WO2013018839A1 - 封止材 - Google Patents
封止材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013018839A1 WO2013018839A1 PCT/JP2012/069616 JP2012069616W WO2013018839A1 WO 2013018839 A1 WO2013018839 A1 WO 2013018839A1 JP 2012069616 W JP2012069616 W JP 2012069616W WO 2013018839 A1 WO2013018839 A1 WO 2013018839A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
- C08F255/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having two or three carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/14—Peroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/541—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen
- C08K5/5435—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing oxygen in a ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/544—Silicon-containing compounds containing nitrogen
- C08K5/5455—Silicon-containing compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/003—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
- H10F19/804—Materials of encapsulations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sealing material mainly composed of a resin.
- a solar cell generally has a light receiving surface side sealing material C1 and a back surface side seal between a light receiving surface side transparent protective member A such as a glass plate and a back surface side protective member (back sheet) B.
- a plurality of solar battery cells D made of a crystalline silicon power generation element or the like are sealed so as to be sandwiched between the stoppers C2.
- the light-receiving surface side transparent protective member A, the light-receiving surface side sealing material C1, the solar cell D, the back surface side sealing material C2, and the back surface side protective member B are laminated in this order, and heated.
- the sealing material made of EVA is cross-linked and cured to be bonded and integrated.
- Cross-linked EVA widely used as a sealing material is a material that has excellent transparency and softness and has been used for many years (Patent Document 1), but has relatively high moisture permeability and relatively low volume resistivity. Since it is low and corrosive acetic acid is liberated by hydrolysis or decomposition, it also has a problem from the viewpoint of ensuring long-term reliability. Furthermore, from these problems, a sufficient thickness is necessary to ensure reliability, and it is difficult to reduce the thickness of the sealing material.
- EVA cross-linking treatment is required to impart heat resistance, and the problem of productivity that the process time becomes long, cross-linking agent deterioration during storage derived from the cross-linking material and foaming during cross-linking, It has problems such as cross-linking shrinkage of the sheet.
- thermoplastic sealing material that does not require crosslinking has been proposed using a resin having heat resistance, high volume resistivity, and low moisture permeability.
- a resin having heat resistance, high volume resistivity, and low moisture permeability For example, an ionomer resin (Patent Document 2), a polypropylene-based soft resin (Patent Document 3), and an ethylene- ⁇ olefin copolymer (LLDPE: linear low density polyethylene) (Patent Documents 4, 5, and 6) are used.
- LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
- Patent Document 8 a sealing material using a cross copolymer of styrene and ethylene as raw materials has been proposed (Patent Document 8).
- This sealing material is excellent in transparency, weather resistance, electrical insulation and moisture resistance, and has the same softness as EVA.
- ionomer resins have problems that they are inferior in softness and moldability as compared with EVA.
- Olefin-based soft resins containing polypropylene as a raw material have a problem in light resistance.
- a comonomer content (density) having a melting point for ensuring heat resistance of 100 to 120 ° C., which is heat resistance when using solar cells is necessary.
- Such LLDPE is soft and transparent. There is a problem that the property is not sufficient.
- LLDPE having a high comonomer content, relatively low density, and high transparency and softness has a melting point of about 60 to 80 ° C., and lacks heat resistance as a solar cell encapsulant.
- Patent Documents 5, 6, and 7 techniques for imparting heat resistance by peroxide, vinylsilanes, crosslinking by electron beam irradiation, and pseudo-crosslinking are disclosed (Patent Documents 5, 6, and 7).
- Patent Documents 5, 6, and 7 require complicated operations, and there is a risk that the above-mentioned drawbacks associated with crosslinking may be included.
- the sealing material is required to have softness (cushioning property) and sealing property for protecting a fragile silicon cell in a use environment or when manufacturing a solar battery.
- softness and sealing performance have been required for sealing materials.
- the sealing material is required to have a thinner layer for cost reduction, but it is difficult to reduce the thickness of the sealing material because of its softness.
- EVA has low electrical insulation and moisture resistance, it is more difficult to reduce the thickness.
- the object of the present invention is as a next-generation solar cell encapsulant, which is excellent in mechanical properties, transparency, heat resistance, electrical insulation, moisture resistance, softness and encapsulant, for example, a thin-layer encapsulant And providing a novel thermoplastic sealing material resin and a sheet thereof.
- the present invention mainly includes a cross-copolymer (hereinafter simply referred to as a cross-copolymer) composed mainly of an aromatic vinyl compound unit, an ethylene unit and an aromatic polyene unit, which is obtained by a specific production method.
- a cross-copolymer composed mainly of an aromatic vinyl compound unit, an ethylene unit and an aromatic polyene unit, which is obtained by a specific production method.
- An encapsulant resin and a sheet thereof that are excellent in physical properties, transparency, heat resistance, electrical insulation, moisture resistance, softness, and sealing properties.
- the present invention performs copolymerization of an ethylene monomer, an aromatic vinyl compound monomer and an aromatic polyene using a single site coordination polymerization catalyst, and has an aromatic vinyl compound unit content of 17 mol% or more and 30 mol% or less, and an aromatic polyene unit.
- a sealing material resin including a coalescence and a sheet thereof, and further satisfying the following conditions (1) to (3) Encapsulant resin foot and its seat.
- the weight average molecular weight of the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer obtained in the coordination polymerization step is 30,000 to 150,000 and the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) is 1. 8 or more and 4 or less.
- the mass ratio of the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer unit in the cross-copolymer obtained in the anionic polymerization step is 75% by mass to 95% by mass.
- the encapsulant resin mainly containing a cross copolymer and its sheet are the encapsulant resin and the cloth occupying the sheet. It shows that the mass ratio of the copolymer is at least 70 mass% to 99.9 mass%, preferably 95 mass% to 99.9 mass%.
- the encapsulant resin mainly containing the cross-copolymer of the present invention and the sheet thereof have an A hardness of 50 or more and less than 70, preferably an A hardness of 50 or more and less than 65, most preferably an A hardness of 50 or more and less than 63, and a total light transmittance ( 0.5 mm thickness sheet) is excellent in softness and transparency of 85% or more.
- the encapsulant resin made of the present cross-copolymer and its sheet are composed of a light stabilizer that captures radicals generated by light, and an ultraviolet absorber that converts light energy into harmless heat energy as necessary. Contains light proofing agent.
- the encapsulant resin mainly composed of a cross-copolymer of the present invention and its sheet include other various additives usually used for encapsulants, that is, a light-resistant agent, an antioxidant (anti-aging agent), and a silane coupling.
- a light-resistant agent an antioxidant (anti-aging agent)
- an antioxidant antioxidant
- silane coupling an agent, a cross-linking material as required, a cross-linking aid as required, and the like can be included.
- next-generation solar cell encapsulant As a next-generation solar cell encapsulant, it provides a new encapsulant that is excellent in transparency, heat resistance, electrical insulation, moisture resistance, softness and encapsulant, and suitable as a thin-layer encapsulant, for example. That is.
- a sectional view of a general solar cell is shown.
- the durability test (DH test) result of the prototyped solar cell module is shown.
- the encapsulant resin mainly containing the cross-copolymer of the present invention and its sheet are used as the encapsulant C1 and / or C2 shown in FIG.
- the present invention performs copolymerization of an ethylene monomer, an aromatic vinyl compound monomer and an aromatic polyene using a single site coordination polymerization catalyst, and has an aromatic vinyl compound unit content of 17 mol% or more and 30 mol% or less, and an aromatic polyene unit.
- a sealing material resin including a coalescence and a sheet thereof, further satisfying the following conditions Fat and its seat.
- the weight average molecular weight of the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer obtained in the coordination polymerization step is 30,000 to 150,000 and the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) is 1. 8 or more and 4 or less.
- composition of the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer can be controlled within the above range by a known general method, but the simplest is to change the monomer charge composition ratio, This can be achieved by changing the ethylene partial pressure.
- the aromatic vinyl compound unit content of the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer obtained in the coordination polymerization step is less than 17 mol%, crystallization occurs based on the ethylene chain structure and the heat of crystal fusion It becomes high and softness and transparency are lowered.
- the content of the aromatic vinyl compound unit is higher than 30 mol%, the glass transition temperature of the finally obtained cross-copolymer is increased, the low temperature characteristics are deteriorated, and the softness at room temperature is impaired. This is not preferable.
- the aromatic polyene unit content of the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer obtained in the coordination polymerization step is 0.01 mol% or more and 0.2 mol% or less, it is excellent in transparency and molding processing A cross-copolymer having good properties can be obtained.
- the aromatic polyene unit content is less than 0.01 mol%, the production efficiency of the cross-copolymer is lowered, and the main chain ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer and aromatic vinyl compound polymer are reduced. The ratio of the mixture (incompatible) increases and the transparency decreases.
- the aromatic polyene unit content exceeds 0.2 mol% the moldability (MFR) of the resulting cross-copolymer is lowered, and a gel content or the like is easily generated.
- the weight average molecular weight of the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer exceeds 150,000, the transparency of the cross-copolymer will decrease, and if it is less than 30,000, the mechanical properties may decrease. There is.
- this weight average molecular weight can be controlled by a known method, it can generally be controlled by appropriately changing the polymerization temperature in the coordination polymerization step. If a crystal structure derived from an ethylene chain structure is present above a certain level, the softness and transparency may be impaired, and the dimensional stability of the molded article such as shrinkage due to crystallization may be impaired during the molding process. .
- the cross-copolymer obtained by the present invention has a total crystal melting heat including olefin crystallinity and other crystallinity of 30 J / g or less, preferably 20 J / g or less.
- the total crystal melting heat can be determined from the total area of peaks derived from melting points observed in the range of 0 ° C. to 150 ° C. by DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry).
- the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer mass ratio in the cross-copolymer obtained through the anionic polymerization step is 75% by mass to 95% by mass, more preferably 80%.
- the mass is 95% by mass or more. If the mass ratio of the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer is less than 75 mass%, the softness is lowered and the A hardness may exceed 70. If the mass ratio of the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer is higher than 95% by mass, the contribution of the aromatic vinyl compound polymer is reduced and the heat resistance of the cross-copolymer is lowered.
- the cross-copolymer obtained by this production method has an A hardness of 50 or more and less than 70, preferably an A hardness of 50 or more and less than 65, and most preferably an A hardness of 50 or more and less than 63.
- the mass ratio of the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer obtained in the present coordination polymerization step is monitored by, for example, monitoring the ethylene consumption, polymer concentration or composition during the polymerization. It can control by estimating the mass of the copolymer produced
- the above monitoring may be performed, and the anionic polymerization process may be started early by shortening the time of the coordination polymerization process while calculating the mass of the copolymer to be produced.
- the polymerization time may be lengthened to delay the start of the anionic polymerization process.
- an anion polymerizable vinyl compound monomer used in the anion polymerization step may be additionally added at the start of the anion polymerization step or during the step.
- the mass ratio of the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer obtained in this coordination polymerization step can be arbitrarily changed by the additional amount of the anion-polymerizable vinyl compound monomer.
- the cross-copolymer obtained by this method is mainly composed of a polymer chain composed of an ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer as a main chain and an anion-polymerizable monomer as a cross-chain. It is considered to include a structure (cross-copolymer structure or segregated star copolymer structure) bonded via a chain aromatic polyene unit.
- the structure and the ratio of the present cross copolymer are arbitrary, and the cross copolymer of the present invention is defined as a copolymer (polymer) obtained by the production method of the present invention.
- a single site coordination polymerization catalyst is used.
- a single site coordination polymerization catalyst composed of a transition metal compound represented by the following general formula (1) or (6) and a cocatalyst is used.
- a and B may be the same or different and are selected from an unsubstituted or substituted benzoindenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted cyclopentadienyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted indenyl group, or an unsubstituted or substituted fluorenyl group. Group.
- the substituted benzoindenyl group, the substituted cyclopentadienyl group, the substituted indenyl group, or the substituted fluorenyl group is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in which one or more substitutable hydrogen atoms are 1-6 carbon atoms, A benzoindenyl group substituted by an aryl group, an alkylaryl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, an OSiR3 group, a SiR3 group or a PR2 group (wherein R represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), A cyclopentadienyl group, an indenyl group, or a fluorenyl group;
- a and B may be the same or different, and at least one of A and B is an unsubstituted or substituted benzoindenyl group represented by the general formula (2), (3), or (4). Or a group selected from an unsubstituted or substituted indenyl group represented by the general formula (5).
- a and B may be the same or different, and A and B are both unsubstituted or substituted benzoindenyl groups represented by the general formulas (2), (3) and (4), Or it is group chosen from the unsubstituted or substituted indenyl group shown by General formula (5).
- R1 to R3 are each hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R1s, R2s, and R3s may be the same or different from each other, and adjacent R1 and R2 groups may be combined to form a 5- to 8-membered aromatic ring or aliphatic ring.
- unsubstituted benzoindenyl group represented by the above general formula 4,5-benzo-1-indenyl group (also known as benzo (e) indenyl group), 5,6-benzo-1-indenyl group, 6,7-
- substituted benzoindenyl group in the benzo-1-indenyl group include an ⁇ -acenaphth-1-indenyl group, a 3-cyclopenta [c] phenanthryl group, and a 1-cyclopenta [l] phenanthryl group.
- R4 is hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, an OSiR3 group, an SiR3 group, or A PR2 group (R represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms). R4 may be the same or different from each other.
- the unsubstituted indenyl group represented by the above general formula is 1-indenyl group
- the substituted indenyl group is 4-methyl-1-indenyl group, 5-ethyl-1-indenyl group, 4-phenyl-1- Examples thereof include an indenyl group and a 4-naphthyl-1-indenyl group.
- a and B may be the same or different, and both are unsubstituted or substituted benzoindenyl groups represented by the general formulas (2), (3) and (4); Or a group selected from an unsubstituted or substituted indenyl group.
- Y has a bond with A and B, and in addition, hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms as a substituent (in addition to 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, phosphorus atoms A methylene group, a silylene group, an ethylene group, a germylene group, or a boron group having an atom or a silicon atom.
- the substituents may be different or the same.
- Y may have a cyclic structure.
- Y has a bond with A and B, and in addition, as a substituent, hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (this substituent has 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, sulfur Methylene group or boron group having an atom, phosphorus atom, or silicon atom).
- substituent hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (this substituent has 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, sulfur Methylene group or boron group having an atom, phosphorus atom, or silicon atom).
- X represents hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a halogen, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a silyl group having a hydrocarbon substituent having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. It is an amide group having a hydrocarbon substituent. Two Xs may have a bond.
- M is zirconium, hafnium, or titanium.
- the transition metal compound is preferably a racemate.
- Suitable examples of such transition metal compounds include transition metal compounds having a substituted methylene bridge structure specifically exemplified in EP-0874922A2, JP-A-11-130808, and JP-A-9-309925, and WO01 / This is a transition metal compound having a boron cross-linking structure specifically exemplified in Japanese Patent No. 068719.
- a transition metal compound represented by the following general formula (6) can also be preferably used.
- Cp represents an unsubstituted or substituted cyclopentaphenanthryl group, an unsubstituted or substituted benzoindenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted cyclopentadienyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted indenyl group, or an unsubstituted or substituted fluorenyl group.
- the group to be selected is an unsubstituted or substituted cyclopentaphenanthryl group, an unsubstituted or substituted benzoindenyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted cyclopentadienyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted indenyl group, or an unsubstituted or substituted fluorenyl group.
- a substituted cyclopentaphenanthryl group, a substituted benzoindenyl group, a substituted cyclopentadienyl group, a substituted indenyl group, or a substituted fluorenyl group is an alkyl in which one or more substitutable hydrogen atoms have 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Y ′ is a methylene group, a silylene group, an ethylene group, a germylene group, or a boron group having a bond with Cp and Z, and further having hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms.
- Y ′ may have a cyclic structure.
- Z is a ligand containing a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, coordinated to M ′ by a nitrogen atom, oxygen atom or sulfur atom, having a bond with Y ′, and also having hydrogen or a carbon number of 1 to 15 It is a group having a substituent.
- M ′ is zirconium, hafnium, or titanium.
- X ′ is hydrogen, halogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkylaryl group having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, or a silyl group having a hydrocarbon substituent having 1 to 4 carbon atoms , An alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a dialkylamide group having an alkyl substituent having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- n is an integer of 1 or 2.
- Transition metal compounds represented by the general formula (6) are described in WO99 / 14221, EP416815 and US6255496.
- a single site coordination polymerization catalyst composed of the transition metal compound represented by the above general formula (1) and a cocatalyst is used.
- a co-catalyst used in the coordination polymerization step of this production method a known co-catalyst conventionally used in combination with a transition metal compound can be used.
- an alumoxane or boron compound such as methylaluminoxane (or methylalumoxane or MAO) is preferably used.
- alkylaluminum such as triisobutylaluminum and triethylaluminum may be used together with these alumoxanes and boron compounds.
- promoters are described in EP-0874922A2, JP-A-11-130808, JP-A-9-309925, WO00 / 20426, EP0985689A2, and JP-A-6-184179.
- Cocatalysts and alkylaluminum compounds A co-catalyst such as alumoxane is used at a ratio of aluminum atom / transition metal atom of 0.1 to 100,000, preferably 10 to 10,000, relative to the metal of the transition metal compound. If it is 0.1 or more, the transition metal compound can be activated effectively, and if it is 100,000 or less, it is economically advantageous.
- the transition metal compound of the single site coordination polymerization catalyst most preferably used has a structure represented by the general formula (1), and A and B may be the same or different, and A and B are both non- Y is a group selected from a substituted or substituted benzoindenyl group and an unsubstituted or substituted indenyl group, and Y has a bond with A and B, and in addition, hydrogen or a hydrocarbon having 1 to 15 carbon atoms as a substituent A methylene group or a boron group having a group (which may contain 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, phosphorus atoms, or silicon atoms), and the transition metal compound is a racemate.
- the resulting ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer within this composition range has an olefin-aromatic vinyl compound alternating structure, preferably an ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound alternating structure. It has isotactic stereoregularity, so that the cross-copolymer of the present invention can have microcrystallinity derived from this alternating structure.
- the present ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer can give better mechanical properties and oil resistance based on the microcrystallinity of the alternating structure compared to the case without stereoregularity, This characteristic can finally be inherited by the cross-copolymer of the present invention.
- the crystalline melting point due to the microcrystallinity of the alternating structure of ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer is generally in the range of 50 ° C. to 120 ° C., and the heat of crystal melting by DSC is 40 J / g or less, preferably 30 J / g or less.
- the cross copolymer of the present invention as a whole can have a heat of crystal fusion of 40 J / g or less, preferably 30 J / g or less. Crystallinity of the crystal melting heat within this range does not adversely affect the softness and molding processability of the present cross-copolymer, but rather is advantageous in terms of excellent mechanical properties and oil resistance.
- a boron compound When a boron compound is used as the cocatalyst, it is used in a boron atom / transition metal atom ratio of 0.01 to 100, preferably 0.1 to 10, particularly preferably 1. If it is 0.01 or more, the transition metal compound can be activated effectively, and if it is 100 or less, it is economically advantageous.
- the transition metal compound and the cocatalyst may be mixed and prepared outside the polymerization facility, or may be mixed in the facility during polymerization.
- the aromatic vinyl compound used in the present invention includes styrene and various substituted styrenes such as p-methyl styrene, m-methyl styrene, o-methyl styrene, ot-butyl styrene, mt-butyl styrene, p- Examples thereof include t-butylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene, o-chlorostyrene and the like.
- styrene, p-methylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene particularly preferably styrene is used.
- the aromatic polyene used in the present invention is an aromatic polyene having 10 to 30 carbon atoms and having a plurality of double bonds (vinyl group) and one or more aromatic groups and capable of coordination polymerization, One of the double bonds (vinyl group) is used for coordination polymerization, and the remaining double bond in the polymerized state is an aromatic polyene capable of anion polymerization.
- any one or a mixture of two or more of orthodivinylbenzene, paradivinylbenzene and metadivinylbenzene is preferably used.
- the monomers, transition metal compounds and promoters exemplified above are brought into contact with each other. Any known method can be used as the contact method.
- the copolymerization method polymerization is performed in a liquid monomer without using a solvent, or pentane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, chloro-substituted benzene, chloro-substituted toluene, and chloride.
- a saturated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon such as methylene or chloroform or a halogenated hydrocarbon alone or in a mixed solvent.
- a mixed alkane solvent, cyclohexane, toluene, ethylbenzene or the like is used.
- the polymerization form may be either solution polymerization or slurry polymerization.
- well-known methods, such as batch polymerization, continuous polymerization, prepolymerization, and multistage polymerization can be used as needed. It is also possible to use a single tank or a plurality of connected tank polymerization cans, or a single linear or loop, or a plurality of connected pipe polymerization equipment.
- Pipe-shaped polymerization cans include various known mixers such as dynamic or static mixers and static mixers that also remove heat, and various known mixers such as coolers equipped with heat removal thin tubes. You may have a cooler. Moreover, you may have a batch type prepolymerization can. Furthermore, methods such as gas phase polymerization can be used.
- the polymerization temperature is suitably ⁇ 78 ° C. to 200 ° C.
- a polymerization temperature of ⁇ 78 ° C. or higher is industrially advantageous, and a temperature of 200 ° C. or lower is suitable because the transition metal compound does not decompose.
- industrially preferred is 0 ° C to 160 ° C, particularly preferred is 30 ° C to 160 ° C.
- the pressure at the time of polymerization is suitably 0.1 to 100 atm, preferably 1 to 30 atm, particularly industrially particularly preferably 1 to 10 atm.
- an anionic polymerization initiator is used in the presence of the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer obtained in the coordination polymerization step and the aromatic vinyl compound monomer. To conduct polymerization.
- the aromatic vinyl compound monomer styrene, p-methylstyrene, p-tertiary-butylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, vinylnaphthalene, vinylanthracene and the like are used, and styrene is most preferable.
- the aromatic vinyl compound monomer used in the anionic polymerization step is the same monomer as the aromatic vinyl compound used in the coordination polymerization step, and more preferably a part or all of the aromatic vinyl compound monomer was obtained in the coordination polymerization step.
- aromatic polyene that is not polymerized in the coordination polymerization step and remains in the polymerization solution may be polymerized.
- the anionic polymerization step of the present invention is performed after the above coordination polymerization step.
- the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer obtained in the coordination polymerization step is directly used in a crumb forming method, a steam stripping method, a devolatilizing tank, a devolatilizing extruder, etc.
- Any polymer recovery method such as a solvent removal method may be used to separate and purify the polymerization solution and use it in the anionic polymerization step.
- a mixed alkane solvent that does not cause inconvenience such as chain transfer during anionic polymerization a solvent such as cyclohexane, benzene, etc. is particularly preferable.
- the polymerization temperature is 150 ° C. or lower, toluene, ethylbenzene, etc. Other solvents can also be used.
- the polymerization form any known method used for anionic polymerization can be used.
- the polymerization temperature is suitably ⁇ 78 ° C. to 200 ° C.
- a polymerization temperature of ⁇ 78 ° C. or higher is industrially advantageous, and a temperature of 150 ° C. or lower is suitable because chain transfer or the like does not occur.
- the pressure at the time of polymerization is suitably 0.1 to 100 atm, preferably 1 to 30 atm, particularly industrially particularly preferably 1 to 10 atm.
- a known anionic polymerization initiator can be used.
- alkyl lithium compounds, lithium salts such as biphenyl, naphthalene, and pyrene or sodium salts, particularly preferably sec-butyl lithium and n (normal) -butyl lithium are used.
- the initiator is used in an amount of at least the equivalent of oxygen atoms contained therein, particularly preferably at least 2 equivalents. Is preferred.
- the amount is sufficiently smaller than the oxygen atom equivalent in methylalumoxane, so the amount of initiator can be reduced. is there.
- the length of the cross chain and the molecular weight of the homopolymer that has not been crossed can be arbitrarily changed by appropriately adjusting the amount of the initiator.
- the length (molecular weight) of the cross-chain portion can be estimated from the molecular weight of the homopolymer that has not been cross-linked, but the length is preferably 5000 to 150,000, more preferably 5000 to 100,000 as a weight average molecular weight. Hereinafter, it is particularly preferably 5,000 or more and 50,000 or less.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) is preferably 3 or less, particularly preferably 1.5 or less.
- the encapsulant resin mainly containing the cross-copolymer obtained by this production method and its sheet have a total light transmittance of 0.5% thickness of 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, and have high transparency.
- the A hardness of the sealing material sheet is 50 or more and less than 70, preferably A hardness 50 or more and less than 65, and most preferably A hardness 50 or more and less than 63.
- the storage elastic modulus (E ′) obtained by viscoelasticity measurement is preferably 5 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or more at 100 ° C., particularly preferably 1 ⁇ 10 5 Pa or more at 100 ° C. Sufficient heat resistance when used.
- the sealing material sheet of the present invention can exhibit high mechanical properties as a soft resin having a breaking strength of 10 MPa or more and an elongation at break of 300% or more.
- the light stabilizer used in the encapsulant resin and the sheet of the present invention requires a light stabilizer that captures radicals generated by light, and an ultraviolet absorber that converts light energy into harmless heat energy as necessary. Also used together.
- a hindered amine light stabilizer is preferably used.
- the ultraviolet absorber include benzotriazole, triazine, benzophenone, benzoate, cyanoacrylate, oxalic anilide, and malonic ester.
- the mass ratio of the ultraviolet absorber to the light stabilizer is in the range of 0: 100 to 100: 10, and the total mass of the ultraviolet absorber and the hindered amine light stabilizer is defined as the light-proofing agent mass.
- the above light-proofing agents can be obtained, for example, as ADEKA STAB LA series from ADEKA Corporation or as Sumisorb series from Sumika Chemtex Co., Ltd.
- antioxidant As the antioxidant (anti-aging agent), various antioxidants such as phosphorus, lactone, vitamin E, sulfur, and phenol are appropriately used for the encapsulant resin and the sheet of the present invention.
- the amount used is generally in the range of 0.001 to 3 mass% with respect to the total mass of the sealing material. These may be used individually by 1 type and may be used in combination of 2 or more types.
- the sealing resin of the present invention and its sheet have adhesiveness and adhesion to a light-receiving surface side transparent protective member such as tempered glass, a back surface side protective member (back sheet), or the solar cell itself and wirings.
- a silane coupling agent is added as necessary.
- the amount used is generally in the range of 0.001 to 3 mass% with respect to the total mass of the sealing material.
- a silane coupling agent is a silane compound having a functional group and a hydrolytic condensable group in the molecule.
- the functional group examples include vinyl groups such as vinyl, methacryloxy, acryloxy, and styryl, amino groups, epoxy groups, mercapto groups, sulfide groups, isocyanate groups, and halogens.
- the functional group is preferably a vinyl group, amino group, epoxy group, methacryloxy group, or acryloxy group, and most preferably an amino group or methacryloxy group.
- These coupling agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- silane coupling agent having a vinyl group as a functional group examples include vinyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltriethoxysilane.
- An example of a silane coupling agent having a styryl group as a functional group is p-styryltrimethoxysilane.
- An example of a silane coupling agent having an acryloxy group as a functional group is 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.
- Examples of the silane coupling agent having a methacryloxy group as a functional group include 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, and 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane. Can be illustrated.
- Examples of the silane coupling agent having an epoxy group as a functional group include 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 2- (3,4 -Epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane.
- silane coupling agent having an amino group as a functional group examples include 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-2 -(Aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylethyldimethoxysilane, N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N -2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) amine, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) amine, N-
- the encapsulant resin of the present invention and its sheet are mainly known for the purpose of grafting the silane coupling agent to the resin, as long as it is a known organic peroxide within the range not impairing the thermoplasticity of the encapsulant sheet of the present invention. Auxiliaries can be added.
- the amount of organic peroxide used is generally in the range of 0.001 to 0.5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the sealing material. These may be used individually by 1 type and may be used in combination of 2 or more types. Such peroxides can be obtained from NOF Corporation and Arkema Corporation.
- the crosslinking aid is not limited to the following, but is triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl cyanurate, N, N′-phenylenebismaleimide, ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, propanediol di (meth) acrylate. , Butanediol di (meth) acrylate, hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, nonanediol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, and the like. These may be used individually by 1 type and may be used in combination of 2 or more types.
- the auxiliary agent When the auxiliary agent is blended, its content is not particularly limited, but usually it is preferably in the range of 0.001 to 0.5% by mass with respect to the total mass.
- a known arbitrary plasticizer conventionally used for polyvinyl chloride and other resins is added in an amount of 0.1 to 20% by mass based on the total mass of the sealing material. It can mix
- the plasticizer preferably used is an oxygen-containing or nitrogen-containing plasticizer, and is a plasticizer selected from an ester plasticizer, an epoxy plasticizer, an ether plasticizer, or an amide plasticizer.
- plasticizers have relatively good compatibility with the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer used in the cross-copolymer of the present invention, and are difficult to bleed, and have a glass transition temperature.
- the plasticizing effect that can be evaluated based on the degree of decrease is large and can be suitably used.
- ester plasticizers that can be suitably used in the present invention include phthalic acid esters, trimellitic acid esters, adipic acid esters, sebacic acid esters, azelate esters, citrate esters, acetyl citrate esters, Mono-fatty acid esters such as glutamic acid esters, succinic acid esters, and acetic acid esters, phosphoric acid esters, and polyesters thereof.
- the epoxy plasticizer that can be suitably used in the present invention include epoxidized soybean oil and epoxidized linseed oil.
- amide plasticizer that can be suitably used in the present invention include sulfonic acid amides. These plasticizers may be used alone or in combination.
- An ester plasticizer is particularly preferably used in the present invention. These plasticizers are excellent in compatibility with the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer in the composition range, excellent in plasticizing effect (high glass transition temperature reduction degree), There is an advantage that there are few.
- a plasticizer of adipic acid ester or acetylcitrate ester is most preferably used in the present invention.
- the compounding amount of the plasticizer is 1 part by mass or more and 30 parts by mass or less, preferably 1 part by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the sealing material including the cross copolymer of the present invention. It is. If the amount is less than 1 part by mass, the above effect is insufficient. If the amount is more than 30 parts by mass, it may cause bleeding, excessive softening, and excessive stickiness. Moreover, the fluidity
- a known method for adding an additive to a resin can be used.
- Industrially for example, a twin screw extruder, a Banbury mixer, a roll molding machine, or the like can be used. Thereafter, it can be formed into a sheet by a known molding method such as inflation molding, extrusion molding, T-die molding, calender molding, roll molding, press molding or the like.
- a known method can be used.
- At least a light-proofing agent, a silane coupling agent, an organic peroxide, and a cross-linking aid or an antioxidant as necessary are added to the cross copolymer, and the organic peroxide is effective and sufficient.
- a method of kneading under the condition of decomposing into a sheet, grafting a silane coupling agent on the resin, and then molding the sheet as a thermoplastic sealing material there is a method in which at least a light-proofing agent and, if necessary, an antioxidant are added and kneaded first, and then formed into a sheet, and a silane coupling agent is applied by a known method.
- the application method examples include known methods such as gravure coating, roll coating, dip coating, and spraying.
- the coupling agent may be used after diluted in an appropriate solvent or may be used without dilution.
- the sheet before or after coating may be subjected to corona treatment, plasma treatment or electron beam irradiation to activate the surface or fix the coupling agent to the surface.
- corona treatment plasma treatment or electron beam irradiation to activate the surface or fix the coupling agent to the surface.
- the thickness is not particularly limited, but is generally 30 ⁇ m to 1 mm, preferably 100 ⁇ m to 0.5 mm. . Particularly in the case of a thin film sealing material having a thickness of about 100 ⁇ m to 0.2 mm, it has excellent performance for protecting the cell during production (sealing) or use in the environment. Although this is an example which shows the favorable sealing property of the sealing material sheet of this invention, it is not limited to this.
- Examples of the solar cell using the sealing material include solar cells of crystalline silicon type, polycrystalline silicon type, amorphous silicon type, compound type, and organic type. High moisture resistance (low water vapor transmission), high electrical insulation, and corrosivity such as acetic acid, even in the case where solar cells adhere to the surface glass, such as thin film solar cells, and the sealing material does not require transparency The point that the substance is not liberated is advantageous in terms of improving the reliability of the solar cell.
- Determination of the styrene unit content in the copolymer was carried out by 1H-NMR, and equipment used was ⁇ -500 manufactured by JEOL Ltd. or AC-250 manufactured by BRUCKER. It was dissolved in deuterated 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and the measurement was carried out at 80-100 ° C. The area intensity of the peak derived from the phenyl group proton (6.5 to 7.5 ppm) and the proton peak derived from the alkyl group (0.8 to 3 ppm) was compared based on TMS.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) in terms of standard polystyrene were determined using GPC (gel permeation chromatography). The measurement was performed under the following conditions. Column: TSK-GEL Multipore HXL-M ⁇ 7.8 ⁇ 300 mm (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) was connected in series. Column temperature: 40 ° C Solvent: THF Liquid feed flow rate: 1.0 ml / min.
- DSC measurement was performed under a nitrogen stream using a DSC200 manufactured by Seiko Denshi. That is, using 10 mg of the resin composition, DSC measurement was performed from ⁇ 50 ° C. to 240 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min, and the melting point, heat of crystal melting, and glass transition point were determined. After the first measurement, the second measurement performed after quenching with liquid nitrogen was not performed.
- ⁇ Tensile test> A sheet having a thickness of 1.0 mm formed by a hot press method (temperature 180 ° C., time 3 minutes, pressure 50 kg / cm 2) was used. In accordance with JIS K-6251, the sheet was cut into a No. 2 1/2 type test piece shape and measured using an AGS-100D type tensile tester manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation at a tensile speed of 500 mm / min.
- the hardness was determined as a type A durometer hardness according to the JIS K-7215 plastic durometer hardness test method. This hardness is an instantaneous value.
- the sealing material sheet (thickness 0.5 mm or thickness 0.15 mm) was formed by a hot press method (temperature 180 ° C., time 4 minutes, pressure 50 kg / cm 2).
- ⁇ Viscoelastic spectrum> A measurement sample (3 mm ⁇ 40 mm) is cut out from the 0.5 mm-thick sheet, and a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device (Rheometrics RSA-III) is used, with a frequency of 1 Hz and a temperature range of ⁇ 50 ° C. to + 250 ° C. Measured in range. Other main measurement parameters related to measurement are as follows. Temperature rising rate 4 ° C / min Sample measurement length 10mm Initial Static Force 5.0g Auto Tension Sensitivity 1.0g Max Auto Tension Rate 0.033mm / s Max Applied Strain 1.5% Min Allowed Force 1.0g
- Water vapor transmission rate> The water vapor transmission rate was measured up to 100 hours under the conditions of 40 ° C. and 90% humidity according to the JISZ0208 cup method using the 0.5 mm thickness sheet.
- the metadivinylbenzene used in the following production examples is manufactured by Aldrich (purity 80% as divinylbenzene, meta-body, para-body mixture meta-body: para-body mass ratio is 70:30).
- the ethylene supply was stopped, the pressure was released, and the internal temperature was cooled to 70 ° C. (coordination polymerization step). Thereafter, the polymerization liquid was transferred to a heavy can for anionic polymerization having a capacity of 50 L, a stirrer and a heating / cooling jacket. At the same time, several tens ml of the analytical polymerization solution was collected. 22.0 mmol of n-butyllithium was introduced into the polymerization can for anionic polymerization along with nitrogen gas from the catalyst tank (crossing step). Anion polymerization started immediately, and the internal temperature rose from 70 ° C to 80 ° C temporarily. The temperature was maintained at 70 ° C.
- Production Examples 2-3 Polymerization was performed in the same manner as in Production Example 1 under the conditions shown in Table 1.
- Table 2 shows the ethylene-aromatic vinyl compound-aromatic polyene copolymer macromonomer obtained, and Table 3 shows the analytical values of the cross-copolymer obtained after the anionic polymerization step.
- KBM-903 a silane coupling agent manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Perhexa 25B an organic peroxide manufactured by NOF Corporation
- LA57 a hindered amine light stabilizer manufactured by ADEKA Corporation
- Uvinul 3035 manufactured by BASF Corporation
- UV absorber UV absorber
- SUMISORB 130 ultraviolet absorber
- Example 1 and Example 2 are sealant resins obtained by using the cross copolymers obtained in Production Example 1 and Production Example 2, respectively, and Example 3 is a cloth obtained in Production Example 2. It is a sealing material resin obtained by using a copolymer but changing the silane coupling agent.
- Comparative Example 1 is a sealing material resin obtained using the cross-copolymer obtained in Production Example 3.
- Comparative Examples 2 and 3 are encapsulant resins obtained using Engage 8100 and PL1880, respectively.
- Various physical properties of the obtained sealing material resin were measured with a 0.5 mm-thick sheet obtained by the hot press method, and are shown in Table 4. However, only the A hardness was measured according to JIS K-7215 by separately preparing a 1.0 mm thick sheet by the same pressing method and stacking five sheets.
- a sealing material sheet (hereinafter referred to as 0.15 mm) having a thickness of 0.5 mm and a thickness of 0.15 to 0.20 mm was prepared by a similar hot pressing method.
- a solar cell module vacuum laminator (LM-50X50-S) manufactured by NPC, tempered glass for solar cells (thickness: 3.2 mm)
- the resulting sealing material sheet polycrystalline silicon cell (thickness: 200 microns) , With tab lines)
- sealing material sheet, TPT back sheet in this order conditions of Table 5, ie, temperature 150 ° C., evacuation 5 minutes, pressurization time 30 minutes or 3 minutes in vacuum Sealing was performed to obtain a solar cell module.
- four modules were prepared under the same conditions.
- the tempered glass for solar cells (thickness: 3.2 mm), the obtained sealing material sheet, and the TPT type back sheet are stacked in this order from the bottom, 150 ° C., evacuation for 3 minutes, and pressurization for 30 minutes.
- the sample was subjected to pressure bonding under the conditions to obtain a sample for evaluating adhesive strength.
- the resin part of the obtained sample was cut into a strip shape having a width of 25 mm, and the peel strength between the glass and the sealing material was measured.
- the measurement was performed using an AGS-100D type tensile tester manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation at a speed of 100 mm / min under a 180 ° peeling condition.
- the peel strength was 40 N / 25 mm or more, and beyond that, measurement was impossible.
- the encapsulant resins of Examples 1, 2, and 3 using the cross-copolymers obtained in Production Examples 1 and 2 have high softness, good mechanical properties, transparency, heat resistance, electrical insulation, It can be seen that it shows moisture resistance.
- the sealing materials of Examples 1, 2, and 3 were used, the solar cell module was able to be sealed under various conditions without cell cracking or disconnection, without voids or poor adhesion.
- Sealing material obtained by the above hot press method using the vacuum laminator and the tempered glass for solar cells (thickness: 3.2 mm) and the sealing material resin obtained in Examples 1, 2, and 3 from below.
- Sheet (thickness 0.5 mm, 0.15 mm), polycrystalline silicon cell (length and width 156 mm, thickness 200 microns, with tab wire manufactured by Q Cell), sealing material sheet (thickness 0.5 mm, 0.15 mm) , TPT type backsheets are stacked in order, using modules (4 pieces) obtained under the conditions of 150 ° C, evacuation for 3 minutes, and pressurization for 3 minutes, 2 pieces to DH-1000 (IEC61215 10.13 Damp heat test) According to TC-50 / HF-10 (according to IEC61215 10.12 and 10.11, -40 to 85 ° C cycle 50 times) / The same cycle was used at 85 ° C. under 10% humidity 85% application cycle).
- any of the modules after the test cell cracking, disconnection, void due to peeling, adhe
- Examples 4 to 9 Sealing material obtained by the above hot press method using the vacuum laminator and the tempered glass for solar cells (thickness: 3.2 mm) and the sealing material resin obtained in Examples 1, 2, and 3 from below.
- Sheet (thickness 0.5 mm, 0.2 mm), polycrystalline silicon cell (length and width 156 mm, thickness 200 microns, with tab wire manufactured by Q Cell), sealing material sheet (thickness 0.5 mm, 0.2 mm)
- the TPT back sheet was stacked in this order and sealed under the conditions shown in Table 6 to obtain a solar cell module (single cell).
- the ratio of Pmax after DH test to the initial Pmax of each module was expressed in%.
- the results of Examples and Comparative Examples are shown in Table 6 and FIG.
- the solar cell module using the sealing material made of the cross-copolymer of the present invention does not substantially change the power generation performance even after the DH-1000 test is performed five times (that is, after 5000 hours), and has excellent durability. Indicated.
- the module using the EVA sealing material showed a significant decrease in power generation performance after the second DH-1000 test (that is, after 2000 h). At the end of 3 times (3000 h), an initial Pmax ratio of 95% or more, which is a criterion for performance judgment, was interrupted, so further tests were stopped.
- the sealing material resin and sheet thereof of the present invention are excellent in mechanical properties, transparency, heat resistance, electrical insulation, moisture resistance, softness and sealing properties, and are suitable as, for example, a thin-layered sealing material.
- a new thermoplastic sealing material there is a possibility that it can be used regardless of the type of crystalline or thin film solar cell.
- a Light-receiving side transparent protective member B Back side protective member (back sheet) C1 Light-Receiving Side Sealing Material C2 Back Side Sealing Material D Solar Cell
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Abstract
Description
本発明の主にクロス共重合体からなる封止材樹脂とそのシートには、通常封止材に用いる他の各種添加物、すなわち、耐光剤、酸化防止材(老化防止剤)、シランカップリング剤、必要に応じて架橋材、必要に応じて架橋助剤、等を含むことができる。
配位重合工程で得られるエチレン-芳香族ビニル化合物-芳香族ポリエン共重合体マクロモノマ-の芳香族ポリエンユニット含量0.01モル%以上0.2モル%以下の場合、透明性に優れかつ成形加工性が良好なクロス共重合体を得ることが出来る。芳香族ポリエンユニット含量が0.01モル%未満では、クロス共重合体の生成効率が低下し、主鎖エチレン-芳香族ビニル化合物-芳香族ポリエン共重合体マクロモノマ-と芳香族ビニル化合物ポリマ-の混合物(非相溶)の割合が増加し、透明性が低下してしまう。芳香族ポリエンユニット含量が0.2モル%を越えると得られるクロス共重合体の成形加工性(MFR)が低下してしまい、またゲル分等が生成しやすくなる。
エチレン連鎖構造に由来する結晶構造が一定以上存在すると軟質性や透明性が損なわれてしまう場合があり、さらに成形加工時に結晶化による収縮等成形体の寸法安定性が損なわれてしまう場合がある。本発明により得られるクロス共重合体は、オレフィン結晶性および他の結晶性も含めた総結晶融解熱としては30J/g以下、好ましくは20J/g以下である。総結晶融解熱はDSC(示差走査熱量測定:Differential Scanning Calorimetry)により0℃~150℃の範囲に観測される融点に由来するピ-クの面積の総和から求めることが出来る。
<配位重合工程>
本製造方法の配位重合工程においては、シングルサイト配位重合触媒が用いられる。好ましくは、下記の一般式(1)または(6)で表される遷移金属化合物と助触媒から構成されるシングルサイト配位重合触媒を用いる。
なお、下記の一般式(2)、(3)、(4)においてR1~R3はそれぞれ水素、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数6~10のアリール基、炭素数7~20のアルキルアリール基、ハロゲン原子、OSiR3基、SiR3基またはPR2基(Rはいずれも炭素数1~10の炭化水素基を表す)である。R1同士、R2同士、R3同士は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、また、隣接するR1、R2基は一体となって5~8員環の芳香環または脂肪環を形成してもよい。
下記の一般式(5)においてR4はそれぞれ水素、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数6~10のアリール基、炭素数7~20のアルキルアリール基、ハロゲン原子、OSiR3基、SiR3基またはPR2基(Rはいずれも炭素数1~10の炭化水素基を表す)である。R4同士は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。
さらに好ましくは、式中、A、Bは同一でも異なっていてもよく、共に一般式(2)、(3)、(4)で示される非置換もしくは置換ベンゾインデニル基、一般式(5)で示される非置換もしくは置換インデニル基から選ばれる基である。
Y’は、Cp、Zと結合を有し、他に水素もしくは炭素数1~15の炭化水素基を有するメチレン基、シリレン基、エチレン基、ゲルミレン基、または硼素基である。置換基は互いに異なっていても同一でもよい。また、Y’は環状構造を有していてもよい。
Zは窒素原子、酸素原子または硫黄原子を含み、窒素原子、酸素原子または硫黄原子でM’に配位する配位子でY’と結合を有し、他に水素もしくは炭素数1~15の置換基を有する基である。
M’はジルコニウム、ハフニウム、またはチタンである。
X’は、水素、ハロゲン、炭素数1-15のアルキル基、炭素数6-10のアリール基、炭素数8-12のアルキルアリール基、炭素数1-4の炭化水素置換基を有するシリル基、炭素数1-10のアルコキシ基、または炭素数1-6のアルキル置換基を有するジアルキルアミド基である。
nは、1または2の整数である。
アルモキサン等の助触媒は、遷移金属化合物の金属に対し、アルミニウム原子/遷移金属原子比で0.1~100000、好ましくは10~10000の比で用いられる。0.1以上では有効に遷移金属化合物を活性化でき、100000以下では経済的に有利となる。
以上の共重合の方法としては溶媒を用いずに液状モノマー中で重合させる方法、あるいはペンタン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、ベンゼン、トルエン、エチルベンゼン、キシレン、クロロ置換ベンゼン、クロロ置換トルエン、塩化メチレン、クロロホルム等の飽和脂肪族または芳香族炭化水素またはハロゲン化炭化水素の単独または混合溶媒を用いる方法がある。好ましくは混合アルカン系溶媒、シクロヘキサン、トルエン、エチルベンゼン等を用いる。重合形態は溶液重合、スラリ-重合いずれでもよい。また、必要に応じ、バッチ重合、連続重合、予備重合、多段式重合等の公知の方法を用いることが出来る。
単数や連結された複数のタンク式重合缶やリニアやル-プの単数、連結された複数のパイプ重合設備を用いることも可能である。パイプ状の重合缶には、動的、あるいは静的な混合機や除熱を兼ねた静的混合機等の公知の各種混合機、除熱用の細管を備えた冷却器等の公知の各種冷却器を有してもよい。また、バッチタイプの予備重合缶を有していてもよい。さらには気相重合等の方法を用いることができる。
重合時の圧力は、0.1気圧~100気圧が適当であり、好ましくは1~30気圧、特に工業的に特に好ましくは、1~10気圧である。
本発明の製造方法のアニオン重合工程では、配位重合工程で得られたエチレン-芳香族ビニル化合物-芳香族ポリエン共重合体マクロモノマ-と芳香族ビニル化合物モノマーの共存下、アニオン重合開始剤を用いて重合を行う。
重合形態は、アニオン重合に用いられる任意の公知の方法を用いることができる。
重合温度は、-78℃~200℃が適当である。-78℃以上の重合温度は工業的に有利であり、150℃以下では連鎖移動等が起こらないので適当である。さらに工業的に好ましくは、0℃~200℃、特に好ましくは30℃~150℃である。
重合時の圧力は、0.1気圧~100気圧が適当であり、好ましくは1~30気圧、特に工業的に特に好ましくは、1~10気圧である。
開始剤量は、配位重合工程で、重合触媒の助触媒として、メチルアルモキサンを用いる場合には、その中に含まれる酸素原子の当量以上の、特に好ましくは2当量以上の量を用いるのが好ましい。配位重合工程で、重合触媒の助触媒として、硼素化合物を用いた場合、その量はメチルアルモキサン中の酸素原子当量に比して、十分少ないため、開始剤量を低減することが可能である。
クロス鎖部分の長さ(分子量)は、クロス化されなかったホモポリマーの分子量から推定できるが、その長さは、重量平均分子量として、好ましくは5000以上15万以下、さらに好ましくは5000以上10万以下、特に好ましくは5000以上5万以下である。また、その分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は好ましくは3以下、特に好ましくは1.5以下である。
本発明の封止材樹脂とそのシートに用いられる耐光剤は、光で生成するラジカルを捕捉する光安定剤が必須であり、必要に応じて光エネルギーを無害な熱エネルギーに変換する紫外線吸収剤も併用する。
光安定剤としては、ヒンダードアミン系光安定剤が好ましく用いられる。
紫外線吸収剤としては、ベンゾトリアゾール系、トリアジン系、ベンゾフェノン系、ベンゾエート系、シアノアクリレート系、蓚酸アニリド系、あるいはマロン酸エステル系が例示できる。
紫外線吸収剤と光安定剤の質量比は0:100~100:10の範囲で、紫外線吸収剤とヒンダードアミン系光安定剤の質量の合計量を耐光剤質量とし、その使用量は、一般的に封止材全質量に対し、0.001~3質量%の範囲である。これらは1種類を単独で使用してもよいし、2種類以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。以上のような耐光剤は、例えば株式会社ADEKAよりアデカスタブLAシリーズとして、あるいは住化ケムテックス社よりスミソーブシリーズとして、入手することが出来る。
本発明の封止材樹脂とそのシートには酸化防止材(老化防止剤)としては、リン系、ラクトン系、ビタミンE系、イオウ系、フェノール系の各種の酸化防止剤が適宜用いられる。その使用量は、一般的に封止材全質量に対し、0.001~3質量%の範囲である。これらは1種類を単独で使用してもよいし、2種類以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。
本発明の封止材樹脂とそのシートには、強化ガラス等の受光面側透明保護部材や、裏面側保護部材(バックシート)、あるいは太陽電池セル自体や配線類との接着性、密着性を向上する目的で、必要に応じシランカップリング剤を添加する。その使用量は、封止材全質量に対し、一般的に0.001~3質量%の範囲である。シランカップリング剤とは分子内に官能基と加水分解縮合性基を有するシラン化合物である。官能基としては、ビニル、メタクリロキシ、アクリロキシ、スチリル等のビニル基、アミノ基、エポキシ基、メルカプト基、スルフィド基、イソシアネート基、ハロゲン等が例示できる。ガラスとの高い接着性を考慮すると、官能基としてビニル基、アミノ基、エポキシ基、メタクリロキシ基、アクリロキシ基が好ましく、アミノ基、メタクリロキシ基が最も好ましい。これらの官能基は、分子内に単数または複数有してもよい。これらのカップリング剤は1種または2種以上を用いることができる。
本発明の封止材樹脂とそのシートには、主にシランカップリング剤の樹脂へのグラフトを目的として、本発明の封止材シートの熱可塑性を損なわない範囲で公知の有機過酸化物及び助剤を添加することができる。有機過酸化物の使用量は、封止材全質量に対し、一般的に0.001~0.5質量%の範囲である。これらは1種類を単独で使用してもよいし、2種類以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。このような過酸化物は日油株式会社、アルケマ社から入手できる。
架橋助材としては、以下に限定されるものではないが、トリアリルイソシアヌレート、トリアリルシアヌレート、N,N’-フェニレンビスマレイミド、エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、プロパンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ブタンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ヘキサンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、ノナンジオールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレートなどが挙げられる。これらは1種類を単独で使用してもよいし、2種類以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。助剤を配合する場合、その含有量に特に制限はないが、通常、合計質量に対して0.001~0.5質量%の範囲であるのが好ましい。
本発明の封止材樹脂とそのシートには、さらに必要に応じて従来塩ビや他の樹脂に用いられる公知の任意の可塑剤を、封止材全質量に対し、0.1~20質量%の範囲で配合することが出来る。好ましく用いられる可塑剤は含酸素または含窒素系可塑剤であり、エステル系可塑剤、エポキシ系可塑剤、エ-テル系可塑剤、またはアミド系可塑剤から選ばれる可塑剤である。
本発明に好適に用いることができるエポキシ系可塑剤の例としては、エポキシ化大豆油、エポキシ化亜麻仁油が挙げられる。
本発明に好適に用いることができるアミド系可塑剤の例としては、スルホン酸アミドが挙げられる。これら可塑剤は単独で用いても、複数を用いてもよい。
本発明に特に好ましく用いられるのはエステル系可塑剤である。これらの可塑剤は、本組成範囲のエチレン-芳香族ビニル化合物-芳香族ポリエン共重合体マクロモノマ-との相溶性に優れ、可塑化効果に優れ(ガラス転移温度低下度が高い)、ブリ-ドが少ないという利点がある。さらに本発明に最も好ましく用いられるのは、アジピン酸エステルまたはアセチルクエン酸エステルの可塑剤である。
また可塑剤を配合することで、封止材の流動性を向上させることができる。特に用いられるクロス共重合体のMFR値が低い場合、上記の範囲で可塑剤を添加することにより封止材として適当なMFR値に調整することが可能となる。流動性向上のために用いられる添加剤としては、可塑剤以外には水添石油樹脂が、クロス共重合体との相溶性、透明性、無着色性の観点から好適に用いられる。
本発明のクロス共重合体を含む封止材樹脂を太陽電池封止材用シ-トとして用いる場合、その厚みに特に制限はないが、一般に30μm~1mm、好ましくは100μm~0.5mmである。特に100μm~0.2mm程度の薄膜の封止材において、製造(封止)時や環境中での使用時にセルを保護する性能に優れている。これは本発明の封止材シートの良好な封止性を示す一例であるがこれには限定されない。このような薄膜の封止材でも真空ラミネーション時にセルの割れなく封止できる性能は、ひいては工業的生産時において、通常の厚さ(0.4~0.6mm)の封止材を用いた場合でも例えばセル割れが少なく、歩留まりが向上する可能性を示している。本発明の樹脂組成物からなるシ-トを製造するには、インフレーション成形、押し出し成形(Tダイ成形)、カレンダ-成形、ロ-ル成形などの公知の成形法を採用することができる。
カラム:TSK-GEL MultiporeHXL-M φ7.8×300mm(東ソ-社製)を2本直列に繋いで用いた。
カラム温度:40℃
溶媒:THF
送液流量:1.0ml/min.
加熱プレス法(温度180℃、時間3分間、圧力50kg/cm2)により成形した厚さ1.0mmのシ-トを用いた。JIS K-6251に準拠し、シートを2号1/2号型テストピース形状にカットし、島津製作所社製AGS-100D型引張試験機を用い、引張速度500mm/minにて測定した。
硬度はJIS K-7215プラスチックのデュロメーター硬さ試験法に準じてタイプAのデュロメーター硬度を求めた。この硬度は瞬間値である。
<全光線透過率、ヘイズ>
上記0.5mmの厚さシートを用い、JISK―7375プラスチックの光学的特性試験方法に準じて日本電色工業社製濁度計NDH2000を用いて全光線透過率およびヘイズを測定した。
上記厚さ0.5mmのシートから測定用サンプル(3mm×40mm)を切り出し、動的粘弾性測定装置(レオメトリックス社RSA-III)を使用し、周波数1Hz、温度領域-50℃~+250℃の範囲で測定した。
測定に関わるその他主要測定パラメ-タ-は以下の通りである。
昇温速度4℃/分
サンプル測定長10mm
Initial Static Force 5.0g
Auto Tension Sensitivity 1.0g
Max Auto Tension Rate 0.033mm/s
Max Applied Strain 1.5%
Min Allowed Force 1.0g
水蒸気透過率は、上記0.5mm厚さシートを用い、JISZ0208 カップ法、に従い、40℃、湿度90%の条件で100時間まで測定した。
上記0.5mm厚さシートを用い、JISK6911に従い室温で測定した。
上記0.5mm厚さシートを用い、JISC2110に従い、室温で測定した。
以下の製造例で用いたメタジビニルベンゼンは、アルドリッチ社製(ジビニルベンゼンとしての純度80%、メタ体、パラ体混合物のメタ体:パラ体質量比は70:30)である。
以下の製造例では、触媒(遷移金属化合物)として、rac(ラセミ体)-ジメチルメチレンビス(4,5-ベンゾ-1-インデニル)ジルコニウムジクロライド(式7)を用いた。
<クロス共重合体の製造>
触媒としてrac-ジメチルメチレンビス(4,5-ベンゾ-1-インデニル)ジルコニウムジクロライドを用い、以下のように実施した。
容量50L、攪拌機及び加熱冷却用ジャケット付の配位重合用重号缶(オートクレーブ)を用いて重合を行った。シクロヘキサン21.3kg、スチレン3.2kg及び新日鐵化学社製ジビニルベンゼン(メタ、パラ混合品、純度81質量%、ジビニルベンゼン分として61mmol)を仕込み、内温60℃に調整し攪拌(220rpm)した。乾燥窒素ガスを10L/分の流量で約15分、液中にバブリングして系内及び重合液の水分をパージした。次いで、トリイソブチルアルミニウム50mmol、メチルアルモキサン(東ソーアクゾ社製、MMAO-3A/ヘキサン溶液)をAl基準で60mmol(表中ではMAOと記載)加え、ただちにエチレンで系内をパ-ジした。十分にパ-ジした後、内温を85℃に昇温してエチレンを導入し、圧力0.4MPa(3kg/cm2G)で安定した後に、オートクレーブ上に設置した触媒タンクから、rac-ジメチルメチレンビス(4,5-ベンゾ-1-インデニル)ジルコニウムジクロライドを80μmol、トリイソブチルアルミニウム1mmolを溶かしたトルエン溶液約50mlをオートクレーブ中に加えた。さらに、流量制御弁を介しエチレンを補給し、内温を90℃、圧力を0.4MPaに維持しながら重合を実施した。エチレンの流速、積算流量から重合進行状況をモニタ-した。所定のエチレン流量に達した後、エチレンの供給を停止し、放圧すると共に内温を70℃まで冷却した(以上配位重合工程)。その後重合液を、容量50L、攪拌機及び加熱冷却用ジャケット付のアニオン重合用重号缶に移送した。同時に分析用重合液を数十ml採取した。n-ブチルリチウム220mmolを触媒タンクから窒素ガスに同伴させてアニオン重合用重合缶内に導入した(クロス化工程)。直ちにアニオン重合が開始し、内温は70℃から一時80℃まで上昇した。そのまま30分間温度を70℃に維持し攪拌を継続し重合を続けた。約百mlのメタノ-ルを重合缶に加え、アニオン重合を停止した。重合停止後、得られたポリマー液を、激しく攪拌した大量のメタノール液中に少量ずつ投入して、ポリマーを回収した。このポリマーを室温で1昼夜風乾した後に60℃、真空中、質量変化が認められなくなるまで乾燥した。
表1に示す条件で、製造例1と同様に重合を実施した。
製造例1、2、および3で得られたクロス共重合体は、本発明の条件を満たし、製造例3で得られたクロス橋重合体は本発明の条件を満たしていない。製造例のクロス共重合体以外に、市販のLLDPE(エチレンーオクテン共重合体)であるエンゲージ8100(密度0.870)、PL1880(密度0.902)を用意した。製造例1~3、市販のLLDPEを用い、表4に示す配合で封止材樹脂を得た。配合には、KBM―903(信越化学社製シランカップリング剤)、パーヘキサ25B(日油社製有機過酸化物)、LA57(株式会社ADEKA社製ヒンダードアミン系光安定剤)、Uvinul3035(BASF社製紫外線吸収剤)、スミソーブ130(紫外線吸収剤)を用いた。バンバリ式混練機(東洋精機社製ラボプラストミルB-250)を用い、クロス共重合体と上記各種添加剤を表4に示す配合(質量部)で、一回の混練あたり合計約200gを200℃、100rpm、7分間混練し封止材樹脂を作製した。実施例1、実施例2はそれぞれ製造例1、製造例2で得られたクロス共重合体を使用して得られた封止剤樹脂であり、実施例3は製造例2で得られたクロス共重合体を用い、ただしシランカップリング剤を変更して得られた封止材樹脂である。比較例1は製造例3で得られたクロス共重合体を使用して得られた封止材樹脂である。比較例2、比較例3はそれぞれエンゲージ8100、PL1880を用いて得られた封止材樹脂である。得られた封止材樹脂を用い、上記加熱プレス法で得た0.5mm厚さシートにより各種物性を測定し表4中に示した。ただしA硬度のみは、JIS K-7215に従い、別途厚さ1.0mmシートを同様のプレス法により作成しこれを5枚重ねて測定した。
上記真空ラミネーターを用い、下から太陽電池用強化ガラス(厚さ3.2mm)、実施例1、2、3で得られた封止材樹脂を用い、上記加熱プレス法により得られた封止材シート(厚さ0.5mm、0.2mm)、多結晶シリコンセル(Qセル社製縦横156mm、厚さ200ミクロン、タブ線付き)、同封止材シート(厚さ0.5mm、0.2mm)、TPT型バックシートの順に重ね、表6の条件で封止し太陽電池モジュール(単セル)を得た。日清紡メカトロニクス社製ソーラーシュミレータ(SPI-SUNSimulator1116N)により、初期IV特性、最大発電量(Pmax)を測定した。その後、上記DH-1000試験を5回繰り返した。1000時間ごとにモジュールを取り出し、上記ソーラーシュミレータにより測定を行った。
比較例4
封止材として市販のEVA封止材(厚さ0.5mm)を用い、実施例4と同様にして比較用モジュールを作成した。封止は十分にEVAを架橋させるため、150℃、30分実施した。ソーラーシュミレータで測定の後、上記と同様にDH-1000試験を繰り返した。
モジュール作成後の初期Pmaxはすべてのモジュールが3.8~4.0Wの範囲に入っていた。本範囲内のPmaxの変動は結晶シリコンセル間の発電性能のばらつきに起因すると考えられる。各モジュールの初期Pmaxに対するDH試験後のPmaxの割合を%で表記した。
実施例と比較例の結果を表6と図2に示す。本発明のクロス共重合体製の封止材を使用した太陽電池モジュールはDH-1000試験を5回行った後(すなわち5000h後)も発電性能は実質的に変化せず、優れた耐久性を示した。一方、EVA封止材を使用したモジュールはDH-1000試験2回以降(すなわち2000h以降)で発電性能の大幅な低下が認められた。3回終了時(3000h)に、性能判断の基準である初期Pmax比95%以上を割り込んだためそれ以上の試験を中止した。
B 裏面側保護部材(バックシート)
C1 受光面側封止材
C2 裏面側封止材
D 太陽電池用セル
Claims (7)
- シングルサイト配位重合触媒を用いてエチレンモノマー、芳香族ビニル化合物モノマーおよび芳香族ポリエンの共重合を行い、芳香族ビニル化合物ユニット含量17モル%以上30モル%以下、芳香族ポリエンユニット含量0.01モル%以上0.2モル%以下、残部がエチレンユニット含量であるエチレン-芳香族ビニル化合物-芳香族ポリエン共重合体マクロモノマ-を合成する配位重合工程と、
前記エチレン-芳香族ビニル化合物-芳香族ポリエン共重合体マクロモノマ-と芳香族ビニル化合物モノマーとを共存させ、アニオン重合開始剤を用いて重合させるアニオン重合工程からなる重合工程と、
を含む製造方法により得られるクロス共重合体を含む封止材樹脂であって、
(1)前記配位重合工程で得られるエチレン-芳香族ビニル化合物-芳香族ポリエン共重合体マクロモノマ-の重量平均分子量は3万以上15万以下であり、分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は1.8以上4以下であり;
(2)前記エチレン-芳香族ビニル化合物-芳香族ポリエン共重合体マクロモノマ-の0℃~150℃までに観測される結晶融解熱(ΔH)は30J/g以下であり;
(3)前記アニオン重合工程で得られるクロス共重合体中のエチレン-芳香族ビニル化合物-芳香族ポリエン共重合体マクロモノマ-ユニットの質量割合は75質量%以上95質量%以下である、
封止材樹脂。 - A硬度が50以上70未満である請求項1の封止材樹脂。
- 100℃の貯蔵弾性率(E‘)が5×104Pa以上である請求項1の封止材樹脂。
- 他に封止材全質量に対し、0.001~3質量%の範囲の耐光剤、0.001~3質量%の範囲のシランカップリング剤、0.001~3質量%の範囲の有機過酸化物、0.001~0.5質量%の範囲の有機過酸化物、0.001~0.5質量%の範囲の架橋助剤から選ばれる単数又は複数の添加剤を含む請求項1の封止材樹脂。
- 他に封止材全質量に対し、0.001~3質量%の範囲の耐光剤、0.001~3質量%の範囲のシランカップリング剤、及び0.001~3質量%の範囲の有機過酸化物からなる添加剤を含む請求項1の封止材樹脂。
- 請求項1~6いずれか記載の封止材樹脂からなる封止材シート。
- 請求項6記載の封止材シートを用いた太陽電池。
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| CN201280036881.1A CN103717631A (zh) | 2011-08-03 | 2012-08-01 | 封装材料 |
| KR1020147005338A KR101922279B1 (ko) | 2011-08-03 | 2012-08-01 | 봉지재 |
| JP2013526949A JP6073787B2 (ja) | 2011-08-03 | 2012-08-01 | 封止材及びその製造方法 |
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| KR (1) | KR101922279B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN103717631A (ja) |
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| JP2015194253A (ja) * | 2014-03-28 | 2015-11-05 | 三ツ星ベルト株式会社 | 歯付ベルト及びその製造方法 |
| WO2015174485A1 (ja) * | 2014-05-15 | 2015-11-19 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | クロス共重合体とその製造方法 |
| JP2016503089A (ja) * | 2012-12-24 | 2016-02-01 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | オレフィン樹脂組成物 |
| WO2016136534A1 (ja) * | 2015-02-25 | 2016-09-01 | デンカ株式会社 | ポリプロピレン系樹脂組成物およびそれを用いた成形体 |
Families Citing this family (2)
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| KR20240045612A (ko) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-08 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 봉지재 필름용 조성물 및 이를 포함하는 봉지재 필름 |
| CN116063606A (zh) * | 2023-03-21 | 2023-05-05 | 世名(苏州)新材料研究院有限公司 | 一种高频高速ccl用乙烯基树脂及其制备方法 |
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- 2012-08-01 KR KR1020147005338A patent/KR101922279B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-08-01 JP JP2013526949A patent/JP6073787B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2013018839A1 (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
| CN103717631A (zh) | 2014-04-09 |
| TW201329111A (zh) | 2013-07-16 |
| KR20140064811A (ko) | 2014-05-28 |
| JP6073787B2 (ja) | 2017-02-01 |
| KR101922279B1 (ko) | 2018-11-26 |
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