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WO2013016776A1 - Composition et utilisations de celle-ci - Google Patents

Composition et utilisations de celle-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013016776A1
WO2013016776A1 PCT/AU2012/000927 AU2012000927W WO2013016776A1 WO 2013016776 A1 WO2013016776 A1 WO 2013016776A1 AU 2012000927 W AU2012000927 W AU 2012000927W WO 2013016776 A1 WO2013016776 A1 WO 2013016776A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
salts
metal salts
waste stream
sodium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU2012/000927
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mark Andrew Stevens
Lionel DE SILVA
Pre DE SILVA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BOUDAR Paul Anthony
Original Assignee
BOUDAR Paul Anthony
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2011903104A external-priority patent/AU2011903104A0/en
Application filed by BOUDAR Paul Anthony filed Critical BOUDAR Paul Anthony
Publication of WO2013016776A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013016776A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • C02F1/5245—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
    • C02F2103/36—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds
    • C02F2103/365—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds from petrochemical industry (e.g. refineries)

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a chemical composition for use in the treatment of water and waste streams containing ammonia.
  • the invention is directed to a chemical composition for treating industrial and other waste water systems to remove dissolved ammonia, although the scope of the invention is not necessarily limited thereto.
  • ammonia is found as a contaminant in cooling waters from the extraction of iron from its ores.
  • ammonia is used in the extraction of nickel from nickel ore and thus is a contaminant in waste water resulting from the extraction process.
  • waste water systems can also contain ammonia as a contaminant.
  • raw sewage can have a high level of dissolved ammonia.
  • Non-industrial bodies of water which contain ammonia as a contaminant include swimming pools and aquariums.
  • Ammonia in swimming pools is problematic, as it reacts with chlorine (the most common disinfectant used in swimming pools) to form chloramines. Chloramines are irritating to eyes and the respiratory system. The main sources of ammonia in swimming pools are perspiration and urine. When levels of ammonia and thus chloramines are too high, the pool needs to be closed until chloramine levels are reduced. Current techniques for reducing chloramine levels include addition of large excesses of chlorine, addition of oxidizers (such as hydrogen peroxide or potassium peroxymonosulphate), ultra violet (UV) light, or dilution by the addition of fresh water.
  • oxidizers such as hydrogen peroxide or potassium peroxymonosulphate
  • UV light ultra violet
  • a number of different processes for the treatment of industrial waste containing ammonia are known.
  • One process involves a biological treatment, whereby an ammonia- contaminated waste stream is introduced into a tank and treated with ammonia oxidizing bacteria followed by nitrite oxidizing bacteria. Further treatment with denitrifying bacteria results in the production of nitrogen gas, which is released into the atmosphere.
  • Another process for the removal of ammonia from industrial waste water involves the addition of chlorine resulting in the formation of nitrogen gas and hydrochloric acid.
  • hydrochloric acid both of which are hazardous materials.
  • a similarly hazardous process requires the addition of large quantities of a basic compound, such as sodium hydroxide, to increase the pH of waste water thereby shifting the ammonium-ammonia equilibrium towards ammonia to facilitate removal of the ammonia.
  • a more simplistic process for the removal of ammonia from industrial waste streams involves adsorption of the ammonia onto zeolites.
  • this process is not only inefficient in terms of removal of ammonia, but it also requires large quantities of zeolites and agitation of the waste stream with the zeolites in order to adsorb the ammonia.
  • the present invention is directed to a method of treating water and waste streams which contain ammonia, which may at least partially overcome at least one of the
  • the present invention in one form resides broadly in a composition comprising two or more salts independently selected from alkali metal salts and alkali earth metal salts.
  • the present invention resides in a composition comprising two salts independently selected from alkali metal salts and alkali earth metal salts. [0014] In a further form, the present invention resides in a composition comprising approximately equimolar amounts of two salts independently selected from alkali metal salts and alkali earth metal salts.
  • the present invention resides in method for treating a waste stream comprising ammonia, the method including the step of contacting said waste stream with a composition comprising two or more salts independently selected from alkali metal salts and alkali earth metal salts.
  • the method can include a step of agitating the waste stream following contacting said waste stream with a composition comprising two or more salts independently selected from alkali metal salts and alkali earth metal salts.
  • any alkali metal salt can be used in the compositions of the invention.
  • Particularly preferred alkali metal salts are sodium and potassium salts, as these salts are not only readily available, but are also relatively inexpensive.
  • Examples of alkali metal salts which can be utilized in the compositions of the invention include sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium aluminium sulphate, potassium aluminium sulphate, sodium oxalate and potassium oxalate.
  • Any alkali earth metal salt can be used in the compositions of the invention.
  • alkali earth metal salts are calcium salts, as these salts are not only readily available, but are also relatively inexpensive.
  • alkali earth metal salts which can be utilized in the compositions of the invention include calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide and calcium oxide.
  • the composition comprises a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.
  • compositions according to the invention can comprise any suitable ratio of salts, being alkali metal salts or alkali earth metal salts.
  • a composition comprising two salts can comprise an approximately 30:70 molar ratio of the two salts.
  • the composition can comprise an approximately 70:30 molar ratio of the two salts.
  • the molar ratio of the two salts can fall within the ratio range of approximately 30:70 to approximately 70:30.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is a composition comprising approximately equimolar amounts (50:50 molar ratio) of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.
  • Waste streams which can be treated according to methods of the invention can be aqueous or non-aqueous waste streams.
  • Many industrial processes produce aqueous waste streams which contain dissolved ammonia.
  • Compositions of the invention can be applied directly to an aqueous waste stream in a suitable amount to reduce the ammonia content of the waste stream to a suitable level, such that the waste stream can be discharged.
  • the required amount of the composition of the invention required will typically be adjusted to obtain required or desired levels of ammonia in the output.
  • the waste stream can be agitated to assist in the chemical reaction and the release of ammonia gas.
  • the agitation can be achieved by any suitable means known in the art.
  • Such agitation means can include bubbling a gas such as nitrogen or normal air, through the aqueous waste stream.
  • the reaction between the salt mixture and dissolved ammonium ions can take place at ambient temperatures.
  • the temperature of the aqueous waste stream can be varied to assist in the release of ammonia gas.
  • the waste stream prior to addition of a composition of the invention, can be heated to a temperature above ambient temperature to achieve a faster reaction.
  • the waste stream can be heated to a temperature above ambient temperature following addition of a composition of the invention.
  • the waste stream can remain in contact with a composition of the invention for a period of time sufficient to reduce the ammonia content of the waste stream to a suitable level.
  • the period of contact time will be dependent on a number of factors, including the initial amount of ammonia in the waste stream, the amount of the composition added to the waste stream, the temperature of the waste stream and the degree of agitation of the waste stream following application of a composition of the invention.
  • the waste stream remains in contact with a composition of the invention for 1 to 5 days (depending on the temperature, level of agitation and the content of ammonia in the water). To ensure sufficient reduction in the amount of ammonia in the waste stream, it is preferable for the waste stream to remain in contact with a composition of the invention for 3 to 5 days.
  • the treated waste stream can be filtered, prior to discharge, to remove any insoluble materials or precipitate. Alternatively, any insoluble materials or precipitate can be allowed to settle, and the treated waste stream simply decanted.
  • insoluble material will typically depend on the level of contamination of the water; for example, if ions such as Mg 2+ are present, these will be precipitated as carbonates. When no ions other than ammonium are present in the water and a stoichiometric quantity of the preferred salt mixture required to remove ammonium ions is added, no formation of insoluble material is expected.
  • the invention also provides for the treatment of non-aqueous waste streams which contain ammonia.
  • Methods of treating non-aqueous waste streams are similar to those detailed above for the treatment of aqueous waste streams.
  • the application rate of a composition according to the invention can be varied dependent on the amount of ammonia in the waste stream.
  • Other aspects of the method, including duration of application, temperature of the waste stream and level of agitation once a composition of the invention has been added to the waste stream can all be varied to achieve optimum removal of ammonia from the waste stream.
  • compositions of the invention can be used in methods of treating ammonia-contaminated soil. Soil which has been contaminated by ammonia as a result of industrial waste stream run-off, can be particularly difficult to remediate. In such
  • compositions of the present invention are thus particularly well suited to such applications.
  • a composition comprising two or more salts independently selected from alkali metal salts and alkali earth metal salts.
  • the alkali metal salts can all be sodium salts, they can all be potassium salts, or they can all be calcium salts.
  • the composition can comprise a mixture of two or more salts, selected from sodium, potassium and calcium salts.
  • a composition comprising two salts independently selected from alkali metal salts and alkali earth metal salts.
  • the two salts can both be sodium salts, they can both be potassium salts, or they can both be calcium salts.
  • the composition can comprise two different metal salts in any combination.
  • the composition can comprise a sodium salt and a potassium salt.
  • a further composition could comprise a sodium salt and a calcium salt.
  • compositions according to the first or second preferred embodiments can comprise the salts, being alkali metal salts or alkali earth metal salts, in any suitable molar ratio.
  • the molar ratio of the two salts can be within the range of approximately 30:70 to 70:30.
  • a method for treating a waste stream comprising ammonia including the step of contacting said waste stream with a composition comprising two or more salts, independently selected from alkali metal salts and alkali earth metal salts.
  • the method can be adjusted to optimize the release of ammonia gas and thus reduction of ammonia in the waste stream, by varying factors such as the amount of composition added to the waste stream, the temperature of the waste stream, agitation of the waste stream, and the duration of treatment.
  • the invention thus provides relatively inexpensive and non-toxic compositions for the treatment of ammonia-containing waste streams.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une composition comprenant au moins deux sels sélectionnés indépendamment parmi des sels de métaux alcalins et des sels de métaux terreux. L'invention concerne également l'utilisation des compositions de l'invention pour traiter l'eau et les flux de déchets contenant de l'ammoniac.
PCT/AU2012/000927 2011-08-03 2012-08-03 Composition et utilisations de celle-ci Ceased WO2013016776A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2011903104 2011-08-03
AU2011903104A AU2011903104A0 (en) 2011-08-03 Composition And Uses Thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013016776A1 true WO2013016776A1 (fr) 2013-02-07

Family

ID=47628559

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2012/000927 Ceased WO2013016776A1 (fr) 2011-08-03 2012-08-03 Composition et utilisations de celle-ci

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2013016776A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4559076A (en) * 1982-07-09 1985-12-17 Union Oil Company Of California Nitrogen fertilization
US5348689A (en) * 1993-07-13 1994-09-20 Rockwell International Corporation Molten salt destruction of alkali and alkaline earth metals
US20050145563A1 (en) * 2001-12-13 2005-07-07 Boyd Steven H. Process and apparatus for waste water treatment

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4559076A (en) * 1982-07-09 1985-12-17 Union Oil Company Of California Nitrogen fertilization
US5348689A (en) * 1993-07-13 1994-09-20 Rockwell International Corporation Molten salt destruction of alkali and alkaline earth metals
US20050145563A1 (en) * 2001-12-13 2005-07-07 Boyd Steven H. Process and apparatus for waste water treatment

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