to R 55 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the general formula (II-1) satisfies at least one of the following conditions 1 and 2.
- (Condition 1) the 6-membered aromatic ring or aromatic ring or a nitrogen-containing aromatic of the 6-membered said 6 membered the 6-membered carbon number and Q 12 constituting the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ring of the Q 11
- the number of carbon atoms constituting the heterocycle is different.
- (Condition 2) The linking group represented by X 11 is different from the linking group represented by X 14 . ]
- [3] The organic electroluminescent element as described in [2], wherein the compound represented by the general formula (II-1) is a compound represented by the following general formula (II-2).
- R 61 to R 66 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and two adjacent ones of R 61 to R 66 may be linked to each other to form a ring.
- R 67 to R 74 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and two adjacent ones of R 67 to R 74 may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure.
- the number is two or less.
- X 51 and X 54 each independently represent a linking group represented by any of CR 51 R 52 , NR 53 , O, S, and SiR 54 R 55 .
- R 51 to R 55 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the linking group represented by X 51 and the linking group represented by X 54 are different.
- X 51 and X 54 are each independently a linking group represented by any of CR 51 R 52 , NR 53 , and O
- the organic electroluminescent element of description [5]
- one of X 51 and X 54 is NR 53 , and the other is a linking group represented by either CR 51 R 52 or O.
- R 61 to R 74 and R 51 to R 55 is a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, a silyl group, an amino group, and a phenyl group containing or containing
- the organic electroluminescence device according to any one of [3] to [5], wherein the organic electroluminescence device is a substituent having any of a nitrogen aromatic 6-membered ring.
- R 21 to R 26 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, but two adjacent ones of R 21 to R 25 are connected to each other to form a ring.
- Q 21 and Q 22 each independently represents a 6-membered aromatic ring or a 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle.
- the 6-membered ring represented by Q 21 and Q 22 may be further condensed with a ring.
- X 22 and X 23 each independently represent a linking group represented by any of CR 51 R 52 , NR 53 , O, S, SiR 54 R 55 .
- R 51 to R 55 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the general formula (III-1) satisfies at least one of the following conditions 1 and 2.
- (Condition 1) the 6-membered aromatic ring or aromatic ring or a nitrogen-containing aromatic of the 6-membered said 6-membered carbon number and Q 22 constituting the nitrogen-containing aromatic hetero ring of said 6-membered of Q 21
- the number of carbon atoms constituting the heterocycle is different.
- (Condition 2) The linking group represented by X 22 and the linking group represented by X 23 are different.
- [8] The organic electroluminescence device as described in [7], wherein the compound represented by the general formula (III-1) is a compound represented by the following general formula (III-2).
- R 81 to R 86 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, but two adjacent ones of R 61 to R 66 may be linked to each other to form a ring.
- R 87 to R 94 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and adjacent two of R 87 to R 94 may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure.
- the number is two or less.
- X 51 and X 54 each independently represent a linking group represented by any of CR 51 R 52 , NR 53 , O, S, and SiR 54 R 55 .
- R 51 to R 55 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Linking group linking group and X 53 represents the X 52 represents different.
- X 52 and X 53 are each independently a linking group represented by any of CR 51 R 52 , NR 53 , and O
- the organic electroluminescent element of description [10]
- one of X 52 and X 53 is a linking group represented by NR 53 , and the other is represented by either CR 51 R 52 or O.
- R 81 to R 94 and R 51 to R 55 is a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, a silyl group, an amino group, and a phenyl group containing or containing
- the organic electroluminescence device according to any one of [8] to [10], wherein the organic electroluminescence device is a substituent having any one of a nitrogen aromatic 6-membered ring.
- R 31 to R 36 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, but two adjacent ones of R 31 to R 36 are not connected to each other to form a ring.
- R 37 to R 40 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and two adjacent ones of R 37 to R 40 may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure. The number is two or less.
- R 41 and R 42 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- a 1 to A 4 each independently represent CR 56 or N, and at least one represents N.
- R 56 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and when two adjacent ones of A 1 to A 4 are CR 56 , the two R 56 may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure; The number of rings formed thereby is 2 or less.
- X 31 represents a linking group represented by any of NR 53 , O, S, and SiR 54 R 55 .
- R 53 to R 55 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the organic electroluminescent element as described in [16], wherein the host material has a hydrocarbon condensed ring structure having 10 to 50 carbon atoms.
- the organic electroluminescent element as described in [16], wherein the host material has an anthracene skeleton.
- R 1 to R 6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, but two adjacent ones of R 1 to R 6 are not connected to each other to form a ring.
- Q 1 and Q 2 each independently represents a 6-membered aromatic ring or a 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle.
- the 6-membered ring represented by Q 1 and Q 2 may be further condensed with a ring.
- X 1 to X 4 X 1 and X 4 represent a single bond
- X 2 and X 3 are each independently represented by any of CR 51 R 52 , NR 53 , O, S, and SiR 54 R 55.
- R 51 to R 55 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the general formula (I) satisfies at least one of the following conditions 1 and 2.
- Condition 1 The number of carbon atoms constituting the 6-membered aromatic ring of Q 1 or the 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle and the 6-membered aromatic ring of Q 2 or the 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic The number of carbon atoms constituting the heterocycle is different.
- Condition 2 The linking group represented by one of X 1 and X 2 is different from the linking group represented by one of X 3 and X 4 . ]
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention emits dark blue light and has an advantageous effect of being driven at a low voltage even after being driven for a long time. Moreover, if the organic electroluminescent element material of the present invention is used, such an excellent organic electroluminescent element can be easily produced. Furthermore, the light emitting device, the display device, and the lighting device of the present invention have advantageous effects of low power consumption and excellent chromaticity, and are particularly suitable for display applications.
- a numerical range represented by using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention comprises at least a substrate, a pair of electrodes including an anode and a cathode disposed on the substrate, and at least one organic layer including a light emitting layer disposed between the electrodes. is there.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention is characterized in that any organic layer contains at least one compound represented by the following general formula (I).
- R 1 to R 6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, but two adjacent ones of R 1 to R 6 are not connected to each other to form a ring.
- Q 1 and Q 2 each independently represents a 6-membered aromatic ring or a 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle. The 6-membered ring represented by Q 1 and Q 2 may be further condensed with a ring.
- X 1 to X 4 X 1 and X 4 represent a single bond
- X 2 and X 3 are each independently represented by any of CR 51 R 52 , NR 53 , O, S, and SiR 54 R 55.
- R 51 to R 55 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the general formula (I) satisfies at least one of the following conditions 1 and 2.
- Condition 1 The number of carbon atoms constituting the 6-membered aromatic ring of Q 1 or the 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle and the 6-membered aromatic ring of Q 2 or the 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic The number of carbon atoms constituting the heterocycle is different.
- Condition 2 The linking group represented by one of X 1 and X 2 is different from the linking group represented by one of X 3 and X 4 .
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention comprises a compound for an organic electroluminescent element represented by the general formula (I) (hereinafter, a luminescent material represented by the general formula (I), a luminescent material of the present invention, (Also referred to as compounds of the invention) are used as luminescent materials.
- a luminescent material represented by the general formula (I) a luminescent material of the present invention
- Also referred to as compounds of the invention are used as luminescent materials.
- the light emitting material of the present invention dark blue light emission can be obtained. This is because the conjugation length of the molecule and the length of the molecule contributing to electronic transition are appropriate, and the symmetry of the molecule is reduced by winding the ring asymmetrically with respect to the pyrene center, thereby suppressing the association between molecules. I guess because.
- the present invention can suppress not only good blue light emission but also a change in chromaticity after driving and a voltage increase during degradation.
- This is a structure in which molecules do not easily approach each other, so molecules that are driven and decomposed (molecular low-energy gap decomposition products trap charge, or high-energy gap decomposition products prevent charge transport It is speculated that this is due to the suppression of local aggregation.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention is stable against holes (oxidation) and electrons (reduction), has high charge injection / transport properties, and hardly forms an association between pyrene rings, Chemical reaction deterioration due to element driving is less likely to occur. For this reason, the chromaticity change due to drive deterioration hardly occurs.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) of the present invention is less likely to cause association between pyrene rings, a light emitting layer can be formed alone without using a host material.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) has a structure in which molecules are difficult to approach each other, is stable against holes (oxidation) and electrons (reduction), and does not easily cause chemical reaction deterioration due to element driving. For this reason, not only good blue light emission is exhibited but also a voltage increase during degradation can be suppressed. That is, in the light emitting material for the organic electroluminescence device represented by the general formula (I), the base skeleton itself contributes to the shortening of the wavelength, the change in chromaticity during driving, and the suppression of the voltage increase during degradation. is doing. Therefore, in the luminescent material represented by the general formula (I), the substituent of the mother skeleton is hardly limited, and the above effect can be obtained. However, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a specific substituent may be used to further reduce the wavelength and suppress the voltage rise during degradation.
- Q 1 and Q 2 each independently represent a 6-membered monocyclic aromatic ring or a 6-membered monocyclic nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle.
- 1 to 4 of the atoms constituting the ring skeleton are preferably heteroatoms, more preferably 1 to 3 are heteroatoms, and 1 or 2 More preferably, the atoms are heteroatoms.
- the hetero atom include a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom, and a nitrogen atom is preferable.
- a hydrogen atom or a substituent is bonded to the 6-membered aromatic ring and the 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle.
- substituent group A preferably an alkyl group (more preferably a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), an aryl group (more preferably 6 carbon atoms).
- heteroaryl groups preferably heteroaryl groups having 5 to 20 carbon atoms and containing any of N, O, and S as heteroatoms
- disubstituted amino groups more preferably dialkylamino groups, diaryls
- preferred ranges of alkyl and aryl are the same as the preferred ranges of alkyl and aryl described above
- halogeno groups preferably fluoro groups
- cyano groups and nitro groups.
- the substituent may be further substituted with any one or more substituents, and the preferred range of the substituents in this case is the same as defined above.
- Substituents may be linked to each other to form a ring structure, and the 6-membered aromatic ring and 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle may be further condensed with a ring. At this time, it is preferable that substituents bonded to adjacent ring constituent atoms are bonded to form a ring structure.
- the formed ring may be an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring, or may be a non-aromatic ring. Preferred is an aromatic ring such as a benzene ring.
- X 1 to X 4 in the general formula (I) X 1 and X 4 each represents a single bond, and X 2 and X 3 are each independently CR 51 R 52 , NR 53 , O, S, SiR 54 R 55 A linking group represented by any one of the above, or X 2 and X 3 each represents a single bond, and X 1 and X 4 each independently represent CR 51 R 52 , NR 53 , O, S, SiR 54 R 55.
- CR 51 R 52 or NR 53 is preferable from the viewpoint of a more preferable luminescent color.
- R 51 to R 55 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- R 51 , R 52 , R 54 and R 55 include the following substituent group A, and R 53 includes the following substituent group B.
- Substituent Group A (Substituent Group on Carbon Atom and Substituent Group on Silicon Atom)
- An alkyl group preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-hexadecyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.
- alkenyl groups preferably having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as vinyl , Allyl, 2-butenyl, 3-pentenyl, etc.
- alkynyl group (preferably having 2 to
- carbon atoms 0, particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, such as phenyl, p-methylphenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, etc.), amino groups (preferably 0 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 0 to 20 carbon atoms).
- Particularly preferably 0 to 10 carbon atoms such as amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, dibenzylamino, diphenylamino, ditolylamino, etc.
- an alkoxy group preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, Preferably it has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy, 2-ethylhexyloxy, etc.
- an aryloxy group preferably having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, More preferably, it has 6 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Xy 1-naphthyloxy, 2-naphthyloxy, etc.
- a heterocyclic oxy group preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- pyridyloxy, pyrazyloxy, pyrimidyloxy, quinolyloxy, etc. an acyl group (preferably having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms).
- Benzoyl, formyl, pivaloyl, etc. an alkoxycarbonyl group (preferably having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methoxycarbonyl, ethoxy Carbonyl, etc.), an aryloxycarbonyl group (preferably having a carbon number)
- the number of carbon atoms is 7 to 30, more preferably 7 to 20, and particularly preferably 7 to 12, and examples thereof include phenyloxycarbonyl.
- An acyloxy group (preferably having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as acetoxy, benzoyloxy, etc.), an acylamino group (preferably 2-30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2-20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2-10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include acetylamino, benzoylamino and the like, and alkoxycarbonylamino groups (preferably having 2-2 carbon atoms).
- an aryloxycarbonylamino group preferably having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 7 to 12 carbon atoms, such as phenyloxycarbonyl And sulfonylamino groups (preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methanesulfonylamino and benzenesulfonylamino).
- an aryloxycarbonylamino group preferably having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 7 to 12 carbon atoms, such as phenyloxycarbonyl And sulfonylamino groups (preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methanesulfonylamino and benzenesulfonylamino).
- a sulfamoyl group (preferably having 0 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 0 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 0 to 12 carbon atoms, such as sulfamoyl, methylsulfamoyl, dimethylsulfamoyl, phenyl Sulfamoyl, etc.), carbamoyl groups (preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as carbamoyl, methylcarbamoyl, diethylcarbamoyl, Phenylcarbamoyl etc.), alkylthio group ( Preferably, it has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methylthio, ethylthio, etc.), an arylthio group (preferably 6 to 30 carbon atoms).
- Rufinyl group (preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include methanesulfinyl and benzenesulfinyl. ), A ureido group (preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as ureido, methylureido, phenylureido, etc.), phosphoric acid An amide group (preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as diethyl phosphoric acid amide and phenyl phosphoric acid amide), a hydroxy group , Mercapto group, halogen atom (eg fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom), cyano group, sulfo group, carb
- Is for example, a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, phosphorus atom, silicon atom, selenium atom, tellurium atom, specifically pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, And isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, quinolyl, furyl, thienyl, selenophenyl, tellurophenyl, piperidyl, piperidino, morpholino, pyrrolidyl, pyrrolidino, benzoxazolyl, benzoimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, carbazolyl group, azepinyl group, silolyl group and the like.
- a silyl group (preferably having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 3 to 24 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include trimethylsilyl and triphenylsilyl);
- a aryloxy group (preferably having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 30 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 3 to 24 carbon atoms, such as trimethylsilyloxy, triphenylsilyloxy, etc.), phosphoryl group (for example, A diphenylphosphoryl group, a dimethylphosphoryl group, etc.).
- These substituents may be further substituted, and examples of the further substituent include a group selected from the substituent group A described above.
- the substituent substituted by the substituent may be further substituted, and examples of the further substituent include a group selected from the substituent group A described above.
- the substituent substituted by the substituent substituted by the substituent may be further substituted, and examples of the further substituent include a group selected from the substituent group A described above.
- Substituent Group B (Substituent Group on Nitrogen Atom)
- An alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, n-octyl, n-decyl, n-hexadecyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc.), alkenyl groups (preferably having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as vinyl , Allyl, 2-butenyl, 3-pentenyl, etc.), alkynyl group (preferably having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as propargyl , 3-pentynyl, etc.
- hetero atom 0, particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, including, for example, phenyl, p-methylphenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, etc.), cyano group, heterocyclic group (including aromatic heterocyclic group, preferably carbon
- the hetero atom is, for example, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a phosphorus atom, a silicon atom, a selenium atom, or a tellurium atom, specifically, pyridyl.
- the substituent substituted by the substituent may be further substituted, and examples of the further substituent include a group selected from the substituent group B described above.
- the substituent substituted by the substituent substituted by the substituent may be further substituted, and examples of the further substituent include a group selected from the substituent group B described above.
- R 51 , R 52 , R 54 and R 55 are preferably an alkyl group (more preferably a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms) or an aryl group (more preferably an aryl having 6 to 14 carbon atoms). Group), a heteroaryl group (preferably a heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms and containing any of N, O, and S as a heteroatom). Among these, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms are more preferable. From the viewpoint of ease of synthesis, R 51 and R 52 are preferably the same.
- R 53 is preferably a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms, or 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and any one of N, O, and S as a heteroatom is 1 More preferably, it is any one of two or more heteroaryl groups. More preferred is an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms, 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and a heteroaryl group containing one or more of N, O, and S as heteroatoms.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) is associated with a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, a silyl group, an amino group, and a phenyl group or a nitrogen-containing aromatic 6-membered ring having these in the molecule. It is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing light emission. Particularly preferred specific examples of a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, a silyl group, an amino group, and a phenyl group or nitrogen-containing aromatic 6-membered ring having these in the molecule are shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) satisfies at least one of condition 1 and condition 2.
- condition 1 The number of carbon atoms constituting the 6-membered aromatic ring of Q 1 or the 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle and the 6-membered aromatic ring of Q 2 or the 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic The number of carbon atoms constituting the heterocycle is different.
- Condition 2 The linking group represented by one of X 1 and X 2 is different from the linking group represented by one of X 3 and X 4 .
- the carbon number referred to in Condition 1 is the number of carbon atoms constituting the ring skeleton of the six-membered aromatic ring or the number of carbon atoms constituting the ring skeleton of the six-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle, and is bonded to these rings.
- the number of carbon atoms constituting the ring skeleton of the entire condensed ring formed by bonding a plurality of substituents to each other is not.
- the number of carbon atoms constituting one ring of Q 1 and Q 2 is 6 and the number of carbon atoms constituting the other ring is 5 (For example, benzene ring and pyridine ring), when the number of carbon atoms constituting one ring is 6 and the number of carbon atoms constituting the other ring is 4 (for example, benzene ring and pyrimidine ring), the number of carbon atoms constituting one ring And the number of carbon atoms constituting the other ring is 4 (for example, a pyridine ring and a pyrimidine ring).
- the difference in the number of carbon atoms constituting the ring of Q 1 and Q 2 is preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 or 2.
- one of X 1 and X 2 represents a linking group represented by one of X 3 and X 4
- one is CR 51 R 52 and the other is S one is CR 51 R 52 and the other is SiR 54 R 55
- one is NR 53 and the other is O
- one is NR 53 and the other is S one is NR 53 and the other is SiR 54 R 55
- the case where one is O and the other is S can be exemplified.
- the linking group is preferably a combination of X 1 and X 4 or a combination of X 2 and X 3 .
- a compound satisfying both condition 1 and condition 2 is more preferable, and when such a compound is used, a greater effect of the present invention can be obtained.
- R 1 to R 6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- substituent herein include the aforementioned substituent group A.
- R 1 to R 6 are preferably an alkyl group (more preferably a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), an aryl group (more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms), a heteroaryl group (Preferably a heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms and containing any of N, O and S as a hetero atom), a disubstituted amino group (more preferably a dialkylamino group and a diarylamino group, in this case alkyl,
- the preferred range of aryl is the same as the preferred range of alkyl and aryl for R 1 to R 8 ), a halogeno group (preferably a fluoro group), a cyano group, and a nitro group.
- R 1 to R 6 are preferably a substituent represented by any of the following general formulas.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represents an aryl group, and Ar 3 represents a divalent arylene group.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenyl or naphthyl, and more preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenyl.
- Ar 3 is preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenylene or naphthylene, more preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenylene, and most preferably substituted or unsubstituted p-phenylene.
- R 1 to R 6 may be hydrogen atoms. It is preferable that 0 to 4 of R 1 to R 6 are substituents, more preferably 0 to 2 are substituents, and still more preferably 0 or 1 is a substituent.
- R 1 to R 6 bonded to adjacent ring skeleton atoms are not connected to each other to form a ring.
- the term “ring” as used herein includes both a case where an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring is newly condensed or a case where a non-aromatic ring is formed. Specific examples of the non-aromatic ring mentioned here include the following structures.
- each X is independently a heteroatom, and examples of the heteroatom include a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom.
- Each A is independently CR 51 R 52 or NR 53 , and the definitions of R 51 to R 53 are as described above.
- the light emitting material represented by the general formula (I) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (II-1).
- Formula (II-1) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (II-1).
- R 11 to R 16 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, but two adjacent ones of R 11 to R 16 may be connected to each other to form a ring.
- Q 11 and Q 12 each independently represents a 6-membered aromatic ring or a 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle. The 6-membered ring represented by Q 11 and Q 12 may be further condensed with a ring.
- X 11 and X 14 each independently represent a linking group represented by any of CR 51 R 52 , NR 53 , O, S, and SiR 54 R 55 .
- R 51 to R 55 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the general formula (II-1) satisfies at least one of the following conditions 1 and 2.
- (Condition 1) the 6-membered aromatic ring or aromatic ring or a nitrogen-containing aromatic of the 6-membered said 6 membered the 6-membered carbon number and Q 12 constituting the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ring of the Q 11
- the number of carbon atoms constituting the heterocycle is different.
- (Condition 2) The linking group represented by X 11 is different from the linking group represented by X 14 .
- R 11 to R 16 , Q 11 and Q 12 in the general formula (II-1) are the same as the preferred ranges of R 1 to R 6 , Q 1 and Q 2 in the general formula (I).
- the preferred range of the linking group represented by X 11 and X 14 in the general formula (II-1) is the same as the preferred range of the linking group represented by X 1 to X 4 in the general formula (I).
- the compound represented by the general formula (II-1) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (II-2).
- Formula (II-2) In the general formula (II-2), R 61 to R 66 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and two adjacent ones of R 61 to R 66 are connected to each other to form a ring. Absent.
- R 67 to R 74 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and two adjacent ones of R 67 to R 74 may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure. The number is two or less.
- X 51 and X 54 each independently represent a linking group represented by any of CR 51 R 52 , NR 53 , O, S, and SiR 54 R 55 .
- R 51 to R 55 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the linking group represented by X 51 and the linking group represented by X 54 are different.
- R 61 to R 66 in general formula (II-2) is the same as the preferred range of R 1 to R 6 in general formula (I).
- R 67 to R 74 in the general formula (II-2) can represent a substituent that R 61 to R 66 can take.
- the ring structure may be an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring, or may be a non-aromatic ring.
- the formed ring structure is a monocyclic structure or a bicyclic structure.
- the preferred range of the linking group represented by X 51 and X 54 in formula (II-2) is the same as the preferred range of the linking group represented by X 1 to X 4 in formula (I).
- the general formula (II-2) is more preferably the following embodiment.
- X 51 and X 54 is a linking group represented by any one of the CR 51 R 52, NR 53, O independently of X 51 and X 54 It is particularly preferred that one of them is NR 53 and the other is a linking group represented by either CR 51 R 52 or O.
- R 61 to R 74 and R 51 to R 55 is a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, a silyl group, an amino group, and a phenyl group or nitrogen-containing aromatic group having these.
- a substituent having any of 6-membered rings is preferred, and examples of the substituent having any of the fluorine atom, alkyl group, silyl group, and amino group include a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, This is the same as the particularly preferred specific examples of the silyl group, amino group, and phenyl group or nitrogen-containing aromatic 6-membered ring having these.
- the light emitting material represented by the general formula (I) is also preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (III-1).
- Formula (III-1) is also preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (III-1).
- R 21 to R 26 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, but two adjacent ones of R 21 to R 25 are connected to each other to form a ring.
- Q 21 and Q 22 each independently represents a 6-membered aromatic ring or a 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle. The 6-membered ring represented by Q 21 and Q 22 may be further condensed with a ring.
- X 22 and X 23 each independently represent a linking group represented by any of CR 51 R 52 , NR 53 , O, S, SiR 54 R 55 .
- R 51 to R 55 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the general formula (III-1) satisfies at least one of the following conditions 1 and 2.
- R 21 to R 26 , Q 21 and Q 22 in the general formula (III-1) are the same as the preferred ranges of R 1 to R 6 , Q 1 and Q 2 in the general formula (I).
- the preferred range of the linking group represented by X 21 and X 24 in formula (III-1) is the same as the preferred range of the linking group represented by X 1 to X 4 in formula (I).
- the compound represented by the general formula (III-1) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (III-2).
- Formula (III-2) In the general formula (III-2), R 81 to R 86 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, but two adjacent ones of R 61 to R 66 may be connected to each other to form a ring. Absent.
- R 87 to R 94 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and adjacent two of R 87 to R 94 may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure. The number is two or less.
- X 51 and X 54 each independently represent a linking group represented by any of CR 51 R 52 , NR 53 , O, S, and SiR 54 R 55 .
- R 51 to R 55 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Linking group linking group and X 53 represents the X 52 represents different.
- R 81 to R 86 in the general formula (III-2) is the same as the preferred range of R 1 to R 6 in the general formula (I).
- R 87 to R 94 in the general formula (II-2) can represent substituents that R 81 to R 86 can take.
- the ring structure may be an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring, or may be a non-aromatic ring.
- the formed ring structure is a monocyclic structure or a bicyclic structure.
- the preferred range of the linking group represented by X 52 and X 53 in formula (III-2) is the same as the preferred range of the linking group represented by X 1 to X 4 in formula (I).
- the general formula (III-2) is more preferably the following embodiment.
- X 52 and X 53 is a linking group represented by any one of the CR 51 R 52, NR 53, O independently of X 52 and X 53 It is particularly preferable that one of them is NR 53 and the other is a linking group represented by either CR 51 R 52 or O.
- R 81 to R 94 and R 51 to R 55 is a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, a silyl group, an amino group, and a phenyl group or nitrogen-containing aromatic group having these.
- a substituent having any of 6-membered rings is preferable, and examples of the substituent having any of the fluorine atom, alkyl group, silyl group, and amino group include a fluorine atom, an alkyl group, This is the same as the particularly preferred specific examples of the silyl group, amino group, and phenyl group or nitrogen-containing aromatic 6-membered ring having these.
- the light emitting material represented by the general formula (I) is also preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (IV).
- R 31 to R 36 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, but two adjacent ones of R 31 to R 36 are not connected to each other to form a ring.
- R 37 to R 40 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and two adjacent ones of R 37 to R 40 may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure. The number is two or less.
- R 41 and R 42 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- a 1 to A 4 each independently represent CR 56 or N, and at least one represents N.
- R 56 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and when two adjacent ones of A 1 to A 4 are CR 56 , the two R 56 may be bonded to each other to form a ring structure; The number of rings formed thereby is 2 or less.
- X 31 represents a linking group represented by any of NR 53 , O, S, and SiR 54 R 55 .
- R 53 to R 55 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- R 31 to R 36 in the general formula (IV) is the same as the preferred range of R 1 to R 6 in the general formula (I).
- R 37 to R 40 in the general formula (IV) can represent substituents that R 31 to R 36 can take.
- the ring structure may be an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring, or may be a non-aromatic ring.
- the formed ring structure is a monocyclic structure or a bicyclic structure.
- R 41 and R 42 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and the preferred range of the substituent is the same as the preferred range of R 1 to R 6 in formula (I).
- the preferred range of the linking group represented by X 31 in the general formula (IV) is the same as the preferred range of the linking group represented by X 1 to X 4 in the general formula (I).
- a 1 to A 4 each independently represents CR 56 or N.
- the number of N is preferably 0 to 2, more preferably 0 or 1, and particularly preferably 0. That is, a preferred example is when A 1 to A 4 are all CR 56 .
- CR 56 represents a constituent atom of the ring of the luminescent material represented by the general formula (I), and R 56 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent bonded to the carbon atom. The substituent here may be further substituted with a substituent. Examples of R 56 include the substituent group A described above.
- R 56 represents an alkyl group (more preferably a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), an aryl group (more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms), a heteroaryl group (preferably a carbon number). 5 to 20, a heteroaryl group containing any one of N, O and S as a heteroatom), a disubstituted amino group (more preferably a dialkylamino group and a diarylamino group.
- the alkyl group and the aryl group A preferable range is the same as the preferable range of the alkyl group and aryl group in R 1 ), a halogeno group (preferably a fluoro group), a cyano group, and a nitro group.
- R 56 bonded to adjacent carbon atoms may be bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure.
- an aryl group (more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms), a heteroaryl group (preferably a carbon atom having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, and any one of N, O, and S as a hetero atom) Group), and an aryl group is more preferable.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) can be synthesized by combining known reactions.
- synthesizing a compound in which Q 1 and Q 2 in the general formula (I) are different for example, it can be synthesized by the following scheme in which a Q 1 site and a Q 2 site are sequentially introduced.
- the synthesized compound is preferably purified by sublimation purification after purification by column chromatography, recrystallization or the like.
- sublimation purification not only can organic impurities be separated, but inorganic salts and residual solvents can be effectively removed.
- the maximum emission wavelength is preferably less than 460 nm, more preferably from 400 nm to less than 460 nm, and more preferably from 420 nm to less than 460 nm. Is particularly preferably 430 nm or more and less than 460 nm, and most preferably 440 nm or more and less than 460 nm.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention comprises a substrate, a pair of electrodes disposed on the substrate and including an anode and a cathode, and at least one organic layer including a light emitting layer disposed between the electrodes, Any one of the organic layers contains the compound represented by the general formula (I).
- the structure of the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention is not particularly limited. In FIG. 1, an example of a structure of the organic electroluminescent element of this invention is shown. 1 has an organic layer on a substrate 2 between a pair of electrodes (anode 3 and cathode 9).
- the element configuration of the organic electroluminescent element, the substrate, the cathode and the anode are described in detail in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-270736, and the matters described therein can be applied to the present invention.
- the preferable aspect of the organic electroluminescent element of this invention is demonstrated in detail in order of a board
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention has a substrate.
- the substrate used in the present invention is preferably a substrate that does not scatter or attenuate light emitted from the organic layer.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention is disposed on the substrate and has a pair of electrodes including an anode and a cathode.
- a pair of electrodes including an anode and a cathode.
- at least one of the pair of electrodes, the anode and the cathode is preferably transparent or translucent.
- the anode usually has a function as an electrode for supplying holes to the organic layer, and there is no particular limitation on the shape, structure, size, etc., depending on the use and purpose of the light emitting element, It can select suitably from well-known electrode materials.
- the anode is usually provided as a transparent anode.
- the cathode usually has a function as an electrode for injecting electrons into the organic layer, and there is no particular limitation on the shape, structure, size, etc., and it is known depending on the use and purpose of the light-emitting element.
- the electrode material can be selected as appropriate.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention has one or a plurality of organic layers disposed between the electrodes, and the organic layer includes a light emitting layer, and the light emitting layer includes a host material and at least one general formula ( And a light emitting material represented by I).
- the organic layer is formed on the entire surface or one surface of the transparent electrode or the semitransparent electrode.
- the organic layer includes a light emitting layer.
- the organic layer preferably includes a charge transport layer.
- the charge transport layer refers to a layer in which charge transfer occurs when a voltage is applied to the organic electroluminescent element. Specific examples include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron block layer, a light emitting layer, a hole block layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. If the charge transport layer is a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron block layer, or a light emitting layer, it is possible to manufacture an organic electroluminescent element with low cost and high efficiency.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) is contained in at least one of one or more organic layers disposed between the electrodes of the organic electroluminescent element.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) is preferably contained in the light emitting layer.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) may be contained in an organic layer other than the light emitting layer of the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention as long as it is not contrary to the gist of the present invention.
- the organic layer other than the light emitting layer that may contain the compound represented by the general formula (I) includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, an exciton block layer, a charge Block layer (hole block layer, electron block layer, etc.) can be mentioned, preferably exciton block layer, charge block layer, electron transport layer, electron injection layer, more preferably exciton block A layer, a charge blocking layer, or an electron transporting layer.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) when the compound represented by the general formula (I) is contained in the light emitting layer, the compound represented by the general formula (I) may be contained in an amount of 0.1 to 100% by mass with respect to the total mass of the light emitting layer. Preferably, it is contained in an amount of 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 2 to 20% by mass.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) is contained in an organic layer other than the light emitting layer, the compound represented by the general formula (I) is contained in an amount of 70 to 100% by mass with respect to the total mass of the organic layer.
- the content is preferably 80 to 100% by mass, more preferably 90 to 100% by mass.
- each organic layer is formed by a dry film forming method such as a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method, a wet film forming method such as a transfer method, a printing method, a spin coating method, or a bar coating method (solution coating method). Any of these can be suitably formed.
- the organic layer disposed between the pair of electrodes is preferably formed by vapor deposition of a composition containing at least one compound represented by the general formula (I). .
- the light emitting layer receives holes from the anode, hole injection layer or hole transport layer and receives electrons from the cathode, electron injection layer or electron transport layer when an electric field is applied, and provides a field for recombination of holes and electrons. And a layer having a function of emitting light.
- the light emitting layer in the present invention is not necessarily limited to light emission by such a mechanism.
- the light emitting layer in the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention may be composed only of the light emitting material, or may be a mixed layer of a host material and the light emitting material.
- the kind of the light emitting material may be one kind or two kinds or more.
- the host material is preferably a charge transport material.
- the host material may be one kind or two or more kinds, and examples thereof include a configuration in which an electron transporting host material and a hole transporting host material are mixed.
- the light emitting layer may include a material that does not have charge transporting properties and does not emit light.
- the light emitting layer may be a single layer or a multilayer of two or more layers, and each layer may contain the same light emitting material or host material, or each layer may contain a different material. When there are a plurality of light emitting layers, each of the light emitting layers may emit light with different emission colors.
- the thickness of the light emitting layer is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 2 nm to 500 nm, and more preferably 3 nm to 200 nm, and more preferably 5 nm to 100 nm from the viewpoint of external quantum efficiency. More preferably.
- the light emitting layer contains a compound represented by the general formula (I), and the compound represented by the general formula (I) is used as a light emitting material of the light emitting layer.
- the host material is a compound mainly responsible for charge injection and transport in the light emitting layer, and is a compound that itself does not substantially emit light.
- substantially does not emit light means that the amount of light emitted from the compound that does not substantially emit light is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less of the total amount of light emitted from the entire device. Preferably it says 1% or less.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) may be used as a host material of the light emitting layer.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) is a light emitting material. Even in this case, the light emitting material different from the compound represented by the general formula (I) is used. Can be used in combination.
- the general formula ( A light emitting material different from the compound represented by I) can be used for the light emitting layer.
- the light emitting material that can be used in the present invention is a fluorescent light emitting material.
- the light emitting layer in the present invention can contain two or more kinds of light emitting materials in order to improve color purity or broaden the light emission wavelength region.
- Examples of the fluorescent light-emitting material that can be used in the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention include, for example, paragraph numbers [0100] to [0164] of JP-A-2008-270736 and paragraph number [0088] of JP-A-2007-266458. ] To [0090], and the matters described in these publications can be applied to the present invention.
- the type of fluorescent light-emitting material that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the light emitting layer in the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention may be composed of only a light emitting material, or may be a mixed layer of a host material and a light emitting material.
- the kind of the light emitting material may be one kind or two or more kinds.
- the host material is preferably a charge transport material.
- the host material may be one kind or two or more kinds, and examples thereof include a configuration in which an electron transporting host material and a hole transporting host material are mixed.
- the light emitting layer may contain a material that does not have charge transporting properties and does not emit light.
- the light emitting layer may be a single layer or a multilayer of two or more layers, and each layer may contain the same light emitting material or host material, or each layer may contain a different material. When there are a plurality of light emitting layers, each of the light emitting layers may emit light with different emission colors.
- the host material is a compound mainly responsible for charge injection and transport in the light emitting layer, and itself is a compound that does not substantially emit light.
- substantially does not emit light means that the amount of light emitted from the compound that does not substantially emit light is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less of the total amount of light emitted from the entire device. It means that it is preferably 1% or less.
- Examples of the host material that can be used in the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention include the following compounds. Pyrrole, indole, carbazole, azaindole, azacarbazole, triazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, pyrazole, imidazole, thiophene, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, furan, benzofuran, dibenzofuran, polyarylalkane, pyrazoline, pyrazolone, phenylenediamine, aryl Amines, amino-substituted chalcones, styrylanthracenes, fluorenones, hydrazones, stilbenes, silazanes, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, styrylamine compounds, porphyrin compounds, condensed aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, triphenylene, etc.) , Polys
- JP2010-111620A compounds described in [0081] and [0083] of JP2010-111620A can also be used.
- carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuran, arylamine, a condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbon compound, and a metal complex are preferable, and a condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbon compound is particularly preferable because it is stable.
- a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon compound a naphthalene compound, an anthracene compound, a phenanthrene compound, a triphenylene compound, and a pyrene compound are preferable, an anthracene compound and a pyrene compound are more preferable, and an anthracene compound is particularly preferable.
- the anthracene compounds those described in [0033] to [0064] of WO2010 / 134350 are particularly preferable, and examples thereof include compounds H-1 and H-2 described later.
- the host material contained in the light emitting layer preferably has a hydrocarbon condensed ring structure having 10 to 50 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon condensed ring structure having 10 to 50 carbon atoms is preferably naphthalene, phenanthrene, benzo [c] phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, triphenylene and chrysene, more preferably naphthalene, phenanthrene, benzo [c] phenanthrene and anthracene, Is most preferred. That is, it is more preferable that the hydrocarbon condensed ring structure having 10 to 50 carbon atoms of the host material is an anthracene skeleton. Further, the hydrocarbon condensed ring structure having 10 to 50 carbon atoms is particularly preferably a compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen or deuterium.
- the host material that can be used in the light emitting layer in the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention may be a hole transporting host material or an electron transporting host material.
- the singlet minimum excitation energy (S 1 energy) in the film state of the host material is preferably higher than the S 1 energy of the light emitting material in terms of color purity, light emission efficiency, and driving durability. It is preferable S 1 is greater than 0.1eV than S 1 of the light-emitting material of the host material, more preferably at least 0.2eV higher, and further preferably more than 0.3eV large.
- the host material for S 1 in the film state of the host material will be quench S 1 is smaller than the light emission of the light emitting material larger S 1 is obtained from the luminescent material.
- the content of the host compound in the light emitting layer in the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is 15 with respect to the total mass of the compound forming the light emitting layer from the viewpoint of light emission efficiency and driving voltage. It is preferable that the content be ⁇ 95% by mass.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) may be 50 to 99% by mass or less in the total host compounds. preferable.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention may have other layers other than the light emitting layer.
- Other organic layers other than the light emitting layer that the organic layer may have include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a block layer (hole block layer, exciton block layer, etc.), an electron transport layer, and the like. Is mentioned. Examples of the specific layer configuration include the following, but the present invention is not limited to these configurations.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention preferably includes (A) at least one organic layer preferably disposed between the anode and the light emitting layer.
- Examples of the organic layer (A) preferably disposed between the anode and the light emitting layer include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron block layer from the anode side.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention preferably includes (B) at least one organic layer preferably disposed between the cathode and the light emitting layer.
- Examples of the organic layer (B) preferably disposed between the cathode and the light emitting layer include an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, and a hole blocking layer from the cathode side.
- an example of a preferred embodiment of the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is the embodiment described in FIG. 1, and as the organic layer, a hole injection layer 4, a hole transport layer 5, from the anode 3 side, In this embodiment, the light emitting layer 6, the hole blocking layer 7, and the electron transport layer 8 are laminated in this order.
- the organic layer a hole injection layer 4, a hole transport layer 5, from the anode 3 side
- the light emitting layer 6, the hole blocking layer 7, and the electron transport layer 8 are laminated in this order.
- other layers other than the light emitting layer which may be included in the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention will be described.
- A-1 Hole injection layer, hole transport layer
- the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer are layers having a function of receiving holes from the anode or the anode side and transporting them to the cathode side.
- the light-emitting device of the present invention preferably includes at least one organic layer between the light-emitting layer and the anode.
- the organic layer includes the following general formula (Sa-1), general formula (Sb-1), general formula ( Among the compounds represented by Sc-1), it is preferable to contain at least one compound.
- X is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted group; Or an unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, wherein R S1 , R S2 , and R S3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, An unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms Aryloxy group, substituted or unsubsti
- Ar S3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- R S8 and R S9 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon, Represents a heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted condensed polycyclic group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, R S10 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted An aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted condensed polycyclic group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, R S11 and R S12.
- X represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom having 6 to It represents a 30 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- X is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenylene, and a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylene. More preferred is substituted or unsubstituted biphenylene.
- R S1 , R S2 and R S3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon
- a cyclic group, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group is represented.
- Adjacent R S1 , R S2 and R S3 may be bonded to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic ring.
- the saturated carbocycle or the unsaturated carbocycle include naphthalene, azulene, anthracene, fluorene, and phenalene.
- R S1 , R S2 and R S3 are preferably a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number.
- Ar S1 and Ar S2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Ar S1 and Ar S2 are preferably a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.
- R S4 , R S5 , R S6 and R S7 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number.
- saturated carbocycle or the unsaturated carbocycle examples include naphthalene, azulene, anthracene, fluorene, and phenalene.
- R S4 , R S5 , R S6 and R S7 are preferably a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted A condensed polycyclic group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms and a cyano group, more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- Ar S3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Ar S3 is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.
- R S8 and R S9 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, It represents a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted condensed polycyclic group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms.
- R S8 and R S9 are preferably a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group or a phenyl group. It is.
- R S10 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, It represents an unsubstituted condensed polycyclic group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms.
- R S10 is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably a phenyl group.
- R S11 and R S12 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon group having 6 to 30 aryl groups, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic rings having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted condensed polycyclic groups having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, It represents a hydroxy group, a cyano group, or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group.
- Adjacent R S11 and R S12 may be bonded to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated carbocycle.
- the saturated carbocycle or the unsaturated carbocycle include naphthalene, azulene, anthracene, fluorene, and phenalene.
- R S11 and R S12 are preferably a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Ar S4 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Y S1 and Y S2 represent substituted or unsubstituted alkylene having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Y S1 and Y S2 are preferably substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and more preferably substituted or unsubstituted phenylene.
- n is an integer of 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 3, more preferably 0 to 2, and still more preferably 0.
- m is an integer of 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 3, more preferably 0 to 2, and still more preferably 1.
- the general formula (Sa-1) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (Sa-2).
- R S1 , R S2 and R S3 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted,
- An unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom having 5 to 30 represents a condensed polycyclic group, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, and adjacent R S1 , R S2 , and R S3 are bonded to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated carbocycle.
- Q Sa each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Aryloxy group, substituted or unsubstituted represents an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group.
- R S1 , R S2 and R S3 have the same meanings as those in formula (Sa-1), and preferred ranges are also the same.
- Q Sa is independently hydrogen atom, cyano group, fluorine atom, alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted Or an unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group;
- Q Sa is preferably a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably A hydrogen
- the general formula (Sb-1) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (Sb-2).
- R S4 , R S5 , R S6 and R S7 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted carbon Represents a condensed polycyclic group of 5 to 30, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, and adjacent R S4 , R S5 , R S6 and R S7 are bonded to each other to form a saturated carbocyclic ring; Or an unsaturated carbocyclic ring, and Q Sb is a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, 6-30 aryloxy groups, substituted or Represents an un
- R S4 , R S5 , R S6 and R S7 have the same meanings as those in formula (Sb-1), and preferred ranges are also the same.
- Q Sa is a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted An aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group.
- Q Sa is preferably a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably A hydrogen atom and a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- the general formula (Sc-1) is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (Sc-2).
- R S8 and R S9 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon, Represents a heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted condensed polycyclic group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, R S10 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted An aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted condensed polycyclic group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms, R S11 and R S12.
- R S8 , R S9 , R S10 , R S11 and R S12 have the same meanings as those in formula (Sc-1), and preferred ranges are also the same.
- Q Sc is a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted An aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted amino group.
- Q Sc is preferably a hydrogen atom, a cyano group, a fluorine atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- the compound represented by the general formula (Sa-1), (Sb-1) or (Sc-1) can be synthesized by the method described in JP-A-2007-318101. After synthesis, purification by column chromatography, recrystallization, reprecipitation, etc., followed by purification by sublimation is preferred. Not only can organic impurities be separated by sublimation purification, but inorganic salts, residual solvents, moisture, and the like can be effectively removed.
- the compound represented by the general formula (Sa-1), (Sb-1) or (Sc-1) is contained in an organic layer between the light emitting layer and the anode. Among them, it is more preferable that it be contained in the layer on the anode side adjacent to the light emitting layer, and it is particularly preferable that the hole transport material be contained in the hole transport layer.
- the compound represented by the general formula (Sa-1), (Sb-1) or (Sc-1) is preferably contained in an amount of 70 to 100% by mass with respect to the total mass of the organic layer to be added, It is more preferable that 100 mass% is contained.
- the hole injection layer preferably contains an electron accepting dopant.
- an electron-accepting dopant may be any organic material or inorganic material as long as it can extract electrons from the doped material and generate radical cations.
- TCNQ tetracyanoquinodimethane
- F 4 -TCNQ tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane
- molybdenum oxide and the like.
- the electron-accepting dopant in the hole injection layer is preferably contained in an amount of 0.01 to 50% by mass, preferably 0.1 to 40% by mass with respect to the total mass of the compound forming the hole injection layer.
- the content is more preferably 0.2 to 30% by mass.
- the electron blocking layer is a layer having a function of preventing electrons transported from the cathode side to the light emitting layer from passing through to the anode side.
- an electron blocking layer can be provided as an organic layer adjacent to the light emitting layer on the anode side.
- the organic compound constituting the electron blocking layer for example, those mentioned as the hole transport material described above can be applied.
- the thickness of the electron blocking layer is preferably 1 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 3 nm to 100 nm, and even more preferably 5 nm to 50 nm.
- the electron blocking layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above-described materials, or may have a multilayer structure composed of a plurality of layers having the same composition or different compositions.
- the material used for the electron blocking layer is preferably higher than the S 1 energy of the light emitting material in terms of color purity, light emission efficiency, and driving durability. It is preferable S 1 is greater than 0.1eV than S 1 of the light-emitting material in the film state of the material used for the electron blocking layer, it is more preferably at least 0.2eV higher, and further preferably more than 0.3eV large.
- the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer are layers having a function of receiving electrons from the cathode or the cathode side and transporting them to the anode side.
- the electron injection material and the electron transport material used for these layers may be a low molecular compound or a high molecular compound.
- As the electron transport material for example, a compound represented by the general formula (I) can be used.
- electron transport materials include pyridine derivatives, quinoline derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives, pyrazine derivatives, phthalazine derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, triazine derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, imidazopyridine derivatives.
- the thicknesses of the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer are each preferably 500 nm or less from the viewpoint of lowering the driving voltage.
- the thickness of the electron transport layer is preferably 1 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 5 nm to 200 nm, and still more preferably 10 nm to 100 nm.
- the thickness of the electron injection layer is preferably from 0.1 nm to 200 nm, more preferably from 0.2 nm to 100 nm, and even more preferably from 0.5 nm to 50 nm.
- the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer may have a single layer structure composed of one or more of the above-described materials, or may have a multilayer structure composed of a plurality of layers having the same composition or different compositions.
- the electron injection layer preferably contains an electron donating dopant.
- an electron donating dopant may be any organic material or inorganic material as long as it can give electrons to the doped material and generate radical anions.
- TTF tetrathiafulvalene
- TTT dithiaimidazole compounds
- TTT tetrathianaphthacene
- bis- [1,3 diethyl-2-methyl-1,2-dihydrobenzimidazolyl] lithium, cesium and the like.
- the electron donating dopant in the electron injection layer is preferably contained in an amount of 0.01% by mass to 50% by mass, and 0.1% by mass to 40% by mass with respect to the total mass of the compound forming the electron injection layer. More preferably, the content is 0.5 to 30% by mass.
- the hole blocking layer is a layer having a function of preventing holes transported from the anode side to the light emitting layer from passing through to the cathode side.
- a hole blocking layer can be provided as an organic layer adjacent to the light emitting layer on the cathode side.
- the S 1 energy in the film state of the organic compound constituting the hole blocking layer is higher than the S 1 energy of the light emitting material in order to prevent the energy transfer of excitons generated in the light emitting layer and not to reduce the light emission efficiency. It is preferable.
- a compound represented by the general formula (I) can be used as an example of the organic compound constituting the hole blocking layer.
- Examples of other organic compounds constituting the hole blocking layer other than the compound represented by the general formula (I) include aluminum (III) bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinato) 4-phenylphenolate ( Aluminum complexes such as aluminum (III) bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinato) 4-phenylphenolate (abbreviated as Balq)), triazole derivatives, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline ( Phenanthroline derivatives such as 2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (abbreviated as BCP)) and the like.
- BCP 2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline
- the thickness of the hole blocking layer is preferably 1 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 3 nm to 100 nm, and even more preferably 5 nm to 50 nm.
- the hole blocking layer may have a single layer structure made of one or more of the materials described above, or may have a multilayer structure made of a plurality of layers having the same composition or different compositions.
- the material used for the hole blocking layer is preferably higher than the S 1 energy of the light emitting material in terms of color purity, light emission efficiency, and driving durability. It is preferable S 1 is greater than 0.1eV than S 1 of the light-emitting material in the film state of the material used in the hole blocking layer, it is more preferably at least 0.2eV higher, and further preferably more than 0.3eV large.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention is preferably disposed between the (B) cathode and the light emitting layer.
- a material particularly preferably used for the material of the organic layer a compound represented by the general formula (I), a compound represented by the following general formula (P-1), and a compound represented by the following general formula (O-1) Can be mentioned.
- the compound represented by the general formula (O-1) and the compound represented by the general formula (P-1) will be described.
- the organic electroluminescent device of the present invention preferably includes at least one organic layer between the light emitting layer and the cathode, and the organic layer contains at least one compound represented by the following general formula (O-1). It is preferable from the viewpoint of device efficiency and driving voltage.
- the general formula (O-1) will be described below.
- R O1 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or each independently .A O1 ⁇ A O4 representing the heteroaryl group, the C-R A or .R A representing the nitrogen atom Represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heteroaryl group, and a plurality of R A may be the same or different, L O1 represents a divalent to hexavalent linking group comprising an aryl ring or a heteroaryl ring; N O1 represents an integer of 2 to 6.
- R O1 represents an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 8 carbon atoms), an aryl group (preferably having 6 to 30 carbon atoms), or a heteroaryl group (preferably having 4 to 12 carbon atoms). It may have a substituent selected from group A.
- R O1 is preferably an aryl group or a heteroaryl group, more preferably an aryl group.
- Preferred substituents when the aryl group of R O1 has a substituent include an alkyl group, an aryl group or a cyano group, more preferably an alkyl group or an aryl group, and still more preferably an aryl group.
- the aryl group of R O1 When the aryl group of R O1 has a plurality of substituents, the plurality of substituents may be bonded to each other to form a 5- or 6-membered ring.
- the aryl group of R O1 is preferably a phenyl group which may have a substituent selected from the substituent group A, more preferably a phenyl group which may be substituted with an alkyl group or an aryl group, More preferred is an unsubstituted phenyl group or 2-phenylphenyl group.
- a O1 to A O4 each independently represent C—R A or a nitrogen atom.
- 0 to 2 are preferably nitrogen atoms, more preferably 0 or 1 is a nitrogen atom.
- all of A O1 ⁇ A O4 is C-R A, or A O1 be a nitrogen atom, is preferably A O2 ⁇ A O4 is C-R A, A O1 be a nitrogen atom, A O2 ⁇ More preferably, A O4 is C—R A , A O1 is a nitrogen atom, A O2 to A O4 are C—R A , and R A is all hydrogen atoms.
- R A represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 8 carbon atoms), an aryl group (preferably having 6 to 30 carbon atoms), or a heteroaryl group (preferably having 4 to 12 carbon atoms). It may have a substituent selected from the substituent group A.
- the plurality of R A may be the same or different.
- R A is preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- L O1 represents a divalent to hexavalent linking group consisting of an aryl ring (preferably having 6 to 30 carbon atoms) or a heteroaryl ring (preferably having 4 to 12 carbon atoms).
- L O1 is preferably an arylene group, heteroarylene group, aryltriyl group, or heteroaryltriyl group, more preferably a phenylene group, a biphenylene group, or a benzenetriyl group, still more preferably a biphenylene group, Or it is a benzenetriyl group.
- L O1 may have a substituent selected from the aforementioned substituent group A, and the alkyl group, aryl group, or cyano group is preferred as the substituent when it has a substituent. Specific examples of L O1 include the following.
- n O1 represents an integer of 2 to 6, preferably an integer of 2 to 4, more preferably 2 or 3. n O1 is most preferably 3 from the viewpoint of device efficiency, and most preferably 2 from the viewpoint of device durability.
- the compound represented by the general formula (O-1) has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 100 ° C. from the viewpoint of stable operation at high temperature storage, stable operation against high temperature driving, and heat generation during driving. It is preferably from ⁇ 300 ° C., more preferably from 120 ° C. to 300 ° C., still more preferably from 140 ° C. to 300 ° C.
- the compound represented by the general formula (O-1) can be synthesized by the method described in JP-A No. 2001-335776. After synthesis, purification by column chromatography, recrystallization, reprecipitation, etc., followed by purification by sublimation is preferred. Not only can organic impurities be separated by sublimation purification, but inorganic salts, residual solvents, moisture, and the like can be effectively removed.
- the compound represented by the general formula (O-1) is preferably contained in the organic layer between the light emitting layer and the cathode, but the layer on the cathode side adjacent to the light emitting layer. It is more preferable that it is contained.
- the compound represented by the general formula (O-1) is preferably contained in an amount of 70 to 100% by mass, and more preferably 85 to 100% by mass with respect to the total mass of the organic layer to be added.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention preferably contains at least one organic layer between the light emitting layer and the cathode, and contains at least one compound represented by the following general formula (P) in the organic layer. Is preferable from the viewpoints of element efficiency and driving voltage. Below, general formula (P) is demonstrated.
- R P represents an alkyl group (preferably having 1 to 8 carbon atoms), an aryl group (preferably having 6 to 30 carbon atoms), or a heteroaryl group (preferably having 4 to 12 carbon atoms). These may have a substituent selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
- nP represents an integer of 1 to 10, and when there are a plurality of R P , they may be the same or different. At least one of R P is a substituent represented by the following general formulas (P-1) to (P-3).
- R P1 to R P3 and R ′ P1 to R ′ P3 are an alkyl group (preferably having a carbon number of 1 to 8) and an aryl group (preferably having a carbon number of 6-30) or a heteroaryl group (preferably having 4 to 12 carbon atoms), which may have a substituent selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
- n P1 and n P2 are 0 to Represents an integer of 4, and when R P1 to R P3 and R ′ P1 to R ′ P3 are plural, they may be the same or different, and L P1 to L P3 each represents a single bond, an aryl ring or a heteroaryl ring Represents one of divalent linking groups consisting of: * represents a bonding position with the anthracene ring of the general formula (P).
- a preferable substituent other than the substituents represented by (P-1) to (P-3) is an aryl group, more preferably any one of a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group. And more preferably a naphthyl group.
- R P1 to R P3 and R ′ P1 to R ′ P3 are preferably either aryl groups or heteroaryl groups, more preferably aryl groups, still more preferably phenyl groups, biphenyl groups, terphenyl groups, It is either a naphthyl group, most preferably a phenyl group.
- L P1 to L P3 are preferably a single bond or a divalent linking group consisting of an aryl ring, more preferably a single bond, phenylene, biphenylene, terphenylene or naphthylene, and still more preferably It is either a single bond, phenylene, or naphthylene.
- the compound represented by the general formula (P) can be synthesized by the methods described in WO2003 / 060956, WO2004 / 080975 and the like. After synthesis, purification by column chromatography, recrystallization, reprecipitation, etc., followed by purification by sublimation is preferred. Not only can organic impurities be separated by sublimation purification, but inorganic salts, residual solvents, moisture, and the like can be effectively removed.
- the compound represented by the general formula (P) is preferably contained in the organic layer between the light emitting layer and the cathode, but may be contained in a layer adjacent to the cathode. More preferred.
- the compound represented by the general formula (P) is preferably contained in an amount of 70 to 100% by mass, and more preferably 85 to 100% by mass with respect to the total mass of the organic layer to be added.
- other preferable materials used for the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer include, for example, silole compounds described in JP-A-9-194487 and phosphine oxide described in JP-A-2006-73581 Compounds, nitrogen-containing aromatic hetero 6-membered ring compounds described in JP-A-2005-276801, JP-A-2006-225320, WO 2005/085387, etc., nitrogen-containing aromatic hetero 6-membered structures described in WO 2003/080760, WO 2005/085387, etc.
- aromatic hydrocarbon compounds naphthalene compounds, anthracene compounds, triphenylene compounds, phenanthrene compounds, pyrenes described in US2009 / 0009065, WO2010 / 134350, JP2010-535806, etc.
- Compounds, fluoranthene compounds, etc. Compounds, fluoranthene compounds, etc.), and the like.
- the entire organic electric field element may be protected by a protective layer.
- the protective layer the matters described in JP-A-2008-270736, paragraphs [0169] to [0170] can be applied to the present invention.
- the material of the protective layer may be an inorganic material or an organic material.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention may be sealed entirely using a sealing container.
- the sealing container the matters described in paragraph [0171] of JP-A-2008-270736 can be applied to the present invention.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention emits light by applying a direct current (which may include an alternating current component as necessary) voltage (usually 2 to 15 volts) or a direct current between the anode and the cathode.
- a direct current which may include an alternating current component as necessary
- the driving method of the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is described in JP-A-2-148687, JP-A-6-301355, JP-A-5-29080, JP-A-7-134558, JP-A-8-234585, and JP-A-8-2441047.
- the driving methods described in each publication, Japanese Patent No. 2,784,615, US Pat. Nos. 5,828,429 and 6,023,308 can be applied.
- the external quantum efficiency of the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 6% or more, and further preferably 7% or more.
- the value of the external quantum efficiency should be the maximum value of the external quantum efficiency when the device is driven at 20 ° C., or the value of the external quantum efficiency around 300 to 400 cd / m 2 when the device is driven at 20 ° C. Can do.
- the internal quantum efficiency of the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more, and further preferably 70% or more.
- the internal quantum efficiency of the device is calculated by dividing the external quantum efficiency by the light extraction efficiency. In a normal organic EL element, the light extraction efficiency is about 20%.
- the emission wavelength of the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is the same as the maximum emission wavelength of the material for an organic electroluminescence device of the present invention, and is used for blue light emission among the three primary colors of light.
- blue light is emitted using the compound represented by the general formula (I) as a light emitting material.
- the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention can be suitably used for a display element, a display, a backlight, an electrophotography, an illumination light source, a recording light source, an exposure light source, a reading light source, a sign, a signboard, an interior, or optical communication.
- a device that is driven in a region where light emission luminance is high such as a light emitting device, a lighting device, and a display device.
- the light emitting device of the present invention includes the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention. Next, the light emitting device of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the light emitting device of the present invention uses the organic electroluminescent element.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the light emitting device of the present invention.
- the light emitting device 20 in FIG. 2 includes a transparent substrate (supporting substrate) 2, an organic electroluminescent element 10, a sealing container 16, and the like.
- the organic electroluminescent device 10 is configured by sequentially laminating an anode (first electrode) 3, an organic layer 11, and a cathode (second electrode) 9 on a substrate 2.
- a protective layer 12 is laminated on the cathode 9, and a sealing container 16 is provided on the protective layer 12 with an adhesive layer 14 interposed therebetween.
- a part of each electrode 3 and 9, a partition, an insulating layer, etc. are abbreviate
- the adhesive layer 14 a photocurable adhesive such as an epoxy resin or a thermosetting adhesive can be used, and for example, a thermosetting adhesive sheet can also be used.
- the use of the light-emitting device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be a display device such as a television, a personal computer, a mobile phone, and electronic paper in addition to a lighting device.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the illumination device of the present invention.
- the illumination device 40 of the present invention includes the organic EL element 10 and the light scattering member 30 described above. More specifically, the lighting device 40 is configured such that the substrate 2 of the organic EL element 10 and the light scattering member 30 are in contact with each other.
- the light scattering member 30 is not particularly limited as long as it can scatter light.
- the light scattering member 30 is a member in which fine particles 32 are dispersed on a transparent substrate 31.
- a glass substrate can be preferably cited.
- the fine particles 32 transparent resin fine particles can be preferably exemplified.
- the glass substrate and the transparent resin fine particles known ones can be used. In such an illuminating device 40, when light emitted from the organic electroluminescent element 10 is incident on the light incident surface 30A of the scattering member 30, the incident light is scattered by the light scattering member 30, and the scattered light is emitted from the light emitting surface 30B. It is emitted as illumination light.
- the display device of the present invention includes the organic electroluminescent element of the present invention.
- Examples of the display device of the present invention include a display device such as a television, a personal computer, a mobile phone, and electronic paper.
- Synthesis Example 1 The compound represented by the general formula (I) can be synthesized by combining the methods described in this specification and other known reactions. Hereinafter, representative examples of specific synthesis procedures of the compound represented by the general formula (I) will be described. Synthesis Example 1 Synthesis of Compound 1
- Synthesis Intermediate 3 was synthesized according to the above synthesis scheme with reference to known literature. In the synthesis of Synthesis Intermediate 2, Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 1623-1626. In the synthesis of synthesis intermediate 3, J. et al. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 581-590. Was referenced. Subsequently, Compound 1 was synthesized by the following method.
- a glass substrate having a thickness of 0.5 mm and a 2.5 cm square ITO film (manufactured by Geomat Co., Ltd., surface resistance 10 ⁇ / ⁇ ) is placed in a cleaning container, ultrasonically cleaned in 2-propanol, and then subjected to UV-ozone treatment for 30 minutes. Went.
- the following organic compound layers were sequentially deposited on the transparent anode (ITO film) by vacuum deposition.
- First layer HAT-CN: film thickness 10 nm
- Second layer HT-1: film thickness 30 nm
- Third layer H-2 and luminescent materials described in Table 1 (mass ratio 96: 4): film thickness 30 nm
- Fourth layer ET-1: film thickness 30 nm
- 1 nm of lithium fluoride and 100 nm of metal aluminum were vapor-deposited in this order, and it was set as the cathode.
- the obtained laminate is put in a glove box substituted with nitrogen gas without being exposed to the atmosphere, and a glass sealing can and an ultraviolet curing adhesive (XNR5516HV, manufactured by Nagase Ciba Co., Ltd.) are used.
- organic electroluminescent elements 1-1 to 1-10 having a light emitting portion of 2 mm ⁇ 2 mm square and comparative organic electroluminescent elements 1-1 to 1-7 were obtained.
- the following tests were conducted on each of the obtained organic electroluminescent elements.
- Table 1 below shows the results of evaluation in terms of changes in luminous efficiency, color purity, and driving chromaticity.
- the voltage increase value was evaluated in the following two stages when the luminance was reduced to 500 cd / m 2 by continuously applying the direct current voltage so as to emit light. ⁇ : Less than 1.5V ⁇ : 1.5V or more and less than 2.5V ⁇ : 2.5V or more
- Example 2 An organic electroluminescent element was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the layer configuration was changed to the one shown below, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
- the luminous efficiency in Table 2 below is expressed as a relative value when the external quantum efficiency of the comparative element 2-1 is 1.0.
- Example 3 An organic electroluminescent element was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the layer configuration was changed to the one shown below, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. The results are shown in Table 3 below. The luminous efficiencies in Table 3 below are expressed as relative values when the external quantum efficiency of the comparative organic electroluminescent device 3-1 is 1.0.
- Fifth layer electron transport material described in Table 3: film thickness 20 nm
- Example 4 Preparation of coating solution for light emitting layer formation- Toluene (94.75% by mass) was mixed with the luminescent material 1 (0.25% by mass) and the host material ADN (5% by mass) to obtain a coating solution 1 for forming a luminescent layer.
- Luminescent layer forming coating solutions 2 and 3 were prepared in the same manner as the luminous layer forming coating solution 1 except that the luminous material 1 was changed to the luminous materials 4 and 6 in the luminous layer forming coating solution 1.
- PTPDES-2 represents the following structure.
- the light emitting layer forming coating solutions 1 to 3 were spin-coated (1,300 rpm, 30 seconds) so as to have a thickness of about 40 nm to obtain a light emitting layer.
- BAlq represented by the following structural formula was formed as an electron transport layer on the light emitting layer by a vacuum deposition method so as to have a thickness of 40 nm.
- lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed as an electron injection layer by a vacuum deposition method so as to have a thickness of 1 nm.
- 70 nm of metal aluminum was vapor-deposited to make a cathode.
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Abstract
Description
また、公知文献2ではベンゾフルオレンを縮環拡大した分子を発光材料として用いることで、高効率であり、ギャップが広い(すなわち、青色発光が可能とも考えられる)素子が得られることが記載されている。この文献の実施例では作製された素子のスペクトルが開示されており、波長も長くブロードな波形であり、極大発光波長は平均して462nm程度であった。
また、特許文献3、4にはピレン環の1,2位、6,7位にインドール環が対称に2つ縮環した材料が開示されているが、本発明者らの検討によると、これらの材料は青色純度が不十分であり、発光強度が低下する駆動劣化に伴って色度が変化してしまうこと(以下、駆動色度変化とも言う)、駆動とともに電圧上昇が起こること(以下、駆動電圧上昇とも言う)、等の問題点も明らかになった。
本発明の目的は上記問題を解決することにある。すなわち、本発明が解決しようとする課題は、暗青色の発光であり、長時間駆動後も色度変化、駆動電圧変化が小さい有機電界発光素子を提供することにある。
ここで、ピレン骨格のどの位置に非芳香族環が縮環するかについて、特許文献1で言及しているが、該文献内ではピレンの長軸(1,2,3,6,7,8位)方向に縮環することが好ましいと記載されているものの、その理由およびその詳細なメカニズムは特に説明されていなかった。一方、特許文献2では、2分子のピレンの長軸方向と短軸(4,5,9,10位)方向を連結するように非芳香族環が縮環している構造の例示化合物を[0119]で用いていることからもわかる通り、ピレン骨格に対する縮環位置としてどの位置がよいかの記載はされていなかった。
したがって、ピレン系化合物の構造を変化させて暗青色の発光であり、長時間駆動後の電圧が低い有機電界発光素子用材料が得られるか否かについては、従来の知見から予想することは全くできていないのが実情であった。
すなわち、特定の構造を有するピレン誘導体を用いれば、上記の課題を解決することができることを見出して、以下に記載される本発明を提供するに至った。
該基板上に配置され、陽極及び陰極を含む一対の電極と、
該電極間に配置され、発光層を含む少なくとも一層の有機層とを有し、
前記少なくとも一層の有機層のいずれかの層に、下記一般式(I)で表される少なくとも一種の化合物を含有する有機電界発光素子。
一般式(I)
(条件1)Q1の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数とQ2の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数が異なる。
(条件2)X1およびX2の一方が表す連結基とX3およびX4の一方が表す連結基が異なる。]
[2] 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(II-1)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする[1]に記載の有機電界発光素子。
一般式(II-1)
(条件1)Q11の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数とQ12の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数が異なる。
(条件2)X11が表す連結基とX14が表す連結基が異なる。]
[3] 前記一般式(II-1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(II-2)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする[2]に記載の有機電界発光素子。
一般式(II-2)
[4] 前記一般式(II-2)において、X51およびX54がそれぞれ独立にCR51R52、NR53、Oのいずれかで表される連結基であることを特徴とする[3]に記載の有機電界発光素子。
[5] 前記一般式(II-2)において、X51およびX54のうちいずれか一方はNR53であり、他方はCR51R52、Oのいずれかで表される連結基であることを特徴とする[3]または[4]に記載の有機電界発光素子。
[6] 前記一般式(II-2)において、R61~R74およびR51~R55のうち少なくとも一つが、フッ素原子、アルキル基、シリル基、アミノ基、およびこれらを有するフェニル基または含窒素芳香族6員環のいずれかを有する置換基であることを特徴とする[3]~[5]のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子。
[7] 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(III-1)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする[1]に記載の有機電界発光素子。
一般式(III-1)
(条件1)Q21の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数とQ22の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数が異なる。
(条件2)X22が表す連結基とX23が表す連結基が異なる。]
[8] 前記一般式(III-1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(III-2)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする[7]に記載の有機電界発光素子。
一般式(III-2)
[9] 前記一般式(III-2)において、X52およびX53がそれぞれ独立にCR51R52、NR53、Oのいずれかで表される連結基であることを特徴とする[8]に記載の有機電界発光素子。
[10] 前記一般式(III-2)において、X52およびX53のうちいずれか一方はNR53で表される連結基であり、他方はCR51R52、Oのいずれかで表される連結基であることを特徴とする[8]または[9]に記載の有機電界発光素子。
[11] 前記一般式(III-2)において、R81~R94およびR51~R55のうち少なくとも一つが、フッ素原子、アルキル基、シリル基、アミノ基、およびこれらを有するフェニル基または含窒素芳香族6員環のいずれかを有する置換基であることを特徴とする[8]~[10]のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子。
[12] 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(IV)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする[1]に記載の有機電界発光素子。
一般式(IV)
[13] 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物の分子量が800以下であることを特徴とする[1]~[12]のいずれかに記載の有機電界発光素子。
[14] 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物が前記発光層に含有されることを特徴とする[1]~[13]のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子。
[15] 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物が、前記発光層に含有される発光材料であることを特徴とする[14]に記載に有機電界発光素子。
[16] 前記発光層にさらにホスト材料を含有することを特徴とする[15]に記載の有機電界発光素子。
[17] 前記ホスト材料が炭素数10~50の炭化水素縮合環構造を有することを特徴とする[16]に記載の有機電界発光素子。
[18] 前記ホスト材料がアントラセン骨格を有することを特徴とする[16]に記載の有機電界発光素子。
[19] 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物を含有する有機層が真空蒸着プロセスにて形成されてなることを特徴とする[1]~[18]のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子。
[20] 発光層が湿式プロセスにて形成されてなることを特徴とする[1]~[18]のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子。
[21] [1]~[20]のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子を用いた発光装置。
[22] [1]~[20]のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子を用いた表示装置。
[23] [1]~[20]のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子を用いた照明装置。
[24] 下記一般式(I)で表される化合物。
一般式(I)
(条件1)Q1の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数とQ2の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数が異なる。
(条件2)X1およびX2の一方が表す連結基とX3およびX4の一方が表す連結基が異なる。]
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、基板と、該基板上に配置され陽極及び陰極を含む一対の電極と、該電極間に配置され、発光層を含む少なくとも一層の有機層とを少なくとも有するものである。本発明の有機電界発光素子は、いずれかの有機層に、少なくとも一種の下記一般式(I)で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とする。
一般式(I)
(条件1)Q1の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数とQ2の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数が異なる。
(条件2)X1およびX2の一方が表す連結基とX3およびX4の一方が表す連結基が異なる。
本発明の発光材料を用いることにより、暗青色の発光が得られる。これは、分子の共役長、電子遷移に寄与する分子長が適切になることに加え、ピレン中心に対して非対称に環を巻くことによって分子の対称性が低下し、分子同士の会合が抑えられるためと推測している。
また、本発明では、単に良好な青色発光を示すだけでなく、駆動後の色度変化や分解劣化時の電圧上昇を抑制できる事が明らかとなった。これは分子同士が接近しにくい構造となっているため、駆動させて分解した分子(分子の低エネルギーギャップ分解物が電荷をトラップしたり、高エネルギーギャップの分解物が電荷の輸送を妨げたりする事が原因であると推測している)が局所的に凝集することを抑制しているためと推測している。
すなわち、前記一般式(I)で表される有機電界発光素子用の発光材料は、その母骨格自体が、短波長化と、駆動時の色度変化、分解劣化時の電圧上昇の抑制に寄与している。そのため、前記一般式(I)で表される発光材料は、その母骨格の置換基はほとんど限定されず、上記効果を得ることができる。但し、本発明の好ましい態様においては、特定の置換基を用いて、さらに短波長化と分解劣化時の電圧上昇の抑制を図ってもよい。
一般式(I)中、上記一般式(I)において、Q1およびQ2はそれぞれ独立に、6員の単環芳香族環または6員の単環含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を表す。6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を表す場合、環骨格を構成する原子の1~4個がヘテロ原子であることが好ましく、1~3個がヘテロ原子であることがより好ましく、1または2個がヘテロ原子であることがさらに好ましい。ヘテロ原子としては、窒素原子、酸素原子、硫黄原子などを挙げることができるが、窒素原子であることが好ましい。
6員の芳香族環および6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環には、水素原子または置換基が結合する。置換基の具体例としては下記の置換基群Aが挙げられ、好ましくはアルキル基(より好ましくは炭素数1~10の直鎖、分岐または環状アルキル基)、アリール基(より好ましくは炭素数6~14のアリール基)、ヘテロアリール基(好ましくは炭素数5~20でヘテロ原子としてN,O,Sのいずれかを含むヘテロアリール基)、ジ置換アミノ基(より好ましくはジアルキルアミノ基、ジアリールアミノ基であり、この場合のアルキル、アリールの好ましい範囲は前述のアルキル、アリールの好ましい範囲と同様)、ハロゲノ基(好ましくはフルオロ基)、シアノ基、ニトロ基を挙げることができる。また、該置換基はさらに任意の1つ以上の置換基で置換されていても良く、この場合の置換基の好ましい範囲は前述の定義と同様である。置換基は互いに連結して環構造を形成し、上記6員の芳香族環および6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環にさらに環が縮合した構造を形成していてもよい。このとき、互いに隣り合う環構成原子に結合した置換基同士が結合して環構造を形成することが好ましい。形成される環は、芳香環や複素環であってもよいし、非芳香族環であってもよい。好ましいのはベンゼン環などの芳香環である。
R51~R55はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表す。R51、R52、R54およびR55としては下記の置換基群Aが挙げられ、R53としては下記の置換基群Bが挙げられる。
《置換基群A(炭素原子上の置換基および珪素原子上の置換基群)》
アルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~10であり、例えばメチル、エチル、イソプロピル、t-ブチル、n-オクチル、n-デシル、n-ヘキサデシル、シクロプロピル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシルなどが挙げられる。)、アルケニル基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~10であり、例えばビニル、アリル、2-ブテニル、3-ペンテニルなどが挙げられる。)、アルキニル基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~10であり、例えばプロパルギル、3-ペンチニルなどが挙げられる。)、アリール基(好ましくは炭素数6~30、より好ましくは炭素数6~20、特に好ましくは炭素数6~12であり、例えばフェニル、p-メチルフェニル、ナフチル、アントラニルなどが挙げられる。)、アミノ基(好ましくは炭素数0~30、より好ましくは炭素数0~20、特に好ましくは炭素数0~10であり、例えばアミノ、メチルアミノ、ジメチルアミノ、ジエチルアミノ、ジベンジルアミノ、ジフェニルアミノ、ジトリルアミノなどが挙げられる。)、アルコキシ基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~10であり、例えばメトキシ、エトキシ、ブトキシ、2-エチルヘキシロキシなどが挙げられる。)、アリールオキシ基(好ましくは炭素数6~30、より好ましくは炭素数6~20、特に好ましくは炭素数6~12であり、例えばフェニルオキシ、1-ナフチルオキシ、2-ナフチルオキシなどが挙げられる。)、ヘテロ環オキシ基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばピリジルオキシ、ピラジルオキシ、ピリミジルオキシ、キノリルオキシなどが挙げられる。)、アシル基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~12であり、例えばアセチル、ベンゾイル、ホルミル、ピバロイルなどが挙げられる。)、アルコキシカルボニル基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~12であり、例えばメトキシカルボニル、エトキシカルボニルなどが挙げられる。)、アリールオキシカルボニル基(好ましくは炭素数7~30、より好ましくは炭素数7~20、特に好ましくは炭素数7~12であり、例えばフェニルオキシカルボニルなどが挙げられる。)、アシルオキシ基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~10であり、例えばアセトキシ、ベンゾイルオキシなどが挙げられる。)、アシルアミノ基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~10であり、例えばアセチルアミノ、ベンゾイルアミノなどが挙げられる。)、アルコキシカルボニルアミノ基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~12であり、例えばメトキシカルボニルアミノなどが挙げられる。)、アリールオキシカルボニルアミノ基(好ましくは炭素数7~30、より好ましくは炭素数7~20、特に好ましくは炭素数7~12であり、例えばフェニルオキシカルボニルアミノなどが挙げられる。)、スルホニルアミノ基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばメタンスルホニルアミノ、ベンゼンスルホニルアミノなどが挙げられる。)、スルファモイル基(好ましくは炭素数0~30、より好ましくは炭素数0~20、特に好ましくは炭素数0~12であり、例えばスルファモイル、メチルスルファモイル、ジメチルスルファモイル、フェニルスルファモイルなどが挙げられる。)、カルバモイル基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばカルバモイル、メチルカルバモイル、ジエチルカルバモイル、フェニルカルバモイルなどが挙げられる。)、アルキルチオ基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばメチルチオ、エチルチオなどが挙げられる。)、アリールチオ基(好ましくは炭素数6~30、より好ましくは炭素数6~20、特に好ましくは炭素数6~12であり、例えばフェニルチオなどが挙げられる。)、ヘテロ環チオ基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばピリジルチオ、2-ベンズイミゾリルチオ、2-ベンズオキサゾリルチオ、2-ベンズチアゾリルチオなどが挙げられる。)、スルホニル基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばメシル、トシルなどが挙げられる。)、スルフィニル基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばメタンスルフィニル、ベンゼンスルフィニルなどが挙げられる。)、ウレイド基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばウレイド、メチルウレイド、フェニルウレイドなどが挙げられる。)、リン酸アミド基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、例えばジエチルリン酸アミド、フェニルリン酸アミドなどが挙げられる。)、ヒドロキシ基、メルカプト基、ハロゲン原子(例えばフッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子)、シアノ基、スルホ基、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、ヒドロキサム酸基、スルフィノ基、ヒドラジノ基、イミノ基、ヘテロ環基(芳香族ヘテロ環基も包含し、好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、ヘテロ原子としては、例えば窒素原子、酸素原子、硫黄原子、リン原子、ケイ素原子、セレン原子、テルル原子であり、具体的にはピリジル、ピラジニル、ピリミジル、ピリダジニル、ピロリル、ピラゾリル、トリアゾリル、イミダゾリル、オキサゾリル、チアゾリル、イソキサゾリル、イソチアゾリル、キノリル、フリル、チエニル、セレノフェニル、テルロフェニル、ピペリジル、ピペリジノ、モルホリノ、ピロリジル、ピロリジノ、ベンゾオキサゾリル、ベンゾイミダゾリル、ベンゾチアゾリル、カルバゾリル基、アゼピニル基、シロリル基などが挙げられる。)、シリル基(好ましくは炭素数3~40、より好ましくは炭素数3~30、特に好ましくは炭素数3~24であり、例えばトリメチルシリル、トリフェニルシリルなどが挙げられる。)、シリルオキシ基(好ましくは炭素数3~40、より好ましくは炭素数3~30、特に好ましくは炭素数3~24であり、例えばトリメチルシリルオキシ、トリフェニルシリルオキシなどが挙げられる。)、ホスホリル基(例えばジフェニルホスホリル基、ジメチルホスホリル基などが挙げられる。)が挙げられる。これらの置換基は更に置換されてもよく、更なる置換基としては、以上に説明した置換基群Aから選択される基を挙げることができる。また、置換基に置換した置換基は更に置換されてもよく、さらなる置換基としては、以上に説明した置換基群Aから選択される基を挙げることができる。また、置換基に置換した置換基に置換した置換基は更に置換されてもよく、さらなる置換基としては、以上に説明した置換基群Aから選択される基を挙げることができる。
アルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~20、特に好ましくは炭素数1~10であり、例えばメチル、エチル、イソプロピル、t-ブチル、n-オクチル、n-デシル、n-ヘキサデシル、シクロプロピル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシルなどが挙げられる。)、アルケニル基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~10であり、例えばビニル、アリル、2-ブテニル、3-ペンテニルなどが挙げられる。)、アルキニル基(好ましくは炭素数2~30、より好ましくは炭素数2~20、特に好ましくは炭素数2~10であり、例えばプロパルギル、3-ペンチニルなどが挙げられる。)、アリール基(好ましくは炭素数6~30、より好ましくは炭素数6~20、特に好ましくは炭素数6~12であり、例えばフェニル、p-メチルフェニル、ナフチル、アントラニルなどが挙げられる。)、シアノ基、ヘテロ環基(芳香族ヘテロ環基も包含し、好ましくは炭素数1~30、より好ましくは炭素数1~12であり、ヘテロ原子としては、例えば窒素原子、酸素原子、硫黄原子、リン原子、ケイ素原子、セレン原子、テルル原子であり、具体的にはピリジル、ピラジニル、ピリミジル、ピリダジニル、ピロリル、ピラゾリル、トリアゾリル、イミダゾリル、オキサゾリル、チアゾリル、イソキサゾリル、イソチアゾリル、キノリル、フリル、チエニル、セレノフェニル、テルロフェニル、ピペリジル、ピペリジノ、モルホリノ、ピロリジル、ピロリジノ、ベンゾオキサゾリル、ベンゾイミダゾリル、ベンゾチアゾリル、カルバゾリル基、アゼピニル基、シロリル基などが挙げられる。)これらの置換基は更に置換されてもよく、更なる置換基としては、前記置換基群Bから選択される基を挙げることができる。また、置換基に置換した置換基は更に置換されてもよく、さらなる置換基としては、以上に説明した置換基群Bから選択される基を挙げることができる。また、置換基に置換した置換基に置換した置換基は更に置換されてもよく、さらなる置換基としては、以上に説明した置換基群Bから選択される基を挙げることができる。
R53として好ましくは炭素数1~10の直鎖、分岐または環状アルキル基、炭素数6~50のアリール基、炭素数5~20であり、ヘテロ原子としてN,O,Sのいずれかを1つ以上含むヘテロアリール基のいずれかである事がより好ましい。炭素数6~14のアリール基、炭素数5~20であり、ヘテロ原子としてN,O,Sのいずれかを1つ以上含むヘテロアリール基のいずれかがさらに好ましい。
(条件1)Q1の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数とQ2の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数が異なる。
(条件2)X1およびX2の一方が表す連結基とX3およびX4の一方が表す連結基が異なる。
条件1でいう炭素数は、前記6員の芳香族環の環骨格を構成する炭素数または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環の環骨格を構成する炭素数であり、これらの環に結合する複数の置換基が互いに結合することにより形成される縮合環全体の環骨格を構成する炭素数ではない。一般式(I)で表される化合物が条件1を満たす場合、例えばQ1およびQ2のうちの一方の環を構成する炭素数が6で他方の環を構成する炭素数が5である場合(例えばベンゼン環とピリジン環)、一方の環を構成する炭素数が6で他方の環を構成する炭素数が4である場合(例えばベンゼン環とピリミジン環)、一方の環を構成する炭素数が5で他方の環を構成する炭素数が4である場合(例えばピリジン環とピリミジン環)などを例示することができる。Q1およびQ2の環を構成する炭素数の差は1~3であることが好ましく、1または2であることがより好ましい。
条件2を満たす場合、例えばX1およびX2の一方が表す連結基とX3およびX4の一方が表す連結基は、一方がCR51R52であって、他方がNR53である場合、一方がCR51R52であって、他方がOである場合、一方がCR51R52であって、他方がSである場合、一方がCR51R52であって、他方がSiR54R55である場合、一方がNR53であって、他方がOである場合、一方がNR53であって、他方がSである場合、一方がNR53であって、他方がSiR54R55である場合、一方がOであって、他方がSである場合などを例示することができる。連結基を表すのは、X1およびX4の組み合わせであるか、X2およびX3の組み合わせであることが好ましい。
本発明では、条件1と条件2の両方を満たす化合物がより好ましく、そのような化合物を用いた場合により大きな本発明の効果が得られる。
一般式(I)では、隣り合う環骨格原子に結合しているR1~R6は互いに連結して環を形成することはない。ここでいう「環」とは、芳香環や複素環が新たに縮合する場合、もしくは非芳香族環を形成する場合の両方を含む。ここでいう非芳香族環の具体例として、下記の構造を挙げることができる。
(条件1)Q11の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数とQ12の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数が異なる。
(条件2) X11が表す連結基とX14が表す連結基が異なる。
一般式(II-2)
上記一般式(II-2)において、R61~R66はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表すが、R61~R66のうちの隣り合う2つが互いに連結して環を形成することはない。R67~R74はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表し、R67~R74のうちの隣り合う2つが互いに結合して環構造を形成してもよいが、それにより形成される環の数は2つ以下である。X51およびX54はそれぞれ独立にCR51R52、NR53、O、S、SiR54R55のいずれかで表される連結基を表す。R51~R55はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表す。X51が表す連結基とX54が表す連結基は異なる。
前記一般式(II-2)において、X51およびX54がそれぞれ独立にCR51R52、NR53、Oのいずれかで表される連結基であることがより好ましく、X51およびX54のうちいずれか一方はNR53であり、他方はCR51R52、Oのいずれかで表される連結基であることが特に好ましい。
前記一般式(II-2)において、R61~R74およびR51~R55のうち少なくとも一つが、フッ素原子、アルキル基、シリル基、アミノ基、およびこれらを有するフェニル基または含窒素芳香族6員環のいずれかを有する置換基であることが好ましく、該フッ素原子、アルキル基、シリル基、アミノ基のいずれかを有する置換基の例としては、前記分子内にフッ素原子、アルキル基、シリル基、アミノ基、およびこれらを有するフェニル基または含窒素芳香族6員環の特に好ましい具体例と同様である。
(条件1)Q21の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数とQ22の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数が異なる。
(条件2)X22が表す連結基とX23が表す連結基が異なる。
一般式(III-2)
前記一般式(III-2)において、X52およびX53がそれぞれ独立にCR51R52、NR53、Oのいずれかで表される連結基であることがより好ましく、X52およびX53のうちいずれか一方はNR53であり、他方はCR51R52、Oのいずれかで表される連結基であることが特に好ましい。
前記一般式(II-2)において、R81~R94およびR51~R55のうち少なくとも一つが、フッ素原子、アルキル基、シリル基、アミノ基、およびこれらを有するフェニル基または含窒素芳香族6員環のいずれかを有する置換基であることが好ましく、該フッ素原子、アルキル基、シリル基、アミノ基のいずれかを有する置換基の例としては、前記分子内にフッ素原子、アルキル基、シリル基、アミノ基、およびこれらを有するフェニル基または含窒素芳香族6員環の特に好ましい具体例と同様である。
CR56は、その炭素原子が一般式(I)で表される発光材料の環の構成原子となり、R56はその炭素原子に結合する水素原子または置換基を表す。ここでいう置換基は、さらに置換基で置換されていてもよい。R56としては、上記の置換基群Aを挙げることができる。R56は、アルキル基(より好ましくは炭素数1~10の直鎖、分岐または環状アルキル基)、アリール基(より好ましくは炭素数6~14のアリール基)、ヘテロアリール基(好ましくは炭素数5~20で、ヘテロ原子としてN、O、Sのいずれかを含むヘテロアリール基)、ジ置換アミノ基(より好ましくはジアルキルアミノ基、ジアリールアミノ基であり、この場合のアルキル基およびアリール基の好ましい範囲はR1におけるアルキル基およびアリール基の好ましい範囲と同様である)、ハロゲノ基(好ましくはフルオロ基)、シアノ基、ニトロ基であることが好ましい。また、隣り合う炭素原子に結合しているR56どうしは互いに結合して環状構造を形成していていもよい。そのような環状構造としてアリール基(より好ましくは炭素数6~14のアリール基)、ヘテロアリール基(好ましくは炭素数5~20で、ヘテロ原子としてN、O、Sのいずれかを含むヘテロアリール基)を挙げることができ、アリール基がより好ましい。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、基板と、該基板上に配置され、陽極及び陰極を含む一対の電極と、該電極間に配置され、発光層を含む少なくとも一層の有機層とを有し、前記有機層のいずれかの層に前記一般式(I)で表される化合物を含むことを特徴とする。
本発明の有機電界発光素子の構成は、特に制限されることはない。図1に、本発明の有機電界発光素子の構成の一例を示す。図1の有機電界発光素子10は、基板2上に、一対の電極(陽極3と陰極9)の間に有機層を有する。
有機電界発光素子の素子構成、基板、陰極及び陽極については、例えば、特開2008-270736号公報に詳述されており、該公報に記載の事項を本発明に適用することができる。
以下、本発明の有機電界発光素子の好ましい態様について、基板、電極、有機層、保護層、封止容器、駆動方法、発光波長、用途の順で詳細に説明する。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、基板を有する。
本発明で使用する基板としては、有機層から発せられる光を散乱又は減衰させない基板であることが好ましい。有機材料の場合には、耐熱性、寸法安定性、耐溶剤性、電気絶縁性、及び加工性に優れていることが好ましい。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、前記基板上に配置され、陽極及び陰極を含む一対の電極を有する。
発光素子の性質上、一対の電極である陽極及び陰極のうち少なくとも一方の電極は、透明若しくは半透明であることが好ましい。
陽極は、通常、有機層に正孔を供給する電極としての機能を有していればよく、その形状、構造、大きさ等については特に制限はなく、発光素子の用途、目的に応じて、公知の電極材料の中から適宜選択することができる。前述のごとく、陽極は、通常透明陽極として設けられる。
陰極は、通常、有機層に電子を注入する電極としての機能を有していればよく、その形状、構造、大きさ等については特に制限はなく、発光素子の用途、目的に応じて、公知の電極材料の中から適宜選択することができる。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、前記電極間に配置された1または複数の有機層を有し、前記有機層は発光層を含み、該発光層はホスト材料と、少なくとも1つの前記一般式(I)で表される発光材料とを含むことを特徴とする。
前記有機層は、特に制限はなく、有機電界発光素子の用途、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、前記透明電極上に又は前記半透明電極上に形成されるのが好ましい。この場合、有機層は、前記透明電極又は前記半透明電極上の全面又は一面に形成される。
有機層の形状、大きさ、及び厚み等については、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。
以下、本発明の有機電界発光素子における、有機層の構成、有機層の形成方法、有機層を構成する各層の好ましい態様および各層に使用される材料について順に説明する。
本発明の有機電界発光素子では、前記有機層が発光層を含む。前記有機層が、電荷輸送層を含むことが好ましい。前記電荷輸送層とは、有機電界発光素子に電圧を印加した際に電荷移動が起こる層をいう。具体的には正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、電子ブロック層、発光層、正孔ブロック層、電子輸送層又は電子注入層が挙げられる。前記電荷輸送層が正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、電子ブロック層又は発光層であれば、低コストかつ高効率な有機電界発光素子の製造が可能となる。
本発明の有機電界発光素子において、各有機層は、蒸着法やスパッタ法等の乾式製膜法、転写法、印刷法、スピンコート法、バーコート法等の湿式製膜法(溶液塗布法)のいずれによっても好適に形成することができる。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、前記一対の電極間に配置された有機層が、少なくとも一層の前記一般式(I)で表される化合物を含む組成物の蒸着により形成されていることが好ましい。
発光層は、電界印加時に、陽極、正孔注入層又は正孔輸送層から正孔を受け取り、陰極、電子注入層又は電子輸送層から電子を受け取り、正孔と電子の再結合の場を提供して発光させる機能を有する層である。但し、本発明における前記発光層は、このようなメカニズムによる発光に必ずしも限定されるものではない。
本発明の有機電界発光素子では、前記一般式(I)で表される化合物を発光材料とするが、その場合であっても前記一般式(I)で表される化合物とは別の発光材料を組み合わせて用いることが可能である。また、本発明の有機電界発光素子において、前記一般式(I)で表される化合物を発光層のホスト材料として使用する場合や、発光層以外の有機層に用いる場合にも、前記一般式(I)で表される化合物とは別の発光材料を発光層に用いることができる。
本発明において用いることができる発光材料は、蛍光発光材料である。また、本発明における発光層は、色純度を向上させたり、発光波長領域を広げたりするために、2種類以上の発光材料を含有することができる。
本発明の有機電界発光素子における発光層は、発光材料のみで構成されていてもよく、ホスト材料と発光材料の混合層とした構成でもよい。発光材料の種類は一種であっても二種以上であっても良い。ホスト材料は電荷輸送材料であることが好ましい。ホスト材料は一種であっても二種以上であってもよく、例えば、電子輸送性のホスト材料と正孔輸送性のホスト材料を混合した構成が挙げられる。更に、発光層中に電荷輸送性を有さず、発光しない材料を含んでいてもよい。
また、発光層は一層であっても二層以上の多層であってもよく、それぞれの層に同じ発光材料やホスト材料を含んでもよいし、層毎に異なる材料を含んでもよい。発光層が複数の場合、それぞれの発光層が異なる発光色で発光してもよい。
ホスト材料とは、発光層において主に電荷の注入、輸送を担う化合物であり、また、それ自体は実質的に発光しない化合物のことである。ここで「実質的に発光しない」とは、該実質的に発光しない化合物からの発光量が好ましくは素子全体での全発光量の5%以下であり、より好ましくは3%以下であり、更に好ましくは1%以下であることを言う。
ピロール、インドール、カルバゾール、アザインドール、アザカルバゾール、トリアゾール、オキサゾール、オキサジアゾール、ピラゾール、イミダゾール、チオフェン、ベンゾチオフェン、ジベンゾチオフェン、フラン、ベンゾフラン、ジベンゾフラン、ポリアリールアルカン、ピラゾリン、ピラゾロン、フェニレンジアミン、アリールアミン、アミノ置換カルコン、スチリルアントラセン、フルオレノン、ヒドラゾン、スチルベン、シラザン、芳香族第三級アミン化合物、スチリルアミン化合物、ポルフィリン系化合物、縮環芳香族炭化水素化合物(フルオレン、ナフタレン、フェナントレン、トリフェニレン等)、ポリシラン系化合物、ポリ(N-ビニルカルバゾール)、アニリン系共重合体、チオフェンオリゴマー、ポリチオフェン等の導電性高分子オリゴマー、有機シラン、カーボン膜、ピリジン、ピリミジン、トリアジン、イミダゾール、ピラゾール、トリアゾ-ル、オキサゾ-ル、オキサジアゾ-ル、フルオレノン、アントラキノジメタン、アントロン、ジフェニルキノン、チオピランジオキシド、カルボジイミド、フルオレニリデンメタン、ジスチリルピラジン、フッ素置換芳香族化合物、ナフタレンペリレン等の複素環テトラカルボン酸無水物、フタロシアニン、8-キノリノ-ル誘導体の金属錯体やメタルフタロシアニン、ベンゾオキサゾ-ルやベンゾチアゾ-ルを配位子とする金属錯体に代表される各種金属錯体及びそれらの誘導体(置換基や縮環を有していてもよい)等を挙げることができる。その他に、特開2010-111620の[0081]や[0083]に記載される化合物を用いることもできる。
これらのうち、カルバゾール、ジベンゾチオフェン、ジベンゾフラン、アリールアミン、縮環芳香族炭化水素化合物、金属錯体が好ましく、縮環芳香族炭化水素化合物が安定であるために特に好ましい。縮環芳香族炭化水素化合物としてはナフタレン系化合物、アントラセン系化合物、フェナントレン系化合物、トリフェニレン系化合物、ピレン系化合物が好ましく、アントラセン系化合物、ピレン系化合物がより好ましく、アントラセン系化合物が特に好ましい。アントラセン系化合物としては、WO2010/134350号公報の[0033]~[0064]に記載のものが特に好ましく、例えば後掲の化合物H-1やH-2を挙げることができる。
前記炭素数10~50の炭化水素縮合環構造は、ナフタレン、フェナントレン、ベンゾ[c]フェナントレン、アントラセン、ピレン、トリフェニレンおよびクリセンが好ましく、ナフタレン、フェナントレン、ベンゾ[c]フェナントレンおよびアントラセンがより好ましく、アントラセンが最も好ましい。すなわち、前記ホスト材料の前記炭素数10~50の炭化水素縮合環構造がアントラセン骨格であることがより好ましい。さらに、前記炭素数10~50の炭化水素縮合環構造は、炭素と水素または重水素のみで構成された化合物であることが特に好ましい。
ホスト材料の膜状態でのS1が発光材料のS1より小さいと発光を消光してしまうためホスト材料には発光材料より大きなS1が求められる。また、ホスト材料のS1が発光材料より大きい場合でも、両者のS1差が小さい場合には一部、発光材料からホスト材料への逆エネルギー移動が起こるため、効率低下や色純度低下、耐久性低下の原因となる。従って、S1が十分に大きく、化学的安定性及びキャリア注入・輸送性の高いホスト材料が求められる。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、前記発光層以外のその他の層を有していてもよい。
前記有機層が有していてもよい前記発光層以外のその他の有機層として、正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、ブロック層(正孔ブロック層、励起子ブロック層など)、電子輸送層などが挙げられる。前記具体的な層構成として、下記が挙げられるが本発明はこれらの構成に限定されるものではない。
・陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極、
・陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/ブロック層/電子輸送層/陰極、
・陽極/正孔輸送層/発光層/ブロック層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極、
・陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/ブロック層/電子輸送層/陰極、
・陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極、
・陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/ブロック層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極、
・陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/ブロック層/発光層/ブロック層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、(A)前記陽極と前記発光層との間に好ましく配置される有機層を少なくとも一層含むことが好ましい。前記(A)前記陽極と前記発光層との間に好ましく配置される有機層としては、陽極側から正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、電子ブロック層を挙げることができる。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、(B)前記陰極と前記発光層との間に好ましく配置される有機層少なくとも一層含むことが好ましい。前記(B)前記陰極と前記発光層との間に好ましく配置される有機層としては、陰極側から電子注入層、電子輸送層、正孔ブロック層を挙げることができる。
具体的には、本発明の有機電界発光素子の好ましい態様の一例は、図1に記載される態様であり、前記有機層として、陽極3側から正孔注入層4、正孔輸送層5、発光層6、正孔ブロック層7及び電子輸送層8がこの順に積層されている態様である。
以下、これら本発明の有機電界発光素子が有していてもよい前記発光層以外のその他の層について、説明する。
まず、(A)前記陽極と前記発光層との間に好ましく配置される有機層について説明する。
正孔注入層、正孔輸送層は、陽極又は陽極側から正孔を受け取り陰極側に輸送する機能を有する層である。
前記一般式(Sa-1)中、Xは、置換または無置換の炭素数1~30のアルキレン基、置換または無置換の炭素数2~30のアルケニレン基、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリーレン基、置換または無置換の炭素数2~30のヘテロアリーレン基、あるいは、置換または無置換の炭素数2~30の複素環を表す。Xとして好ましくは、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリーレン基であり、より好ましくは、置換または無置換のフェニレン、置換または無置換のビフェニレン、および、置換または無置換のナフチレンであり、さらに好ましくは置換または無置換のビフェニレンである。
RS1、RS2、RS3は、各々独立に水素原子、置換または無置換の炭素数1~30のアルキル基、置換または無置換の炭素数1~30のアルコキシ基、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリール基、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリールオキシ基、置換または無置換の炭素数2~30の複素環、置換または無置換の炭素数5~30の縮合多環基、ヒドロキシ基、シアノ基、あるいは、置換または無置換のアミノ基を表す。隣接するRS1、RS2、RS3同士が互いに結合し、飽和炭素環または不飽和炭素環を形成してもよい。前記飽和炭素環または当該不飽和炭素環の例としては、ナフタレン、アズレン、アントラセン、フルオレン、フェナレンなどがある。RS1、RS2、RS3として好ましくは、水素原子、置換または無置換の炭素数1~30のアルキル基、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリール基、置換または無置換の炭素数5~30の縮合多環基、および、シアノ基であり、より好ましくは水素原子である。
ArS1、ArS2は、各々独立に、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリール基、あるいは、置換または無置換の炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基を表す。ArS1、ArS2として好ましくは、置換または無置換のフェニル基である。
前記一般式(Sb-1)中、RS4、RS5、RS6およびRS7は、各々独立に水素原子、置換または無置換の炭素数1~30のアルキル基、置換または無置換の炭素数1~30のアルコキシ基、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリール基、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリールオキシ基、置換または無置換の炭素数2~30の複素環、または置換または無置換の炭素数5~30の縮合多環基、ヒドロキシ基、シアノ基、あるいは、置換または無置換のアミノ基を表す。隣接するRS4、RS5、RS6およびRS7同士が互いに結合し、飽和炭素環または不飽和炭素環を形成してもよい。前記飽和炭素環または当該不飽和炭素環の例としては、ナフタレン、アズレン、アントラセン、フルオレン、フェナレンなどがある。RS4、RS5、RS6およびRS7として好ましくは、水素原子、置換または無置換の炭素数1~30のアルキル基、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリール基、置換または無置換の炭素数5~30の縮合多環基、および、シアノ基であり、より好ましくは水素原子である。
ArS3は、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリール基、あるいは、置換または無置換の炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基を表す。ArS3として好ましくは、置換または無置換のフェニル基である。
前記一般式(Sc-1)中、RS8およびRS9は各々独立に水素原子、置換または無置換の炭素数1~30のアルキル基、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリール基、置換または無置換の炭素数2~30の複素環基、あるいは、置換または無置換の炭素数5~30の縮合多環基を表す。RS8およびRS9として好ましくは、置換または無置換の炭素数1~30のアルキル基、および、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリール基であり、より好ましくは、メチル基およびフェニル基である。RS10は置換または無置換の炭素数1~30のアルキル基、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリール基、置換または無置換の炭素数2~30の複素環基、あるいは、置換または無置換の炭素数5~30の縮合多環基を表す。RS10として好ましくは置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリール基であり、より好ましくはフェニル基である。RS11およびRS12は、各々独立に水素原子、置換または無置換の炭素数1~30のアルキル基、置換または無置換の炭素数1~30のアルコキシ基、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリール基、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリールオキシ基、置換または無置換の炭素数2~30の複素環、置換または無置換の炭素数5~30の縮合多環基、ヒドロキシ基、シアノ基、あるいは、置換または無置換のアミノ基を表す。隣接するRS11およびRS12同士が互いに結合し、飽和炭素環または不飽和炭素環を形成してもよい。前記飽和炭素環または当該不飽和炭素環の例としては、ナフタレン、アズレン、アントラセン、フルオレン、フェナレンなどがある。RS11およびRS12として好ましくは、水素原子、置換または無置換の炭素数1~30のアルキル基、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリール基、置換または無置換の炭素数5~30の縮合多環基、および、シアノ基であり、より好ましくは水素原子である。ArS4は、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリール基、あるいは、置換または無置換の炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基を表す。YS1、YS2は置換または無置換の炭素数1~30のアルキレン、あるいは、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリーレンを表す。YS1、YS2として好ましくは、置換または無置換の炭素数6~30のアリーレンであり、より好ましくは置換または無置換のフェニレンである。nは0~5の整数であり、好ましくは0~3、より好ましくは0~2、さらに好ましくは0である。mは0~5の整数であり、好ましくは0~3、より好ましくは0~2、さらに好ましくは1である。
前記一般式(Sa-1)、(Sb-1)または(Sc-1)で表される化合物は、添加する有機層の全質量に対して70~100質量%含まれることが好ましく、85~100質量%含まれることがより好ましい。
電子ブロック層は、陰極側から発光層に輸送された電子が、陽極側に通りぬけることを防止する機能を有する層である。本発明において、発光層と陽極側で隣接する有機層として、電子ブロック層を設けることができる。
電子ブロック層を構成する有機化合物の例としては、例えば前述の正孔輸送材料として挙げたものが適用できる。
電子ブロック層の厚さとしては、1nm~500nmであるのが好ましく、3nm~100nmであるのがより好ましく、5nm~50nmであるのが更に好ましい。
電子ブロック層は、上述した材料の一種又は二種以上からなる単層構造であってもよいし、同一組成又は異種組成の複数層からなる多層構造であってもよい。
電子ブロック層に用いる材料は、前記発光材料のS1エネルギーより高いことが色純度、発光効率、駆動耐久性の点で好ましい。電子ブロック層に用いる材料の膜状態でのS1が発光材料のS1より0.1eV以上大きいことが好ましく、0.2eV以上大きいことがより好ましく、0.3eV以上大きいことが更に好ましい。
次に、前記(B)陰極と前記発光層との間に好ましく配置される有機層について説明する。
電子注入層、電子輸送層は、陰極又は陰極側から電子を受け取り陽極側に輸送する機能を有する層である。これらの層に用いる電子注入材料、電子輸送材料は低分子化合物であっても高分子化合物であってもよい。
電子輸送材料としては、例えば前記一般式(I)で表される化合物を用いることができる。その他の電子輸送材料としては、ピリジン誘導体、キノリン誘導体、ピリミジン誘導体、ピラジン誘導体、フタラジン誘導体、フェナントロリン誘導体、トリアジン誘導体、トリアゾール誘導体、オキサゾール誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、イミダゾール誘導体、ベンゾイミダゾール誘導体、イミダゾピリジン誘導体、フルオレノン誘導体、アントラキノジメタン誘導体、アントロン誘導体、ジフェニルキノン誘導体、チオピランジオキシド誘導体、カルボジイミド誘導体、フルオレニリデンメタン誘導体、ジスチリルピラジン誘導体、ナフタレン、ペリレン等の芳香環テトラカルボン酸無水物、フタロシアニン誘導体、8-キノリノール誘導体の金属錯体やメタルフタロシアニン、ベンゾオキサゾールやベンゾチアゾールを配位子とする金属錯体に代表される各種金属錯体、シロールに代表される有機シラン誘導体、ナフタレン、アントラセン、フェナントレン、トリフェニレン、ピレン等の縮環炭化水素化合物等をから選ばれることが好ましく、ピリジン誘導体、ベンゾイミダゾール誘導体、イミダゾピリジン誘導体、金属錯体、縮環炭化水素化合物のいずれかであることがより好ましい。
電子輸送層の厚さとしては、1nm~500nmであるのが好ましく、5nm~200nmであるのがより好ましく、10nm~100nmであるのが更に好ましい。また、電子注入層の厚さとしては、0.1nm~200nmであるのが好ましく、0.2nm~100nmであるのがより好ましく、0.5nm~50nmであるのが更に好ましい。
電子注入層、電子輸送層は、上述した材料の1種又は2種以上からなる単層構造であってもよいし、同一組成又は異種組成の複数層からなる多層構造であってもよい。
正孔ブロック層は、陽極側から発光層に輸送された正孔が、陰極側に通りぬけることを防止する機能を有する層である。本発明において、発光層と陰極側で隣接する有機層として、正孔ブロック層を設けることができる。
正孔ブロック層を構成する有機化合物の膜状態でのS1エネルギーは、発光層で生成する励起子のエネルギー移動を防止し、発光効率を低下させないために、発光材料のS1エネルギーよりも高いことが好ましい。
正孔ブロック層を構成する有機化合物の例としては、例えば前記一般式(I)で表される化合物を用いることができる。
前記一般式(I)で表される化合物以外の、正孔ブロック層を構成するその他の有機化合物の例としては、アルミニウム(III)ビス(2-メチル-8-キノリナト)4-フェニルフェノレート(Aluminum (III)bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinato)4-phenylphenolate(Balqと略記する))等のアルミニウム錯体、トリアゾール誘導体、2,9-ジメチル-4,7-ジフェニル-1,10-フェナントロリン(2,9-Dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline(BCPと略記する))等のフェナントロリン誘導体、等が挙げられる。
正孔ブロック層の厚さとしては、1nm~500nmであるのが好ましく、3nm~100nmであるのがより好ましく、5nm~50nmであるのが更に好ましい。
正孔ブロック層は、上述した材料の一種又は二種以上からなる単層構造であってもよいし、同一組成又は異種組成の複数層からなる多層構造であってもよい。
正孔ブロック層に用いる材料は、前記発光材料のS1エネルギーより高いことが色純度、発光効率、駆動耐久性の点で好ましい。正孔ブロック層に用いる材料の膜状態でのS1が発光材料のS1より0.1eV以上大きいことが好ましく、0.2eV以上大きいことがより好ましく、0.3eV以上大きいことが更に好ましい。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、前記(B)陰極と前記発光層との間に好ましく配置される有機層の材料に特に好ましく用いられる材料として、前記一般式(I)で表される化合物、下記一般式(P-1)で表される化合物および下記一般式(O-1)で表される化合物を挙げることができる。
以下、前記一般式(O-1)で表される化合物と、前記一般式(P-1)で表される化合物について説明する。
一般式(O-1)で表される化合物は、添加する有機層の全質量に対して70~100質量%含まれることが好ましく、85~100質量%含まれることがより好ましい。
RP1~RP3、R’P1~R’P3として、好ましくはアリール基、ヘテロアリール基のいずれかであり、より好ましくはアリール基であり、更に好ましくはフェニル基、ビフェニル基、ターフェニル基、ナフチル基のいずれかであり、最も好ましくはフェニル基である。
LP1~LP3として、好ましくは単結合、アリール環からなる二価の連結基のいずれかであり、より好ましくは単結合、フェニレン、ビフェニレン、ターフェニレン、ナフチレンのいずれかであり、更に好ましくは単結合、フェニレン、ナフチレンのいずれかである。
一般式(P)で表される化合物は、添加する有機層の全質量に対して70~100質量%含まれることが好ましく、85~100質量%含まれることがより好ましい。
本発明において、有機電界素子全体は、保護層によって保護されていてもよい。
保護層については、特開2008-270736号公報の段落番号〔0169〕~〔0170〕に記載の事項を本発明に適用することができる。なお、保護層の材料は無機物であっても、有機物であってもよい。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、封止容器を用いて素子全体を封止してもよい。
封止容器については、特開2008-270736号公報の段落番号〔0171〕に記載の事項を本発明に適用することができる。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、陽極と陰極との間に直流(必要に応じて交流成分を含んでもよい)電圧(通常2ボルト~15ボルト)、又は直流電流を印加することにより、発光を得ることができる。
本発明の有機電界発光素子の駆動方法については、特開平2-148687号、同6-301355号、同5-29080号、同7-134558号、同8-234685号、同8-241047号の各公報、特許第2784615号、米国特許5828429号、同6023308号の各明細書等に記載の駆動方法を適用することができる。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、その発光波長は前記本発明の有機電界発光素子用材料の極大発光波長と同様であり、光の三原色のうち、青色の発光に用いる。本発明の有機電界発光素子では、前記一般式(I)で表される化合物を発光材料として用いて青色発光させる。
本発明の有機電界発光素子は、表示素子、ディスプレイ、バックライト、電子写真、照明光源、記録光源、露光光源、読み取り光源、標識、看板、インテリア、又は光通信等に好適に利用できる。特に、発光装置、照明装置、表示装置等の発光輝度が高い領域で駆動されるデバイスに好ましく用いられる。
本発明の発光装置は、本発明の有機電界発光素子を含むことを特徴とする。
次に、図2を参照して本発明の発光装置について説明する。
本発明の発光装置は、前記有機電界発光素子を用いてなる。
図2は、本発明の発光装置の一例を概略的に示した断面図である。図2の発光装置20は、透明基板(支持基板)2、有機電界発光素子10、封止容器16等により構成されている。
ここで、接着層14としては、エポキシ樹脂等の光硬化型接着剤や熱硬化型接着剤を用いることができ、例えば熱硬化性の接着シートを用いることもできる。
本発明の照明装置は、本発明の有機電界発光素子を含むことを特徴とする。
次に、図3を参照して本発明の照明装置について説明する。
図3は、本発明の照明装置の一例を概略的に示した断面図である。本発明の照明装置40は、図3に示すように、前述した有機EL素子10と、光散乱部材30とを備えている。より具体的には、照明装置40は、有機EL素子10の基板2と光散乱部材30とが接触するように構成されている。
光散乱部材30は、光を散乱できるものであれば特に制限されないが、図3においては、透明基板31に微粒子32が分散した部材とされている。透明基板31としては、例えば、ガラス基板を好適に挙げることができる。微粒子32としては、透明樹脂微粒子を好適に挙げることができる。ガラス基板及び透明樹脂微粒子としては、いずれも、公知のものを使用できる。このような照明装置40は、有機電界発光素子10からの発光が散乱部材30の光入射面30Aに入射されると、入射光を光散乱部材30により散乱させ、散乱光を光出射面30Bから照明光として出射するものである。
本発明の表示装置は、本発明の有機電界発光素子を含むことを特徴とする。
本発明の表示装置としては、例えば、テレビ、パーソナルコンピュータ、携帯電話、電子ペーパ等の表示装置とすることなどを挙げることができる。
前記一般式(I)で表される化合物は、本明細書中に記載の方法や、その他公知の反応を組み合わせて合成することができる。以下に前記一般式(I)で表される化合物の具体的合成手順の代表例を記載する。
(合成例1)化合物1の合成
合成中間体3を900mg(1.82mmol)、1-ブロモ-3,5-ジメチルベンゼン674mg(3.64mmol)、トリス(ジベンジリデンアセトン)ジパラジウム168mg(0.182mmol)、2-(ジ-t-ブチルホスフィノ)ビフェニル108mg(0.364mmol)、t-ブトキシナトリウム526mg(5.48mmol)、およびキシレン20mLを混合し、窒素雰囲気下、3時間加熱還流した。反応液をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(展開溶媒:トルエン)により精製し、さらにトルエン/エタノール(1:4)により再結晶することにより化合物1を600mg得た(収率55%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,in DMSO-d6);δ(ppm)=9.32(s,1H),8.92(s,1H),8.60(s,1H),8.50(s,2H),8.45(s,1H),8.09(d,1H),7.87(d,1H),7.74-7.64(m,3H),7.41(s,1H),7.32(s,2H),7.19(d,1H),2.46(s,6H),1.49(s,9H),1.47(s,9H)ppm.
<純度確認>
有機電界発光素子の作製に用いた材料は全て昇華精製を行い、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(東ソーTSKgel ODS-100Z)により純度(254nmの吸収強度面積比)が99.9%以上であることを確認した。
厚み0.5mm、2.5cm角のITO膜を有するガラス基板(ジオマテック社製、表面抵抗10Ω/□)を洗浄容器に入れ、2-プロパノール中で超音波洗浄した後、30分間UV-オゾン処理を行った。この透明陽極(ITO膜)上に真空蒸着法にて以下の有機化合物層を順次蒸着した。
第1層:HAT-CN:膜厚10nm
第2層:HT-1:膜厚30nm
第3層:H-2および表1中に記載の発光材料(質量比96:4):膜厚30nm
第4層:ET-1:膜厚30nm
この上に、フッ化リチウム1nm及び金属アルミニウム100nmをこの順に蒸着し陰極とした。
得られた積層体を、大気に触れさせることなく、窒素ガスで置換したグローブボックス内に入れ、ガラス製の封止缶及び紫外線硬化型の接着剤(XNR5516HV、長瀬チバ(株)製)を用いて封止し、発光部分が2mm×2mmの正方形である有機電界発光素子1-1~1-10、および比較用の有機電界発光素子1-1~1-7を得た。これらの得られた各有機電界発光素子について、以下の試験を行った。発光効率、色純度、駆動色度変化の観点で評価した結果を下記表1に示す。
東陽テクニカ製ソースメジャーユニット2400を用いて、直流電圧を各素子に印加して発光させ、その輝度を輝度計(BM-8、(株)トプコン社製)を用いて測定した。発光スペクトルと発光波長は浜松ホトニクス製スペクトルアナライザーPMA-11を用いて測定した。各有機電界発光素子を輝度が1000cd/m2となるように発光させたときの発光スペクトルから色度(x、y)を求めた(CIE1931表色系)。このときのy値を以下の基準で、3段階で評価した。
○:0.12未満
△:0.12以上0.18未満
×:0.18以上
各有機電界発光素子を輝度が1000cd/m2になるように直流電圧を印加して発光させ続け、輝度が500cd/m2に低下したときの色度(x’、y’)を発光スペクトルから求めた(CIE1931表色系)。駆動劣化前後のy値の変化Δy(=|y’-Δy|)を以下の基準で、4段階で評価した。
◎:0.01未満
○:0.01以上0.02未満
△:0.02以上0.03未満
×:0.03以上
(c)駆動電圧上昇
各有機電界発光素子を輝度が1000cd/m2になるように直流電圧を印加して発光させ続け、輝度が500cd/m2に低下したときの電圧上昇値を、以下の2段階で評価した。
○:1.5V未満
△:1.5V以上2.5V未満
×:2.5V以上
層構成を以下に示すものに変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機電界発光素子を作製し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表2に示す。なお、下記表2の発光効率は、比較素子2-1の外部量子効率を1.0としたときの相対値で表示している。
第1層:HI-2:膜厚50nm
第2層:HT-2:膜厚45nm
第3層:H-3及び表2中に記載の発光材料(質量比96:4):膜厚25nm
第4層:ET-2:膜厚5nm
第5層:ET-3:膜厚20nm
層構成を以下に示すものに変えた以外は実施例1と同様にして有機電界発光素子を作製し、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表3に示す。なお、下記表3の発光効率は、比較用の有機電界発光素子3-1の外部量子効率を1.0としたときの相対値で表示している。
第1層:HI-2:膜厚10nm
第2層:NPD:膜厚30nm
第3層:表3中に記載のホスト材料および発光材料(96:4):膜厚30nm
第4層:ET-4:膜厚10nm
第5層:表3中に記載の電子輸送材料:膜厚20nm
-発光層形成用塗布液の調製-
発光材料1(0.25質量%)、ホスト材料ADN(5質量%)に、トルエン(94.75質量%)を混合し、発光層形成用塗布液1を得た。
発光層形成用塗布液1において発光材料1を発光材料4、6に変更した以外は発光層形成用塗布液1と同様にして、発光層形成用塗布液2,3を調製した。
25mm×25mm×0.7mmのガラス基板上にITOを150nmの厚みで蒸着し製膜したものを透明支持基板とした。この透明支持基板をエッチング、洗浄した。
このITOガラス基板上に、PTPDES-2(ケミプロ化成製、Tg=205℃)2質量部を電子工業用シクロヘキサノン(関東化学製)98質量部に溶解し、厚みが約40nmとなるようにスピンコート(2,000rpm、20秒間、)した後、120℃で30分間乾燥と160℃で10分間アニール処理することで、正孔注入層を成膜した。
PTPDES-2は下記構造を表す。
次いで、発光層上に、電子輸送層として、下記構造式で表されるBAlqを、厚みが40nmとなるように真空蒸着法にて形成した。
以上により作製した積層体を、アルゴンガスで置換したグロ-ブボックス内に入れ、ステンレス製の封止缶及び紫外線硬化型の接着剤(XNR5516HV、長瀬チバ(株)製)を用いて封止することで、有機電界発光素子4-1~4-3を作製した。
有機電界発光素子4-1~4-3、比較素子4-1~4-2について、実施例1と同様の評価を行った。結果を下記表4に示す。
3・・・陽極
4・・・正孔注入層
5・・・正孔輸送層
6・・・発光層
7・・・正孔ブロック層
8・・・電子輸送層
9・・・陰極
10・・・有機電界発光素子
11・・・有機層
12・・・保護層
14・・・接着層
16・・・封止容器
20・・・発光装置
30・・・光散乱部材
31・・・透明基板
30A・・光入射面
30B・・光出射面
32・・・微粒子
40・・・照明装置
Claims (24)
- 基板と、
該基板上に配置され、陽極及び陰極を含む一対の電極と、
該電極間に配置され、発光層を含む少なくとも一層の有機層とを有し、
前記少なくとも一層の有機層のいずれかの層に、下記一般式(I)で表される少なくとも一種の化合物を含有する有機電界発光素子。
一般式(I)
[上記一般式(I)において、R1~R6はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表すが、R1~R6のうちの隣り合う2つが互いに連結して環を形成することはない。Q1およびQ2はそれぞれ独立に、6員の芳香族環または6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を表す。Q1およびQ2が表す6員環にはさらに環が縮合していてもよい。X1~X4は、X1およびX4が単結合を表し、X2およびX3がそれぞれ独立にCR51R52、NR53、O、S、SiR54R55のいずれかで表される連結基を表すか、または、X2およびX3が単結合を表し、X1およびX4がそれぞれ独立にCR51R52、NR53、O、S、SiR54R55のいずれかで表される連結基を表す。R51~R55はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表す。一般式(I)は下記の条件1および条件2の少なくとも一方を満たす。
(条件1)Q1の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数とQ2の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数が異なる。
(条件2)X1およびX2の一方が表す連結基とX3およびX4の一方が表す連結基が異なる。] - 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(II-1)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
一般式(II-1)
[上記一般式(II-1)において、R11~R16はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表すが、R11~R16のうちの隣り合う2つが互いに連結して環を形成することはない。Q11およびQ12はそれぞれ独立に、6員の芳香族環または6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を表す。Q11およびQ12が表す6員環にはさらに環が縮合していてもよい。X11およびX14はそれぞれ独立にCR51R52、NR53、O、S、SiR54R55のいずれかで表される連結基を表す。R51~R55はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表す。一般式(II-1)は下記の条件1および条件2の少なくとも一方を満たす。
(条件1)Q11の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数とQ12の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数が異なる。
(条件2)X11が表す連結基とX14が表す連結基が異なる。] - 前記一般式(II-1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(II-2)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の有機電界発光素子。
一般式(II-2)
[上記一般式(II-2)において、R61~R66はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表すが、R61~R66のうちの隣り合う2つが互いに連結して環を形成することはない。R67~R74はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表し、R67~R74のうちの隣り合う2つが互いに結合して環構造を形成してもよいが、それにより形成される環の数は2つ以下である。X51およびX54はそれぞれ独立にCR51R52、NR53、O、S、SiR54R55のいずれかで表される連結基を表す。R51~R55はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表す。X51が表す連結基とX54が表す連結基は異なる。] - 前記一般式(II-2)において、X51およびX54がそれぞれ独立にCR51R52、NR53、Oのいずれかで表される連結基であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記一般式(II-2)において、X51およびX54のうちいずれか一方はNR53で表される連結基であり、他方はCR51R52、Oのいずれかで表される連結基であることを特徴とする請求項3または4に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記一般式(II-2)において、R61~R74およびR51~R55のうち少なくとも一つが、フッ素原子、アルキル基、シリル基、アミノ基、およびこれらを有するフェニル基または含窒素芳香族6員環のいずれかを有する置換基であることを特徴とする請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(III-1)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
一般式(III-1)
[上記一般式(III-1)において、R21~R26はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表すが、R21~R25のうちの隣り合う2つが互いに連結して環を形成することはない。Q21およびQ22はそれぞれ独立に、6員の芳香族環または6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を表す。Q12およびQ22が表す6員環にはさらに環が縮合していてもよい。X22およびX23はそれぞれ独立にCR51R52、NR53、O、S、SiR54R55のいずれかで表される連結基を表す。R51~R55はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表す。一般式(III-1)は下記の条件1および条件2の少なくとも一方を満たす。
(条件1)Q21の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数とQ22の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数が異なる。
(条件2)X22が表す連結基とX23が表す連結基が異なる。] - 前記一般式(III-1)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(III-2)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の有機電界発光素子。
一般式(III-2)
[上記一般式(III-2)において、R81~R86はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表すが、R61~R66のうちの隣り合う2つが互いに連結して環を形成することはない。R87~R94はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表し、R87~R94のうちの隣り合う2つが互いに結合して環構造を形成してもよいが、それにより形成される環の数は2つ以下である。X51およびX54はそれぞれ独立にCR51R52、NR53、O、S、SiR54R55のいずれかで表される連結基を表す。R51~R55はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表す。X52が表す連結基とX53が表す連結基は異なる。] - 前記一般式(III-2)において、X52およびX53がそれぞれ独立にCR51R52、NR53、Oのいずれかで表される連結基であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記一般式(III-2)において、X52およびX53のうちいずれか一方はNR53で表される連結基であり、他方はCR51R52、Oのいずれかで表される連結基であることを特徴とする請求項8または9に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記一般式(III-2)において、R81~R94およびR51~R55のうち少なくとも一つが、フッ素原子、アルキル基、シリル基、アミノ基、およびこれらを有するフェニル基または含窒素芳香族6員環のいずれかを有する置換基であることを特徴とする請求項8~10のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物が、下記一般式(IV)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
一般式(IV)
[上記一般式(IV)において、R31~R36はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表すが、R31~R36のうちの隣り合う2つが互いに連結して環を形成することはない。R37~R40はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表し、R37~R40のうちの隣り合う2つが互いに結合して環構造を形成してもよいが、それにより形成される環の数は2つ以下である。R41およびR42はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表す。A1~A4はそれぞれ独立にCR56またはNを表し、少なくとも1つはNを表す。R56は水素原子または置換基を表し、A1~A4のうちの隣り合う2つがCR56であるときに当該2つのR56どうしは互いに結合して環構造を形成してもよいが、それにより形成される環の数は2つ以下である。X31は、NR53、O、S、SiR54R55のいずれかで表される連結基を表す。R53~R55はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表す。] - 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物の分子量が800以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物が前記発光層に含有されることを特徴とする請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物が、前記発光層に含有される発光材料であることを特徴とする請求項14に記載に有機電界発光素子。
- 前記発光層にさらにホスト材料を含有することを特徴とする請求項15に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記ホスト材料が炭素数10~50の炭化水素縮合環構造を有することを特徴とする請求項16に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記ホスト材料がアントラセン骨格を有することを特徴とする請求項16に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 前記一般式(I)で表される化合物を含有する有機層が真空蒸着プロセスにて形成されてなることを特徴とする請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 発光層が湿式プロセスにて形成されてなることを特徴とする請求項1~18のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子を用いた発光装置。
- 請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子を用いた表示装置。
- 請求項1~20のいずれか一項に記載の有機電界発光素子を用いた照明装置。
- 下記一般式(I)で表される化合物。
一般式(I)
[上記一般式(I)において、R1~R6はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表すが、R1~R6のうちの隣り合う2つが互いに連結して環を形成することはない。Q1およびQ2はそれぞれ独立に、6員の芳香族環または6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を表す。Q1およびQ2が表す6員環にはさらに環が縮合していてもよい。X1~X4は、X1およびX4が単結合を表し、X2およびX3がそれぞれ独立にCR51R52、NR53、O、S、SiR54R55のいずれかで表される連結基を表すか、または、X2およびX3が単結合を表し、X1およびX4がそれぞれ独立にCR51R52、NR53、O、S、SiR54R55のいずれかで表される連結基を表す。R51~R55はそれぞれ独立に水素原子または置換基を表す。一般式(I)は下記の条件1および条件2の少なくとも一方を満たす。
(条件1)Q1の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数とQ2の前記6員の芳香族環または前記6員の含窒素芳香族ヘテロ環を構成する炭素数が異なる。
(条件2)X1およびX2の一方が表す連結基とX3およびX4の一方が表す連結基が異なる。]
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020147005479A KR101615831B1 (ko) | 2011-08-18 | 2012-08-06 | 유기 전계 발광 소자, 유기 전계 발광 소자용의 화합물, 그리고 그 소자를 사용한 발광 장치, 표시 장치 및 조명 장치 |
| US14/238,367 US9825237B2 (en) | 2011-08-18 | 2012-08-06 | Organic electroluminescent element, compound for organic electroluminescent element, and light-emitting device, display device, and illumination device using said element |
| TW101128983A TWI537273B (zh) | 2011-08-18 | 2012-08-10 | An organic electric field light emitting element, a compound for an organic electric field light emitting element, and a light emitting device, a display device and a lighting device using the same, |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2011179173 | 2011-08-18 | ||
| JP2011-179173 | 2011-08-18 | ||
| JP2011226619A JP5952543B2 (ja) | 2011-08-18 | 2011-10-14 | 有機電界発光素子、有機電界発光素子用の化合物、並びに該素子を用いた発光装置、表示装置及び照明装置 |
| JP2011-226619 | 2011-10-14 |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US9825237B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5952543B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101615831B1 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI537273B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2013024730A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103408484A (zh) * | 2013-07-22 | 2013-11-27 | 烟台万润精细化工股份有限公司 | 一种四烷基二茚并芘的衍生物及其应用 |
| CN104262347A (zh) * | 2014-08-30 | 2015-01-07 | 上海珂力恩特化学材料有限公司 | 含二吲唑并芘的蓝光半导体材料及其制备方法和由该材料制成的有机发光器件 |
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| JP5753027B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-22 | 2015-07-22 | ユー・ディー・シー アイルランド リミテッド | 有機電界発光素子、化合物、並びに該素子を用いた発光装置、表示装置及び照明装置 |
| JP2013093541A (ja) * | 2011-10-06 | 2013-05-16 | Udc Ireland Ltd | 有機電界発光素子とそれに用いることができる化合物および有機電界発光素子用材料、並びに該素子を用いた発光装置、表示装置及び照明装置 |
| KR102223482B1 (ko) * | 2018-04-19 | 2021-03-04 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 화합물 및 이를 포함하는 유기 발광 소자 |
| TWI875113B (zh) * | 2022-08-26 | 2025-03-01 | 天光材料科技股份有限公司 | 嵌段式共軛高分子材料及應用其之主動層材料及有機光電元件 |
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| KR20110041726A (ko) * | 2009-10-16 | 2011-04-22 | 에스에프씨 주식회사 | 방향족 화합물 및 이를 이용한 유기전계발광소자 |
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| US6849348B2 (en) | 2002-12-31 | 2005-02-01 | Eastman Kodak Company | Complex fluorene-containing compounds |
| DE102008035413A1 (de) | 2008-07-29 | 2010-02-04 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Verbindungen für organische elektronische Vorrichtungen |
| JP2010205986A (ja) * | 2009-03-04 | 2010-09-16 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | 有機トランジスタ |
| KR101314383B1 (ko) | 2009-07-15 | 2013-10-04 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 신규한 화합물 및 이를 이용한 유기 전자 소자 |
| KR101202347B1 (ko) * | 2009-10-09 | 2012-11-16 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 축합환 화합물 및 이를 포함한 유기층을 구비한 유기 발광 소자 |
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- 2011-10-14 JP JP2011226619A patent/JP5952543B2/ja active Active
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- 2012-08-06 US US14/238,367 patent/US9825237B2/en active Active
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- 2012-08-06 WO PCT/JP2012/069948 patent/WO2013024730A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2012-08-10 TW TW101128983A patent/TWI537273B/zh active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR20110041726A (ko) * | 2009-10-16 | 2011-04-22 | 에스에프씨 주식회사 | 방향족 화합물 및 이를 이용한 유기전계발광소자 |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103408484A (zh) * | 2013-07-22 | 2013-11-27 | 烟台万润精细化工股份有限公司 | 一种四烷基二茚并芘的衍生物及其应用 |
| CN103408484B (zh) * | 2013-07-22 | 2015-11-11 | 中节能万润股份有限公司 | 一种四烷基二茚并芘的衍生物及其应用 |
| CN104262347A (zh) * | 2014-08-30 | 2015-01-07 | 上海珂力恩特化学材料有限公司 | 含二吲唑并芘的蓝光半导体材料及其制备方法和由该材料制成的有机发光器件 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TWI537273B (zh) | 2016-06-11 |
| US20140291652A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
| TW201321386A (zh) | 2013-06-01 |
| JP2013058713A (ja) | 2013-03-28 |
| JP5952543B2 (ja) | 2016-07-13 |
| US9825237B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 |
| KR20140053257A (ko) | 2014-05-07 |
| KR101615831B1 (ko) | 2016-04-26 |
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