WO2013020895A1 - Method for producing a machine element and machine element, more particularly a shaft bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for producing a machine element such as a shaft bearing (30). According to the invention, an additive production method is used, for example laser melting or laser sintering, whereby a highly-complex component structure can be advantageously produced in one work step. Damping spring elements (22), which are supported on a slide surface (25) of an inner ring (auxiliary body 31) are produced as an integral component of an outer ring (base body 11) in this process. A shaft, not shown, can be supported in the auxiliary body, the shaft being supported in a housing, not shown, via the base body (11). If the shaft is radially offset about a center axis (33), the damping spring elements (22) are deformed, bringing about the spring effect. The damping effect is the result of the damping spring elements rubbing simultaneously on the slide surface (25) and causing frictional losses. General machine elements, more particularly shaft bearings that have the described properties, are also presented.

Description

description

Method for producing a machine element and

Machine element, in particular shaft bearings

The invention relates to a method for producing a machine element with an additive manufacturing method. This is a three-dimensional structure of the

Machine element obtained by solidification of a liquid or powdery material. Moreover, the invention relates to a machine element which has been produced by the method specified above. Finally, the invention relates in particular to a shaft bearing, which was produced by the method specified above.

A method of the type specified above and machine elements produced by this method in the form of

Moldings are generally, for example, from DE

102 08 150 AI known. As an additive manufacturing process, for example, a laser melting or

 Laser sintering method can be used. Here, the material to be processed is supplied in layers in the form of a powder of the manufacturing device and melted in the respective layers by means of a laser, the material and solidified in this way. The excess powder can after production of the molding, for example of the

Machine element can be removed and the finished component removed from the powder bed. As a basis for

Production of the component is a construction platform used, which is preferably flat.

The object of the invention is the beginning

specified additive manufacturing process to the effect that with this also machine elements

can be produced, which can take on relatively complex tasks. It is also the task of

Invention machine elements, in particular shaft bearings, specify which only with an additive

Manufacturing process can be produced.

The object is achieved with the method specified in the present invention, characterized in that the machine element has a base body which is made in one piece with a spring-damper element. In this case, the spring-damper element is made taking into account the elasticity of the material as a deformable spring. The

Machine element is also equipped with a sliding surface

manufactured, at which the spring-damper element at a

Deformation with a provided on the spring-damper element counter surface slides along. In other words, according to the invention, the spring-damper element is realized in that the elasticity of the material is utilized to produce a deformable spring. However, if a material is selected which has a sufficient elasticity for this purpose, then the damping of this material is not sufficient for many vibration engineering tasks. Therefore, the invention provides that the spring-damper element characterized with a greater damping

can be equipped that with the geometry of the

Machine element is taken into account that at a

Deformation of the spring-damper element, a sliding of a counter surface provided for this purpose on the spring-damper element takes place on a sliding surface of the machine element. These

Friction advantageously generates an additional

Damping effect, with the necessary,

comparatively complex component geometries, the one

simultaneous springing of the spring-damper element and sliding of the spring-damper element on the sliding surface

allow, can be produced by additive manufacturing process advantageously without additional manufacturing effort. Thus, the advantage of an application of additive manufacturing process according to the invention can be used optimally, with components arise which with few structural

Single components get along, can be produced in one operation and in the best case even in one piece are executed, and thereby complex movements

can realize.

Machine elements which are produced according to the method according to the invention can be used, in particular, as spare parts

 Find use. This can advantageously save the effort to keep larger stocks of spare parts. In particular, when a machine is no longer produced as standard, so the need for spare parts can be covered as long as required by each spare parts are produced in each case. A stock that after

Cessation of mass production would be necessary

be completely saved. Advantageously, it is also possible that the machines in the original equipment with

Machine components, the production of which is more cost-effective in a conventional way than using additive manufacturing techniques. Thus, the machine can be offered at competitive prices on the market. Only the equipment of the machine with spare parts is then

more economical, if these by means of the additive

Manufacturing process can be produced.

The functions that the machine element must fulfill are thus generated in a manner that takes into account the peculiarities of additive manufacturing. In particular, combinations of different materials can be replaced by more complex geometric structures of a material, as this facilitates the additive manufacturing process. While namely complex geometries with

comparatively low additional expenditure due to additive

 Manufacturing process can be produced, the change between different materials causes a large overhead in the additive production. In the sense of the

Invention, therefore, a spring-damper element in a conventional way easier using different materials, such as rubber as a damper and a

Metal structure as a spring, produce. In which

Machine element, which is manufactured additive, becomes one implemented more complicated geometric principle, which works with a material. This ensures the

Spring action by its elastic material properties and the damping effect by generating a friction of relatively movable parts of the machine element.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the spring-damper element is produced as a torsion spring or as a bending spring. Both structures can be advantageous in a simple manner with additive

Produce manufacturing process. As additives

Manufacturing process is preferably the laser melting or laser sintering used. This can be done under a

Kunststofflasersinterns in particular a thermoplastic

be used, such as. B. polyamide (PA 12). Other

Plastics are for example PP or PEEK.

According to a further embodiment of the method according to the invention it is provided that between the sliding surface and the counter surface, a gap is provided, which can be bridged by a movement of the spring-damper element. Such a gap must be due to the production between components between which a relative movement should be possible, are provided. Since the machine element is obtained from a powder bed, the two would

Otherwise components of the machine element stick together. The intermediate space can be advantageously provided when the spring-damper element is initially intended to be damped as little as possible at low deflection. Only when a deformation of the spring-damper element, the gap was reduced to a contact of the counter surface and the sliding surface, begins by a further deformation of the spring-damper element, an additional damping effect, by sliding the sliding surface on the counter surface comes. The term "sliding surface" should not be understood in the context of this invention to mean that it should have the lowest possible frictional resistance with respect to the sliding spring-damper element is about the resulting sliding friction between the

Sliding surface and the mating surface of the spring-damper element of the damping effect set. Other ways to increase or decrease the attenuation can

constructive by influencing the resulting pressure between the sliding surface and counter surface or by the

Area of the same.

According to another embodiment of the invention

provided that in the base body of the machine element, an auxiliary body is produced. This is produced during production in a manufacturing position to the main body and the spring-damper element such that forms a gap between the auxiliary body both the base body and the spring-damper element. After manufacture, the auxiliary body is moved to a mounting position, in which the auxiliary body is held in the main body. This is the space in other words

bridged, so that by the support of the auxiliary body in the body at a deformation of the spring-damper element immediately friction effects occur, leading to a damping. This can advantageously be an enlarged

Damping effect of the machine element can be achieved. The holder of the auxiliary body in the base body can for example be done by a locking of the auxiliary body is possible in the base body. In this case is between

Base body and auxiliary body no relative movement longer possible. The springs, which are anchored, for example, in the body are then slide in their deformation on the formed by the auxiliary body sliding surfaces to form friction effects along.

Another possibility is that the auxiliary body is held by the base-mounted on the spring-damper elements. Since these are themselves elastic, comes

This creates a floating storage. As soon as the auxiliary body is moved by impressing an external force, the spring-damper elements are used, due to the installation-related bridging of the gap and the friction-related damping effect can be used immediately.

According to another embodiment of the invention

provided that the auxiliary body is produced in such a nested manner with the base body, that the auxiliary body is inseparable from the base body. In this case, advantageously, a special property of additive manufacturing processes is used in which structures can be produced which would not be able to be mounted if their components were manufactured separately. Of the

Advantage of such a nested production is that the auxiliary body is held captive in the body and thus the risk of assembly errors can be advantageously reduced.

A particular embodiment of the method according to the invention is obtained when the sliding surface is made as part of the auxiliary body and the sliding surface rests in the mounting position of the auxiliary body on the undeformed spring-damper element. As a result, the already mentioned elastic

Storage of the body allows in the auxiliary body. The main body may, for example, for receiving a further machine element, such. B. a shaft to be stored, serve. As soon as it is displaced in its position due to external forces (for example vibrations due to an imbalance), the invention reacts

Machine element with an elastic receptacle of

resulting bearing forces and a simultaneous damping of movement.

If the machine element is produced as a shaft bearing, it is advantageous if the base body is designed as an outer ring, which has a fixed support of the

Shaft bearing allowed, and the auxiliary body is designed as an inner ring, which allows storage of the shaft to be stored. A bearing of the inner ring in the outer ring is realized here by several spring-damper elements with play or under bias. Below that is already to understand mentioned floating storage. Freedom of movement of the inner ring comes by exploiting the elasticity of the spring-damper elements and possibly additionally the

available game, which allow the inner ring moves within certain limits. The movement then simultaneously generates the desired damping effect by friction generated between the spring-damper elements and the sliding surfaces. Such a shaft bearing can be realized, for example, by the spring-damper elements are designed as bending springs, which are designed as part of the outer ring. These cling tangentially to the outside of the inner ring. The fact that several bending springs are used, it is achieved that, in a radial deflection of the inner ring extending perpendicular to the deflection direction bending springs mainly act as springs by the

Deformation of the springs generates a counterforce. Those bending springs, which are more in the direction of the deflection, deform only slightly. However, here is one

 To record relative movement of the counter-surfaces provided by the bending springs on the sliding surfaces in the inner ring, whereby thereby a friction-induced damping of the movement comes about.

It is particularly advantageous if the inner ring with

variable outer diameter is made such that during manufacture between the outside of

Inner ring and the spring-damper elements creates a gap. This has the already mentioned effect that a relative movement after production of the body and the auxiliary body between these two components is still possible. In order to improve the friction properties between the realized sliding surfaces and mating surfaces, however, after manufacturing, the inner ring is rotated by turning it around

Center axis so brought into a mounting position, that the sliding surfaces in the form of annular regions with a comparatively larger outer diameter with the spring-damper elements in Come in contact. This is once the floating

Guaranteed bearing of the inner ring in the outer ring; In addition, the damping effect of the spring-damper elements is increased in the manner already described. The variable

Outer diameter can be advantageously realized in particular by a wave-shaped or polygonal outer side of the inner ring.

Furthermore, the object mentioned above is achieved by a machine element, which according to the above

explained method is made. Also, the object mentioned above can be achieved by a shaft bearing, which according to an embodiment of the above

described method is made. An alternative production of a machine element or a shaft bearing having the properties described above, that the machine element has a base body, which is integrally formed with at least one spring-damper element, and at the same time provided by the machine element, a sliding surface on which the spring Damper element slides in a deformation with a mating surface, is currently not known, so that for such machine elements, in particular shaft bearings, as such

Protection is sought.

Further details of the invention are described below with reference to the drawing. The same or corresponding drawing elements are each the same

Reference numerals provided and will be explained only several times, as differences between the individual

Figures result. 1 shows an embodiment of the method according to the invention, an embodiment of the machine element according to the invention in section, which was produced by the method according to FIG. 1, Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the

 Shaft bearing according to the invention as a three-dimensional view and

Figure 4 to 6 different variants of the shaft bearing according to

 Figure 3 as a plan.

In the method according to FIG. 1, a laser sintering method of polyamide is applied to a machine element

manufacture. This consists only of a base body 11, wherein this base body is produced in a powder bed 12, which is located in a container 13. The

Powder bed is built up in layers, with this one

Feeder 14, the powder is metered from a reservoir 15 and smoothed by means of a doctor blade 16 layers. Possible directions of movement of the feed device is indicated by the double arrow 17. In the individual layers, which are not shown in detail in FIG. 1, the laser beam 19 is directed by means of a deflection optics 20 onto the surface of the laser

Powder bed is directed and focused, melted, so that the structure of the body 11 is formed. For this purpose, the deflection optics is moved, for example, in the direction indicated by a double arrow 21 way.

The machine element produced according to FIG. 1 with the main body 11 is at the same time a

Embodiment of the machine element according to the invention. This has a spring-damper element 22, which is designed as a plate spring, which is held in the middle. This creates a stamp 23, which by a

Deflection due to a force F (see Figure 2) can be moved. While maintaining a gap 24, a curved sliding surface 25 in the form of a funnel is provided in the base body, to which the punch 23 can be moved. Here comes the edge of the spring-damper element with the Sliding surface 25 in contact, whereby the counter-surface 26 is formed on the spring-damper element in the outer region as a plate spring, which slides on the sliding surfaces 25 as the deformation of the spring-damper element 22 progresses.

In Figure 2, the machine element in the deformed state (shown exaggerated) can be seen. The force F acts on a pressure surface 27, which is provided for this purpose. As a result, the punch 23 in the direction of

Sliding surface 25 is pressed, the contact between the

 Spring-damper element 22 and the sliding surface 25 at the same time leads to a deformation of the spring-damper element. It should also be mentioned that the deforming housing is used as a spring element, whereby the spring-damper element 22 is supported. To leave an interior 28 of the

 Machine element to remove the unused powder, a suitable opening 29 may be provided in the wall. In Figure 3, a shaft bearing 30 is shown as a machine element. The main body 11 in this embodiment consists of an outer ring, while within this outer ring captive an auxiliary body 31 is made in the form of an inner ring. The function of the shaft bearing is due to the interaction of the outer ring, which is supported for example in a housing, not shown, and the inner ring with a tread 32 for a not

guaranteed wave guaranteed. Between the base body 11 and the auxiliary body 31 is a radial clearance 34 with respect to the central axis 33 is possible, which lies in the axis of symmetry of the shaft, not shown. The radial clearance 34 between the base body and auxiliary body allows this radial displacement of the auxiliary body 31 in the main body 11. To limit the relative movement, the spring-damper elements 22 are held torsionally rigid in the base body 11 in the form of bending springs at one end. The spring-damper elements can with an outer side of the annular auxiliary body 31st be engaged, so that this outer side provides the sliding surfaces 25. Since between the spring-damper elements 22 and the auxiliary body 31, the gap 24 must be realized in order to make these two components additive in one step without cohesive connection to each other, the auxiliary body 31 despite providing the spring-damper elements 22 a little play on. However, this is immediately used up in an axial displacement of the auxiliary body 31, which leads to a deformation of the respective spring-damper elements 22 and the occurrence of friction between the sliding surfaces 25 and the counter-surfaces 26 formed by the spring-damper elements 22. As a result, both a force absorption (cushioning) and a damping of movements of the shaft is generated in the radial direction.

In order to achieve a bias between the auxiliary body 31 and the base body 11, the auxiliary body 31 in the region of the spring-damper elements 22 also polygonal (with

rounded corners). According to FIG. 4, in which six spring-damper elements 22 are provided on the visible side of the main body 11, the annular auxiliary body 31 accordingly has a hexagonal outer contour. In Figure 4, the position of the auxiliary body 31 in the

Production situation shown. After production, this can be rotated by 30 °, wherein he occupies the position shown in phantom position 35 and engages in not shown detents of the body 11. The

Overlapping of this position 35 with the spring-damper elements 22 according to Figure 4 shows that this by the

Auxiliary body are pressed outwards and so on

 Bias is generated in the spring-damper elements 22.

The shaft bearing according to Figures 3 and 4 can be seen only from one side. On this page to be recognized six spring-damper elements 22 are arranged. In order to obtain a symmetrical force distribution, can also on the

side facing away from a comparable structure consisting of six spring-damper elements being constructed. Preferably, this formation can also be arranged offset by 30 ° to a more uniform

Force to reach into the auxiliary body. FIGS. 5 and 6 show alternative embodiments for the outer contour of the auxiliary body 31 in the region of the spring / damper elements 22, one of which is shown schematically by way of example in FIGS. 5 and 6. Due to the sinusoidal profile of the outer contours of the auxiliary body according to FIG. 5, particularly large ones can be advantageously used

 Reach bias voltages. It can also be seen from FIG. 5 that in the case shown there, eight spring-damper elements 22 are arranged on the circumference. Other numbers of spring-damper elements are of course feasible. In Figure 6, the auxiliary body in the region of the spring-damper elements 22 has an outer contour which is connected to the

Gearwheel of a chain gear recalls. It is important that the sliding surfaces 25 are each plane, so that the pairing of the sliding surface 25 and the mating surface, not shown, of the spring-damper elements 22 receives the largest possible surface area. As a result, the friction-related damping effect can be advantageously maximized.

Claims

claims 1. A method for producing a machine element with an additive manufacturing method, wherein the three-dimensional structure of the machine element by  Solidification is obtained from a liquid or powdery material, characterized , in that the machine element has a base body (11) which is manufactured in one piece with a spring-damper element (22), wherein  • The spring-damper element (22) is made taking into account the elasticity of the material as a deformable spring, and  The machine element with a sliding surface (25)  is made, on which the spring-damper element slides in a deformation with a mating surface (26) along. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized , that the spring-damper element (22) is produced as a torsion spring or as a bending spring. 3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized , that between the sliding surface (25) and the counter surface (26) is provided a gap which can be bridged by a movement of the spring-damper element (22). 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized , in that in the base body (11) of the machine element a Auxiliary body (31) is produced,  · During manufacture in one Manufacturing position to the base body (11) and the spring-damper element (22) forms a gap and • Is moved after manufacture in a mounting position in which the auxiliary body (31) in  Main body (30) is held. 5. The method according to claim 4 characterized , that the auxiliary body (31) interleaves with the Base body (11) is produced, that the auxiliary body (31) is inseparable from the base body (11). 6. The method according to any one of claims 4 or 5, characterized , that  The sliding surface (25) is produced as part of the auxiliary body (31) and  • the sliding surface (25) in the mounting position of the  Auxiliary body (31) on the spring-damper element (22) rests. 7. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized , that the machine element is produced as a shaft bearing (30), wherein  • The base body (11) is designed as an outer ring, which allows a stationary support of the shaft bearing, and • the auxiliary body (31) is designed as an inner ring, which allows storage of the shaft to be supported, wherein a bearing of the inner ring in the outer ring by a plurality of spring-damper elements (22) with bias or play occurs. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized , that the spring-damper elements (22) as bending springs are executed, which are designed as part of the outer ring and tangentially cling to the outside of the inner ring. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized , that the inner ring of variable outer diameter is made such that  · During manufacturing between the outside of the  Inner ring of spring-damper elements  Interspace arises and  • After making the inner ring is brought by rotation about its central axis in the mounting position, that the sliding surfaces come in the form of annular regions with a comparatively larger outer diameter with the spring-damper elements in contact. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized , that the outside of the inner ring is wavy or be formed polygonal. 11. machine element, characterized , that this is prepared according to one of claims 1 to 6. 12. shaft bearings, characterized , that this is prepared according to one of claims 7 to 10.