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WO2013023818A1 - Détection d'un défaut de type fuite de flux magnétique dans des cordons - Google Patents

Détection d'un défaut de type fuite de flux magnétique dans des cordons Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013023818A1
WO2013023818A1 PCT/EP2012/061682 EP2012061682W WO2013023818A1 WO 2013023818 A1 WO2013023818 A1 WO 2013023818A1 EP 2012061682 W EP2012061682 W EP 2012061682W WO 2013023818 A1 WO2013023818 A1 WO 2013023818A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic flux
variations
cords
detector
equipment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2012/061682
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hans VANDENBUSSCHE
Koen Reynaert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bekaert NV SA
Original Assignee
Bekaert NV SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bekaert NV SA filed Critical Bekaert NV SA
Priority to CN201280036461.3A priority Critical patent/CN103703361B/zh
Publication of WO2013023818A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013023818A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
    • G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
    • G01N27/83—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B7/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, rope- or cable-making machines; Auxiliary apparatus associated with such machines
    • D07B7/02—Machine details; Auxiliary devices
    • D07B7/08—Alarms or stop motions responsive to exhaustion or breakage of filamentary material fed from supply reels or bobbins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2207/00—Rope or cable making machines
    • D07B2207/20—Type of machine
    • D07B2207/202—Double twist unwinding
    • D07B2207/203—Double twist unwinding comprising flyer
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2207/00—Rope or cable making machines
    • D07B2207/20—Type of machine
    • D07B2207/204—Double twist winding
    • D07B2207/205—Double twist winding comprising flyer
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2207/00—Rope or cable making machines
    • D07B2207/20—Type of machine
    • D07B2207/207—Sequential double twisting devices
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2301/00—Controls
    • D07B2301/30—Signals indicating failure or excessive conditions, e.g. overheating
    • D07B2301/307—Breakage of wire or strand or rope
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2301/00—Controls
    • D07B2301/45—Controls for diagnosing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B2301/00—Controls
    • D07B2301/55—Sensors
    • D07B2301/5531—Sensors using electric means or elements
    • D07B2301/555—Sensors using electric means or elements for measuring magnetic properties

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an assembly of winding or twisting
  • the invention also relates to a method for detecting an event such as a steel filament fracture or a steel filament weld during twisting or winding of a cord comprising steel filaments.
  • Old British patent GB 306,232 already discloses electro-magnetic testing of steel wire ropes or other articles of magnetisable material.
  • the steel wire rope under test forms part of a magnetic flux path. Variations in the mass of the steel wire rope cause magnetic flux variations which may be indicative of broken wires inside the steel wire rope.
  • Cords for the reinforcement of polymers or rubbers typically comprise between two and one hundred thirty three or even more steel filaments, e.g. between two and twenty-seven steel filaments.
  • the steel filament diameter typically ranges from 0.03 mm to 0.60 mm, e.g. between 0.10 mm and 0.40 mm.
  • the purpose of the system is to detect fractures of single filaments inside the cord, which means that the system must be able to recognize "events" where the change in mass of is magnetisable material is small. As a result, threshold values which trigger the alarms must be kept small as well. The drawback, however, is that a lot of false alarms are triggered.
  • magnetisable material in the neighbourhood of the detector and parts of this material are moving or rotating during the manufacture thereby influencing the amount of magnetic flux in the detector.
  • Such magnetic actuators are magnetic brakes or relays.
  • an assembly of a winding or twisting equipment and a detector is provided.
  • the winding or twisting equipment is adapted for winding or twisting one or more cords which comprises or comprise magnetisable filaments.
  • the detector is installed on or is connected to the equipment.
  • the detector comprises:
  • a module for transforming these variations from the time domain in the frequency domain e.g. by applying a fast Fourrier transform to these variations
  • a decision module for deciding whether or not to stop working of the equipment depending upon the result of the values in the frequency domain, e.g. the values of the fast Fourrier transform.
  • the weight of the cords typically ranges from 0.5 g/m to 50 g/m, e.g. from 0.5 g/m to 35 g/m.
  • magnet refers to any device having a magnetic north pole and south pole.
  • the magnet can be a permanent magnet or a electro-magnet.
  • the term "sensor” refers to an induction spool or to a semi-conductor sensor.
  • An example of a semiconductor sensor is a Hall probe.
  • the variations in the magnetic flux are no longer analyzed in the time domain but in the frequency domain.
  • the frequency domain has proven to discriminate more between on the one hand the "events” that need to be detected such as filament fracture, knot or weld, and "events” that need not to be detected such as vibrations, influence of magnetic actuators, influence of neighbouring magnetisable machine parts, ... As a result, the triggering of false alarms has been drastically reduced.
  • the detection has been taught with "events" to be detected and “events” not to be detected.
  • a steel cord with the presence of a weld at the level of a steel filament or a steel cord with one or more broken steel filaments is guided through the detector.
  • the typical frequencies and amplitudes generated by these events are memorized in the system.
  • the twisting apparatus and / or the winding apparatus are stopped each time a similar pattern of frequencies and amplitudes is seen by the system.
  • the detector also has an event detector module applying a
  • This event detector module has the advantage that only in case the variations exceed a certain threshold, the calculations of the frequency transformation algorithm are started. So in regime, i.e. without any threshold exceeded, no calculations need to be carried out.
  • this threshold is dynamic and is not a predetermined and fixed value.
  • this threshold is a number of times the normal ("normal": in the absence of events to be avoided) noise value.
  • a method for detecting an event such as a magnetisable filament fracture or a magnetisable filament weld during twisting or winding of a cord comprising magnetisable filaments.
  • the method comprises the steps of:
  • steps d) and e) are only initiated once a certain threshold is being exceeded.
  • step e) the frequencies of the variations are compared with a set of reference frequencies and / or amplitudes which correspond to events to be avoided.
  • Figure 1 explains the principle working of magnetic flux detection for
  • Figure 2a is a time domain curve of a filament fracture
  • Figure 2b is a frequency curve of a filament fracture
  • Figure 3a is a time domain curve of vibrations
  • Figure 3b is a frequency curve of vibrations
  • Figure 4a is a time domain curve of magnetic brake coupling
  • Figure 4b is a frequency curve of magnetic brake coupling
  • Figure 5a is a time domain curve of a filament knot
  • Figure 5b is a frequency domain curve of a filament knot
  • Figure 6a is a time domain curve of a cord weld
  • Figure 6b is a frequency domain curve of a cord weld
  • Figure 7a is a time domain curve of a kink
  • Figure 7b is a frequency domain curve of a kink
  • Figure 8 is a schematic drawing of an assembly of, on the one hand a twisting equipment and a winding equipment, and, on the other hand, a detector.
  • the present invention is useful for detecting failures on cords which
  • magnetisable filaments refer to filaments made of a ferromagnetic material, i.e. a material with a relative magnetic permeability ⁇ ⁇ that is greater than one.
  • ferromagnetic materials are iron, low-carbon steel, high- carbon steel, micro-alloyed high-carbon steel.
  • the relative magnetic permeability ⁇ ⁇ of pure iron varies between 150 and 5000 and that of 0.90 weight per cent carbon steel varies between 50 and 100.
  • a typical low-carbon steel composition has a carbon content ranging
  • the complete composition may be as follows: a carbon content of 0.06 wt %, a silicon content of 0.166 wt %, a chromium content of 0.042 wt %, a copper content of 0.173 wt %, a manganese content of 0.382 wt %, a molybdenum content of 0.013 wt %, a nitrogen content of 0.006 wt %, a nickel content of 0.077 wt %, a phosphorus content of 0.007 wt %, a sulfur content of 0.013 wt %.
  • a typical high-carbon steel composition has a minimum carbon content of 0.65 wt %, a manganese content ranging from 0.40 wt % to 0.70 wt %, a silicon content ranging from 0.15 wt % to 0.30 wt %, a maximum sulfur content of 0.03 wt %, a maximum phosphorus content of 0.30 wt %.
  • micro-alloyed high-carbon steel composition following elements may be added to the composition:
  • chromium in amounts ranging from 0.10% to 1 .0%, e.g. from 0.10 to 0.50%
  • nickel (%Ni) in amounts ranging from 0.05% to 2.0%, e.g. from 0.10% to 0.60%;
  • cobalt in amounts ranging from 0.05% to 3.0%; e.g. from 0.10% to 0.60%;
  • %V vanadium
  • %Cu copper
  • niobium (%Nb) in amounts ranging from 0.001 % to 0.50%, e.g. from 0.02% to 0.05%;
  • %Ti titanium (%Ti): in amounts ranging from 0.001 % to 0.50%, e.g. from 0.001 % to 0.010%;
  • %Ca calcium (%Ca): in amounts ranging from 0.001 % to 0.05%, e.g. from 0.0001 % to 0.01 %;
  • tungsten e.g. in an amount of about 0.20%;
  • %Zr zirconium
  • %AI aluminum preferably in amounts lower than 0.035%, e.g. lower than
  • the cords must contain at least one filament of a ferromagnetic material.
  • Hybrid cords which comprise both organic filaments or material and carbon steel filaments are not excluded.
  • Hybrid cords which comprise both stainless steel filaments and carbon steel filaments are neither excluded.
  • cords with only stainless steel filaments are usually not fit, since the majority of the stainless steels are not ferromagnetic.
  • the majority of stainless steels have a relative magnetic permeability ⁇ ⁇ in the close to one. Despite this property, the assembly according to the invention is still adapted to detect the presence of welds in stainless steel filaments since the welding operation influences the magnetic permeability at the level of the welds.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic drawing aiming to explain the principle working of the magnetic flux detection of failures in a steel cord.
  • the detector has a cylindrical permanent magnet 102 with a north pole 104 and a south pole 106.
  • Magnetic flux lines 108 travel inside the permanent magnet from the south pole 106 to the north pole 104.
  • the magnetic flux path 108 is closed outside the magnet 102 by a steel cord 1 10 passing through the magnet 102 in direction 1 12.
  • the steel cord 1 10 is saturated by the magnetic flux.
  • a steel cord 1 10 without any defects or failures has the same mass or volume of magnetic material passing through the magnet 102.
  • the magnetic flux ⁇ does not change and the inductions coils do not detect changes in flux ⁇ .
  • One of the "events" which must be detected is filament fracture.
  • the steel cord 1 10 has a steel filament fracture resulting in a missing steel filament along a certain length or at a certain spot 1 14. This change of magnetic mass results in flux leakage and in a deviation of the flux pattern 1 16.
  • the axial magnetic flux detector 122 can detect the deviating axial magnetic flux pattern 120.
  • the flux leakage detector 124 can detect the magnetic flux leakage.
  • Figure 2a shows the change 220 in magnetic flux (d tVdt) when a filament fracture occurs.
  • Curve 222 is a sinus corresponding to a reference frequency determined by the speed of the twisting equipment or of the winding equipment.
  • Figure 3a shows the change 330 in magnetic flux (d tVdt) as a result of unavoidable vibrations of the steel cord.
  • Figure 4a shows the change 440 in magnetic flux (d tVdt) as a result of the influence of magnetic brakes in the neighborhood of the detector.
  • Figure 5a shows the change 502 magnetic flux (d tVdt) as a result of the the occurrence of a filament knot.
  • Figure 6a shows the change 602 in magnetic flux (d tVdt) as a result of the occurrence of a weld in one steel filament.
  • Figure 7a shows the change 702 in magnetic flux (d tVdt) as a result of the occurrence of a kink or bird caging.
  • Figure 2b is the frequency domain curve of Figure 2a after fast Fourrier transformation.
  • Figure 3b is the frequency domain curve of Figure 3a after fast Fourrier transformation.
  • Figure 4b is the frequency domain curve of Figure 4a after fast Fourrier transformation.
  • Figure 5b is the frequency domain curve of Figure 5a after fast Fourrier transformation.
  • Figure 6b is the frequency domain curve of Figure 6a after fast Fourrier transformation.
  • Figure 7b is the frequency domain curve of Figure 7a after fast Fourrier transformation.
  • a filament fracture leads to frequency data 224.
  • a filament knot leads to frequency data 504.
  • a weld leads to frequency data 604.
  • a kink or bird cage leads to frequency data 704. All these data 224, 504, 604 and 704 are below the reference frequency 226, 336, 446, 506, 606 and 706.
  • Figure 8 illustrates an assembly 800 of, on the one hand a twisting
  • the detector 830 is installed on or is connected to the twisting equipment 810 or winding equipment 820.
  • twisting equipment 810 illustrated is a double-twister (also called buncher) and shows one way to make a 1x3 steel cord, i.e. a steel cord having three steel filaments.
  • the third steel filament 813 is unwound from an internal spool 814.
  • the steel filaments 81 1 , 813 are led to a reversing pulley 815 at which level they receive already a first twist per rotation of flyer 816.
  • the thus partially twisted steel filaments 81 1 , 813 are guided over the flyer 816 to a guiding pulley 817.
  • the three partially twisted steel filaments 81 1 , 813 receive a second twist per rotation of flyer 816 to form the final steel cord 818.
  • the finalized steel cord 818 passes through the magnetic flux detector 830 and is further guided to be wound eventually on a spool 822.
  • the invention is not linnited to a detector installed on a double-twisting equipment but is also applicable to tubular twisting machines or so-called cabling machines and to single-twisting machines.
  • the invention is neither limited to a detector installation between twisting equipment and winding equipment, but can be installed on a twisting equipment only or on a winding equipment only.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un ensemble (500) comprenant un équipement d'enroulement (520) ou un équipement de torsion (510) et un détecteur (530), ledit équipement d'enroulement (520) ou équipement de torsion (510) étant conçu pour enrouler ou pour torsader un cordon (110, 518) comprenant des filaments susceptibles de magnétisation. Le détecteur (530) est monté sur, ou est relié à l'équipement (510, 520) et comprend : a) un aimant (102) permettant le passage du cordon (110), b) un détecteur (122, 124) pour mesurer les variations (220, 330, 440) du flux magnétique généré par le passage du cordon (110), c) un échantillonneur pour échantillonner les variations (220, 330, 440) du flux magnétique, d) un module pour transposer ces variations (220, 330, 440) du domaine temporel au domaine fréquentiel, e) et un module de décision pour décider de l'arrêt ou non de l'équipement en fonction des valeurs obtenues (224, 334, 444) après transposition dans le domaine fréquentiel.
PCT/EP2012/061682 2011-08-18 2012-06-19 Détection d'un défaut de type fuite de flux magnétique dans des cordons Ceased WO2013023818A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201280036461.3A CN103703361B (zh) 2011-08-18 2012-06-19 股绳中的磁通量泄漏误差探测

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11177973.2 2011-08-18
EP11177973 2011-08-18

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WO2013023818A1 true WO2013023818A1 (fr) 2013-02-21

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016032492A1 (fr) * 2014-08-28 2016-03-03 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Appareil et procédé d'indicateur de qualité de capteur de flux magnétique
CN106801354A (zh) * 2017-01-12 2017-06-06 江苏兴达钢帘线股份有限公司 外绕机钢帘线生产控制方法
WO2018110039A1 (fr) * 2016-12-13 2018-06-21 三菱電機株式会社 Détecteur de défauts de câble métallique
JPWO2021085156A1 (fr) * 2019-11-01 2021-05-06
US20220187246A1 (en) * 2020-06-11 2022-06-16 Harbin Institute Of Technology (Shenzhen) (Institute Of Science And Technology Innovation) Nondestructive testing method and device for detecting and distinguishing internal defect and external defect of wire rope
US11613846B2 (en) * 2017-10-27 2023-03-28 Bekaert Advanced Cords Aalter Nv Belt comprising steel cords adapted for wear detection
JP7351394B1 (ja) 2022-10-25 2023-09-27 フジテック株式会社 ロープテスタ用検査装置

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CN105675654B (zh) * 2016-03-14 2019-01-08 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 质量检测装置及质量检测方法
CN109026974A (zh) * 2018-09-26 2018-12-18 安徽博耐克摩擦材料有限公司 一种汽车用刹车线
CN112902821B (zh) * 2021-01-08 2021-12-10 电子科技大学 一种在线测量捻距并依此评估钢丝绳健康状态的方法
CN113916409A (zh) * 2021-11-04 2022-01-11 北京奇力建通工程技术有限公司 一种不锈钢钢索的索力测量方法及测量系统

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CN106471364A (zh) * 2014-08-28 2017-03-01 米其林集团总公司 磁通量传感器质量指示器设备和方法
US10168300B2 (en) 2014-08-28 2019-01-01 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Magnetic flux sensor quality indicator apparatus and method
CN106471364B (zh) * 2014-08-28 2019-11-01 米其林集团总公司 磁通量传感器质量指示器设备和方法
WO2016032492A1 (fr) * 2014-08-28 2016-03-03 Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin Appareil et procédé d'indicateur de qualité de capteur de flux magnétique
WO2018110039A1 (fr) * 2016-12-13 2018-06-21 三菱電機株式会社 Détecteur de défauts de câble métallique
CN106801354A (zh) * 2017-01-12 2017-06-06 江苏兴达钢帘线股份有限公司 外绕机钢帘线生产控制方法
US11613846B2 (en) * 2017-10-27 2023-03-28 Bekaert Advanced Cords Aalter Nv Belt comprising steel cords adapted for wear detection
JPWO2021085156A1 (fr) * 2019-11-01 2021-05-06
JP7241907B2 (ja) 2019-11-01 2023-03-17 三菱電機株式会社 ワイヤロープ探傷装置
WO2021085156A1 (fr) * 2019-11-01 2021-05-06 三菱電機株式会社 Dispositif de détection de défaut de câble métallique
US20220187246A1 (en) * 2020-06-11 2022-06-16 Harbin Institute Of Technology (Shenzhen) (Institute Of Science And Technology Innovation) Nondestructive testing method and device for detecting and distinguishing internal defect and external defect of wire rope
US11703477B2 (en) * 2020-06-11 2023-07-18 Harbn Institute Of Technology (Shenzhen) (Institute Of Science And Technology Innovation) Nondestructive testing method and device for detecting and distinguishing internal defect and external defect of wire rope
JP7351394B1 (ja) 2022-10-25 2023-09-27 フジテック株式会社 ロープテスタ用検査装置
JP2024062591A (ja) * 2022-10-25 2024-05-10 フジテック株式会社 ロープテスタ用検査装置

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Publication number Publication date
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