WO2013004870A1 - Planta solar - Google Patents
Planta solar Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013004870A1 WO2013004870A1 PCT/ES2012/070480 ES2012070480W WO2013004870A1 WO 2013004870 A1 WO2013004870 A1 WO 2013004870A1 ES 2012070480 W ES2012070480 W ES 2012070480W WO 2013004870 A1 WO2013004870 A1 WO 2013004870A1
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- Prior art keywords
- solar
- plant according
- radiation
- receiver
- light guides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/026—Monolithically integrated components, e.g. waveguides, monitoring photo-detectors, drivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/60—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or compensating for temperature fluctuations
- H10F77/63—Arrangements for cooling directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. heat sinks directly associated with the photovoltaic cells or integrated Peltier elements for active cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/001—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy having photovoltaic cells
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
- F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
- F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
- F03G6/067—Binary cycle plants where the fluid from the solar collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06729—Peculiar transverse fibre profile
- H01S3/06741—Photonic crystal fibre, i.e. the fibre having a photonic bandgap
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/0915—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by incoherent light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
- H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H10F77/45—Wavelength conversion means, e.g. by using luminescent material, fluorescent concentrators or up-conversion arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
- H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H10F77/484—Refractive light-concentrating means, e.g. lenses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
- H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H10F77/488—Reflecting light-concentrating means, e.g. parabolic mirrors or concentrators using total internal reflection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06704—Housings; Packages
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/08059—Constructional details of the reflector, e.g. shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/23—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Definitions
- the present invention can be included within the field of solar technology.
- the object of the invention relates to a solar plant that enables the transformation into electrical or thermal energy of a major part of the received solar spectrum radiation.
- Photovoltaic technology involves converting electromagnetic radiation of the solar spectrum directly through electricity through semiconductor materials using photovoltaic cells. It is a technology that is in continuous development, and has sufficient improvement potential to be able to overcome the solar thermal power plants in efficiency, thanks to the future use of advanced materials. However, it has the disadvantage that it is not manageable and that there is a wavelength range above which the photovoltaic cells are not able to convert all the energy of the photons into electrical energy and below which the excess of energy carried by the photon is lost in the form of heat.
- Thermosolar technology involves heating a heat transfer fluid and generating electricity in a turbine through a Rankine, Brayton, motor cycle
- the tower-type central receiver plants will allow, in the medium term, to improve both efficiency and cost to the rest of commercial technologies in the market of large electricity production plants of the order of tens or few hundred MW .
- the central receptor plants suffer from the so-called cosine effect (effect of diminishing the effective reflective area of the mirror, due to the angle formed by the rays incident with the normal one to said reflective surface), from overflows in the receiver, from losses due to transmissivity and others phenomena that limit its efficiency if we compare it with the potential of photovoltaic technology.
- the solar thermal technology has in its favor, compared to photovoltaic technology, thermal inertia, the possibility of hybridizing and the possibility of storing heat.
- Examples of light guides are traditional optical fibers, liquid light guides and photonic glass fibers (PCFs).
- the intrinsic absorption mechanism due to the material of the fiber itself progress is being made in the development of new materials to manufacture the fibers that increase this window.
- An example is the crystals of ZBLAN and GaLaS.
- the ZBLAN crystal formed by zirconium, barium, lanthanum, aluminum and sodium fluorides
- the GaLaS type crystal also called GLS, which comprises Ga 2 S3 and / or La 2 S3 has a transparency region of wavelengths of 500 nm to 10,000 nm and losses of 0.5 dB / km around 3500 nm.
- Photonic Crystal fibers (PCFs onwards) are being developed since the early 1990s.
- Photonic crystal fibers are silica fibers that have a central (sometimes hollow) core surrounded by a periodic structure of air-filled holes.
- Photonic crystals have a periodic modulation of the refractive index, their period being of the order of the wavelength of the electromagnetic field in the optical range.
- PCFs of the IGF type from the English “Index Guiding Fibers", guided index fibers
- PBF type from the English “Bandgap Guiding Fibers” forbidden band guided fibers
- PCFs are revolutionizing the world of photonics and data transmission in telecommunications.
- the unusual mechanism of light guidance in PCFs gives them a whole series of unique properties that differentiate them from conventional fibers.
- the chromatic dispersion of These fibers can be adjusted flexibly by the proper design of their geometry, and unattainable values can be obtained with conventional fiber optic technology.
- PCFs can also be used to guide sunlight.
- the material composition not only the material composition but the geometry of the air nanotubes and the width of the bridges between them allow to control the modal properties as well as increase the numerical aperture and absorb more sunlight for the same diameter and the same fiber length .
- the specifications are very specific: high numerical apertures (0.9), maximization of the diameter of the fiber and the power to be transmitted and minimization of losses in dB / km.
- multi-junction photovoltaic cells are currently in continuous development, which are capable of absorbing a part of the spectrum with great efficiency, the more the more layers it contains.
- triple junction cells composed of semiconductors InGaAs, Ge and
- InGaP have current efficiencies in the order of 39%, but there are wavelength ranges in which it is not able to convert photons into electrical energy.
- the photovoltaic technology has its high efficiency in its favor.
- the advanced light guides currently being developed allow numerical apertures of the order of 0.9 to be achieved.
- they have the disadvantage that they are manufactured from materials unable to transmit all the spectral width of the sun with losses - in dB / km - that make this technology viable.
- the window of the solar spectrum that can be guided with satisfactory losses ranges from 1000nm - 1250 nm to an upper limit of 1650 nm, presenting losses of 0.2 dB / km around 1550 nm.
- wavelength converters are used; specifically low wavelength converters (the so-called “down converters”) and high wavelengths (the so-called “up converters”), which allow to transform the radiation of the ultraviolet and / or visible ranges into infrared radiation the first ones, and the infrared in visible and / or ultraviolet radiation the seconds.
- down converters the so-called “down converters”
- up converters the so-called "up converters”
- Solar laser devices which transform a part of the spectrum of sunlight into a laser beam.
- Solar laser devices have the following elements:
- a doped active medium which can be solid, liquid or gas and whose function is to amplify a specific wavelength range as the photons undergo multiple reflections within the cavity and go through it;
- a source of sunlight capable of generating investment of the population in the active environment. That is, light capable of achieving that in said medium there are more atoms in an excited state (atom in a higher mechanical-quantum energy level) than in the lowest energy state, which will allow a large part of the atoms of the system emit light under conditions called stimulated.
- both the resonator and the active medium of the solar laser are cylindrical and reflective mirrors are placed at their ends.
- the solar laser devices found in the literature are illuminated laterally by concentrated sunlight using CPC concentrators (Compound Parabolic Concentrator).
- the first reflective mirror of the cavity is adapted to be highly reflective in the oscillation wavelength of the laser and its surroundings. Only in this area this mirror has high reflectivity.
- This transmitted light is, in itself, the laser light that leaves the device.
- the photons are trapped in the resonator, moving from one mirror to another and being amplified by the active medium. From the laser device the fraction of the laser light that lets out the output mirror depends on its transmissivity in the oscillation wavelength of the laser.
- the solar laser therefore, has a cavity between both mirrors that It favors the reflection of photons that are reflected alternately in each of the mirrors and that are amplified each time they pass through the active medium. If the amplification is high enough to overcome the losses, what is commonly called a threshold condition, a single photon can be amplified several orders of magnitude to produce a very high number of coherent photons trapped inside the resonator. If the photons come and go between the mirrors for a sufficiently long period of time, the laser will reach a permanent regime.
- the pumping of solar energy to the laser can be produced both by the lateral side of the laser and longitudinally thereto, that is, by one of the ends, so that the light is injected in the direction of the generated laser beam.
- the solar laser can transform a part of the incoming solar spectrum into an outgoing laser beam at a given wavelength.
- the laser beam can power a PCF transported by the laser itself.
- the substance of the active medium has an absorption spectrum that does not have to match its emission spectrum.
- the laser can, therefore, be pumped by light of a wavelength range different from the wavelength range in which it is emitting.
- Double-coated PCF laser devices are also known in the state of the art, in which the active medium is made by doping the core of the PCF fiber.
- the first coating has a slightly lower refractive index than the core and is designed to guide in single mode the laser radiation generated inside the core and the second coating contains the microstructure formed by air tubes separated a typical distance by way of classical PCF and with section in the form of D or another.
- This type of PCF allows very high numerical openings. From all of the above it follows that the efficiency of transforming solar energy into electricity as well as the manageability with the current means is manifestly improvable and that, in addition, it is possible to make more efficient use of the width of the solar spectrum (ultraviolet, visible and near infrared) .
- the invention object of this patent proposes to develop hybrid photovoltaic - solar thermal plants with a series of characteristics that allow to use, on the one hand, the photovoltaic technology to transform with high efficiency a part of the solar spectrum into electrical energy and, on the other, the solar thermal, under the principle of light guidance to take advantage of the rest of the spectrum.
- the present invention solves the technical problem posed, by means of a solar plant that makes the most of solar radiation.
- the solar plant of the invention comprises the following elements:
- At least one solar collector with a focus said solar collector adapted to collect solar radiation and concentrate said solar radiation in the focus;
- At least one solar laser device as a solar converter, where the laser device is adapted to receive (directly or indirectly) concentrated radiation from the foci of the collectors and transform said concentrated radiation into laser radiation;
- a receiver adapted to receive radiation from the laser and transform it into thermal energy (by heating a heat transfer fluid) or directly into electrical energy taking advantage of the photoelectric effect; and / or a solar reactor adapted to obtain solar fuel, such as: hydrogen directly from water at temperatures up to 2000 ° C by using third substances (Zinc or others) or alternative processes (lS lodine sulfure); ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen; or any other solar fuel.
- solar fuel such as: hydrogen directly from water at temperatures up to 2000 ° C by using third substances (Zinc or others) or alternative processes (lS lodine sulfure); ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen; or any other solar fuel.
- the laser device can receive radiation directly from the collector foci, or the installation can incorporate a photovoltaic cell that receives the concentrated radiation from the collector foci, so that it transforms into electrical energy a part of said radiation and is transparent to the part that does not transform, allowing that part that does not transform to pass to the laser device.
- the solar plant of the invention stands out because by inserting a laser device between the collectors and the receiver, the transformation of almost all the radiation captured by the collectors is guaranteed. Additionally, as is known, a beam of light always presents a divergence, due to the diffraction phenomenon.
- a beam emitted by a laser device (a laser beam) of diameter D has the characteristic that it reaches the theoretical minimum semidivergence imposed by diffraction (diffraction limited beam), which is of the order of ⁇ / D where ⁇ is the wavelength of operation of the laser device.
- the solar collectors can be of any known type, both of the traditional type (paraboloid-type disk collectors, Fresnel lens type collectors), and of the type of advanced collectors, made based on anidolic optics (non-imager).
- the collectors are preferably associated with two-axis solar trackers pointing to the sun without cosine effect, so that each solar collector can either have its individual solar tracking device or, at least one tracking device may exist, associated with its corresponding heliostat, on which a plurality of collectors are mounted.
- the invention additionally incorporates flexible light guides that receive the laser beams and transmit them to the receiver.
- the light guides used can be of any of the many different types and technologies available.
- the following types of light guides can be used:
- the numerical opening of the guides is preferably compatible, at least partially, with the opening of the photovoltaic cell, the laser and the solar collectors.
- the invention can additionally incorporate lenses to multiplex the radiation contained in the guides, or reconcentrate the laser beams if they are transmitted directly through the atmosphere in order to optimize the irradiance incident on the receiver.
- the light guides can be divided into several groups and each of said groups can be multiplexed into a combined guide.
- the invention may additionally incorporate reconcentrators just before the receiver for the same purpose of optimizing the irradiance incident therein.
- the light guides can, advantageously, be directed towards the receiver so that the light guides whose first ends are arranged in adjacent locations do not impact on adjacent locations of the receiver.
- the incident radiation on a certain area of the receiver does not come from the same area of collectors, so the effects of some collectors are eventually shadowed and a more uniform incidence is obtained over the receiver tubes.
- What has just been explained can be implemented both in the case that the light guides are directed directly towards the receiver, as well as in the case that lenses are available to multiplex the light guides in combined guides, according to the minus one of the options selected from the following non-exhaustive list:
- the combined guides include light guides from different collector areas.
- the present invention is applicable to whatever type of receiver is compatible with the use of concentration collectors and, where appropriate, light guides.
- tube receivers arranged vertically, through which a heat transfer fluid circulates are preferred.
- the receiver tubes can be arranged in one or several rows, the arrangement in more than one row being overlapped with the overlapping tubes so that the radiation necessarily falls on a tube.
- the tubes may or may not be enclosed in housings subjected to vacuum, the individual or common housings being for a plurality of tubes.
- the tubes may be provided with anti-reflective coatings.
- the guides make the radiation influence the tubes in a normal manner to the surface of said tubes, preferably from the two opposite directions, to avoid thermal stresses in the tubes.
- the plant of the invention can additionally incorporate at least one photovoltaic cell (preferably, a plurality), arranged in the foci of the collectors, and interspersed between the collectors and the laser devices, to transform part of the solar spectrum into electrical energy, where said photovoltaic cells are transparent to the solar radiation that they do not transform, allowing said radiation to pass The laser device.
- the photovoltaic cells preferably, a plurality
- electrical energy can be obtained with greater efficiency to supply some devices of the installation, such as laser devices or, where appropriate, other consumptions of the installation or even for sale to the net.
- the invention allows the use of photovoltaic cells of different technologies, although, for each particular plant, the performance is optimal if the different components (collectors, guides, photovoltaic cells, laser device / s) are selected in a rational manner depending on the conditioning factors of the plant and the optical characteristics of the elements.
- HCPV cells from the "High Concentration Photovoltaic Cells” high concentration photovoltaic cells
- multi-junction the so-called multi-junction.
- the laser device is adapted to concentrate, in a laser beam of wavelength compatible with the optimum operating range of the light guides, the concentrated radiation that, directly or through the photovoltaic cell, comes from the collector foci.
- a part of the solar radiation is transformed into electrical energy by the photovoltaic cell, another part transformed by the laser device to be guided by the light guide to a receiver of a solar thermal or photovoltaic nature, to achieve an advantage Optimum of the solar spectrum.
- the invention is adapted for any type of laser, although the installation needs will advise the use of a specific laser for each case, also depending, among other things, on the optical characteristics of the rest of the elements (collectors, guides, cells photovoltaic)
- a laser device usually comprises a resonator, an amplifier with a doped active medium; and a light source capable of generating population investment in the active environment.
- laser devices with liquid, gaseous or solid doped active medium can be used, as well as laser devices with both lateral and longitudinal pumping can be used, the latter being preferred because, among other things, it ensures :
- the plant of the invention may additionally include storage means for accumulating energy.
- the storage means are related to the other elements of the installation: thus, for example, the storage means may comprise at least one selected from:
- the heat transfer fluid of the receiver tubes is water that feeds a steam turbine according to a Rankine cycle, or so that the heat transfer fluid is a liquid salt that heats, through of an exchanger, water for the same purpose;
- the plant of the invention may include a steam turbine, a gas turbine, a Stirling engine, a micro turbine, an AMTEC element (from Alkali-metal thermal to electric converter) , alkali-metal type thermal to electrical converter), or photovoltaic cells of the multi-union, single-union, organic, inorganic type.
- an AMTEC element from Alkali-metal thermal to electric converter
- alkali-metal type thermal to electrical converter alkali-metal type thermal to electrical converter
- the solar plant of the invention allows transforming solar energy into electricity with yields higher than those of current solar energy utilization plants in a manageable way and efficiently taking advantage of the width of the solar spectrum (ultraviolet, visible and near infrared).
- Figure 2.- Shows an operating scheme of the first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 3 Shows an operating scheme of the second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 Shows an operating scheme of the third embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 5. Shows a top view of the plant of the invention, according to the third embodiment.
- Figure 6 Shows a top detail view of a part of the plant of the invention according to the first embodiment.
- the invention refers to a solar plant for obtaining energy (20) (see figure 5) from solar radiation, with optimum use of the solar spectrum.
- the resulting light beam of a first lens-type concentrating device (31) has a certain divergence.
- the divergence associated with said first concentrating devices (31) is linked to the concentration they reach.
- the Etendue conservation theorem explains this phenomenon.
- n 1 ⁇ A - sin 1 ⁇ / ⁇ cte, where n is the refractive index of the medium, A the area of the element, belonging to the first concentrating device (31), on which it is concentrated, and ⁇ the angle of divergence of the rays at the exit of the lens.
- the solar plant in a first preferred embodiment of the invention, It comprises the following elements, as seen in Figures 2 and 6:
- a receiver (1) adapted to receive radiation from the light guides (8) through a few second ends (not shown), opposite the first ends, and using said radiation to heat a heat transfer fluid (not shown) or transmit it to a photoelectric sensor (not shown); and / or a solar reactor (21) adapted to obtain a solar fuel.
- the invention additionally incorporates flexible light guides (8) that transmit the light from the laser devices to the receiver, as shown in Figure 3.
- a third preferred embodiment of the invention which is shown schematically in Figures 4 and 5, at the centers of the collectors (1 1) concentrators, at least one photovoltaic cell (18) will be placed to transform into electrical energy (I) the radiation concentrated in the foci, said photovoltaic cell (18) is transparent to those wavelengths of the solar spectrum that it is not capable of transforming into electrical energy (I).
- multi-junction HCPV photovoltaic cells (18) are used, but single-junction, organic or inorganic photovoltaic cells (18) can also be used.
- the photovoltaic cells (18) are interspersed between the collectors (1 1) and the laser device (10), such that the radiation coming from the foci that is not transformed by the photovoltaic cell (18) will reach the laser device (10 ) after crossing said photovoltaic cell (18).
- the laser device (10) will transform said wavelengths into one or several suitable wavelengths so that it can be transmitted by light guides (8) over long distances to a receiver (1), which can be a solar thermal or photovoltaic receiver (another photovoltaic cell, not represented, for example).
- photovoltaic cells (18) are compatible with any of the two embodiments explained above.
- light guides (8) of high numerical aperture are selected, even more preferably, of a numerical aperture close to 0.9, where said numerical aperture is as compatible as possible with the opening of the photovoltaic cell of the solar laser and the collectors solar.
- the plant incorporates lenses (14) to combine (multiplex) the radiation of at least one set of light guides (8) into at least one combined guide (15).
- combined guides (15) can be combined with each other, etc.
- the light guides (8) are directed directly towards the solar thermal receiver (1) so that the light guides (8) of the same block (17) do not all go to the same area of the receiver (1), but instead in each zone of the receiver (1), the light guides (8) adjacent to those coming from the same block (17) come from remote blocks (17);
- the light guides (8) of the same block (17) are multiplexed into combined guides (15), and said combined guides (15) corresponding to adjacent blocks (17) are in turn affected on non-contiguous areas of the receiver (one ); Y
- the present invention is applicable for whatever type of receiver (1) compatible with the use of collectors (1 1) of concentration and, where appropriate, light guides (8), in the case of solar thermal receivers, receptors (1) of absorber tubes (not shown) arranged vertically, through which a heat transfer fluid circulates, are preferred.
- the receiver absorber tubes (1) can be arranged in one or several rows, the arrangement in more than one row with the overlapping tubes being preferred so that the radiation necessarily falls on a tube.
- the tubes may or may not be enclosed in transparent containers subjected to vacuum, the containers may be either individually for each absorber tube, or there may be one or more containers that are common for a plurality of absorber tubes.
- the tubes may be provided with anti-reflective coatings.
- the light guides (8) preferably make the radiation influence the absorber tubes in a normal manner to the surface of said absorber tubes, from two opposite directions, to avoid thermal stresses in said absorber tubes.
- the invention can work with any type of laser device (10), although a longitudinal pumping laser device (10) is preferred.
- the plant of the invention also includes storage means (16) for accumulating energy, for example, in the event that the solar irradiance exceeds the nominal value, or to be able to use energy stored in periods of low (or zero) radiation, such as cloudy, nights, etc.
- the plant of the invention may additionally include transformation means (not shown) to transform the thermal energy of the receiver into electrical energy, such as a steam turbine, a gas turbine, a Stirling engine, a micro turbine, or an AMTEC element .
- transformation means (not shown) to transform the thermal energy of the receiver into electrical energy, such as a steam turbine, a gas turbine, a Stirling engine, a micro turbine, or an AMTEC element .
- the storage means (16) are related to the transformation means, so that the storage means can be selected from:
- the receiver is a solar thermal receiver adapted to heat a heat transfer fluid and the transformation means are gas turbines;
- thermosolar type adapted to heat a heat transfer fluid which is a salt to be used in a steam turbine according to a Rankine cycle.
- the storage means (16) can store energy from the guides (8, 15) or the receiver (1), just as the solar reactor (21) can receive energy from the guides ( 8, 15). Additionally, pipes (25) are arranged to transport heat transfer fluid from the receiver (1) to the transformation means or to some place of use (not shown). Pipes (25) are also arranged to transport heat transfer fluid from the receiver (1) to the storage means (16) and also from said storage means (16) to the receiver (1).
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12808194.0A EP2731210A4 (en) | 2011-07-05 | 2012-06-28 | SOLAR SYSTEM |
| US14/130,591 US20140202522A1 (en) | 2011-07-05 | 2012-06-28 | Solar plant |
| MX2014000175A MX2014000175A (es) | 2011-07-05 | 2012-06-28 | Planta solar. |
| CN201280033246.8A CN103703636A (zh) | 2011-07-05 | 2012-06-28 | 太阳能装置 |
| ZA2014/00154A ZA201400154B (en) | 2011-07-05 | 2014-01-08 | Solar plant |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ESP201131142 | 2011-07-05 | ||
| ES201131142A ES2396103B1 (es) | 2011-07-05 | 2011-07-05 | Planta solar. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2013004870A1 true WO2013004870A1 (es) | 2013-01-10 |
Family
ID=47436565
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2012/070480 Ceased WO2013004870A1 (es) | 2011-07-05 | 2012-06-28 | Planta solar |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20140202522A1 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP2731210A4 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN103703636A (es) |
| CL (1) | CL2013003719A1 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2396103B1 (es) |
| MX (1) | MX2014000175A (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2013004870A1 (es) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201400154B (es) |
Cited By (1)
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| TWI733395B (zh) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-07-11 | 國立陽明交通大學 | 陣列型之太陽激發式固態雷射系統 |
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| CN104979475A (zh) * | 2014-08-25 | 2015-10-14 | 徐州工程学院 | 一体化自持复合光电板和其工作方法以及光电板阵列 |
| CN104467629B (zh) * | 2014-11-14 | 2018-01-12 | 万卫东 | 一种多功能全天候全波段太阳能发电系统及其应用 |
| US10473923B2 (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-11-12 | Apple Inc. | Focal region optical elements for high-performance optical scanners |
| US10393407B1 (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2019-08-27 | Orenko Limited | Heat transfer and thermal storage apparatus |
| US10578795B1 (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2020-03-03 | Orenko Limited | Light collection housing |
| US10483906B1 (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2019-11-19 | Orenko Limited | Photovoltaic solar conversion |
| CN111555105B (zh) * | 2020-05-26 | 2025-04-22 | 王旭 | 一种太阳能泵浦和驱动的激光器系统 |
| JP2021197847A (ja) * | 2020-06-16 | 2021-12-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 多接合型太陽電池を用いた非接触光給電方法とそのための光給電用投光装置 |
| CN112260052B (zh) * | 2020-10-19 | 2024-01-26 | 江苏师范大学 | 一种具有高效激光补偿能力的太阳光泵浦固体激光器 |
| DE202022000360U1 (de) * | 2022-02-12 | 2022-04-11 | Wolfram G. Baisch | Ein Absorber-Energie-Kraftwerksystem zur Erzielung von E- Stromenergie, unter Prämisse essenzieller Nachhaltigkeit und Klimaneutralität. |
| US12222137B2 (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2025-02-11 | Sol Energia Inc. | Thermal energy storage systems and methods |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103703636A (zh) | 2014-04-02 |
| ES2396103A1 (es) | 2013-02-19 |
| ES2396103B1 (es) | 2014-01-30 |
| EP2731210A1 (en) | 2014-05-14 |
| EP2731210A4 (en) | 2015-07-22 |
| ZA201400154B (en) | 2015-06-24 |
| US20140202522A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
| CL2013003719A1 (es) | 2014-08-08 |
| MX2014000175A (es) | 2014-05-14 |
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