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WO2013013700A1 - Molécule fv multivalente de liaison à un antigène - Google Patents

Molécule fv multivalente de liaison à un antigène Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013013700A1
WO2013013700A1 PCT/EP2011/062673 EP2011062673W WO2013013700A1 WO 2013013700 A1 WO2013013700 A1 WO 2013013700A1 EP 2011062673 W EP2011062673 W EP 2011062673W WO 2013013700 A1 WO2013013700 A1 WO 2013013700A1
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Prior art keywords
antigen
domain
binding molecule
polypeptide
binding
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PCT/EP2011/062673
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English (en)
Inventor
Melvyn Little
Fabrice Le Gall
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Affimed Therapeutics Ag
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Priority to RU2013157040A priority Critical patent/RU2613368C2/ru
Priority to AU2011373925A priority patent/AU2011373925B2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2011/062673 priority patent/WO2013013700A1/fr
Priority to CA2842649A priority patent/CA2842649C/fr
Priority to JP2014520541A priority patent/JP5938473B2/ja
Priority to BR112014001573A priority patent/BR112014001573B8/pt
Priority to MX2014000816A priority patent/MX347829B/es
Priority to CN201180072477.5A priority patent/CN103687879B/zh
Publication of WO2013013700A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013013700A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
    • C07K16/2809—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against the T-cell receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/46—Hybrid immunoglobulins
    • C07K16/468—Immunoglobulins having two or more different antigen binding sites, e.g. multifunctional antibodies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
    • C07K2317/24—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin containing regions, domains or residues from different species, e.g. chimeric, humanized or veneered
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
    • C07K2317/31—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency multispecific
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
    • C07K2317/35—Valency
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/60—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/62—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments comprising only variable region components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/60—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments
    • C07K2317/62—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments comprising only variable region components
    • C07K2317/626—Diabody or triabody
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
    • C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide

Definitions

  • the invention relates to new tandem Fv diabodies and uses thereof .
  • tandem diabodies In contrast to bivalent scFv-scFv (scFv) 2 tandems the tandem diabodies are tetravalent, because they have four antigen-binding sites.
  • Polypeptides with the domain order V H A-V L B-V H B-V L A from the N-terminus to the C-terminus of the polypeptides forming the tandem diabodies are described.
  • the orders of variable domains and the linker peptides between them were designed such that each domain associates with a complementary domain in another identical molecule thereby forming the dimerized tetravalent tandem diabodies.
  • the tandem diabodies are devoid of immunoglobulin constant domains . It was reported that the tandem diabodies have advantages such as a high affinity, a higher avidity, lower clearance rates and exhibit a favorable in vitro and in vivo efficiency.
  • tandem diabodies comprising antibody specificities such as, for example, anti-CD16, anti-EpCAM and anti- CD30.
  • antibody specificities such as, for example, anti-CD16, anti-EpCAM and anti- CD30.
  • the order of the four antibody domains along the polypeptide chains of the tandem diabody from the N-terminus to the C-terminus was always V H A-V L B-V H B-V L A, where V H and V L represent the antibody heavy and light chain variable domains of antibodies with specificities for antigens A and B, respectively.
  • Such bispecific tandem diabodies can make a bridge between a tumor cell (e.g. B-CLL cell) and an effector cell of the human immune system (NK cell, T cell, monocyte, macrophage or granulocyte) thus permitting killing of the tumour cell.
  • a tumor cell e.g. B-CLL cell
  • NK cell e.g. T cell
  • monocyte e.g. monocyte
  • macrophage e.g. granulocyte
  • the present invention provides a dimeric antigen- binding molecule comprising a first and a second polypeptide chain, each of the first and the second polypeptide chains comprising (a) a first domain V L A being a light chain variable domain specific for a first antigen A; (b) a second domain V H B being a heavy chain variable domain specific for a second antigen B; (c) a third domain V L B being a light chain variable domain specific for the second antigen B; and (d) a fourth domain V H A being a heavy chain variable domain specific for the first antigen A, wherein said domains are arranged in each of said first and second polypeptide chains in the order V L A-V H B-V L B-V H A from the N-terminus to the C-terminus of said polypeptide chains, and the first domain V L A of the first polypeptide chain is in association with the fourth domain V H A of the second polypeptide chain to form an antigen binding site for the first antigen A; and the second domain V H
  • the antigen-binding molecule as described herein is a homodimer and the first and the second polypeptide chains have the same amino acid sequence. In some embodiments, the first and the second polypeptide chains are non-covalently associated. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding molecule is tetravalent. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding molecule is bispecific. In some embodiments, the domains are human domains or humanized domains. In some embodiments, the antigen-binding molecule comprises at least one further functional unit. In some embodiments, the antigen binding molecule is specific for a B-cell, T-cell, natural killer (NK) cell myeloid cell or phagocytotic cell.
  • NK natural killer
  • the antigen-binding molecule is bispecific, which antigen-binding molecule is further specific for a tumor cell.
  • the first light chain variable domain (V L A) and the first heavy chain variable domain (V H A) are specific for a tumor cell.
  • the antigen-binding molecule is bispecific for albumin and CD3.
  • the present invention provides a polypeptide chain comprising (a) a first domain V L A being a light chain variable domain specific for a first antigen A; (b) a second domain V H B being a heavy chain variable domain specific for a second antigen B; (c) a third domain V L B being a light chain variable domain specific for the second antigen B; and (d) a fourth domain V H A being a heavy chain variable domain specific for the first antigen A; wherein the domains are arranged in the polypeptide chain in the order V L A-V H B-V L B-V H A from the N-terminus to the C-terminus of the polypeptide chains .
  • the first domain V L A and the fourth domain V H A do not associate to form an antigen binding site for the first antigen A and the second domain V H B and the third domain V L B do not associate to form an antigen binding site for the second antigen B.
  • the first domain V L A and the second domain V H B, the second domain V H B and the third domain V L B, and the third domain V L B and the fourth domain V H A are separated by not more than about 12 amino acid residues.
  • the polypeptide chain comprises amino acid residues upstream from the first domain V L A and/or downstream from the fourth domain V H A.
  • the polypeptide chain is linked to a further functional unit.
  • the variable domains are specific for albumin and CD3.
  • the present invention provides a nucleic acid molecule encoding a polypeptide chain as described herein.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antigen-binding molecule, the polypeptide chain or the nucleic acid molecule as disclosed herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the present invention provides a medical use of the antigen-binding molecule as a medicament for the treatment of an autoimmune disease, inflammatory disease, infectious disease, allergy, cancer and/or as an immunosuppressant drug.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the gene organization of a construct encoding an antigen-molecule according to the invention, where V L A represents a light chain variable immunoglobulin domain specific for an antigen A, V H B represents a heavy chain variable immunoglobulin domain specific for an antigen B, V L B represents a light chain variable immunoglobulin domain specific for the antigen B, V H A represents a heavy chain variable immunoglobulin domain specific for the antigen A, LI a peptide linker or a peptide bond connecting V L A and V H B, L2 a peptide linker or a peptide bond connecting V H B and V L B, and L3 a peptide linker or a peptide bond connecting V L B and V H A.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the formation of a dimeric antigen-binding molecule according to the invention from non-functional monomeric polypeptide chains (A) by intra-molecular pairing of variable domains of a first polypeptide chain 1 and a second polypeptide chain 2 with one another (B) to a functional antigen-binding molecule according to the inventions in the format of a tandem diabody, where "1" represents the first polypeptide chain, "2" represents the second polypeptide chain, V L A represents a light chain variable immunoglobulin domain specific for an antigen A, V H B represents a heavy chain variable immunoglobulin domain specific for an antigen B, V L B represents a light chain variable immunoglobulin domain specific for the antigen B, V H A represents a heavy chain variable immunoglobulin domain specific for the antigen A, LI a peptide linker or a peptide bond connecting V L A and V H B, L2 a peptide linker or a peptide bond connecting V H B and V L B
  • Fig. 3 shows a comparison of CD19xCD3 tandem diabodies in a cytotoxicity assay.
  • Option 0 antibody Al with the domain order V H A-V L B- V H B-V L A.
  • Option 2 antibody B with the domain order V L A-V H B-V L B-V H A according to the invention.
  • lxlO 4 calcein-labelled Raj i cells were incubated with 5xl0 5 PBMC in the presence of increasing concentrations of the indicated CD19xCD3 tandem diabodies.
  • PBMC were cultured overnight in the presence of 25 U/mL human IL-2 before they were used as effector cells in the assay.
  • Fig. 4 shows a comparison of CD19xCD3 tandem diabodies in a cytotoxicity assay.
  • Option 0 antibody A2 with the domain order V H A-V L B- V H B-V L A.
  • Option 2 antibody C with the domain order V L A-V H B-V L B-V H A according to the invention.
  • lxlO 4 calcein-labelled Raj i cells were incubated with 5xl0 5 freshly isolated PBMC in the presence of increasing concentrations of the indicated CD19xCD3 tandem diabodies. After 4 h incubation fluorescent calcein in the cell culture medium released from apoptotic target cells was measured at 520 nm and % specific lysis was calculated. EC 50 values were analysed by non-linear regression using GraphPad software. The mean and standard deviations of duplicates were plotted.
  • Fig. 5 shows the TCR modulation by HSAxCD3 TandAb antibodies of Example 2 in the presence or absence of HSA.
  • CD3 + Jurkat cells were cultured for 2 h in the presence of increasing concentrations of the HSAxCD3 TandAb option 0 (V H A-V L B-V H B-V L A; triangle) or option 2 (V L A-V H B- V L B-V H A according to the invention; square) antibodies with (filled symbols) or without (open symbols) the addition of 50 mg/mL HSA.
  • HSAxCD3 TandAb option 0 V H A-V L B-V H B-V L A
  • option 2 V L A-V H B- V L B-V H A according to the invention; square
  • TCR/CD3 complexes were measured by flow cytometry using a PC5-conjugated anti-TCRa/ ⁇ antibody. Mean fluorescence values were used for analysis by non-linear regression (experiment CAB-306) .
  • Fig. 6 shows the vector map with the restriction sites of pCDNA5FRT which encodes antibody B.VH and VL : variable domains of the heavy and the light chains .
  • Fig. 7 shows the vector map with the restrictions sites of pSKK3 which encodes antibody C.
  • VH and VL variable domains of the heavy and light chains .
  • the present invention provides a recombinant di- meric and tetravalent antigen-binding molecule with four immunoglobulin domains (two heavy chain variable domains and two light chain variable domains) linked with one another in a polypeptide chain and arranged in the order V L A-V H B-V L B-V H A from the N-terminus to the C- terminus of the polypeptide chain.
  • an antigen-binding molecule of the present invention triggers an enhanced biological activity, such as, e.g., an enhanced immune response or enhanced immune suppression.
  • a dimeric, bispecific antigen-binding molecule of the tandem diabody format being specific for CD3 and CD19 and having polypeptide chains with the domain order V L A- V H B-V L B-V H A is more than 60 times more active in vitro, i.e. cytotoxic, than a corresponding tandem diabody molecule with the same domains but in the reverse domain order V H A-V L B-V H B-V L A.
  • a dimeric, bispecific antigen-binding molecule of the tandem diabody format being specific for an albumin (HSA) and CD19 and having polypeptide chains with the domain order V L A-V H B-V L B-V H A has a significantly more effective T cell receptor modulation activity in vitro, i.e. is more immunosuppressive, than a corresponding tandem diabody molecule with the same domains but in the reverse domain order V H A-V L B-V H B-V L A.
  • tandem diabodies with the domain order V L A-V H B-V L B-V H A from the N-terminus to the C-terminus of the polypeptide chains have an increased potential for immunotherapy.
  • a further advantage of the enhanced biological activity is that the effective therapeutic dosages for such tandem diabodies may be reduced.
  • side effects caused by the administered antigen binding molecules may also be reduced due to the lower dosages .
  • the new domain order allows a modified crosslinking of the dimeric antigen binding molecule between the antigen A and the antigen B compared with the tandem diabodies of the art and, in certain aspects of the invention, this will enable the molecule to bind to target antigens, e.g., receptors, more efficiently than the dimeric antigen binding molecules of the art.
  • a dimeric, antigen-binding molecule such as a tandem diabody
  • the triggered "biological activity” depends on the specificities of the antigen- binding molecule and may encompass cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, cytokine release or immune suppression, for example antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) , antibody dependent cell mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) and/or complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) .
  • ADCC antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity
  • ADCP antibody dependent cell mediated phagocytosis
  • CDC complement dependent cytotoxicity
  • the present invention provides a dimeric antigen-binding molecule comprising a first and a second polypeptide chain, wherein each of the first and the second polypeptide chains comprises a first domain V L A being a light chain variable domain specific for a first antigen A, a second domain V H B being a heavy chain variable domain specific for a second antigen B, a third domain V L B being a light chain variable domain specific for the second antigen B, a fourth domain V H A being a heavy chain variable domain specific for the first antigen A, and said domains are arranged in each of said first and second polypeptide chains in the order V L A-V H B-V L B-V H A from the N-terminus to the C-terminus of said polypeptide chains .
  • the first, second, third and fourth variable domains are arranged in an orientation preventing intramolecular pairing within the same polypeptide chain and the first polypeptide chain is associated, i.e. dimerized, with the second polypeptide chain such that the first domain V L A of the first polypeptide chain is in association with the fourth domain V H A of the second polypeptide chain to form an antigen binding site for the first antigen A, the second domain V H B of the first polypeptide chain is in association with the third domain V L B of the second polypeptide chain to form an antigen binding site for the second antigen B, the third domain V L B of the first polypeptide chain is in association with the second domain V H B of the second polypeptide chain to form an antigen binding site for the second antigen B and the fourth domain V H A of the first polypeptide chain is in association with the first domain V L A of the second polypeptide chain to form an antigen binding site for the first antigen A.
  • antigen-binding molecule refers to an immunoglobulin derivative with multivalent antigen-binding properties, preferably having at least four antigen-binding sites. Each antigen-binding site is formed by a heavy chain variable domain V H and a light chain variable domain V L of the same antigen, i.e. epitope, specificity.
  • the antigen-binding molecule according to the invention is devoid of immunoglobulin constant domains or fragments of immunoglobulin constant domains, but in certain cases described below a constant domain or parts thereof may be linked to the antigen-binding molecule.
  • the antigen-binding molecule is "dimeric" which term refers to a complex of two polypeptide monomers. These two polypeptide monomers are the first and the second polypeptide chains .
  • the antigen-binding molecule is a "homodimer” which term means that the antigen-binding molecule is composed of identical polypeptide monomers.
  • the first and the second polypeptide chain may have the same amino acid sequence, i.e. the first and the second polypeptide chains are identical and, thus, are encoded and expressed by the same single polynucleotide.
  • bispecific diabodies which are heterodimers that are encoded by two distinct polynucleotides .
  • each of the first and the second polypeptide chains contain four variable domains, four binding sites are formed and the antigen-binding molecule is tetravalent.
  • Such tetrava- lent homodimeric antigen-binding molecules have received some recognition in the art as tandem diabodies.
  • the first and the second polypeptide chain are non-covalently associated with each other, in particular with the proviso that there is no covalent bound between the first and second polypeptide chain.
  • the two polypeptide chains may be additionally stabilized by at least one covalent linkage, e.g. by a disulfide bridge between cysteine residues of different polypeptide chains .
  • polypeptide chain refers to a polymer of amino acid residues linked by amide bonds.
  • the first and the second polypeptide chains are, preferably, single chain fusion proteins which are not branched.
  • the four domains are arranged such that the second domain V H B is C-terminal from the first domain V L A, the third domain V L B is C-terminal from the second domain V H B and the fourth domain V H A is C-terminal from the third domain V L B.
  • the first and the second polypeptide chains may have contiguous amino acid residues in addition N-terminal to the first domain V L A and/or C-terminal to the fourth domain V H A.
  • the polypeptide chain may contain a Tag sequence, preferably at the C- terminus which might be useful for the purification of the polypeptide.
  • a Tag sequence is a His-Tag, e.g. a His-Tag consisting of six His-residues .
  • the first, second, third and fourth domains are covalently connected such that the domains of the same polypeptide chain do not associate, i.e. pair, with each other.
  • the domains may be linked such that the first domain V L A is linked with the second domain V H B by a first linker L I , the second domain V H B is linked with the third domain V L B by a second linker L2 and the third domain V L B is linked with the fourth domain V H A by a third linker L3, wherein the first linker LI and the third linker L3 are distal to the central linker L2 on each of the first and second polypeptide chains .
  • Linker L I , linker L2 and linker L3 can be each a peptide linker comprising at least one amino acid residue or a peptide bound without any intervening amino acid residue between the two adjacent domains.
  • the length of each of the linkers L I , L2 and L3 is such that the domains of the first polypeptide chain can asso- ciate with the domains of the second polypeptide chain to form the di- meric antigen-binding molecule.
  • the length of the linkers influences the flexibility of the antigen-binding molecule.
  • the desired flexibility of the antigen-binding molecule depends on the target antigen density and the acessibility of the target antigen, i.e. epitopes. Longer linkers provide more flexible antigen-binding molecules with more agile antigen-binding sites.
  • linker length is described, for example, in Todorovska et al., 2001 Journal of Immunological Methods 248:47-66; Perisic et al., 1994 Structure 2:1217-1226; Le Gall et al . , 2004, Protein Engineering 17:357-366 and WO 94/13804.
  • the linkers LI, L2 and/or L3 are "short", i.e. consist of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or about 12 amino acid residues. Such short linkers favor the correct di- merization of the first with the second polypeptide chain by binding and forming antigen-binding sites between light chain variable domains and heavy chain variable domains of different polypeptide chains .
  • the central linker L2 should be short such that it prevents formation of a single chain Fv (scFv) antigen-binding unit within the same polypeptide chain by the two adjacent domains V H B and V L B.
  • the central linker L2 influences the flexibility of the polypeptide chain.
  • the polypeptide chain can fold head-to-tail and form a single-chain antigen-binding molecule known in the art as a single chain diabody. If the central linker L2 is short and rigid the polypeptide chain cannot fold head-to-tail and dimerizes with another polypeptide chain.
  • the number of amino acid residues of a linker for preventing a head-to-tail folding also depends on the kind of variable domains combined in the polypeptide. In general, shortening the linker to about 12 or less amino acid residues generally prevents adjacent domains of the same polypeptide chain from interacting with each other.
  • the central linker L2 and the distal linkers LI and L3 should preferably consist of about 12 or less amino acid residues to prevent pairing of adjacent domains of the same polypeptide chain.
  • the linkers LI, L2 and/or L3 consist of about 3 to about 10 contiguous amino acid residues.
  • the linkers may consist of different numbers of amino acid residues, but it is preferred that the distal linkers LI and L3 have the same number of amino acid residues or do not differ in length by more than one or two amino acid residues.
  • at least one of the linkers LI, L2 and/or L3 consists of nine amino acid residues.
  • all three linkers LI, L2 and L3 consist of nine amino acid residues.
  • at least one of the linkers LI, L2 and/or L3 consists of less than between 10 to 3 amino acid residues.
  • the central linker L2 may have about 12 or less amino acid residues to prevent a head-to-tail folding of the polypeptide chain and at least one of the distal linkers LI and/or L3 may have more than about 12 amino acid residues to provide extra flexibility.
  • two polypeptide chains having a central linker L2 with more than 12 amino acid residues correctly dimerize with one another to a tetravalent, dimeric antigen-binding molecule (see for example Le Gall et al., 2004, Protein Engineering 17:357- 366) .
  • the dimeric antigen-binding molecule may be stabilized additionally by at least one covalent bond between such two polypeptide chains .
  • linkers in some embodiments, peptides are selected that do not interfere with the dime- rization of the first and second polypeptide chains.
  • linkers comprising glycine and serine residues generally provide flexibility and protease resistance.
  • the amino acid sequence of the linkers can be optimized, for example, by phage-display methods to improve the antigen binding and production yield of the molecules.
  • the linker may comprise the amino acid sequence GGSGGSGGS .
  • the first domain V L A, the second domain V H B, the third domain V L B and the fourth domain V H A are light chain and heavy chain variable domains of an immunoglobulin.
  • the variable domains comprise the hyperva- riable loops or complementary binding regions (CDRs) containing the residues in contact with the antigen and the segments which contribute to the correct folding and display of the CDRs . It is preferred that each of the heavy chain and light chain variable domains comprises the respective three CDRs.
  • the domains may be derived from any immunoglobulin class, e.g., IgA, IgD, IgE and IgM or a subclass thereof.
  • the immunoglobulin may be of animal, in particular mammal, origin.
  • Each domain may be a complete immunoglobulin heavy or light chain variable domain, a mutant, fragment or derivative of a naturally occurring variable domain, or a synthetic, e.g. recombinant domain which is genetically engineered.
  • a derivative is a variable domain which differs by the deletion, substitution, addition or insertion of at least one amino acid from the amino acid sequence of a naturally occurring variable domain.
  • Synthetic, e.g. recombinant domains can be obtained, for example, by well known reproducible methods from hybridoma-derived antibodies or phage-display immunoglobulin libraries . For example phage display methods can be used to obtain variable domains of human anti- bodies to an antigen by screening libraries from human immunoglobulin sequences.
  • the affinity of initially selected antibodies can be further increased by affinity maturation, for example chain shuffling or random mutagenesis.
  • affinity maturation for example chain shuffling or random mutagenesis.
  • a person of ordinary skill in the art is familiar with methods for obtaining domains from natural or recombinant antibodies (for laboratory manuals see, for example, Antibody engineering: methods and protocols / edited by Benny K.C. Lo; Benny K.C. II Series: Methods in molecular biology (Totowa, N.J.)).
  • any antibody known in the art can be used as a source for the variable domains of the invention.
  • At least one, preferably all, of the first domain V L A, the second domain V H B, the third domain V L B and the fourth domain V H A are fully human, humanized or chimeric domains .
  • a humanized variable domain comprises a framework region substantially having the amino acid sequence of a human immunoglobulin and a CDR of a non-human immunoglobulin.
  • Humanized antibodies can be produced by well-established methods such as, for example CDR-grafting (see, for example, Antibody engineering: methods and protocols / edited by Benny K.C. Lo; Benny K.C. II Series: Methods in molecular biology (Totowa, N.J.)).
  • a skilled person is readily able to make a humanized or fully human version of antigen-binding molecules and variable domains from non-human, e.g. murine, sources with the standard molecular biological techniques known in the art for reducing the immunogenicity and improving the efficiency of the antigen-binding molecule in a human immune system.
  • all domains e.g. V L A, V H B, V L B and V H A
  • the dimeric antigen-binding molecule according to the invention is humanized or fully human.
  • variable domains are human or humanized but not the peptides linking the variable domains.
  • the first domain V L A, the second domain V H B, the third domain V L B and the fourth domain V H A are specific for the same antigen such that antigen-binding sites formed by the domains bind either to the same epitope or to different epitopes on the same antigen.
  • the expressions "antigen A” and "antigen B” refer to the same antigen.
  • Such antigen-binding molecules are monospecific.
  • first domain V L A, the second domain V H B, the third domain V L B and the fourth domain V H A are specific for different antigens such that V L A and V H A form an antigen-binding site for an antigen A of a first specificity and V H B and V L B form an antigen- binding site for an antigen B of a second specificity.
  • the different antigens may be associated with different kind of cells or represent different antigens of the same kind of cell.
  • Such antigen-binding molecules according to the invention are bispecific.
  • At least one antigen-binding site may be specific for a bacterial substance, viral protein, autoimmune marker or an antigen present on a particular cell such as a cell surface protein of a B-cell, T-cell, natural killer (NK) cell, myeloid cell, phagocytic cell, tumor cell.
  • a particular cell such as a cell surface protein of a B-cell, T-cell, natural killer (NK) cell, myeloid cell, phagocytic cell, tumor cell.
  • the dimeric antigen-binding molecule is bispecific comprising a first specificity for an effector cell and a second specificity for a target cell different from the effector cell.
  • Such antigen-binding molecules are able to cross-link two cells and can be used to direct effector cells to a specific target.
  • the dimeric antigen-binding molecule may be bispecific for a target cell and a molecule selected from the group consisting of a drug, toxin, radionucleotide , enzyme, albumin and lipoprotein, naturally occurring ligands such as cytokines or che- mokines . If the target molecule is albumin, the albumin or serum albumin may be selected from the group of origins consisting of human, bovine, rabbit, canine and mouse.
  • Effective cells typically refer to cells of the immune system which can stimulate or trigger cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, cytokine release.
  • effector cells are, for example but not limited to, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, erythrocytes and antigen- presenting cells .
  • Suitable specificities for effector cells include but are not limited to CD2 , CD3, CD5, CD28 and other components of the T-cell receptor (TCR) for T cells; CD16, CD38, CD44, CD56, CD69, CD335 (NKp46), CD336 (NKp44), CD337 (NKp30), NKp80, NKG2C and NKG2D for NK cells; CD18, CD64 and CD89 for granulocytes; CD18, CD64, CD89 and mannose receptor for monocytes and macrophages; CD64 and mannose receptor for dendritic cells; CD35 for erythrocytes.
  • those specificities, i.e. cell surface molecules, of effector cells are suitable for mediating cell killing upon binding of a bispecific antibody to such cell surface molecule and, thereby, inducing cytolysis or apoptosis.
  • Target cells typically refers to the sites to which the effector cells should be directed to induce or trigger the respective biological, e.g. immune, response.
  • target cells may be tumor cells or infectious agents such as viral or bacterial pathogens, for example dengue virus, herpes simplex, influenza virus, HIV or cells carrying autoimmune targets such as IL-2, an autoimmune marker or an autoimmune antigen.
  • the dimeric antigen- binding molecule is bispecific for a tumor cell and an effector cell, in particular a T cell or a NK cell.
  • Suitable specificities for tumor cells may be tumor antigens and cell surface antigens on the respective tumor cell, for example specific tumor markers.
  • tumor antigen as used herein comprises tumor associated antigen (TAA) and tumor specific antigen (TSA) .
  • TAA tumor associated antigen
  • TSA tumor specific antigen
  • a TAA refers to a protein which is present on tumor cells, and on normal cells during fetal life (once-fetal antigens), and after birth in selected organs, but at much lower concentration than on tumor cells .
  • a TAA may also be present in the stroma in the vicinity of the tumor cell but expressed at lower amounts in the stroma elsewhere in the body.
  • TSA tumor specific antigen
  • TSA refers to a protein expressed by tumor cells.
  • cell surface antigen refers to any antigen or fragment thereof capable of being recognized by an antibody on the surface of a cell.
  • tumor cells examples include but are not limited to CD19, CD20, CD30, the laminin receptor precursor protein, EGFR1, EGFR2, EGFR3, Ep-CAM, PLAP, Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen, MUC-1 (mucin), IGFR, CD5 , IL4-R alpha, IL13-R, FceRI and IgE as described in the art.
  • the specificity for an effector cell may be CD3 or CD16 and the specificity for a tumor cell may be selected from CD19, CD20, CD30, the laminin receptor precursor, Ep-CAM, EGFR1, EGFR2, EGFR3, PLAP, Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen, MUC-1 (mucin), IGFR, CD5, IL4-R alpha, IL13-R, FceRI and IgE.
  • Particular examples of such antigen binding molecules are bispecific for CD3 and CD19 or CD16 and CD30.
  • the first domain V L A and the fourth domain V H A have the specificity for a tumor cell and the other two domains, namely the second domain V H B and the third domain V L B, have the specificity for an effector cell, in particular T cell or NK cell.
  • the first domain V L A and the fourth domain V H A have the specificity for a tumor cell and the other two domains, namely the second domain V H B and the third domain V L B, have the specificity for CD3 or CD16.
  • the first domain V L A and the fourth domain V H A have a specificity for CD19, CD20, the laminin receptor precursor, Ep-CAM, EGFR1, EGFR2, EGFR3, PLAP, Thomsen- Friedenreich (TF) antigen, MUC-1 (mucin), IGFR, CD5 , IL4-R alpha, IL13-R, FceRI and the other two domains, namely the second domain V H B and the third domain V L B, have a specificity for CD3.
  • TF Thomsen- Friedenreich
  • the first domain V L A and the fourth domain V H A have the specificity for an effector cell, in particular T cell or NK cell, and the other two domains, namely the second domain V H B and the third domain V L B, have the specificity for a tumor cell.
  • the first domain V L A and the fourth domain V H A have the specificity for a CD3 or CD16 and the other two domains, namely the second domain V H B and the third domain V L B, have the specificity for a tumor cell.
  • the first domain V L A and the fourth domain V H A have the specificity for a CD3 and the other two domains, namely the second domain V H B and the third domain V L B, have the specificity for a tumor cell selected from the group consisting of CD19, CD20, CD30, the laminin receptor precursor, Ep-CAM, EGFR1, EGFR2, EGFR3, PLAP, Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen, MUC-1 (mucin), IGFR, CD5 , IL4-R alpha, IL13-R, FceRI and IgE.
  • TF Thomsen-Friedenreich
  • CD3 antigen is associated with the T-cell receptor complex on T- cells .
  • specificity for an effector cell is CD3
  • the binding of the dimeric antigen-binding molecule according to the invention to CD3 can trigger the cytotoxic activity of T-cells on target cells. Namely, by bispecific binding of the dimeric antigen binding molecule to CD3 and to a target cell, e.g. tumor cell, cell lysis of the target cell may be induced.
  • Dimeric antigen-binding molecules with a specificity towards CD3 and their production are known in the art (and described for example in Kipriyanov et al . , 1999, Journal of Molecular Biology 293:41-56, Le Gall et al . , 2004, Protein Engineering, Design & Selection, 17/4:357-366).
  • Monospecific anti-CD3 antigen binding molecules are known for their immunosuppressive properties by binding to and modulating the T cell receptor (e.g. as described in WO2004/024771 ) .
  • the antigen-binding molecule according to the present invention is bispecific for CD3 and albumin for use as a immunosuppressive agent, e.g. in transplantation.
  • the CD16 (FcylllA) antigen is a receptor expressed on the surface of NK cells.
  • NK cells possess an inherent cytoloytic activity and by bispecific binding of the dimeric antigen-binding molecule according to the invention to CD16 the cytotoxic activity of NK cell towards the target cell can be triggered.
  • An example of a bispecific antigen- binding molecule having specificity towards CD16 is described, for example, in Arndt et al., 1999, Blood, 94:2562-2568.
  • at least one of the heavy chain or light chain variable domains are from an anti-CD16 antibody described in WO 2006/125668, in particular of antibodies which recognizes the CD16A isoform, but not the CD16B isoform.
  • Dimeric antigen-binding molecules according to the invention wherein the tumor specificity is towards CD19 antigen may be used for immunotherapy of B-cell malignancies, because the CD19 antigen is expressed on virtually all B-lineage malignancies from lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to non-Hodgkin ' s lymphoma (NHL).
  • ALL lymphoblastic leukemia
  • NHL non-Hodgkin ' s lymphoma
  • dimeric antigen-binding molecules having specificity towards CD19 or CD20 can be used.
  • Dimeric antigen- binding molecules having specificity towards CD19 and their production are known in the art (and described, for example, in Cochlovius et al., 2000, Cancer Research 60:4336-4341) .
  • Dimeric antigen-binding molecules according to the invention wherein the tumor specificity is towards the laminin receptor or the laminin receptor precursor may be used, for example but not limited, for the treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocyte leukemia (B-CLL) , non- Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, lung cancer, colon carcinoma, mammary carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, prostate cancer, in particular in the condition of metastasizing cancer or minimal residual cancer.
  • B-CLL B-cell chronic lymphocyte leukemia
  • Antigen-binding molecules having specificity towards the laminin receptor precursor are described, for example, in Zuber et al . , 2008, J. Mol. Biol., 378:530-539.
  • Dimeric antigen-binding molecules according to the invention wherein the tumor specificity is towards EGFR1 may be of particular use in the treatment of cancers wherein EGFR1 expression is up- regulated or altered, for example in cancers of the breast, bladder, head and neck, prostate, kidney, non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer and glioma.
  • Dimeric antigen-binding molecules according to the invention wherein the tumor specificity is towards TF-antigen may be particularly useful in treating breast or colon cancer and/or liver metastases.
  • Dimeric antigen-binding molecules wherein the tumor specificity is towards CD30 may be particularly useful in treating Hodgkin's disease.
  • Antigen-binding molecules having the specificity towards CD30 are described, for example, in Arndt et al . , 1999, Blood, 94:2562- 2568.
  • Dimeric antigen-binding molecules wherein the tumor specificity is towards the alpha chain of the IL4 receptor (IL4R alpha) may be particularly useful in treating solid tumors, in particular carcinomas of the breast, ovaries, renal system, head and neck, malignant melanoma and AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
  • Dimeric antigen-binding molecules wherein at least one additional specificity is towards EGFR3/HER3 and/or EGFR2/neu may be particularly useful in treating breast cancer.
  • Dimeric antigen-binding molecules wherein the tumor specificity is towards IGFR may be particularly useful in treating prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer or breast cancer.
  • Dimeric antigen-binding molecules wherein the tumor specificity is towards CD5 may be particularly useful in treating chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
  • Dimeric antigen-binding molecules wherein the tumor specificity is towards MUC-I may be particularly useful in the treatment of gastric cancer and ovarian cancer.
  • Dimeric antigen-binding molecules wherein the tumor specificity is towards EpCAM may be particularly useful in the treatment of carcinomas of the colon, kidney, and breast.
  • Dimeric antigen-binding molecules wherein the tumor specificity is towards PLAP may be of particular use in the treatment of ovarian or testicular cancer.
  • Dimeric antigen-binding molecules wherein the tumor specificity is towards OFA-iLR may be particularly useful in the treatment of metastatic tumors .
  • the antigen binding molecule as described herein is dimeric and bispecific for CD3 and CD19 or the antigen-binding molecule is dimeric and bispecific for CD16 and CD19.
  • the first domain V L A and the fourth domain V H A are specific for CD3 and CD16, respectively, while the second domain V H B and the third domain V L B are specific for CD19.
  • the first and second polypeptide chains each have the domain order V L CD3 -V H CD19 -V L CD19 -V H CD3 or v L CD16 -V H CD19 -V L CD19 -V H CD16 from the N- terminus to the C-terminus of the polypeptide chains.
  • first, second, third and fourth domains are humanized or fully human.
  • first and second polypeptide chain as defined above is humanized or fully human.
  • dimeric antigen binding molecule may be bispecific, for example, to EpCAM and CD3; albumin, such as, e.g., HSA and CD3; or EGFR and CD3.
  • the antigen binding molecule as described herein is specific for albumin, for example human serum albumin (HSA) , and another antigen different from albumin.
  • HSA human serum albumin
  • Such antigen-binding molecule binds to serum albumin, thereby increasing the serum-half life in serum and in vivo.
  • the polypeptide of such antigen-binding molecules comprise a light chain variable domain and a heavy chain variable domain of a therapeutic or diagnostic antibody and a light chain variable domain and a heavy chain variable domain specific for albumin.
  • Known and/or commercially available therapeutic, diagnostic or anti-albumin antibodies can be used as sources for the light chain variable domains and heavy chain variable domains.
  • albumin e.g., HSA
  • antigen-binding molecules the domains of the polypeptide chain are arranged in the order V L A-V H B-V L B- V H A, wherein antigen A or antigen B is albumin.
  • albumin is antigen A.
  • other antigen is CD3.
  • antigen A is human serum albumin (HSA) and the polypeptide of a HSAxCD3 antigen-binding molecule has the domain order V L HSA -V H CD3 -V L CD3 -V H HSA as shown in Example 2.
  • variable domains of anti-HSA and anti-CD3 antibodies or antibody fragments may be generated and inserted in the respective order, for example, analogous as described for CD3xCD19 in Example 1 into the expression plasmid shown in Fig. 7 by replacing the anti-CD3 and anti-CD19 domains shown or any other suitable expression plasmid or expression construct .
  • a further aspect of the invention provides a dimeric antigen- binding molecule according to any one of the embodiments described above which is linked with a further functional unit, e.g. a functional domain or agent, which independently mediates a biological function, in particular a biochemical event.
  • the further functional unit may be complexed with or covalently bound to at least one of the two individual polypeptide chains of the dimeric antigen-binding molecule.
  • the further functional unit may be covalently bound to only one of the individual polypeptide chains and in another aspect the further functional unit may be covalently bound to both polypeptide chains of the dimeric antigen-binding molecule thereby linking the two polypeptide chains.
  • each of the two polypeptide chains is covalently bound individually to a further functional unit.
  • the further functional unit may be fused to at least one of the two polypeptide chains by a peptide bond or a peptide linker.
  • the further functional unit may be linked by a chemical conjugation such as a disulfide bridge, e.g. between a cysteine residue of at least one polypeptide chain and a cysteine residue of the further functional unit, ester linkage or by chemical crosslinking .
  • the further functional unit may be linked to the antigen binding molecule by a cleavable linker such as, for example, a disulfide bound .
  • the further functional unit may be linked to the N-terminus or C- terminus of the first and/or second polypeptide chains. If one further functional unit is linked to both, the first and second, polypeptide chains, the further functional unit may be linked N-terminal to one polypeptide chain and C-terminal to the other polypeptide chain. Homobifunctional and heterobifunctional reagents for chemical crosslinking of a polypeptide chain with a further functional unit such as a further polypeptide or an agent are well known in the art.
  • Examples include but are not limited to 5 , 5 ' -dithiobis ( 2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) , o-phenylenedimaleimide (o-PDM) , succinimidyl 3- (2- pyridyldithio ) propionate (SPDP) , N-succinimidyl S-acetylthio acetate (SATA) , succinimidyl 4- (N-maleimidomethyl ) cyclohexane-l-carboxylate (SMCC) or 4- ( -N-maleimidophenyl ) butyric acid hydrazide (MPBH) .
  • DTNB 2-nitrobenzoic acid
  • o-PDM o-phenylenedimaleimide
  • SPDP succinimidyl 3- (2- pyridyldithio ) propionate
  • SATA N-succinimidyl S-acetylthio acetate
  • the further functional unit may be at least one further variable immunoglobulin domain.
  • the further variable immunoglobulin domain may be specific for the first antigen A or the second antigen B for which the binding sites of the dimeric antigen-binding molecule are specific or, alternatively, specific for a third antigen C which is different from antigen A and antigen B.
  • a further light chain variable domain V L and a further heavy chain variable V H may be fused to each of the two polypeptide chains such that one further domain, in particular V H, is fused to the N-terminus and the other further domain, in particular V L, is fused to the C-terminus resulting in a polypeptide having six variable domains which will associate with another identical polypeptide to a dimeric antigen- binding molecule having six antigen-binding sites .
  • one further variable immunoglobulin domain may be fused to one of the polypeptide chains of the antigen-binding molecule which then non- covalently associates with a complementary variable immunoglobulin domain with the same specificity of a further third polypeptide thereby forming a further antigen-binding site between the dimeric antigen- binding molecule and the further third polypeptide.
  • a further antigen-binding unit including a scFv or a diabody may be linked as a further functional unit to the dimeric antigen-binding molecule .
  • the further functional unit may be at least one further dimeric antigen-binding molecule as described herein. Accordingly, two or more dimeric antigen-binding molecules according to the invention may be linked with one another to increase the valency and avidity of the antigen binding molecules.
  • the further functional unit may be an effector domain including Fc domain, CH2 domain, CH3 domain, hinge domain or a fragment thereof.
  • Such a unit may confer effector properties on the antigen-binding molecule in the case of binding to Fc receptors .
  • Such functional units may further be used to increase the serum-half life of the antigen-binding molecule.
  • the further functional unit may be an enzyme.
  • an antigen-binding molecule may be used in antibody-dependent enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT).
  • ADPT antibody-dependent enzyme prodrug therapy
  • the antigen-binding molecule directs the enzyme to the tissue of interest and when the antigen-binding molecule binds to the tissue, the prodrug is activated at that site.
  • bispecific antigen-molecules for targeting enzymes for cancer therapeutics is known in the art, for example, but not limited to bispecific antigen-molecules having specificities for CD30 and alkaline phosphatase which catalyze the conversion of mitomycin phosphate to mitomycin alcohol, or specifities for placental alkaline phosphatase and ⁇ -lactamase which activate cepha- losporin-based anti-cancer prodrugs.
  • Suitable are also bispecific antigen-binding molecules having specificity for fibrin and tissue plasminogen activator for fibrinolysis and the use of enzyme conjugated antigen-binding molecules in enzyme-based immunoassays .
  • the functional unit may be a drug, toxin, radioisotope, lymphokine, chemokine or labeling molecule.
  • an antigen- binding molecule delivers the functional unit to the desired site of action.
  • a chemotherapeutic drug linked to an antigen- binding molecule being specific for a tumor antigen can be delivered to a tumor cell and toxins may be delivered to pathogens or tumor cells .
  • An antigen-binding molecule linked with a toxin may be used to target NK cells or macrophages and are preferably specific for CD16.
  • a toxin examples include but not limited to ribosyl transferase, serine protease, guanyl cyclase activator, calmodulin dependent adenyl cyclase, ribunuclease, DNA alkylating agent or mitosis inhibitor, e.g. doxorubicin.
  • the labeling molecule may be, for example, a fluorescent, luminescent or radiolabel molecule, a metal chelate or an enzyme (e.g.
  • the dimeric antigen-binding molecule can also be immobilized on an insoluble carrier, e.g. glass, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, dextran, nylon, natural and modified celluloses, poly- acrylamides, agarose and magnetic beads.
  • an insoluble carrier e.g. glass, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, dextran, nylon, natural and modified celluloses, poly- acrylamides, agarose and magnetic beads.
  • the antigen-binding molecule may be fused to albumin or pegylated, sialylated or glyco- sylated (see, for example, Stork et al., 2008, J. Biol. Chem. , 283:7804-7812) .
  • the antigen-binding molecule itself may be specific for albumin and another antigen as described here previously.
  • the dimeric antigen-binding molecule may be produced by expressing polynucleotides encoding the individual polypeptide chains which associate with each other to form the dimeric antigen-binding molecule. Therefore, a further embodiment of the invention are polynucleotides, e.g. DNA or RNA, encoding the polypeptide chains of the dimeric antigen-binding molecule as described herein above.
  • the polynucleotides may be constructed by methods known to the skilled person, e.g. by combining the genes encoding the first domain V L A, the second domain V H B, the third domain V L B and the fourth domain V H A either separated by peptide linkers or directly linked by a peptide bound, into a single genetic construct operably linked to a suitable promoter, and optionally a suitable transcription terminator, and expressing it in bacteria or other appropriate expression system.
  • a suitable promoter operably linked to a suitable promoter, and optionally a suitable transcription terminator, and expressing it in bacteria or other appropriate expression system.
  • any number of suitable transcription and translation elements including constitutive and inducible promoters, may be used.
  • the promoter is selected such that it drives the expression of the polynucleotide in the respective host cell.
  • the polynucleotides may be codon optimized with the codon bias being altered to suit the particular expression in the chosen host.
  • the polynucleotide may be inserted into vectors, preferably expression vectors, which represent a further embodiment of the invention.
  • vectors preferably expression vectors
  • These recombinant vectors can be constructed according to methods well known to the person skilled in the art; see, e.g., Sambrook, Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1989) N.Y.
  • a variety of expression vector/host systems may be utilized to contain and express the polynucleotides encoding the polypeptide chains of the present invention. These include, but are not limited to, microorganisms such as bacteria transformed with recombinant bacteriophage, plasmid, or cosmid DNA expression vectors, yeast transformed with yeast expression vectors; insect cell systems infected with virus expression vectors (e.g., baculovirus ) ; plant cell systems transformed with virus expression vectors (e.g., cauliflower mosaic virus, CaMV; tobacco mosaic virus, TMV) or with bacterial expression vectors (e.g., Ti or pBR322 plasmids); or animal cell systems, for which, e.g., viral-based expression systems may be utilised.
  • microorganisms such as bacteria transformed with recombinant bacteriophage, plasmid, or cosmid DNA expression vectors, yeast transformed with yeast expression vectors; insect cell systems infected with virus expression vectors (e.g
  • a particular preferred expression vector for expression in E. coli is pSKK (LeGall et al., J Immunol Methods. (2004) 285 ( 1 ) : 111-27 ) or pcDNA5 (Invitrogen) for the expression in mammal cells.
  • the dimeric antigen-binding molecule as described herein may be produced by introducing a polynucleotide or vector encoding the polypeptide chain as described above into a host cell and culturing said host cell under conditions whereby the polypeptide chain is expressed.
  • the dimeric antigen-binding molecule obtained from the expressed polypeptide chains may be isolated and, optionally, further purified. Conditions for the growth and maintenance of host cells, the expression, isolation and purification of dimeric antigen-binding molecules according to the invention from these host cells are fully described in the art.
  • compositions comprising a dimeric antigen-binding molecule or a polynucleotide as described herein above and at least one further component are provided.
  • the composition containing the dimeric antigen-binding molecule or the polynucleic acid molecule encoding the polypeptide chains forming the antigen-binding molecule is preferably combined with a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is meant to encompass any carrier, which does not interfere with the effectiveness of the biological activity of the ingredients and that is not toxic to the patient to whom it is administered.
  • Suitable pharmaceutical carriers include phosphate buffered saline solutions, water, emulsions, such as oil/water emulsions, various types of wetting agents, sterile solutions etc.
  • Such carriers can be formulated by conventional methods and can be administered to the subject at a suitable dose.
  • the compositions are sterile.
  • These compositions may also contain adjuvants such as preservative, emulsifying agents and dispersing agents. Prevention of the action of microorganisms may be ensured by the inclusion of various antibacterial and antifungal agents.
  • Administration of the suitable compositions may be effected by different ways, e.g. by intravenous, intraperetoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, topical or intradermal administration.
  • the route of administration depends on the kind of therapy and the kind of compound contained in the pharmaceutical composition.
  • the dosage regimen will be determined by the attending physician and other clinical factors.
  • dosages for any one patient depends on many factors, including the patient's size, body surface area, age, sex, the particular compound to be administered, time and route of administration, the kind of therapy, general health and other drugs being administered concurrently.
  • the invention further provides a medical use or a method wherein the dimeric antigen-binding molecule as described herein above is administered in an effective dose to a subject, e.g., patient, for immunosuppressive treatment, e.g. in transplantation, the treatment of autoimmune disease, inflammatory disease, infectious disease, allergy or cancer (e.g.
  • non-Hodgkin ' s lymphoma chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  • Hodgkin's lymphoma solid tumors e.g. those occurring in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, cancer of the kidney, or cancer of the bile duct; minimal residual disease; metastatic tumors e.g. those metastasizing in the lungs, bones, liver or brain) .
  • the antigen- binding molecule can be used in prophylactic or therapeutic settings, alone or in combination with current therapies.
  • the cancers that can be treated using the antigen-binding molecule of the present invention include but are not limited to primary and metastatic adrenal cortical cancer, anal cancer, aplastic anemia, bile duct cancer, bladder cancer, bone cancer, bone metastasis, CNS tumors, peripheral CNS cancer, breast cancer, Castleman' s Disease, cervical cancer, childhood Non-Hodgkin' s lymphoma, colon and rectum cancer, endometrial cancer, esophagus cancer, Ewing' s family of tumors
  • Ewing' s sarcoma eye cancer, gallbladder cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, gestational trophoblastic disease, hairy cell leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, Kaposi' s sarcoma, kidney cancer, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, children' s leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lung carcinoid tumors, Non-Hodgkin' s lymphoma, male breast cancer, malignant mesothelioma, multiple myeloma, myelo- dysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, nasal cavity and paranasal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, neuroblastoma, oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer, osteosarcoma, ovarian
  • an “effective dose” refers to amounts of the active ingredient that are sufficient to affect the course and the severity of the disease, leading to the reduction or remission of such pathology.
  • An “effective dose” useful for treating and/or preventing these diseases or disorders may be determined using methods known to a skilled person (see for example, Fingl et al . , The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Goddman and Gilman, eds . Macmillan Publishing Co., New York, pp. 1-46
  • the dimeric antigen-binding molecule as described herein above is used in the manufacture of a immunosuppressive medicament or medicament for the treatment of autoimmune disease, inflammatory disease, infectious disease, allergy or cancer (e.g. non-Hodgkin ' s lymphoma; chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; Hodgkin's lymphoma; solid tumours e.g. those occurring in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, cancer of the kidney, or cancer of the bile duct; minimal residual disease; metastatic tumours e.g. those metastasizing the lungs, bones, liver or brain) .
  • autoimmune disease e.g. non-Hodgkin ' s lymphoma; chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; Hodgkin's lymphoma; solid tumours e.g. those occurring in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, cancer of the kidney, or cancer of the bile duct; minimal residual disease; metastatic tumours e.g.
  • compositions i.e. medicaments
  • clinical application of antigen binding molecules in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases such as, for example, cancer are known to the skilled artisan.
  • the dimeric antigen binding molecule is bispecific and used for cancer therapy, because such antibodies can be used to retarget cytotoxic effector cells against tumor cells.
  • This therapeutic concept is well known in the art. For example, clinical studies showed tumor regression in patients treated with an anti-CD3 x antitumor bispecific antibody (e.g. Canevari, S. et al., J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 87:1463-1469,1996) or patients treated with an anti-CD16 x antitumor bispecific antibody (e.g. Hartmann et al.; Clin Cancer Res. 2001; 7 (7 ) : 1873-81 ) .
  • variable domains such as, for example, dimeric and tetravalent CD3xCD19 antigen binding molecules having a domain order V H A-V L B-V H B-V L A (Cochlovius et al . ; Cancer Research, 2000, 60:4336- 4341) or recently in clinical studies with monomeric single-chain Fv antibody molecules of the BiTE®-format (two single-chain antibodies of different specificities linked together; Micromet AG, Germany; Bargou R. et al., Science, 2008, 321 ( 5891 ) : 974-977 ; Baeuerle PA and Reinhardt C, Cancer Res.
  • Fv variable domains
  • the dimeric antigen binding molecules described herein can be used as medicaments and applied in methods of treatment in a similar way as the bispecific antibodies of the art, as they are capable of redirecting therapeutic, e.g. cytotoxic, mechanisms using the same combined antibody specificities.
  • immunosuppressiv antibodies monospecific for CD3 such as Muromo- nab-CD3 are known for the treatment of transplant rejection, acute rejection of renal transplants (allografts), hepatic and cardiac transplants.
  • antigen-binding molecules bispecific for albumin and CD3 may be used in the same methods of treatments as the known monospecif- ic anti-CD3 antibodies.
  • the antigen-binding molecules specific to albumin and a another antigen, i.e. therapeutic or diagnostic target, as described herein may be used for the respective clinical applications of the antigen specificity other than albumin.
  • the antigen-binding molecule and the compositions thereof can be in the form of an oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal, or other pharma- ceuticaly acceptable dosage form.
  • the composition is administered orally and the dosage form is a tablet, capsule, cap- let or other orally available form.
  • the composition is parenteral, e.g. intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, or subcutaneous, and is administered by means of a solution containing the antigen-binding molecule.
  • the murine monoclonal antibodies HD37 and UCHT directed against CD19 and CD3, respectively, were the starting material for obtaining humanized antibodies with relatively high affinities .
  • the V H domain was first combined with a library of human V L in an scFv pha- gemid vector to select a suitable human V L chain by phage display.
  • the selected human V L chain was combined with a library of VH domains in which the CDR3 region remained constant. This procedure resulted in a humanized anti CD19 and anti CD3, respectively, that only contained a short murine sequence in the VHCDR3 region.
  • These clones were subsequently affinity matured introducing point mutations at residues thought to be involved in antigen binding. The best binding mutants were then selected by phage display.
  • the clones chosen for constructing the TandAb were M13 and M39 binding to CD19 and C4 and LcHC21 binding to CD3.
  • Antibody Al CD19 M39 xCD3 c4 (option 0) VH CD3C4 -V L CD19M39 -V H CD19M39 -V L CD3C4
  • Antibody B CD19 M39 xCD3 c4 (option 2) VL CD3C4 -V H CD19M39 -V L CD19M39 -V H CD3C4
  • Antibody A2 CD19 M13 xCD3 LCHC21 (option 0) VH CD3LCHC21 -V L CD19M13 -V H CD19M13 -V L CD3LCHC21
  • Antibody C CD19 M13 xCD3 LCHC21 (option 2) VL CD3LCHC21 -V H CD19M13 -V L CD19M13 -V H CD3LCHC21
  • V 7H CD3C4 of antibody B and V L CD3LCHC21- T V 7H CD19M13- T V 7L CD19M13- T V 7H CD3LCHC21 o practicef antibody C were generated by a DNA engineering and processing provider.
  • the sequence backbone of the VL CD3C4 -V H CD19M39 -V L CD19M39 -V h cd3c4 monomer comprises the DNA sequences of two scFv antibodies, namely scFvCD19 M39 and scFvCD3 c4 , respectively.
  • VL CD3LCHC21 -V H CD19M13 -V L CD19M13 -V h cd3lchc21 monomer sequence combines the variable domains of the single chain Fv CD19 M13 and single chain Fv CD3 LCHC21 . All four scFv were obtained by phage display selection of single chain antibodies against the antigens CD19 and CD3. In both cases the sequence information was used to construct the above hybrid monomers. A 9 amino acid (G 2 S) 3 linker was used to link the domains with one another.
  • the synthesized gene coding for v L CD3c4 -V H CD19M39 - V L CD19M39 -V H CD3C4 was cloned into the mammalian expression vector pCDNA5 FRT
  • the vector map of pCDNA5FRT encoding antibody B is shown in Fig. 6.
  • the vector map of pSKK3 encoding antibody C is shown in Fig. 7.
  • the vector containing the gene v L CD3c4 - VH CDI9M39_ VL CDI9M39_ VH CD3C4 was transiently transfected (using CaP0 4 ) into adherent HEK293 cells. Protein fermentation was performed under growth conditions well known in the art.
  • the recombinant protein was expressed as a His-Tag fusion protein with a signal peptide.
  • the protein was isolated from cell culture superna- tant by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) as described (Kipriyanov et al . , 1999, J.Mol. Biol . , 293, 41-56) .
  • IMAC immobilized metal affinity chromatography
  • the purified material was subsequently analysed by SDS-PAGE.
  • the transformed bacteria were grown in shake flasks and induced essentially as described previously (Cochlovius et al., 2000, J. Immunol., 165, 888-895).
  • the recombinant proteins were isolated from both the soluble periplasmic fraction and the bacterial medium supernatant by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) as already described (Kipriyanov et al., 1999, J.Mol. Biol., 293, 41-56).
  • the purified material was subsequently analysed by SDS-PAGE stained by Coomassie blue and size-exclusion chromatography on a calibrated Superdex 200 HR10/30 column (Amersham Pharmacia, Freiburg, Germany) in sodium-phosphate buffer (30mM NaP0 4 , 0.75M arginine/HCl, pH6.0). The product appeared to be pure and correctly assembled.
  • the comparative antibodies Al and A2 were generated in the same way as antibodies B and C, respectively, wherein the domain order of antibodies Al and A2, respectively, were reversed in comparison to that of antibodies B and C, respectively.
  • Cytotoxicity assays were performed essentially as described by T. Dreier et al. (2002, Int J Cancer 100, 690-697) .
  • the PMBCs that were used as effector cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers by density gradient centrifugation . In some cases, the PBMC were cultured overnight in the presence of 25 U/mL human IL-2 before they were used as effector cells in the cytotoxicity assay.
  • CD19 + JOK-1 or Raji target cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10%FCS, 2 mM L-glutamine and 100 IU/mL penicillin G sodium and 100 g/mL streptomycin sulfate (herein referred to as RPMI medium; all components from Invitrogen) .
  • RPMI medium all components from Invitrogen
  • For the cytotoxicity assay cells were labeled with 10 ⁇ calcein AM (Molecular Probes/Invitrogen) for 30 min in RPMI medium without FCS at 37 °C. After gently washing the labeled cells were resuspended in RPMI medium to a density of lxl0 5 /mL.
  • lxlO 4 target cells were then seeded together with 5xl0 5 PBMC with the indicated antibodies in individual wells of a round-bottom 96-well micro plate in a total volume of 200 L/well. After centrifugation for 2 min at 200 g the assay was incubated for 4 hours at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% C0 2 . 15 min prior to the end of incubation 20 of 10% Triton X-100 in RPMI medium were added to the wells with target cells only. 20 RPMI medium was added to all other wells.
  • Fluorescence represents the fluorescent counts from target cells in the absence of effector cells and antibodies and fluorescence (maximum) represents the total cell lysis induced by the addition of Triton X-100.
  • Sigmoidal dose response curves and EC 50 values were calculated using the Prism software (GraphPad Software) .
  • tandem diabody having the domain arrangement according to the invention designated as “antibody B” was more than 60x more active than the tandem diabody designated “antibody B” as determined by a comparison of their EC 50 values under the given conditions .
  • the EC 50 value of the tandem diabody with the domain order according to the invention represented by option 2 is extremely low (O.lpM) . It is 27x more active than the TandAb represented by option 0 after comparing the EC50 values under the given conditions.
  • HSA human serum albumin
  • HSAxCD3 TandAb antibodies with different domain orders differ in efficacy in inducing T cell receptor (TCR) /CD3 modulation on T cells in vitro CD3 + Jurkat cells were cultured in the presence of increasing concentrations of the bispecific HSAxCD3 TandAb antibodies and subsequently analyzed for remaining TCR.
  • the modulation assay was performed in the presence or absence of HSA to measure the influence of HSA on the activity of the TandAbs .
  • lxlO 6 Jurkat cells were seeded in individual wells of a round-bottom 96-well micro plate in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine and 100 IU/mL penicillin G sodium and 100 g/mL streptomycin sulfate (all components from Invitrogen) .
  • RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine and 100 IU/mL penicillin G sodium and 100 g/mL streptomycin sulfate (all components from Invitrogen) .
  • RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine and 100 IU/mL penicillin G sodium and 100 g/mL streptomycin sulfate (all components from Invitrogen) .
  • HSA HSA
  • cells were incubated in a total volume of 200 L/well at 37°C in a humidified incubator in the presence of 5% C0 2 .

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Abstract

Dans un aspect, la présente invention concerne une molécule de liaison à un antigène spécifique pour l'albumine et CD3, comprenant deux chaînes polypeptidiques, chaque chaîne polypeptidique ayant au moins quatre domaines variables dans une orientation empêchant la formation de Fv et les deux chaînes polypeptidiques étant dimérisées l'une avec l'autre, formant ainsi une molécule multivalente de liaison à un antigène. Sur chacune des deux chaînes polypeptidiques, les quatre domaines variables sont disposés dans l'ordre VLA-VHB-VLB-VHA à partir de l'extrémité N-terminale à l'extrémité C-terminale du polypeptide. La présente invention concerne également des compositions de la molécule de liaison à un antigène et les procédés d'utilisation de la molécule de liaison à un antigène ou les compositions de celle-ci pour le traitement de diverses maladies.
PCT/EP2011/062673 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 Molécule fv multivalente de liaison à un antigène WO2013013700A1 (fr)

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RU2013157040A RU2613368C2 (ru) 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 Поливалентная антиген-связывающая fv-молекула
AU2011373925A AU2011373925B2 (en) 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 Multivalent antigen-binding Fv molecule
PCT/EP2011/062673 WO2013013700A1 (fr) 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 Molécule fv multivalente de liaison à un antigène
CA2842649A CA2842649C (fr) 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 Molecule fv multivalente de liaison a un antigene
JP2014520541A JP5938473B2 (ja) 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 多価抗原結合Ｆｖ分子
BR112014001573A BR112014001573B8 (pt) 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 Molécula fv ao antígeno multivalente
MX2014000816A MX347829B (es) 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 Molécula fv de unión a antígeno multivalente.
CN201180072477.5A CN103687879B (zh) 2011-07-22 2011-07-22 多价抗原结合fv分子

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JP2014527515A (ja) 2014-10-16
CA2842649A1 (fr) 2013-01-31
RU2013157040A (ru) 2015-08-27
RU2613368C2 (ru) 2017-03-16
JP5938473B2 (ja) 2016-06-22
BR112014001573A2 (pt) 2017-02-21
AU2011373925A1 (en) 2014-01-16
MX2014000816A (es) 2014-07-09
CA2842649C (fr) 2020-01-21
MX347829B (es) 2017-05-15
BR112014001573B1 (pt) 2022-08-30
CN103687879A (zh) 2014-03-26
BR112014001573B8 (pt) 2022-11-08
CN103687879B (zh) 2016-05-04
AU2011373925B2 (en) 2016-04-28

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