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WO2013019188A1 - Système de production de gaz pour activation et déliquéfaction - Google Patents

Système de production de gaz pour activation et déliquéfaction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013019188A1
WO2013019188A1 PCT/US2011/045969 US2011045969W WO2013019188A1 WO 2013019188 A1 WO2013019188 A1 WO 2013019188A1 US 2011045969 W US2011045969 W US 2011045969W WO 2013019188 A1 WO2013019188 A1 WO 2013019188A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
foam
substrates
generating system
foam generating
encapsulated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2011/045969
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Keith Dismuke
Phillip B. Kaufman
Herbert Juppe
Glenn S. Penny
Richard Nelson FOX
Bill ZHOU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Flotek Chemistry LLC
Original Assignee
CESI Chemical Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CESI Chemical Inc filed Critical CESI Chemical Inc
Priority to PCT/US2011/045969 priority Critical patent/WO2013019188A1/fr
Publication of WO2013019188A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013019188A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/14—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using liquids and gases, e.g. foams
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
    • C09K8/70—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. foams
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
    • C09K8/70—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. foams
    • C09K8/703—Foams
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
    • C09K8/805—Coated proppants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
    • C09K8/92—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
    • C09K8/94—Foams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the production of petroleum and more particularly to compositions and processes for improving the recovery of hydrocarbons, that is, gas or oil (petroleum), from a subterranean geological formation using stimulation techniques such as conventional hydraulic fracturing, slickwater fracturing, or acidizing, or for well deliquification of water and/or condensate to allow reservoirs to more efficiently produce.
  • hydrocarbons that is, gas or oil (petroleum)
  • stimulation techniques such as conventional hydraulic fracturing, slickwater fracturing, or acidizing, or for well deliquification of water and/or condensate to allow reservoirs to more efficiently produce.
  • Hydraulic fracturing is a particularly common well stimulation technique that involves the high-pressure injection of specially engineered treatment fluids into the reservoir.
  • the high-pressure treatment fluid which often includes polymers or gellants to viscosify, thicken, or gel the treatment fluid, causes a fracture to extend away from the wellbore into the formation (reservoir) according to the natural stresses of the formation.
  • the polymers or gellants include natural products such as polysaccharide polymers like guar gum, guar derivatives, biopolymers, cellulose and its derivatives or synthetic polymers like polyacrylamides.
  • Viscoelastic surfactants are also widely used instead of polymers in frac fluids.
  • Propping agents such as grains of sand of a particular size are often mixed with the treatment fluid to keep the fracture open after the high-pressure subsides when treatment is complete.
  • the increased permeability resulting from the stimulation operation enhances the flow of hydrocarbons into the wellbore.
  • Proppants can include sand, glass beads, ceramic proppants, resin coated sands, resin coated ceramic proppants, on the fly coated proppants, and the like.
  • hydraulic fracturing is used to unlock oil and gas reserves during the completion of the well. In this way, hydraulic fracturing is no longer used only in remedial stimulation efforts. Many newly completed wells are candidates for hydraulic fracturing to optimize the initial recovery of hydrocarbons.
  • Slickwater fracturing involves using low viscosity fluids that have friction (drag) reducing polymers instead for this stimulation technique.
  • Proppants are again used for this high pressure pumping technique.
  • the stimulation technique of acidizing can be either fracture acidizing or matrix acidizing. In the first case, high pressure is used while in the second case the acid dissolves the formation matrix.
  • Well deliquification is another term for well dewatering that occurs in oilfield wells that have build-ups of water, hydrocarbons or condensates that need to be removed to allow hydrocarbon liquid and gas production. Basically, the velocity of the gas is not high enough to remove the water or condensate so the well will not produce (it shuts- down or dies). Another term for this build up is liquid loading. Like stimulation, well deliquification restores well productivity. [006] Various methods are used for deliquification including pumps, gas lift, and chemicals such as surfactants in the form of soap sticks or liquids injected downhole. These last chemical methods cause the water or condensate to foam which thereby reduces the hydrostatic head (pressure on the formation) and allows the gas to be produced.
  • the deliquification can occur in vertical, inclined, or horizontal wells or in parts of wells that have various inclination angles in different parts of the wellbore. Therefore, this idea could be applied more effectively than current cylindrical soap sticks which would not have a tendency to move/roll down the wellbore into the horizontal part of the well from the vertical and inclined sections of the well.
  • the present invention includes a gas generating system for use in stimulation or gas well deliquification.
  • the gas generating system preferably includes a gas generating additive, a foam generating agent and a foam enhancing agent.
  • the gas generating additive preferably includes an acidic component contained within a releasing mechanism container alone or with a carbonate or bicarbonate contained within the same or a different releasing container.
  • the foam generating agent is absorbed or adsorbed on a first plurality of substrates and the foam boosting agent is absorbed or adsorbed on a second plurality of substrates. If any of the above components are solids rather than liquids, they do not need to be absorbed or adsorbed first but can be directly encapsulated as solids.
  • preferred embodiments include gas generating system for use in a stimulation operation, wherein the composition includes a first plurality of substrates, wherein on each of the first plurality of substrates a foam generating chemical has been absorbed or adsorbed with and wherein each of the first plurality of substrates is encapsulated with an exterior coating.
  • the composition further includes a second plurality of substrates, wherein on each of the second plurality of substrates a foam enhancing chemical has been absorbed or adsorbed and wherein each of the second plurality of substrates is encapsulated with an exterior coating.
  • the foam generating chemical and the foam enhancing chemical can be encapsulated separately as noted above or mixed together before encapsulation individually.
  • the gas generating system optionally includes a first plurality of gas generating capsules, wherein each of the first plurality of gas generating capsules includes an acidic component encapsulated within an exterior coating and a second plurality of gas generating capsules, wherein each of the second plurality of gas generating capsules includes a carbonate or bicarbonate component encapsulated within an exterior coating.
  • the present invention discloses a gas generating system that includes a plurality of components that are intended to be pumped downhole during a stimulation operation or a gas well deliquification process.
  • gas generating system refers to the prescribed group of substrates and additives that collectively work to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • the gas generating system can include up to three primary components: (1) pelletized or encapsulated independent gas generators; (2) a first plurality of substrates that have been treated with foam generating chemicals; and (3) a second plurality of substrates that have been treated with foam enhancing chemicals.
  • absorption generally refers to when atoms, molecules, or ions enter as a solid or liquid into a bulk phase - gas, liquid or solid material.
  • a sponge a porous media
  • Adsorption is similar, but refers to a surface rather than a volume: adsorption is a process that occurs when a gas or liquid solute accumulates on (or onto) the surface of a solid or, more rarely, a liquid (adsorbent), forming a molecular or atomic film (the adsorbate). It is different from absorption in which a substance diffuses into a liquid or solid to form a solution.
  • the capsules, canisters or other terms used to describe the encapsulated material can release their chemicals due to crushing, melting, leaching, dissolving, defusing etc. and combinations thereof. The term "release" will refer to any or all of these delivery mechanisms.
  • the gas generators preferably can include an acidic component and a carbonate or bicarbonate.
  • the carbonates and bicarbonates of the gas generating capsules include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and ammonium carbonates and bicarbonates.
  • the carbonate component is sodium bicarbonate.
  • the gas generators include a first plurality of gas generating capsules that each includes an acidic component encapsulated within an exterior coating and a second plurality of gas generating capsules that each includes a carbonate or bicarbonate encapsulated within an exterior coating.
  • the encapsulation layer surrounding the acidic and carbonate or bicarbonates deteriorates, which allows the mixing of the acidic component and carbonate or bicarbonate.
  • the acidic component and carbonate or bicarbonate release gas which enhances (stimulates) the creation of foam within the proppant pack and geologic fractures.
  • the acidic component of the gas generating capsules is selected from the group consisting of organic acids, including, but not limited to, lactic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid and uric acid and also inorganic acids (mineral acids), including but not limited to hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and hydrobromic acid and combinations thereof of the inorganic and organic acids, individually or together.
  • the acidic component is citric acid.
  • the carbonate or bicarbonate of the gas generating capsules is preferably sodium carbonates or sodium bicarbonate.
  • the acidic component or carbonate or bicarbonate is presented in liquid form, it is necessary to separately encapsulate the acidic component and carbonate or bicarbonate to prevent the premature reaction of the gas generators.
  • the gas generators are provided in solid form, it may be acceptable to encapsulate the gas generators within the same coating. Suitable coatings further include not only lipids but also waxes and polymers identified below that do not deteriorate in the presence of encapsulated acids and bases, such as carbonates and bicarbonates.
  • Any ester that generates acid can be used.
  • Solid acid precursors such as lactic acid and polylactic acid may be combined with accelerators to increase the reaction and production of gas.
  • the resulting acid dissolves carbonate formations such a limestone and dolomite to generate gas in situ.
  • gas generating chemicals include, but are not limited to, compounds containing hydrazine or azo groups, for example, hydrazine, azodicarbonamide, azobis (isobutyronitrile), p-toluene sulfonyl hydrazide, p-toluene sulfonyl semicarbazide, carbohydrazide, p-p' oxybis (benzenesulfonylhydrazide) and mixtures thereof.
  • compounds containing hydrazine or azo groups for example, hydrazine, azodicarbonamide, azobis (isobutyronitrile), p-toluene sulfonyl hydrazide, p-toluene sulfonyl semicarbazide, carbohydrazide, p-p' oxybis (benzenesulfonylhydrazide) and mixtures thereof.
  • nitrogen gas generating chemicals which do not contain hydrazine or azo groups and which are also useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, ammonium salts of organic or inorganic acids, hydroxylamine sulfate, carbamide and mixtures thereof. Of these, azodicarbonamide or carbohydrazide are preferred.
  • the gas generating chemical or chemicals utilized are combined with the well treating fluid in a general amount, depending on the amount of gas desired under downhole conditions, in the range of up to about 10% by weight of the treating fluid, more preferably in an amount in the range of from about 0.3% to about 8% and most preferably about 4%.
  • the gas generating system optionally includes a first plurality of substrates absorbed or adsorbed with foam generating (foamer) chemicals.
  • the foam generating substrates are preferably manufactured by absorbing or adsorbing a substrate as the material with a foam generating chemical.
  • the foam generating chemical if it is a solid, does not need a substrate and can be encapsulated directly.
  • the foam generating chemical is preferably a "foamer" or "soap,” which includes a surfactant component that reduces the surface tension and fluid density of the well fluid mixture (water and/or condensate) in the wellbore.
  • foamers Upon mixing with water and gas, foamers produce gas bubbles which lift the water or condensate from the well, thereby permitting increased production.
  • the foam generating chemicals include nonionic, anionic, cationic, and amphoteric/zwitterionic foaming surfactants and mixtures thereof.
  • Typical nonionic foaming surfactants include polyalkoxylated alcohols or phenols, in particular ethoxylated and propoxylated alcohols and phenols; ethers or esters of sugar derivatives, such as alkylpolyglucosides and alkylpolysaccharides; polyalkoxylated fatty acid esters and amides; polyalkoxylated amines; block copolymers of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide; sorbitan esters; polysorbates; and polyglycerol esters of fatty acids.
  • Typical anionic foaming surfactants include alkyi carboxylates; alkyi sulfonates; alkyi sulfates and alkyi ether sulfates; alkylbenzene sulfonates and sulfates; alkyi ether sulfonates; a-olefin sulfonates; N-acyl amino acids, such as N-acyl sarcosinates and N- acyl glutamates; N-acyl amino sulfonates, such as N-acyl taurates; acyl hydroxycarbonates; acyl hydroxysulfonates, such as acyl isethionates; mono- and dialkyl sulfocuccinates; alkyi ether sulfosuccinates; glyceryl ether solfonates; alkyi ether phosphates; and alkyi aryl ether phosphates.
  • Cationic foaming surfactants are generally quaternary ammonium salts from alkylamines or alkanolamines with formula R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 N + X " , in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are the same or different and represent an alkyi, aryl, benzyl or polyalkoxylate alkyi group.
  • the polyalkoxylated alky group represents alkyl polyethylene oxides or alkyl polypropylene oxides.
  • Some examples of cationic foaming surfactants include cocotrimonium chloride, stearalkonium chloride, cetyltrimonium chloride, and the like.
  • Typical amphoteric/zwitterionic foaming surfactants include amine oxides; alkyl betaines and sulfobetaines; alkylamido betaines and sulfobetaines, such as cocamidopropyl betaine; hydroxysultaines, such as cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine; imidazolinium betaines and sulfobetaines; amphoacetates; and amphopropionates.
  • Suitable foamers are available from CESI Chemical, Inc. of Marlow, Oklahoma under the CAP-FOAM brand and include others more fully disclosed in United States Patent No.
  • foamers include OFI-4880, an ammonium C6 - 10 alcohol ether sulfate from Specialty Intermediates, Inc. and Harcros Foamer 846-64, polyethylene glycol mono-C6-10 alkyl ether sulfate ammonium salt available from Harcros Chemicals, Inc. of Kansas City, Kansas.
  • Alkyl ether sulfonates are available from Oil Chem Technologies, Sugar Land, TX, as AES-128, AES-205, AES-506, and 7-58.
  • Sulfonates such as alpha-olefin sulfonates (AOS) with amines such as triethanaolamine (TEA) may also provide suitable foam generating components.
  • the foam generating chemical can be a liquid, a solid, or in another composition, such as a microemulsion. Suitable microemulsions that may be used as the foam generating chemical are disclosed in United States Patent No. 7,380,606, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference.
  • the gas generating system optionally includes a second plurality of substrates absorbed or adsorbed with foam enhancing (foam booster) chemicals.
  • the foam enhancer is selected from the group of anionic surfactants such as carboxylated alkyl polyglycosides, amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants such as amine oxides, betaines, sulfobetaines, amphopropionates, hydroxysultaines, nonionic surfactants such as fatty alcohols, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkanolamides, and polyalkoxylated amines and cationic surfactants including quaternary amine salts.
  • anionic surfactants such as carboxylated alkyl polyglycosides, amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants such as amine oxides, betaines, sulfobetaines, amphopropionates, hydroxysultaines, nonionic surfactants such as fatty alcohols, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkanolamides, and polyalkoxylated amines and cationic surfactants including quatern
  • the foam enhancers include solvents such as mutual solvents including ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether (EGMBE) and water-soluble polymers such as hydroxypropyl guar and polyacrylamides.
  • solvents such as mutual solvents including ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether (EGMBE) and water-soluble polymers such as hydroxypropyl guar and polyacrylamides.
  • alkanolamides include lauric mono- and diethanolamide, myristic mono- and diethanolamide, and coconut mono- and diethanolamide.
  • a commercially available alkanomide is Ninol CMP, coconut monoethanolamine, from Stepan Company.
  • amine oxides include cocoamine oxide, laurylamine oxide, and cocamidopropylamine oxide.
  • a commercially available amine oxide is Mackamine CAO, cocamidopropylamine oxide, from Rhodia.
  • the foam generating chemicals can often be interchanged with the foam enhancing chemicals. That is, the same chemistries can be used for both foam generation and foam enhancement.
  • the foam generating and foam enhancing chemicals are preferably absorbed or adsorbed on a selected substrate.
  • Suitable substrates include proppants having a matrix which is capable of absorbing the foam generating chemical.
  • Particularly suitable substrates include porous ceramic proppants.
  • the proppant may constitute any suitable substrate that is capable of adsorbing the foam generating chemical.
  • Suitable adsorption substrates include finely divided minerals, fibers, ground almond shells, ground walnut shells, glass beads, and ground coconut shells.
  • water-insoluble adsorbents include activated carbon and/or coals, silica particulates, precipitated silicas, silica (quartz sand), alumina, silica-alumina such as silica gel, mica, silicate, e.g., orthosilicates or metasilicates, calcium silicate, sand (e.g., 20-40 mesh), bauxite, kaolin, talc, zirconia, boron and glass, including glass microspheres or beads, fly ash, zeolites, diatomaceous earth, ground walnut shells, fuller's earth and organic synthetic high molecular weight water-insoluble adsorbents.
  • activated carbon and/or coals include activated carbon and/or coals, silica particulates, precipitated silicas, silica (quartz sand), alumina, silica-alumina such as silica gel, mica, silicate, e.g., orthosilicates or
  • the proppant is an ultra- lightweight proppant (ULWP) manufactured from a porous ceramic having a mesh size of 20/40.
  • UMWP ultra- lightweight proppant
  • Suitable proppants are available from Carbo Ceramics of Houston, Texas, and BJ Services of Houston, Texas (now part of Baker Hughes of Houston, TX) under the Lite PropTM brand name.
  • the lower specific gravity proppants or other substrates will allow a variety of final gas generating systems to be used that can rise into the top (upper) part of vertical factures in the horizontal section of the wellbore. Higher specific gravity gas generating systems could also be used to fall/sink into the bottom of the vertical fractures in the horizontal part of the wellbore. In a particularly preferred embodiment, mixtures of various specific gravity gas generating systems could be used to more effectively cover the entire fracture volume.
  • the process for absorbing or adsorbing the substrates with the foam generating chemicals or foam enhancing chemicals includes placing the substrates into the treatment chemicals and allowing the substrates to absorb or adsorb the treatment chemical, with or without pressure or vacuum. Due to the viscous nature of some of the treatment chemicals, it may be necessary to heat the treatment chemicals to permit increased absorption and adsorption into the substrate. Following processing, the substrates are preferably dried.
  • each of the absorbed or adsorbed substrates is encapsulated with an exterior coating to prevent the premature release or reaction of the foam generating chemical from the substrate. Delaying the release of the treatment chemicals allows for a more targeted delivery of the foam generating and foam enhancing chemicals in the hydraulic fracture.
  • Preferred coatings include lipid coatings, hydrogenated vegetable oils, including triglycerides such as hydrogenated cottonseed, corn, peanut, soybean, palm, palm kernel, babassu, sunflower, safflower oils.
  • Preferred hydrogenated vegetable oils include hydrogenated palm oil, cottonseed oil, and soybean oil.
  • the most preferred hydrogenated vegetable oil is hydrogenated soybean oil. Suitable encapsulating products are available, for example but not necessarily limited to those, from Balchem Corporation of New Hampton, New York.
  • the absorbed or adsorbed substrate can be encapsulated with a suitable wax.
  • the wax can be paraffin wax; a petroleum wax; a mineral wax such as ozokerite, ceresin, Utah wax or montan wax; a vegetable wax such as, for example, carnuba wax, Japan wax, bayberry wax or flax wax; an animal wax such as, for example, spermaceti; or an insect wax such as beeswax, Chinese wax or shellac wax.
  • Suitable encapsulating products are available from Balchem Corporation of New Hampton, New York, and others.
  • the encapsulating layer may be formed with a water-soluble polymer.
  • Suitable water-soluble polymers include polysaccharide, polylactide, polyglycolide, polyorthoester, polyaminoacid, polyactoacid, polyglycolacid, polyacrylamide, a chitosan and a mixture of these polymers.
  • the encapsulating layer may also be formed from an oil-soluble polymer. Suitable oil-soluble polymers include polyester, polyolefins, polyethylene and mixtures thereof.
  • the foam generating and foam enhancing chemicals may be used in an isolated form.
  • solid foam generating and foam enhancing chemicals with an encapsulated boundary structure to provide for a selectively delayed release of the treatment chemicals.
  • an unencapsulated solid foam generating and/or foam enhancing chemical may be desirable to use an unencapsulated solid foam generating and/or foam enhancing chemical.
  • Such solid form foam generating and enhancing products may be provided in pellets or stick forms.
  • the ratios of the various components within the inventive gas generating system are preferably selected based on the needs of a particular application. For example, it may be desirable to include only the foam generating substrate and foam enhancing substrate, while excluding the gas generating capsules. In other applications, it may be desirable to exclude the foam enhancing substrates while relying solely on the benefits provided by the foam generating substrates and gas generating capsules. In yet other applications, it may be desirable to employ only the foam generating substrate or only the gas generating capsules.
  • the gas generating system includes between about 0 and 99% by weight of foam generating substrate, about 0 and 99% by weight of foam enhancing substrate and about 0 and 99% by weight of portions of acidic and carbonate or bicarbonate gas generating capsules.
  • the gas generating system includes between about 10 and 80% by weight of foam generating substrate, about 10 and 80 % by weight of foam enhancing substrate and about 10 and 90% by weight of equal portions of acidic and carbonate or bicarbonate gas generating capsules.
  • the ratios of the acidic and carbonate or bicarbonate gas generating capsules are about one to one, but they may vary considerably as desired for the situation.
  • the gas generating system includes between about 15 and 80% by weight of foam generating substrate, about 20% and 80% by weight of foam enhancing substrate and about 20 and 80% by weight of portions of acidic and carbonate or bicarbonate gas generating capsules.
  • the selected gas generating system is mixed with a carrier fluid having a suitable viscosity.
  • the carrier fluid and suspended substrates are then injected downhole, where the fracturing fluid flows into the reservoir adjacent the well.
  • the suspended gas generating system forms within a proppant pack that prevents the expanded fractures from closing.
  • a viscosity breaker can then be used to reduce the viscosity of the carrier fluid to facilitate removal.
  • the gas generating system remains captured in the fractures extending from the wellbore.
  • the foam generating substrates, foam enhancing substrates and gas generating capsules are configured to provide a staged release of the respective chemicals.
  • the thickness of the gas generating capsules may be desirable to delay the mixing of the citric acid and sodium bicarbonate until after the foam generating chemicals and foam enhancing chemicals have been released and allowed to mix with the fluids in the fractured reservoir.
  • Steposol® CA-207, Stepan Company alkyl ether sulfate, liquid, 60%> active
  • Porous ceramic proppants with about 20% porosity made by Carbo Ceramics, Inc absorbed 18% by weight foamer at atmospheric pressure (no pressure or vacuum applied).
  • the foamers are Specialty Intermediates OFI-4880 foamer concentrate and
  • Harcros Foamer 846-64 A second batch was made with less loading of foamer since the final material appeared wet. 10% (wt) of heated OFI-4880 was added to the room temperature porous ceramic proppant and after 15 minutes of mixing, the foamer was absorbed into the ceramic proppant. The foamers were placed in an oven to make them less viscous and more pourable. The final product was relatively free flowing thus concluding that the foamer absorbed completely. Another sample using the same method as above was made except replacing OFI-4880 with Harcros Foamer 846-64.
  • porous ceramic proppants (20/40) were mixed with CESI CapFoam SI in ratios of 9, 10 and 15%. After initial mixing, the 9 and 10% mixtures flowed freely.
  • the term "well treatment operation” shall refer both to deliquification and stimulation operations.
  • the phrases "loading the substrate” and “substrate has been loaded” shall refer to the process and results of: (i) of adsorbing or absorbing a selected formulation onto the substrate; or (ii) packing a solid formulation into a porous substrate. While presently preferred embodiments of the invention have been described in varying detail for purposes of disclosure, it will be understood that numerous changes may be made which will readily suggest themselves to those skilled in the art and which are encompassed within the spirit of the invention disclosed and claimed herein.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de production de gaz devant être utilisé dans l'activation ou dans la déliquéfaction/déshydratation. Le système comprend un agent générateur de mousse, un agent améliorant de mousse et un additif producteur de gaz. L'agent générateur de mousse est absorbé ou adsorbé sur une première pluralité de substrat et l'agent améliorant de mousse est absorbé ou adsorbé sur une seconde pluralité de substrats. L'additif producteur de gaz comprend de préférence un composant acide contenu dans un récipient de mécanisme de libération et un carbonate ou bicarbonate contenu dans un récipient de mécanisme de libération. L'utilisation d'un substrat encapsulé permet l'administration ciblée et par étapes de produits chimiques de traitement dans des fractures s'étendant à partir du puits de forage ou dans le puits de forage lui-même.
PCT/US2011/045969 2011-07-29 2011-07-29 Système de production de gaz pour activation et déliquéfaction Ceased WO2013019188A1 (fr)

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Cited By (11)

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US11299972B2 (en) 2019-10-10 2022-04-12 Flex-Chem Holding Company, Llc Method for remediation of subterranean-formed metal-polymer complexes using peracetic acid
CN110859811B (zh) * 2019-12-05 2021-12-07 北京博恩特药业有限公司 药物缓释组合物及制备方法
CN110882222B (zh) * 2019-12-05 2021-12-03 北京博恩特药业有限公司 颗粒组合物及制备方法和应用
CN110882222A (zh) * 2019-12-05 2020-03-17 北京博恩特药业有限公司 颗粒组合物及制备方法和应用
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CN117402603A (zh) * 2022-07-07 2024-01-16 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种渗吸置换功能增产压裂液体系

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