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WO2013013466A1 - Antenne radar de type cassegrain - Google Patents

Antenne radar de type cassegrain Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013013466A1
WO2013013466A1 PCT/CN2011/082848 CN2011082848W WO2013013466A1 WO 2013013466 A1 WO2013013466 A1 WO 2013013466A1 CN 2011082848 W CN2011082848 W CN 2011082848W WO 2013013466 A1 WO2013013466 A1 WO 2013013466A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metamaterial
layer
refractive index
artificial
unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2011/082848
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘若鹏
季春霖
岳玉涛
殷俊
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kuang-Chi Institute of Advanced Technology
Kuang Chi Innovative Technology Ltd
Original Assignee
Kuang-Chi Institute of Advanced Technology
Kuang Chi Innovative Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN 201110210434 external-priority patent/CN102480031B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201110210431.7A external-priority patent/CN102904044B/zh
Application filed by Kuang-Chi Institute of Advanced Technology, Kuang Chi Innovative Technology Ltd filed Critical Kuang-Chi Institute of Advanced Technology
Publication of WO2013013466A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013013466A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/062—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for focusing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of radar antennas, and more particularly to a feedforward radar antenna using a metamaterial. ⁇ Background technique ⁇
  • the feedforward antenna also known as the Cassegrain antenna, consists of a parabolic primary reflecting surface 2, a hyperbolic secondary reflecting surface 1, a feed horn 3, and a bracket 4, as shown in FIG. Since the real focus of the parabolic main reflection surface 2 coincides with the virtual focus of the hyperbolic sub-reflection surface 1, and the phase center of the feed horn 3 coincides with the real focus of the hyperbolic sub-reflection surface 1, the electromagnetic wave emitted from the satellite passes through the parabolic main The reflecting surface 2 is reflected twice, and after being double-reflected by the hyperboloid secondary reflecting surface 1, it is focused on the phase center of the feed horn 3, and is superimposed in phase. This allows the radar antenna to receive or emit electromagnetic waves.
  • a method of casting by a mold or machining using a numerically controlled machine tool is usually used.
  • the process of the first method includes: making a parabolic mold, casting a paraboloid, and installing a parabolic reflector.
  • the process is complicated, the cost is high, and the shape of the parabola is relatively accurate to achieve the directional propagation of the radar antenna, so the processing accuracy is also relatively high.
  • the second method uses a large-scale CNC machine to perform parabolic machining. By editing the program, the path of the tool in the CNC machine is controlled to cut the desired paraboloid shape. This method is very precise, but it is difficult and costly to manufacture such a large CNC machine.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the difficulties in manufacturing a parabolic reflecting surface and a hyperbolic sub-reflecting surface in the prior art, and to provide a feedforward radar antenna, which is no longer limited to a parabolic setting, and is replaced by a flat metamaterial, which saves Space; and improve the deflection of large-angle electromagnetic wave incident, improve the efficiency of antenna energy radiation.
  • a feedforward radar antenna comprising: a feed source for radiating electromagnetic waves; a metamaterial panel for radiating the feed source
  • the electromagnetic wave is converted from a spherical electromagnetic wave into a planar electromagnetic wave, the metamaterial panel comprising a plurality of core layers having the same refractive index distribution, the core layer comprising a plurality of metamaterial units, the metamaterial unit comprising an artificial metal a unit substrate of a microstructure or an artificial pore structure, wherein a refractive index of each core layer of the metamaterial panel is circularly distributed at a center thereof, and a refractive index gradually decreases as the radius increases, and the radius is the same The refractive index is the same.
  • the radar antenna further includes a housing for fixing the feed source; and a layer of absorbing material adhered to the inner wall of the outer casing for absorbing a part of electromagnetic waves radiated from the feed source;
  • the material layer and the metamaterial panel form a closed cavity; the feed is located within the cavity.
  • the metamaterial unit further includes a first filling layer, the artificial metal microstructure is located between the unit substrate and the first filling layer, and the material filled in the first filling layer includes air and artificial a metal microstructure and a medium of the same material as the unit substrate.
  • first substrate layer and the second substrate layer are each made of a ceramic material, an epoxy resin, a polytetrafluoroethylene, an FR-4 composite material or an F4B composite material.
  • the meta-material panel further includes a plurality of gradation layers symmetrically distributed on both sides of the core layer, each of the gradation layers including a sheet-like substrate layer, a sheet-shaped second filling layer, and An air layer between the substrate layer and the second filling layer, and a medium filled in the second filling layer includes air and a medium of the same material as the substrate layer.
  • each core layer of the metamaterial panel with its center as the center of the circle with the radius r is as follows:
  • max represents the maximum refractive index value in each core layer
  • d represents the total thickness of all core layers
  • ss represents the distance from the feed to the core layer closest to the feed position, indicating each of said The refractive index value at the radius r in the core layer.
  • the refractive index in each of the graded layers of the metamaterial panel is uniformly distributed, and the variation of the refractive index distribution between the plurality of graded layers is as follows:
  • the man-made metal microstructure is a planar structure or a three-dimensional structure composed of at least one wire responsive to an electromagnetic field, the wire being a copper wire or a silver wire.
  • the wire is attached to the unit substrate by etching, plating, drilling, photolithography, electron engraving or ion etching.
  • the man-made metal microstructure is any one of a derivative shape, a snow flower shape or a snowflake shape derived from a "work" shape or a "work” shape.
  • each of the metamaterial units is formed with an artificial hole structure filled with a medium having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the unit substrate, and the artificial hole structures in all the super material units are filled.
  • the medium of the same material, the arrangement of the volume of the artificial pore structure disposed in the metamaterial unit in each core layer is: the volume of the artificial pore structure formed on the metamaterial unit is at the center of each core layer The center of the circle is distributed in a circular shape. As the radius increases, the volume of the artificial pore structure formed on the material unit increases, and the volume of the artificial pore formed on the metamaterial unit having the same radius is the same.
  • each of the metamaterial units is formed with an artificial hole structure filled with a medium having a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the unit substrate, and the artificial hole structures in all the metamaterial units are filled.
  • the medium of the same material, the arrangement of the volume of the artificial pore structure disposed in the metamaterial unit in each core layer is: the volume of the artificial pore structure formed on the metamaterial unit is at the center of each core layer The center of the circle is distributed in a circular shape. As the radius increases, the volume of the artificial hole formed on the material unit gradually decreases, and the volume of the artificial hole formed on the metamaterial unit having the same radius is the same.
  • the artificial hole structure is filled with a medium having a refractive index smaller than a refractive index of the unit substrate, and the artificial holes in all the super material units
  • the structure is filled with a medium of the same material, the artificial hole disposed in the metamaterial unit
  • the arrangement rule of the number of structures in each core layer is: the number of the artificial hole structures formed on the metamaterial unit is circularly distributed with the center of each core layer as a center, and the super-material unit is increased as the radius increases.
  • the number of formed manhole structures is also gradually increased, and the number of manhole structures formed on the metamaterial units having the same radius is the same.
  • the artificial hole structure is filled with a medium having a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the unit substrate, and the artificial holes in all the super material units
  • the structure is filled with a medium of the same material, and the arrangement of the number of the artificial hole structures disposed in the metamaterial unit in each core layer is: the number of the artificial hole structures formed on the metamaterial unit is each core layer The center of the center is circularly distributed. As the radius increases, the number of man-made hole structures formed on the material element gradually decreases, and the number of man-made hole structures formed on the metamaterial unit having the same radius is the same.
  • the feedforward radar antenna of the present invention greatly increases the far field power of the antenna by changing the refractive index distribution inside the super material panel, thereby improving the antenna propagation.
  • Distance at the same time by adding a layer of absorbing material inside the antenna cavity, increasing the front-to-back ratio of the antenna, making the antenna more directional.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a feedforward parabolic antenna in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a feedforward radar antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the metamaterial panel according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of core layers of the metamaterial according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the metamaterial unit according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the metamaterial graded layer of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the artificial metal microstructure in the core layer according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the change of the refractive index of the core layer according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a change in refractive index of a core layer according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a feedforward radar antenna according to a second embodiment
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of the super material panel according to the second embodiment
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of a plurality of core layers of the metamaterial of the second embodiment
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of the metamaterial unit of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of the metamaterial graded layer of the present invention:
  • the antenna includes a feed 10, a metamaterial panel 20, a casing 30, and a absorbing material layer 40.
  • the feed 10 is fixed to the casing 30.
  • the absorbing material layer 40 is in close contact with the inner wall of the outer casing 30, the absorbing material layer 40 is connected to the metamaterial panel 20, and the absorbing material layer 40 and the metamaterial panel 20 together form a closed cavity, the feeding source 10 is located within the cavity.
  • the electromagnetic wave radiated from the feed 10 is a spherical electromagnetic wave, but the far-field direction performance of the spherical electromagnetic wave is not good, and the signal transmission with the spherical electromagnetic wave as a carrier at a long distance has a great limitation, and the attenuation is fast, and the present invention passes the feed.
  • a metamaterial panel 20 having an electromagnetic wave convergence function is designed in the transmission direction of the source 10, and the metamaterial panel 20 converts most of the electromagnetic waves radiated from the feed 10 into spherical electromagnetic waves, so that the directionality of the radar antenna is better, the antenna The main lobe has a higher energy density and a larger energy, and the signal transmission distance of the plane electromagnetic wave is further.
  • a layer of absorbing material 40 is adhered to the inner wall of the outer casing 30 for absorbing the direction of the main lobe.
  • the outer casing 30 is used to fix the feed source 10, and is generally made of a metal material or an ABS material.
  • the metamaterial panel 20 includes a plurality of core layers 210 and a plurality of graded layers 220 symmetrically distributed on both sides of the core layer 210, each core layer 210.
  • Each consists of a plurality of metamaterial units including a unit substrate 211, a sheet-shaped first filling layer 213, and a plurality of artificial metals disposed between the unit substrate 211 and the first filling layer 213.
  • Microstructure 212 as shown in Figure 4 and as shown in Figure 5.
  • the material filled in the first filling layer 213 may be air, an artificial metal microstructure, and a medium of the same material as the unit substrate, for example, when it is required that the equivalent refractive index in the metamaterial unit becomes large,
  • the first filling layer 213 may be filled with a metal microstructure or filled with a medium having a large refractive index; when the equivalent refractive index in the metamaterial unit is required to be small, the first filling layer 213 may be filled with an air medium. Or do not fill any media.
  • the plurality of metamaterial core layers 210 in the metamaterial panel 20 are stacked together, and the core layers 210 are assembled at equal intervals, or the front and back surfaces are integrally bonded together integrally between the two sheets.
  • the number of super-material core layers and the distance between each core layer can be designed according to requirements.
  • Each of the metamaterial core layers 210 is formed by an array of a plurality of metamaterial units, and the entire metamaterial core layer 210 can be regarded as being arranged by an array of a plurality of metamaterial units in three directions of X, ⁇ , and ⁇ .
  • the plurality of core layers 210 of the metamaterial panel 20 realize phase radiation of electromagnetic waves or the like after passing through the metamaterial panel 20 by changing the refractive index distribution inside thereof, that is, realizing spherical electromagnetic wave conversion radiated from the feed source 10 It is a plane electromagnetic wave.
  • the refractive index distribution of each of the metamaterial core layers 210 is the same, and only the refractive index distribution of one of the supermaterial core layers 210 is described in detail.
  • the refractive index distribution of the intermediate core layer 210 satisfies the following rules:
  • the refractive index distribution of 210 is the same, each core layer includes a circular area centered on the center of the core layer 210, and the refractive index at the center of the circular area is the maximum value n max and increases with the radius The gradual decrease is large, and the refractive index at the same radius is the same.
  • n max ⁇ n mm
  • the design of the present invention is: When electromagnetic waves pass through the core layers 210 of each metamaterial, the deflection angle of the electromagnetic waves is gradually changed and finally radiated in parallel.
  • Sm ⁇ q* A «, where is the angle of the desired deflection electromagnetic wave, ⁇ « is the difference between the front and back refractive index changes, q is the thickness of the metamaterial functional layer and the required parameter value can be determined by computer simulation and The design purpose of the invention is achieved.
  • Figure 8 is a OO' view of the refractive index profile of the core layer of the metamaterial shown in Figure 9.
  • the refractive index of electromagnetic waves is proportional to ⁇ ⁇ , where ⁇ is the magnetic permeability and ⁇ is the dielectric constant.
  • the electromagnetic wave When one electromagnetic wave propagates from one medium to another, the electromagnetic wave will refract. When the refractive index distribution inside the substance is non-uniform, the electromagnetic wave is deflected toward a position where the refractive index is relatively large. Therefore, the refractive index of each point of the core layer 210 in the super-material panel 20 is designed to satisfy the above refractive index change rule. It should be noted that since the metamaterial unit is actually a cube rather than a point, the above circular area is only an approximate description, and the actual metamaterial units having the same or substantially the same refractive index are distributed on a zigzag circumference. of.
  • the specific design is similar to the programming mode (such as OpenGL) when the computer draws a smooth curve such as a circle or an ellipse with a square pixel.
  • a smooth curve such as a circle or an ellipse with a square pixel.
  • the curve is smooth, and when the pixel is relative to the curve.
  • the curve shows jagged.
  • the substrate 211 and the first filling layer 213 are distributed on the substrate.
  • the unit substrate 211 is made of a dielectric insulating material, and may be a ceramic material, a polymer material, a ferroelectric material, a ferrite material, a ferromagnetic material, or the like.
  • the material can be, for example, epoxy or polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the artificial metal microstructure 212 is a metal wire which is attached to the unit substrate 211 in a certain geometric shape and is responsive to electromagnetic waves.
  • the metal wire may be a copper wire or a silver wire having a cylindrical or flat shape, and is generally made of copper. Because the copper wire is relatively cheap, the cross section of the metal wire may also be other shapes, and the metal wire is attached to the unit substrate 211 by etching, plating, drilling, photolithography, electron etching or ion etching, etc., the first
  • the filling layer 213 may be filled with a medium of different materials, may be the same material as the unit substrate 211, may also be an artificial metal microstructure, or may be air, and each core layer 210 is composed of a plurality of metamaterial units, each super The material units all have an artificial metal microstructure, and each metamaterial unit responds to electromagnetic waves passing through it, thereby affecting the transmission of electromagnetic waves therein.
  • the size of each metamaterial unit depends on the electromagnetic waves that need to be responded to, usually required
  • the size and its spatial distribution on the unit substrate 211 and the medium filling the first filling layer 213 with different refractive indices can adjust the equivalent dielectric constant and the equivalent magnetic permeability of the various materials on the metamaterial to change the metamaterials.
  • the pattern of the artificial metal microstructure 212 used in this embodiment is an I-shaped derivative pattern.
  • the size of the snow-like artificial metal microstructure 212 gradually decreases from the center to the periphery, at the center of each core layer 210.
  • the snowflake-shaped man-made metal microstructure 212 has the largest size, and the snow-like artificial metal microstructures 212 at the same radius from the center have the same size, so that the equivalent dielectric constant of each core layer 210 gradually decreases from the middle to the periphery.
  • the intermediate equivalent dielectric constant is the largest, and thus the refractive index of each core layer 210 gradually decreases from the middle to the periphery, and the refractive index of the middle portion is the largest.
  • the pattern of the artificial metal microstructures 212 may be two-dimensional or three-dimensional, and is not limited to the embodiment.
  • the "work" shape used can be a derivative structure of the "work” shape, which can be a snowflake-like and snowflake-like derivative structure in which each side of the three-dimensional space is perpendicular to each other, or other geometric shapes, in which different artificial
  • the metal microstructures 212 may have the same pattern, but the design dimensions are different; the patterns and design dimensions may be different, as long as the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna unit are propagated through the metamaterial panel 20 and can be emitted in parallel.
  • the refractive index of each core layer 210 of the metamaterial panel 20 is centered on the center thereof, and the variation law of the radius r is as follows:
  • max represents the maximum refractive index value in each core layer 210
  • d represents the total thickness of all core layers 210
  • ss represents the distance of the feed source 10 to the core layer 210 closest to the feed position
  • each of the metamaterial grading layers 220 includes a sheet substrate layer 221, a sheet-shaped second filling layer 223, and an air layer 222 disposed between the substrate layer 221 and the second filling layer 223.
  • the substrate layer 221 may be a polymer, a ceramic material, a ferroelectric material, a ferrite material or the like.
  • the high molecular polymer is preferably a FR-4 or F4B material.
  • the refractive indices between the plurality of metamaterial graded layers 220 are different, in order to match the impedance of the air to the core layer 210, typically by adjusting the width of the air layer 222 and by filling the second fill layer 223 with different refractions.
  • the medium of the rate is used to achieve impedance matching.
  • the medium may also be the same material as the substrate layer 221, or may be air, wherein the metamaterial gradient layer 220 close to the air has a refractive index closest to the air and gradually becomes a refractive index toward the core layer 210. increase.
  • the refractive index of each of the gradient layers 220 of the metamaterial panel 20 is uniformly distributed, and the variation of the refractive index distribution between the plurality of graded layers 220 is as follows:
  • the core layer 210, the first layer of the gradient layer is the outermost layer.
  • a feedforward radar antenna of the present invention greatly increases the far field power of the antenna by changing the refractive index distribution inside the super material panel 20, thereby increasing the distance traveled by the antenna while passing through the antenna.
  • a layer of absorbing material 40 is disposed inside the cavity, which increases the front-to-back ratio of the antenna, making the antenna more directional.
  • the antenna includes a feed 10, a metamaterial panel 20', a casing 30, and a absorbing material layer 40.
  • the feed 10 is fixed to the casing 30.
  • the absorbing material layer 40 is in close contact with the inner wall of the outer casing 30, the absorbing material layer 40 is connected to the metamaterial panel 20', and the absorbing material layer 40 and the metamaterial panel 20' together form a closed cavity.
  • the feed 10 is located within the cavity.
  • the electromagnetic wave radiated from the feed 10 is a spherical electromagnetic wave, but the far-field direction performance of the spherical electromagnetic wave is not good, and the signal transmission with the spherical electromagnetic wave as a carrier at a long distance has a great limitation, and the attenuation is fast, and the present invention passes the feed.
  • a metamaterial panel 20' having an electromagnetic wave convergence function is designed in the transmission direction of the source 10, and the metamaterial panel 20' converts most of the electromagnetic waves radiated from the feed 10 from spherical electromagnetic waves into planar electromagnetic waves, so that the directionality of the radar antenna is better.
  • the main lobe of the antenna has higher energy density and greater energy, and the signal transmission distance of the plane electromagnetic wave is further.
  • a layer of absorbing material 40 is adhered to the inner wall of the outer casing 30 for absorbing the direction of the main lobe.
  • the outer casing 30 is used to fix the feed source 10, and is generally made of a metal material or an ABS material.
  • the metamaterial panel 20' includes a plurality of core layers 210' having the same refractive index distribution and a plurality of graded layers 220' symmetrically distributed on both sides of the core layer, and the core layer 210' is also
  • the functional layer of the super material panel 10 is composed of a plurality of metamaterial units. Since the super material panel 20' needs to continuously respond to electromagnetic waves, the size of the metamaterial unit should be less than one fifth of the wavelength of the required response electromagnetic wave. The example is preferably one tenth of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the metamaterial unit includes a unit substrate 211 ' provided with one or more manhole structures 212'. Each of the core layers 210' thus provided with the artificial hole structure 212' is superposed to constitute a functional layer of the metamaterial panel 20', as shown in FIG.
  • the plurality of core layers 210' of the metamaterial panel 20' realize phase radiation of electromagnetic waves or the like after passing through the metamaterial panel 20' by changing the refractive index distribution inside thereof, that is, to be radiated from the feed source 10 Spherical electromagnetic waves are converted into planar electromagnetic waves.
  • the refractive index distribution of each of the metamaterial core layers 210' is the same, and only the refractive index distribution of one supermaterial core layer 210' will be described in detail herein.
  • the refractive index profile of each metamaterial core layer 210' is shown in Figure 9 by the design of the volume of the manhole structure 212', the medium filled in the manhole structure 212', and the density of the manhole structure 212'.
  • Each core layer 210' of the metamaterial panel includes a circular area centered on the center point of the metamaterial core layer 210', the refractive index of the center of the circular area is at most nmax , and the refractive index is the same at the same radius. The larger the radius, the smaller the refractive index.
  • Fig. 9 shows a refractive index change diagram of nmax ⁇ n mm , but it should be understood that the present invention The refractive index change is not limited to this.
  • the design of the present invention is: When electromagnetic waves pass through the core layers 210' of each metamaterial, the deflection angle of the electromagnetic waves is gradually changed and finally radiated in parallel.
  • Figure 8 is a 0-0' view of the refractive index profile of the core layer of the metamaterial shown in Figure 9.
  • the refractive index of electromagnetic waves is proportional to ⁇ ⁇ , where ⁇ is the magnetic permeability and ⁇ is the dielectric constant.
  • ⁇ is the magnetic permeability
  • ⁇ is the dielectric constant.
  • the electromagnetic wave will refract.
  • the refractive index distribution inside the material is non-uniform, the electromagnetic wave is deflected to a position where the refractive index is relatively large. Therefore, the refractive index of each point of the super-material panel 20' is designed to satisfy the above-mentioned refractive index change rule, which needs to be explained.
  • the metamaterial unit is actually a cube rather than a point
  • the circular area described above is only an approximate description, and the actual metamaterial units having the same or substantially the same refractive index are distributed over a zigzag circumference.
  • the specific design is similar to the programming mode (such as OpenGL) when the computer draws a smooth curve such as a circle or an ellipse with a square pixel. When the pixel is small relative to the curve, the curve is smooth, and when the pixel is relative to the curve. When larger, the curve shows jagged.
  • the volume of the artificial hole structure 212' and the medium filled in the artificial hole structure 212' can be designed. Two preferred embodiments are discussed in detail below.
  • each core layer 210' of the metamaterial panel 20' is composed of a plurality of metamaterial units, each of which includes a unit substrate 211' provided with an artificial hole structure 212'.
  • Unit substrate 21 ⁇ Polymers, ceramic materials, ferroelectric materials, ferrite materials, etc. can be used. Among them, the high molecular polymer is preferably a FR-4 or F4B material.
  • the artificial hole structure 212' may be formed on the unit substrate 211' by different processes corresponding to different unit substrates 211'. For example, when the unit substrate 211' is selected from a high molecular polymer, it may be drilled or punched by a drill press or The artificial hole structure 212' is formed by injection molding or the like. When the unit base material 211' is selected from ceramics, the artificial hole structure 212 can be formed by drilling, punching, or high-temperature sintering.
  • the artificial hole structure 212' can be filled with a medium.
  • the artificial hole structure 212' is filled.
  • the charged medium is air, and the refractive index of the air is inevitably smaller than the refractive index of the unit substrate 211 '.
  • the refractive index of the metamaterial unit where the artificial hole structure 212' is located is smaller. .
  • the arrangement of the artificial hole structure 212' disposed in the metamaterial unit in each core layer 210' is: the volume of the artificial hole structure 212' formed on the metamaterial unit is each The center of the core layer 210' has a circular center, wherein the volume of the artificial hole structure 212' formed on the metamaterial unit at the center of the circle is the smallest, and the volume of the artificial hole structure 212' formed on the material unit increases with the increase of the radius.
  • the manhole structure 212' formed on the metamaterial unit having the same radius is also increased in volume.
  • the artificial hole structure 212' when the artificial hole structure 212' is filled with the same medium having a refractive index greater than that of the unit substrate 211', then the larger the artificial hole structure 212' is, the hypermaterial unit occupied by the artificial hole structure 212'.
  • the refractive index is also larger, so that the arrangement of the artificial hole structure 212' disposed in the metamaterial unit at this time in each core layer 210' will be completely the same as that of the artificial hole structure 212'. in contrast.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is different from the first preferred embodiment in that a plurality of artificial hole structures 212' having the same volume are present in each metamaterial unit, which simplifies the artificial setting on the unit substrate 21 The process difficulty of the hole structure 212'.
  • the distribution rule of all the artificial hole structures in the super material unit in the super-material unit in the preferred embodiment is the same as that in the first preferred embodiment, that is, divided into two.
  • each core layer 210' includes a circular area centered on the center thereof and at the center of the circular area
  • the number of the artificial hole structures 212' formed on the metamaterial unit is the smallest, and the number of the artificial hole structures 212' formed on the metamaterial unit having the same radius is the same, and the hypermaterial unit of each radius corresponding to the radius increases
  • the number of artificial hole structures 212' formed thereon also increases.
  • each core layer 210' The number of the man-made hole structures 212' formed on the metamaterial unit at the center of the circle having a circular center area centered on the center thereof is the largest, and the manhole structure 212' formed on the metamaterial unit having the same radius The number is the same, and as the radius increases, the number of the artificial hole structures 212' formed on the metamaterial units at various points corresponding to the radius decreases.
  • the refractive index of each core layer 210' of the metamaterial panel 20' is centered on the center thereof, and the variation law along the radius r is as follows:
  • max represents the maximum refractive index value in each core layer 210'
  • d represents the total thickness of all core layers
  • ss represents the distance from the feed 10 to the core layer 210' closest to the position of the feed 10.
  • each of the metamaterial grading layers 220' includes a sheet-like substrate layer 221', a sheet-like filling layer 223', and an air layer disposed between the substrate layer 221' and the filling layer 223'. 222'.
  • the substrate layer 221 ' can be selected from a polymer, a ceramic material, a ferroelectric material, a ferrite material, or the like. Among them, the polymer is preferably FR-4 or F4B.
  • the refractive index profile within each graded layer 220' is uniform, and the index of refraction between the plurality of graded layers is different, in order to match the impedance of the air and core layer 210', typically by adjusting the layer of air 222'
  • the impedance is achieved by filling and filling the filling layer 223' with a medium having a different refractive index.
  • the medium may also be the same material as the substrate layer 22 or air, wherein the refraction of the metamaterial gradient layer 220' close to the air The rate is closest to the air and the refractive index gradually increases toward the core layer 210'.
  • the refractive index in each of the gradation layers 220' of the metamaterial panel 20' is uniformly distributed, and the plurality of gradation layers 220' (the core layer 210' - the plurality of grading layers on the side 220' as an example)
  • the variation of the refractive index distribution is as follows:
  • the feedforward radar antenna of the present invention greatly increases the far field power of the antenna by changing the refractive index distribution inside the super-material panel 20', thereby increasing the distance of the antenna propagation, and at the same time A layer of absorbing material 40 is disposed inside the antenna cavity, which increases the front-to-back ratio of the antenna, making the antenna more directional.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une antenne radar de type Cassegrain comprenant une alimentation (10) et un panneau de métamatériau (20 et 20'). Le panneau de métamatériau (20 et 20') comprend de multiples couches centrales (210 et 210') présentant des indices de réfraction identiques. Chaque couche centrale (210 et 210') est composée de multiples unités de métamatériau. Les unités de métamatériau comprennent des microstructures métalliques artificielles (212) et des substrats d'unités (211) ou les unités de métamatériau comprennent des substrats d'unités (211') sur lesquels sont agencées une ou plusieurs structures de pores artificielles (212'). En modifiant le motif de distribution des indices de réfraction à l'intérieur du panneau de métamatériau, l'antenne radar permet d'améliorer la puissance de champ lointain de l'antenne et la distance de transmission de l'antenne.
PCT/CN2011/082848 2011-07-26 2011-11-24 Antenne radar de type cassegrain Ceased WO2013013466A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201110210431.7 2011-07-26
CN 201110210434 CN102480031B (zh) 2011-07-26 2011-07-26 一种后馈式雷达天线
CN201110210431.7A CN102904044B (zh) 2011-07-26 2011-07-26 一种后馈式雷达天线
CN201110210434.0 2011-07-26

Publications (1)

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WO2013013466A1 true WO2013013466A1 (fr) 2013-01-31

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111555034A (zh) * 2020-05-15 2020-08-18 中国航空工业集团沈阳飞机设计研究所 宽频梯度相位设计方法及超材料

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62133402A (ja) * 1985-12-05 1987-06-16 Mitsubishi Electric Corp ホログラムレンズの製造方法
JPH05191136A (ja) * 1992-01-14 1993-07-30 Arimura Giken Kk 平面型位相補償レンズアンテナ
JPH0646339B2 (ja) * 1987-06-29 1994-06-15 日本電気株式会社 ホログラム
EP0789421A2 (fr) * 1996-02-12 1997-08-13 BOEING NORTH AMERICAN, Inc. Antenne de radar légère et durable à lentille
CN1167350A (zh) * 1996-05-30 1997-12-10 日本电气株式会社 改进介质透镜减少内反射波干扰的透镜天线
CN102110890A (zh) * 2011-02-11 2011-06-29 中国科学院光电技术研究所 一种基于非均匀介质的高增益喇叭天线

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS62133402A (ja) * 1985-12-05 1987-06-16 Mitsubishi Electric Corp ホログラムレンズの製造方法
JPH0646339B2 (ja) * 1987-06-29 1994-06-15 日本電気株式会社 ホログラム
JPH05191136A (ja) * 1992-01-14 1993-07-30 Arimura Giken Kk 平面型位相補償レンズアンテナ
EP0789421A2 (fr) * 1996-02-12 1997-08-13 BOEING NORTH AMERICAN, Inc. Antenne de radar légère et durable à lentille
CN1167350A (zh) * 1996-05-30 1997-12-10 日本电气株式会社 改进介质透镜减少内反射波干扰的透镜天线
CN102110890A (zh) * 2011-02-11 2011-06-29 中国科学院光电技术研究所 一种基于非均匀介质的高增益喇叭天线

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111555034A (zh) * 2020-05-15 2020-08-18 中国航空工业集团沈阳飞机设计研究所 宽频梯度相位设计方法及超材料
CN111555034B (zh) * 2020-05-15 2022-09-30 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳飞机设计研究所 宽频梯度相位设计方法及超材料

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