WO2013093927A1

WO2013093927A1 - Three dimensional dental implants

Info

Publication number: WO2013093927A1
Application number: PCT/IN2012/000123
Authority: WO
Inventors: Guatam MADAN
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-12-19
Filing date: 2012-02-22
Publication date: 2013-06-27
Anticipated expiration: 2014-06-19

Abstract

The metal plate(1) is extended from the palatal part(2) of the alveolus over the alveolar crest to extend on the buccal side up till the zygomatic buttress(4) in case of maxilla; and from buccal part(8) over the alveolar crest to the lingual part(9) of the bone in case of mandible. The metal plate(1) is moulded as per the shape of the part of bone where it is placed. This plate(1) is fixed on the palatal side(2)( in maxilla)/ lingual side(9)(in mandible) as first point, and second point is fixed on the alveolar crest and end point is fixed on the zygomatic buttress(4) (in maxilla)/ buccal bone(8)(in mandible) by one or two screws(5) of titanium. This way, the plate(1) is fixed at three points in three separate directions so, it gives more stability to the plate(1). Then the abutment(3) is fixed at the abutment attachment(6) on the plate(1).

Description

Field of the Invention

The present invention more particularly relates to the field of dentistry and it can be potentially used application in the field of the orthopaedic and plastic surgery.

Background of the Invention

As a result of disease or injury, many people suffer from a loss of permanent teeth. In severe cases, the surrounding oral tissue may be damaged as well. The loss of permanent teeth frequently limits the person's ability to chew food and also affects the facial appearance. To fill the gap left by the lost teeth and to improve the person's ability to chew food, a dental prosthesis is given.

A dental prosthesis is a treatment for recovering or improving function of a lost or damaged tooth. Dental prostheses are of various types including a partial, or complete denture, a dental bridge, a dental implant, and the like.

Denture- Partial or Complete: A denture is removable dental prosthesis. A partial denture is given for one or more but not all missing teeth in the jaw. Partial dentures rely partly on existing teeth for support; therefore, some preparation of existing teeth is necessary. Partial dentures rely partly on the dental ridges where teeth are missing. The advantage of partial dentures is the relatively short time in which teeth can be replaced using this method. However, wearing a removable appliance is objectionable to many- patients. Furthermore, patients may find it difficult to chew while wearing a partial denture. Because partial dentures rely on teeth for support, early wear or loss of these teeth may occur due to excess forces applied to the teeth. Pressure applied to the alveolar ridges may cause accelerated atrophy of bone.

When a patient loses all the teeth in either the upper or lower arch a complete denture is usually worn. One advantage is that a denture can be fabricated to immediately replace teeth if they need to be removed. However, this results in a major adjustment to function such as chewing and speaking. A patient also has to adjust psychologically due to the possibility that the denture may become displaced during function. Furthermore, pressure applied to the alveolar ridges may cause accelerated atrophy of the jaw bones. In fact, in severe cases of atrophy, a denture may not fit at all due to the loss of supporting structures. Overall this is a removable prosthesis and it is not very satisfactory in atrophic maxilla or mandible cases. The denture has to take support from the alveolar bone, but the alveolar bone has resorbed, so the fitting is not good and full function is not restored Dental Bridge

Dental bridge is a dental prosthesis which takes support from adjacent natural teeth to form a fixed structure to replace lost teeth. The key component for a dental bridge is presence of at least one natural strong tooth on each side of the missing tooth/ teeth.

There are many cases in which a natural strong tooth is available on only one side of the missing tooth/ teeth. In such a case a- dental bridge is not possible. The life of dental bridges is limited, and it is often noted that decay and gum problems occur in the teeth supporting the bridge.

In case of atrophic maxilla or mandible a dental bridge is not possible.

Dental Implants:

Dental implants replace missing teeth and the design of a dental implant is based on the structure of a natural tooth. A natural tooth is one piece commonly described as having two main parts: One part is the crown that sits above the gums. The second part is a root that sits securely in your jawbone. A dental implant treatment may involve several pieces. However, it may also be described as having two main parts. One part is a restoration that is custom fabricated to match the shape of a natural tooth crown. The second part is the implant that replaces the function of a natural tooth root. Implants are made of titanium or titanium alloy. Unlike most materials, our body normally accepts titanium without infection or rejection.

The main disadvantage of dental implants is the amount of time it takes to complete dental implant treatment. Treatment time can range between one month and six months. If a reconstructive surgery such as bone grafting is required prior to implant placement, this process may take longer.

The implant restoration is a treatment for replacing a lost tooth by an artificial tooth by installing a fixture in an alveolar bone and fitting the artificial tooth on an abutment combined with the fixture.

However, installing the fixture is difficult when there is alveolar bone atrophy, or when the location where the fixture is to be installed is close to a mandibular nerve or a maxillary sinus.

Therefore, for the atrophic maxilla and mandible the following are various techniques currently performed to aid the installation of the fixture.

Zygomatic Implants: This implant involves placing a long end osseous implant by drilling through the maxilla perforating through the maxillary sinus and then anchoring the screw in the zygomatic bone. Such implants techniques are so complex, have a high risk, and need long performance time. In such types of techniques risk of injury to adjacent structure, that is orbit, orbital contents, facial nerve, lacrimal apparatus, infra-orbital nerve, risk of post-operative sinusitis through less then that of sinus lift and fixture failure. In this implant, surgical access is also very difficult and it requires deep sedation or general anaesthesia.

Advanced surgical procedures: In these types of procedure marking an entry into the sinus and lifting the sinus membrane thus creating space where bone grafting is done. Implants may or may not be placed at the same time. This is technically very difficult producer and involves high chances of failure. In this techniques complication of the sinus lift predominant consist of perforated sinus membrane, disturbed wound healing, hematoma, sequestration of bone and transient maxillary sinusitis. Another drawback of the sinus lift procedure is the time consuming, it required to wait for at least four months before placing an implant or in cases where implant is placed at the time of sinus lift wait for four months before loading the implant.

Other procedures: Similarly other procedures such as ridge split ridge expansion alveolar distraction, block bone grafting involve technically demanding surgery should be performed only by well trained surgeons capable of dealing with the surgical situation of complication that might arise.

Subperiosteal Implants : They consist of framework cast of surgical grade cobalt chromium- molybdenum alloy to which are attached from 4-6 per mucosal abutments. Atop these protrusion into the oral cavity may be prosthestic abutments to serve as retainers for fixed bridge prosthesis or retentive bars. The above stated technique the cast structure just lies on the bone taking passive support, so there is no osseo-integration only fibrous integration. This technique involves two surgical procedures; one is for the taking of an impression of the underlying bone, necessitating a surgical procedure and subsequent procedure to place the metal casting. In this technique due to bone resorption progression, frameworks do not fit the underlying bone after some time. It is also very common for infections to track down the implant post causing infection in the underlying bone and exposure of the metal casting.

To overcome the above stated limitation of different techniques of dental implant especially in the atrophic maxilla and mandible, the present invented. Object of the Invention:

The present invention is a dental implant for maxilla as well as mandible. It utilizes the advantages of the subperiosteal implant and the endosseous implant and at the same time it overcomes the limitation of the subperiosteal and endosseous implants.

In the present invented implant, implant is fixed where bone is and the abutment is where the tooth should be, which is beneficial in the case of atrophic maxilla and mandible where the amount of bone is very less and the conventional methods of providing a dental prosthesis are not satisfactory.

In the present invented implant, the titanium plate is moulded from the buccal to the lingual in case of mandible and from palatal to zygomatic in case of maxilla and fixed at three points in three different directions to give it more stability from three points.

The present invented implant is cost effective and very easy to use from point of view of surgeon as well as patient, compared to the above stated dental implants. Detailed description of drawings:

With the above and other objects in view which will become apparent from the following detailed description, some preferred forms of the invention are shown in the drawings in which:

Fig.l represents the prospective view of titanium plate.

Fig.2 represents the extended view of titanium plate from alveolus over the alveolar crest to extend on the buccal side up till the zygomatic buttress in case of maxilla. Fig.3 represents the moulded shape of titanium plate with abutment attachment in case of maxilla.

Fig.4 represents the extended view of titanium plate from buccal side of mandible to extend over the alveolus to the lingual side above the attachment of the mylohyoid, in case of the mandible.

Fig.5 represents the moulded shape of titanium plate with abutment attachment in case of mandible.

Detailed description of the invention

Before explaining the present invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of the construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The invention is capable of other embodiments, as depicted in different figures as described above and of being practiced or carried out in a variety of ways. It is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.

As shown in Fig.l, the present invented implant consists of plate of titanium or titanium alloy (1). This is not a continuous plate of metal but a framework with holes for screws. As shown in Fig.2 , the metal plate is extend from the palatal part(2) of the alveolus over the alveolar crest (where the tooth has to be replaced) to extend on the buccal side up till the zygomatic buttress(4). As shown in Fig.2, the plate is moulded as per the shape of the part of bone where it is placed. This plate(l) is first fixed on the palatal side(2) by one or two screws(5) of titanium, then this plate(l) is fixed on the alveolar crest by one or two screws(5) of titanium and the extended end of the plate is fixed on the zygomatic buttress (4) by one or two screws (5) of titanium. This way, the plate is fixed at three points in three separate directions so, it gives more stability to the plate. Then the abutment (3) is fixed at the abutment attachment on the plate. In Fig.3 represents the moulded shape of titanium plate with abutment attachment in case of maxilla. In Fig.4 represents the extended view of titanium plate from buccal side (8) of mandible to extend over the alveolus to the lingual side (9) above the attachment of the mylohyoid and occlusal screw (10) is provided under the abutment attachment (6), in case of the mandible. The moulded shape of titanium plate (1) with abutment attachment in case of mandible is seen in Fig.5.

Summary of the Invention:

The present invented implant consists of plate of titanium or titanium alloy. This is not a continuous plate of metal but a framework with holes for screws. The plate is useful in the maxilla as well as the mandible. In the maxilla, the metal plate is extend from the palatal part of the alveolus over the alveolar crest (where the tooth has to be replaced) to extend on the buccal side up till the zygomatic buttress. The metal plate is moulded as per the shape of the part of bone where it is placed. This plate is first fixed on the palatal side by one or two screws of titanium, then this plate is fixed on the alveolar crest by one or two screws of titanium and the extended end of the plate is fixed on the zygomatic buttress by one or two screws of titanium. This way, the plate is fixed at three points in three separate directions so, it gives more stability to the plate. Then the abutment is fixed at the abutment attachment on the plate. This way the implant is fixed where the bone is and the abutment is where the tooth should be. This is beneficial in the case of atrophic maxilla where maxillary bone is very less. Similarly in the mandible the titanium plate is moulded from the buccal to the lingual and fixed at three points in three directions to give three dimensions stability.

Claims

I Claim :

1. Three dimensional^' dental implant consists with plate of titanium or titanium alloy, titanium screws and abutment

wherein in the maxilla the titanium plate is extend from the palatal part of the alveolus over the alveolar crest to extend on the buccal side up till the zygomatic buttress;

wherein the titanium plate is fixed on the palatal side by one or two screw of titanium as first point,

wherein the titanium plate is fixed on the alveolar crest by one or two screw of titanium as second medial point,

wherein the extended end of the titanium plate is fixed on the zygomatic buttress by one or two screws of titanium as end point; wherein in the mandible the titanium plate is extended from the buccal part of the bone over the alveolar crest to the lingual part wherein the plate is fixed in the buccal bone by one or two screws as first point of fixation

wherein the plate is fixed in the alveolar crest by one or two screws as the second point of fixation

wherein the plate is fixed in the lingual bone by one or two screws as the third point of fixation;

wherein for the maxilla as well as the mandible the abutment is fixed at the abutment attachment on the plate.

2. Three dimensional dental implant as claimed in claiml wherein the titanium plate is not a continuous plate of metal but a framework with holes for screws.

3. Three dimensional dental implant as claimed in claim 1 wherein the titanium plate is moulded as per the shape of the part of bone where it is placed.

4. Three dimensional dental implant as claimed in claim 1 wherein implant is fixed where the bone is and the abutment is where the tooth should be.

5. Three dimensional dental implant as claimed in claim 1 wherein the titanium plate is moulded from the buccal to the lingual and fixed at three points in three different directions to give three dimension stability.

6. Three dimensional dental implant substantially herein described with reference to the foregoing description and figures.

Dated : 15^th December, 2011