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WO2013010370A1 - Appareil et procédés de communication destinés à un avion - Google Patents

Appareil et procédés de communication destinés à un avion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013010370A1
WO2013010370A1 PCT/CN2011/084239 CN2011084239W WO2013010370A1 WO 2013010370 A1 WO2013010370 A1 WO 2013010370A1 CN 2011084239 W CN2011084239 W CN 2011084239W WO 2013010370 A1 WO2013010370 A1 WO 2013010370A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aircraft
ground based
based station
processor
station
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2011/084239
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Shaojie Zhang
Shiping Duan
Yeping Xiao
Yu Wang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BEIJING WEIBANG YUANHANG WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Original Assignee
BEIJING WEIBANG YUANHANG WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BEIJING WEIBANG YUANHANG WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd filed Critical BEIJING WEIBANG YUANHANG WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Publication of WO2013010370A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013010370A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/18502—Airborne stations
    • H04B7/18506—Communications with or from aircraft, i.e. aeronautical mobile service

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to aircraft communication apparatus and methods, and more particularly, to aircraft communication apparatus and methods for communication between an airborne aircraft and a ground based station.
  • An aircraft approaching an airport would usually engage into frequent radio communication with the airport control of the approaching airport to prepare for landing or to ensure safe passage.
  • an aircraft leaving an airport would usually maintain radio communication with the airport control of the departing airport until the passage out of the departing airport is completely clear of air traffic in the vicinity of the airport.
  • aircraft communication apparatus which are adapted to facilitate wireless communication between an aircraft and a ground based station.
  • aircraft communication apparatus usually comprise a radio frequency frontend apparatus controlled by a processor such as a microprocessor to control operation of the radio frequency frontend and to perform frontend data processing.
  • an aircraft In order to maintain continuous radio communication with the ground using ground based networks while airborne, and because the air-to-ground range covered by a ground based station is usually limited (typically between 10km to 300km), an aircraft would need to switch over to communicate with different ground based stations at different times depending on factors such as distance from ground stations, weather, and/or flight paths. For example, when an aircraft flies along a flight path which is distributed with a network of ground based stations to ensure continuous coverage of radio communication along the entire flight path, the aircraft will need to switch over to communicate with a second ground based station when leaving the territory of a first ground based station and approaching the territory covered by the second ground based station which is adjacent to the first. It is desirable to ensure stable switching to avoid 'ping pong' or back-and-forth switching in the course of switching over between ground based stations.
  • an aircraft communication apparatus for communication between an airborne aircraft and a ground based station
  • the aircraft communication apparatus comprises a radio frequency frontend apparatus, a processor connected to the radio frequency frontend apparatus and machine readable instructions executable by the processor to operate the radio frequency frontend apparatus and to cause switching of communication from between the aircraft and a first ground based station to between the aircraft and a second ground based station, wherein the aircraft is in communication with the first ground based station and is preparing to switch to communicate with the second ground bases station in place of the first ground based station; and wherein the processor is to determine whether to switch to communication with the second ground based station depending on the outcome of signal quality measurements on signals received by the aircraft from the second ground based station; and evaluation on change of flight posture of the aircraft.
  • An aircraft communication apparatus for air-to-ground radio communication having a processor adapted to execute instructions to evaluate the change of flight posture parameters of an airborne aircraft mitigates the risk of inadvertent switching of ground based stations due to temporal or transitional movement of the aircraft such as those due to air turbulence, thereby mitigating ping pong or back-and-forth switching problems.
  • a method of radio communication between an airborne aircraft and ground based stations the airborne aircraft being in communication with a first ground based station and being in preparation to communicate with a second ground based station in communication range; wherein the method comprises a processor executing instructions to determine whether to remain in communication with the first ground based station or to switch over to communicate with the second ground based station, and the determination is dependent on outcome of signal quality measurements on signals received by the aircraft from the second ground based station; and evaluation on change of flight posture of the aircraft.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram depicting an airborne aircraft flying in an air space which is between a first ground based station and a second ground based station,
  • Figure 1 A is a schematic diagram of an example aircraft communication apparatus
  • Figure 2 is schematic diagram of Figure 1 depicting the aircraft and the radio ranges covered by the first and second ground based stations
  • Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram depicting an example flow to determine whether to switch over
  • Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram depicting an example flow to determine switching over of communication
  • Figure 5 is a schematic block diagram depicting an on-board aircraft communication apparatus in communication with a base station aircraft communication apparatus
  • Figure 6 is a schematic block diagram of an on-board aircraft communication apparatus connected to signal quality measurement devices.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram depicting a set of axes for defining geographic coordinates and a set of axe representing an aircrafts.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram depicting a variation of flight posture of an airborne aircraft with reference to an expected flight path.
  • An aircraft 110 as an example of a commercial airliner depicted in Figures 1 , 1 A and 2 is flying in a region which is within the radio communication ranges of both a first ground based station 120 and a second ground based station 130.
  • the first and the second ground based stations are two of a plurality of ground based stations of a network of cellular based stations which is deployed along a flight path to provide continuous radio communication coverage to facilitate radio communication between the aircraft and the ground while flying along the flight path.
  • An aircraft communication apparatus is mounted on the aircraft to facilitate wireless communication with a ground based station by way of one or more antennae installed on the aircraft for external communication.
  • an aircraft communication apparatus is mounted on each ground based station to facilitate wireless communication with an aircraft by way of one or more antennae of the ground based station.
  • the aircraft communication apparatus 112 comprises a radio frequency ('RF') frontend apparatus, a microprocessor as an example of a processor, and a memory such as RAM as an example of non-transitory memory for storing instructions for execution by the processor.
  • the RF frontend apparatus 112 comprises an RF module which is in connection with an aircraft mounted antenna via a contact terminal.
  • the RF module is adapted to modulate or up-convert outgoing baseband signals to radio-frequency signals and demodulate or down-convert incoming radio-frequency signals to baseband signals by using frequency conversion, filtering, sampling and other processing.
  • a baseband processing module controlled by a microprocessor.
  • the microprocessor is also responsible for distributing incoming data inside the aircraft or for receiving data coming from inside the aircraft for uplink transmission to the ground based station or ground based stations.
  • Signal reception, distribution or collection by the microprocessor may be by LAN, wireless means such as WiFi (IEEE 802.11 ), or by wired connection without loss of generality.
  • an onboard aircraft communication apparatus also comprises a flight posture device for collecting information relating to the instantaneous flight posture of the aircraft is connected to the microprocessor, and a signal quality measurement device for measuring incoming signal quality.
  • the aircraft was originally in an air space covered solely by the first ground based station 120 and is now moving towards an air space which is covered solely by the second ground based station 130.
  • the aircraft will enter a signal overlapping region 132 which is covered by both the first and the second ground based stations.
  • the aircraft will be entering the air space which is covered solely by the second ground based station after leaving the air space 132, it will be beneficial to switch over or handover the air-to-ground communication of the aircraft from the first ground based station to the second ground based station while in the air space 132 such that the aircraft will enter into steady state communication with the second ground base station before the aircraft is out of range from the first ground based station.
  • the terms 'switch over' or handover in this disclosure are used interchangeably herein.
  • the first ground based station will instruct the aircraft to initiate a switching over procedure upon detection from the coordinate information of the aircraft that the aircraft is leaving the signaling territory of the first ground based station.
  • the on-board aircraft communication apparatus may also initiate the switch over procedure upon detection that the quality of signals coming from the first ground based station has gradually dropped to a threshold minimum, indicating that switching over to another ground station is desirable.
  • the aircraft will seek a second ground based station of reasonable signal strength to continue steady state radio communication.
  • the on-board aircraft communication apparatus will collect information relating to the flight posture of the aircraft and measure the quality of signals coming in from the second ground based station.
  • flight posture information is obtained by using onboard posture sensors, such as on-board 3-axis accelerometers or on-board gyroscopes to obtain posture information of the aircraft and to evaluate a change in flight posture.
  • Information on the change in flight posture of the aircraft may be obtained from evaluating the change of orientation or posture of the aircraft within a given time.
  • information on change in flight posture of an airborne aircraft is obtained with reference to the flight speed information of an aircraft.
  • the NEU frame F N EU in which the earth is fixed and the axes of the aircraft are aligned with the directions of North (N), East (E) and local vertical (Upwards, U) is used.
  • a the aircraft is characterized by a body frame F B having 3 orthogonal axes, namely, a roll axis extending forward of the aircraft's nose, a pitch axis extending out of the right wing, and a yaw axis extending out of the bottom of the aircraft.
  • the orientation of the body frame F B with respect to the NEU frame F NE u is given by three angles, namely, yaw angle ( ⁇ ), pitch angle ( ⁇ ), and the roll angle ( ⁇ ).
  • the speed and location of the aircraft is obtained, for example, through use of the GPS or the GNSS satellite navigation systems.
  • the speed is then processed to extract the observed velocity components of the aircraft in the 3 major orthogonal aviation orientations, namely, the east direction ( Ve ), the north direction ( Vjv ) and the upward direction ( Vu ).
  • the observed velocity components are then processed by Kalman filtering algorithms to obtain the velocity components C E , VN , VU ), and best estimates of the acceleration components, namely, Th e values of the velocity and acceleration components, namely, ( E , N , u , E , N , u ), are then used as pseudo posture input to calculate the best velocity and acceleration estimates using Kalman filtering to obtain the pseudo yaw angle ( ⁇ 3 ), the pseudo pitch angle (Q s ) and the pseudo roll angle ( D S ) as follows:-
  • the observed speed and coordinates information of the aircraft in the 3 major orientations can be obtained by using the GNSS satellite navigation system.
  • n is an integer and T is the sampling period.
  • the accelerations ( a z , a ⁇ n tn e 3 upward directions can be obtained to determine the pseudo posture information and the pseudo posture parameters, such as the pseudo yaw angle ( ⁇ 3 ), the pseudo pitch angle ( ⁇ 3 ), and the pseudo roll angle ( ⁇ 3 ),
  • the pseudo posture information and the pseudo posture parameters such as the pseudo yaw angle ( ⁇ 3 ), the pseudo pitch angle ( ⁇ 3 ), and the pseudo roll angle ( ⁇ 3 )
  • the variation in the individual parameters namely, ⁇ 3 ' ⁇ 3 ' ⁇ 3 , can be determined and use to determine the change in flight posture and the instantaneous flight state of the aircraft.
  • the aircraft communication apparatus In a first mode of operation, the aircraft communication apparatus is in radio communication with the first ground based station and is beginning to enter into a region radio covered by the second ground based station. This region is referred to as a signaling territory for brevity. As the aircraft is expected to leave the signaling territory of the first ground based station, the aircraft communication apparatus at the first ground based station will notify the aircraft the need to switch over communication to the second ground based station, and the aircraft will initiate a switching over procedure upon receipt of this switching over notification.
  • the aircraft will begin seeking for radio signals coming from a ground based station in the neighborhood of the first ground based station upon receipt of the switching over notification from the first ground station.
  • the aircraft communication apparatus on board the aircraft will cause the signal quality of the signals coming in from the neighboring ground based station and the instantaneous flight state of the aircraft to be evaluated. If the outcome of incoming signal quality evaluation and the flight state is satisfactory, the first ground based station will notify the aircraft and the second ground based station that the aircraft will be switching over to communicate with the second ground based station, and the aircraft will act accordingly.
  • the on-board aircraft communication apparatus will measure the incoming signals and determine the signal quality with reference to, for example, signal strength and/or signal-interference-ratio. The measured signal quality will then be compared with the signal quality of signals coming in from the first ground based station and received at the aircraft, or compared with a threshold signal quality level representing an acceptable signal quality level for steady state radio communication.
  • a processor will calculate the change in the flight posture parameters of the aircraft within a given time period to determine whether the aircraft is in a steady flight state or in a transitory or transient flight state.
  • the aircraft will be determined as in a transitory or transient state according to the outcome of the calculation. For example, if the change in any one the flight posture parameters in a given time period, namely, ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 3 , exceeds a predetermined threshold, the aircraft will be classified as in an abrupt transitory flight state and no switching over will take place until the aircraft are in a steady state.
  • An abrupt transitory state of flight state typically corresponds to an unexpected or unanticipated change in flight postures due to unexpected flying conditions such as turbulence or abrupt turns or abrupt ditch to avoid collision or accident.
  • the longitudinal axis of the aircraft is inline with L as expected and the aircraft is at a pitch angle ⁇ - ⁇ of 30°.
  • the aircraft pulls up to avoid the cloud and the pitch angle of the aircraft is changed to ⁇ 2 of 60° and the longitudinal axis of the aircraft also deviates substantially from the direction of the flight path L.
  • the processor will determine that the aircraft is in a steady flight state.
  • the measured signal quality of the first ground based station at position D will be calculated to get the average signal quality of the first ground based station and switch over will occur if the signal quality of the second ground based station is satisfactory compared with the average signal quality of the first ground based station.
  • the aircraft will switch over to communicate with the second ground based station, either on own volition of the aircraft or on instructions of the first ground based station.
  • the second ground based station can be notified of the switching over by the first ground based station or by the aircraft without loss of generality.
  • the processor will continue to measure the flight state of the aircraft and switch over when the aircraft has reached a steady flight state. However, if the signal coming in from the first ground based station has dropped to below an acceptable level, the aircraft will switch to communicate with the second ground based station even though the aircraft is in a transitory flight state.
  • the aircraft will begin seeking for radio signals coming from a ground based station in the neighborhood of the first ground based station when the signal quality of signals coming in from the first ground based station has gradually dropped or deteriorated to a threshold level such that there is a risk that the communication with the first ground station will terminate any time.
  • the on-board aircraft communications apparatus will look for a second ground based station and will switch over to the second ground based station when the quality of signal coming in from the second ground based station is above the threshold level.
  • the on-board communication apparatus will determine whether the drop is due to an abrupt change of the flight posture, for example, due to turbulence, which results in momentary blockage of the first ground based station from the antenna of the aircraft. As such a drop is only for a very short period of time and is purely transitional, no switching over to the second ground based station will occur as the aircraft will resume its pre-turbulence posture anytime.
  • the flight posture parameters can be processed by the processor in the aircraft communication apparatus of the first ground station or the processor of the on-board communication apparatus.
  • the switching over instruction or notification can be given by the processor in the aircraft communication apparatus of the first ground station or the processor of the on-board communication apparatus.
  • the arrangement of Figure 5 schematically shows an on-board aircraft communication apparatus in radio communication with a ground station based aircraft communication apparatus.
  • the ground station based aircraft communication apparatus has the same functional blocks of that of the on-board aircraft communication apparatus 112 and is adapted for radio communication with the on-board aircraft communication apparatus 112 mounted on the aircraft.
  • the ground station aircraft communication apparatus additionally comprises a switch over measurement request module to notify the aircraft to begin the switch over procedure, an attributes measurement and determination module to process parameters and other date sent from the aircraft to determine whether to switch over, a location server to provide information location of the ground based station and a base station switch over module to inform the second ground based station to take over communication with the aircraft.
  • the on-board aircraft communication apparatus 112 may be connected to a first dedicated module for measuring signal quality of the first ground based station and a second dedicated module for measuring signal quality of the second ground based station to provide the processor of the on-board aircraft communication apparatus 112 for evaluation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un appareil de communication destiné à un avion, qui est conçu pour la communication entre un avion et une station au sol. Cet appareil de communication destiné à un avion comprend un appareil tête RF, un processeur connecté audit appareil tête RF et des instructions lisibles par une machine qui sont exécutables par ledit processeur afin de faire fonctionner l'appareil tête RF et de provoquer la permutation de la communication de manière à ce que l'avion, qui communiquait avec une première station au sol, communique ensuite avec une seconde station au sol, ledit avion étant en communication avec la première station au sol et se préparant à la permutation pour communiquer avec la seconde station au sol au lieu de la première. Le processeur sert à déterminer s'il convient de réaliser la permutation vers la communication avec la seconde station au sol en fonction du résultat de plusieurs mesures de qualité de signal réalisées sur des signaux reçus par l'avion en provenance de la seconde station au sol, et en fonction d'une évaluation portant sur le changement de la position de vol de l'avion.
PCT/CN2011/084239 2011-07-20 2011-12-19 Appareil et procédés de communication destinés à un avion Ceased WO2013010370A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201110203997.7A CN102892163B (zh) 2011-07-20 2011-07-20 高速移动下地空宽带通信的切换方法及系统
CN201110203997.7 2011-07-20

Publications (1)

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WO2013010370A1 true WO2013010370A1 (fr) 2013-01-24

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CN (1) CN102892163B (fr)
WO (1) WO2013010370A1 (fr)

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US9813969B2 (en) 2015-11-03 2017-11-07 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) In-flight cellular communications system coverage of mobile communications equipment located in aircraft
CN107872272A (zh) * 2017-10-11 2018-04-03 上海微小卫星工程中心 星地双光路对地面双站同时指向方法及系统、控制终端
US9954598B2 (en) 2015-11-03 2018-04-24 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) High capacity cellular communications system coverage of airborne mobile communications equipment
US10111152B2 (en) 2015-12-09 2018-10-23 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Cell selection for airborne mobile cellular communications equipment
US10547373B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2020-01-28 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Wireless communication links between airborne and ground-based communications equipment
CN110839262A (zh) * 2018-08-15 2020-02-25 中国移动通信有限公司研究院 小区重选方法、网络侧设备及终端
WO2020167220A1 (fr) * 2019-02-14 2020-08-20 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Nœuds de réseau et procédés associés pour permettre une commutation entre des liaisons d'alimentation pour un nœud de communication aéroporté ou orbital dans un réseau de communication non terrestre
US11564149B2 (en) 2020-11-17 2023-01-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Handover for aerial user equipment served by terrestrial networks
CN118397880A (zh) * 2024-04-10 2024-07-26 空地互联网络科技股份有限公司 一种通用航空运行监控系统
WO2025001448A1 (fr) * 2023-06-27 2025-01-02 中国电信股份有限公司 Procédé et appareil de communication air-sol, dispositif électronique et support de stockage

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CN104053197A (zh) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-17 中国移动通信集团公司 地空长期演进系统中飞机器的切换方法、基站及飞行器
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CN104735738B (zh) * 2015-04-21 2018-03-06 重庆邮电大学 一种gmr‑1卫星移动通信系统中的切换方法
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CN109982363A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2019-07-05 株式会社Ntt都科摩 无线通信方法及相应的通信设备
CN113678475B (zh) * 2019-09-29 2024-02-02 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 小区切换的方法和设备
CN115066842A (zh) * 2020-02-11 2022-09-16 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 非地面通信网络ntn切换方法、设备及存储介质
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EP3109168A3 (fr) * 2014-11-03 2017-05-03 Douglas Allen Schultz Procédé et appareil pour opérations de pilote augmentées de véhicules électriques
US9701398B2 (en) * 2014-11-03 2017-07-11 Douglas Allen SCHULTZ Method and apparatus for augmented pilot operations of fly-by-wire vehicles
US20160124429A1 (en) * 2014-11-03 2016-05-05 Douglas Allen SCHULTZ Method and apparatus for augmented pilot operations of fly-by-wire vehicles
US10667197B2 (en) 2015-11-03 2020-05-26 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) In-flight cellular communications system coverage of mobile communications equipment located in aircraft
US9813969B2 (en) 2015-11-03 2017-11-07 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) In-flight cellular communications system coverage of mobile communications equipment located in aircraft
US9954598B2 (en) 2015-11-03 2018-04-24 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) High capacity cellular communications system coverage of airborne mobile communications equipment
US10111152B2 (en) 2015-12-09 2018-10-23 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Cell selection for airborne mobile cellular communications equipment
US10547373B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2020-01-28 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Wireless communication links between airborne and ground-based communications equipment
CN107872272A (zh) * 2017-10-11 2018-04-03 上海微小卫星工程中心 星地双光路对地面双站同时指向方法及系统、控制终端
CN107872272B (zh) * 2017-10-11 2020-05-05 上海微小卫星工程中心 星地双光路对地面双站同时指向方法及系统、控制终端
CN110839262A (zh) * 2018-08-15 2020-02-25 中国移动通信有限公司研究院 小区重选方法、网络侧设备及终端
CN110839262B (zh) * 2018-08-15 2021-11-19 中国移动通信有限公司研究院 小区重选方法、网络侧设备及终端
WO2020167220A1 (fr) * 2019-02-14 2020-08-20 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Nœuds de réseau et procédés associés pour permettre une commutation entre des liaisons d'alimentation pour un nœud de communication aéroporté ou orbital dans un réseau de communication non terrestre
US11903051B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2024-02-13 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Network nodes and methods therein for enabling a switch between feeder links for an airbourne or orbital communication node in a non-terrestrial communications network
US11564149B2 (en) 2020-11-17 2023-01-24 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Handover for aerial user equipment served by terrestrial networks
US11889404B2 (en) 2020-11-17 2024-01-30 AAT&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Handover for aerial user equipment served by terrestrial networks
WO2025001448A1 (fr) * 2023-06-27 2025-01-02 中国电信股份有限公司 Procédé et appareil de communication air-sol, dispositif électronique et support de stockage
CN118397880A (zh) * 2024-04-10 2024-07-26 空地互联网络科技股份有限公司 一种通用航空运行监控系统

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