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WO2013091267A1 - 一种电动车窗防夹传感器及方法 - Google Patents

一种电动车窗防夹传感器及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013091267A1
WO2013091267A1 PCT/CN2012/000100 CN2012000100W WO2013091267A1 WO 2013091267 A1 WO2013091267 A1 WO 2013091267A1 CN 2012000100 W CN2012000100 W CN 2012000100W WO 2013091267 A1 WO2013091267 A1 WO 2013091267A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capacitor
auxiliary
detecting
main
window glass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2012/000100
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙滕谌
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AUTOEASY ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Original Assignee
AUTOEASY ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AUTOEASY ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd filed Critical AUTOEASY ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority to JP2014547667A priority Critical patent/JP2015507709A/ja
Priority to KR1020147019680A priority patent/KR20140113950A/ko
Priority to EP12858908.2A priority patent/EP2796309A4/en
Publication of WO2013091267A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013091267A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/08—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at vehicle sides
    • B60J1/12—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at vehicle sides adjustable
    • B60J1/16—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at vehicle sides adjustable slidable
    • B60J1/17—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at vehicle sides adjustable slidable vertically
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/40—Safety devices, e.g. detection of obstructions or end positions
    • E05F15/42—Detection using safety edges
    • E05F15/46—Detection using safety edges responsive to changes in electrical capacitance
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2800/00—Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • E05Y2800/20—Combinations of elements
    • E05Y2800/21—Combinations of elements of identical elements, e.g. of identical compression springs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/50—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
    • E05Y2900/53—Type of wing
    • E05Y2900/55—Windows

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an anti-pinch sensor for an electric window in an automobile, and to a method for anti-trapping of an electric window.
  • the first category Indirect measurement of pressure sensing technology
  • test product can be carefully calibrated for the test vehicle so that the anti-pinch force meets the requirements of Regulation 100N, but the inconsistency of the electrical parameters of the motor, the inconsistency of the friction of the rubber seal, the window frame and the lifting
  • the influence of factors such as the inconsistency of the mechanical structure it is difficult to ensure that the anti-clamping force of the batch products meets the consistency of the regulatory requirements.
  • the rubber seal is affected by the environmental temperature, the hardness changes, the aging deformation, the wear and tear of the lifting mechanical structure, the deformation of the window frame and other factors cause friction or pressure changes, which may lead to the following two types of anti-pinch system. Misjudgment of faults: (1) If normal friction or pressure is reduced, when the gripping force of the obstacle reaches or exceeds 100N, the anti-pinch device may mistakenly believe that it has not yet reached 100N without reverse acting, thus causing the human body (2) If the normal friction or pressure increases to more than 100 inches as required by the regulations, the anti-pinch device may be mishandled without any obstacles, resulting in the window not rising properly.
  • the above-mentioned indirect measurement pressure sensing technology Due to the aging of the rubber sealing strip or the change of the hardness caused by the temperature change and the change of the frictional force of the sealing strip, the above-mentioned indirect measurement pressure sensing technology also has the defects, and the installation method of the pressure transducer is complicated and the cost is high. Therefore, this technology has not been adopted by the automobile front loading market.
  • the third category Photoelectric measurement obstacle sensing technology
  • Infrared light is used to form an infrared light curtain in the window frame.
  • an obstruction blocks the infrared light curtain, the received infrared light intensity changes, and non-contact anti-pinch can be achieved.
  • the disadvantage is that infrared light is easily affected by bad weather such as rain, fog, dust, etc.
  • the formation of infrared light curtain requires multiple pairs of infrared transmitting and receiving devices, which is difficult to install and costly. Therefore, although European and American regulations specifically set standards for infrared light technology, this technology has not yet been applied to the automotive front-loading market.
  • the fourth category capacitive measurement of human proximity sensing technology
  • the basic principle of capacitive measurement of human proximity sensing technology is to change the dielectric constant of the capacitor when the human body is close to the capacitor electrode, and the capacitance is proportional to the dielectric constant. Therefore, the degree of proximity of the human body can be perceived depending on the change in capacitance.
  • the existing capacitive anti-pinch sensing technology is divided into the following two according to the setting position of the capacitor electrode.
  • Patent US6377009 adopts narrow pulse-to-capacitor charging and discharging method to reduce interference from external factors such as moisture. At the same time, it cooperates with position sensor and motor current detecting circuit to use adaptive algorithm to correct system deviation caused by slow variation factors such as material aging and deformation.
  • This type of method uses a detection electrode that is screen printed on the upper portion of the glass to detect a conductive object (e.g., US4453112, domestic patent application number 200610060104. 7), and at the same time cooperates with a position detecting circuit to record the position-capacitance curve under normal conditions. When the position capacitance exceeds a certain threshold, the window motor is controlled to drive the window to descend.
  • a conductive object e.g., US4453112, domestic patent application number 200610060104. 7
  • the open detection electrode cannot determine the orientation of the object. Since the electric field line surrounds the detecting electrode, the detection system is judged to be inaccurate when encountering an electric conductor that is close to the side, such as the head of the occupant, or when holding the armrest on the side.
  • Electrodes installed in the sealing strip may be deformed due to stress caused by rubber aging, temperature change, improper assembly, door deformation, etc., and interference signal detection.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art described above, and to provide an electric window anti-pinch sensor which can realize zero clamping force anti-pinch, strong anti-interference and accurate detection.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art described above, and to provide an electric window anti-clamping method capable of achieving zero clamping force and anti-interference.
  • an electric window anti-pinch sensor includes at least two capacitance and sensor detecting circuits disposed along a surface of a window glass, wherein a capacitor located at an uppermost portion constitutes a main detecting capacitor C1, and a capacitor at a lower portion constitutes an auxiliary device.
  • the detecting capacitor C2, the main detecting capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2 are used as sensitive elements to measure whether a limb of the human body approaches or contacts the upper edge of the window glass, and the main detecting capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2
  • the sensor detecting circuit generates a control for controlling the action of the electric window lifting motor according to the detected change signal of the main detecting capacitor and the auxiliary detecting capacitor, because the capacitance change signal generated by the human body is transmitted to the sensor detecting circuit. signal.
  • An electric window anti-pinch sensor further has the following subsidiary technical features: At least three capacitor electrodes distributed in a strip shape are arranged in parallel at a certain interval along the same surface of the window glass, and the adjacent capacitor electrodes respectively constitute the main detecting capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2.
  • One surface of the upper edge of the window glass is provided with one common electrode, the other surface is provided with two electrodes distributed up and down, the upper electrode and the common electrode of the other surface constitute the main detecting capacitor C1, and the lower electrode of the other surface is shared with The electrode constitutes the auxiliary detection capacitor C2.
  • the distance between the main detecting capacitor C1 and the top wall of the window glass is 0-5 mm
  • the distance between the main detecting capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2 is 2 -10 ⁇
  • the width of the electrode is 1 mm _ 8 mm.
  • the sensor detection circuit includes an excitation signal generator, at least two analog filter circuits, an analog to digital conversion circuit, and a microcontroller, and the excitation signal generator is respectively connected to the main detection capacitor and the auxiliary detection capacitor One of the electrodes, the main detection capacitor and the other electrode of the auxiliary detection capacitor are respectively connected to the analog filter circuit, and the change signals of the main detection capacitor and the auxiliary detection capacitor are passed through the analog-to-digital conversion circuit. Converted into digital signals, respectively, the microcontroller generates a control signal for controlling the electric window lift motor through a software algorithm according to the received digital signal.
  • Each of the analog filter circuits includes at least one series filter capacitor in series with the main sense capacitor or the auxiliary sense capacitor.
  • Each of the analog filter circuits includes at least one parallel filter connected in parallel with the ground.
  • the excitation signal generator and the main detection capacitor include at least one grounded parallel filter capacitor C7.
  • the excitation signal generator and the The auxiliary detection capacitors include at least one grounded parallel filter capacitor C8.
  • the electrode leads on the inner surface of the window glass and the electrode leads on the outer surface are respectively located on the left and right sides of the window glass; or at least one of the electrode leads on the window glass is on one side, and the rest on the other side.
  • the length of the electrode covers at least the position where the window glass is likely to pinch the human body.
  • the electrode is covered with an insulating layer.
  • Each of the electrodes is formed by a plurality of electrode plates connected in series; or each of the electrodes is a fold line junction.
  • the electrodes are bonded, printed, mounted or etched on the window glass.
  • a power window anti-pinch detection method is provided with a pair of main detecting capacitors disposed on a window glass, and at least one pair of auxiliary detecting capacitors disposed under the main detecting capacitor;
  • the capacitance change of the main detecting capacitor is significantly larger than the capacitance change of the auxiliary detecting capacitor, as a judgment condition that the human body approaches the upper edge of the window glass;
  • the sensor detecting circuit receives the main detecting capacitor and the auxiliary detecting capacitor.
  • the capacitance change signal is judged based on the above judgment condition, and a control signal is generated.
  • the electric window anti-pinch detection method provided by the invention further has the following subsidiary technical features:
  • the change is basically equal; if the human body approaches the side of the window glass from the lower side of the auxiliary detection capacitor, since the distance of the human body from the auxiliary detection capacitor is smaller than the main detection capacitance, the capacitance change of the auxiliary detection capacitance caused by this is significantly larger than that of the main detection capacitor.
  • the capacity changes as a condition for the human body to approach the direction along the window glass.
  • the change in capacitance of the main detection capacitor and the auxiliary detection capacitor is basically the same as the elimination of the above environmental change factors. Judging conditions for the impact.
  • An excitation signal generator inputs an excitation signal to the main detection capacitor and the auxiliary detection capacitor. After the excitation signal is changed by the main detection capacitor and the auxiliary detection capacitor, the excitation signal is input into an analog filter circuit connected thereto, and each excitation signal is passed through an analog filter circuit. After processing, it is transmitted to an analog-to-digital conversion circuit.
  • the analog-to-digital conversion circuit converts the analog signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the microcontroller.
  • the microcontroller performs a differential operation based on each converted digital signal to generate a control signal.
  • the power window anti-pinch sensor provided by the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: Since the two electrodes of the main detecting capacitor C1 are closer to the upper edge of the glass, the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2 The distance between the two electrodes is far from the upper edge of the glass.
  • the amount of change of the main detection capacitor C1 will be much larger than Auxiliary detection of the amount of change in the capacitance C2; and first, the change in the dielectric constant of the glass due to the temperature change has almost the same effect on the main detection capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detection capacitor C2; the second rain attached to the side of the window glass
  • the effects of fog and snow on the main detection capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detection capacitor C2 are also substantially equal.
  • the main detecting capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2 caused by changes in external limbs such as temperature, rain, fog, snow, etc., can be distinguished, thereby overcoming Various types of capacitive and infrared photoelectric electric window anti-pinch sensors are susceptible to misjudgment caused by temperature changes, bad weather changes such as rain or fog, aging deformation of window seal rubber strips, and window frame deformation. problem.
  • the influence on the main detecting capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2 is also substantially equal, and when the human limb approaches the window glass auxiliary detecting capacitor C2 from the side.
  • the influence on the auxiliary detection capacitor C2 will be much greater than the influence on the main detection capacitor C1, thereby distinguishing the direction or region where the human body approaches or contacts the window glass, thereby overcoming various existing capacitive power windows.
  • the problem of misjudgment caused by the lack of direction selectivity of the sensitive area of the anti-pinch sensor.
  • the method does not need to measure the pressure, and can realize the zero-clamping anti-pinch, thereby fundamentally preventing the damage that the electric window may cause to the human body; the method is advantageous for realization, and is suitable for popularization and application.
  • the anti-pinch sensor provided by the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the anti-pinch sensor provided by the invention is based on measuring the change of capacitance caused by the approach of the human body, and has nothing to do with the pressure, and can realize the zero-clamp anti-pinch, thereby fundamentally ensuring the safety of the human body;
  • the anti-pinch sensor provided by the invention overcomes the inconsistency of product performance due to the frictional inconsistency of the sealing rubber strip and the inconsistency of the processing and installation inconsistency of the window frame and the lifting mechanical structure, and is convenient for mass production;
  • the anti-pinch sensor provided by the invention eliminates the product failure which is easily caused by the aging deformation of the sealing rubber strip and the aging deformation of the window frame and the lifting machine, so that the reliability and safety of the product are higher;
  • the anti-pinch sensor provided by the invention has simple process and low material cost, and has obvious cost advantages.
  • the anti-pinch sensor provided by the invention has the following advantages:
  • the anti-pinch sensor provided by the present invention eliminates product failures easily caused by bad weather such as rain, fog, dust, etc., and makes the product more reliable and safer;
  • the anti-pinch sensor provided by the invention has simple process, low material cost and obvious cost advantage.
  • the anti-pinch sensor provided by the invention has the following advantages:
  • the anti-pinch sensor provided by the invention can effectively overcome the product failure easily caused by the influence of external environment changes such as temperature, rain, fog, snow, etc. on the capacitive sensor, so that the reliability and safety of the product are higher; (2) The anti-pinch sensor provided by the invention effectively solves the problem of anti-pinch malfunction caused by the poor selectivity of the sensing region of the existing capacitive sensor, and the performance and reliability of the product are higher;
  • the anti-pinch sensor provided by the invention has a simple process and is more convenient for mass production.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a capacitor electrode disposed on the inner surface of a window glass of the present invention.
  • 2 is a schematic view of a capacitor electrode disposed on an outer surface of a window glass of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a capacitor electrode disposed on the inner and outer surfaces of the window glass of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the electric field distribution of the capacitor electrode disposed on the inner and outer surfaces of the window glass without the human body approaching condition.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the electric field distribution of the present invention disposed between two pairs of capacitor electrodes on the upper and lower sides of the window glass in the absence of human body proximity.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the electric field distribution of the capacitor electrode disposed on the inner and outer surfaces of the window glass under the human body approaching condition.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic illustration of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a capacitor electrode according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing the electric field distribution of the electrode of Fig. 9.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing a first embodiment of the shape of a capacitor electrode in the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing a second embodiment of the shape of the capacitor electrode in the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing a third embodiment of the shape of the capacitor electrode in the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of the outer surface of the first embodiment of the electrode lead of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view of the inner surface of the first embodiment of the electrode lead of the present invention.
  • Schematic diagram 17 of the outer surface of the second embodiment is a schematic view of the inner surface of the second embodiment of the electrode lead in the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the outer surface of the third embodiment of the electrode lead in the present invention.
  • a schematic view 20 of the inner surface of the third embodiment of the course of the middle electrode lead is a schematic view of a fourth embodiment of the capacitor electrode of the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic view showing the electric field distribution of the fourth embodiment of the capacitor electrode of the present invention.
  • Fig. 22 is a view showing the electric field distribution under the human proximity condition of the fourth embodiment of the capacitor electrode of the present invention.
  • Figure 23 is a schematic view showing the lead wire of the fourth embodiment of the capacitor electrode of the present invention.
  • Figure 24 is a circuit diagram showing a fourth embodiment of a capacitor electrode in the present invention.
  • Figure 25 is a schematic view showing a fifth embodiment of the capacitor electrode of the present invention.
  • the measurement principle of the present invention is as follows: The basic principle of the capacitor is: if the edge effect of the capacitor is not considered, the uniform dielectric capacitor is charged.
  • ⁇ is the dielectric constant of the interplate dielectric
  • ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
  • ⁇ 0 8. 854-10-12F/m
  • ⁇ r is the relative of the medium The dielectric constant of the vacuum, the relative dielectric constant erl of the air, the other medium e r >l
  • S is the area of the plate
  • d is the spacing of the plates.
  • the capacitance C changes as a result of the measured change causing a change in the parameters ⁇ , S, d of the capacitive sensor.
  • the measuring principle of the present invention is shown in Fig. 4.
  • the electrode 1 and the electrode 2 constitute a main detecting capacitor C1
  • the electrode 3 and the electrode 4 constitute an auxiliary detecting capacitor C2.
  • the main detecting capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detecting The medium between the capacitors C2 is composed of two parts: one part is the glass between the two plates of the capacitor, and the other part is the air near the two plates of the capacitor, so the dielectric constant of the main detecting capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2 is The average dielectric constant of the two-part medium.
  • the dielectric constant of air is about 1, the dielectric constant of glass is about 4, the node constant of water is about 80, and the water content of human body is as high as 70%, and the dielectric constant of human body is about 60. If the human body is close to the window When the upper edge of the glass is in the 14 direction, the average dielectric constant of the main detecting capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2 will be significantly increased, but since the distance from the main detecting capacitor C1 of the human body is relatively close to the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2, Therefore, the capacitance change of the main detecting capacitor C1 is significantly larger than the capacitance change of the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2; if the human body approaches the main detecting capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2 from the side of the window glass 13, the human body is separated from the main detecting capacitor C1 and the auxiliary The distance between the detection capacitor C2 is not much different, and the main detection capacitor C1 is caused thereby.
  • the capacitance change of the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2 is substantially equal; if the human body approaches the side of the window glass 13 from the lower side of the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2, the auxiliary detecting capacitor is caused by the distance of the human body from the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2 being smaller than the main detecting capacitor C1.
  • the change in capacitance of C2 is significantly greater than the change in capacitance of the main sense capacitor C1.
  • the capacitance changes of the main detecting capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2 caused by environmental factors such as rain, fog, and snow adhered to the window glass are substantially equal, thereby eliminating the above environment. The impact of changing factors.
  • a power window anti-pinch sensor includes two pairs of strips arranged in parallel at a symmetrical position of the inner and outer surfaces of the upper edge 14 of the window glass.
  • Capacitor electrodes 1, 2, 3, 4 and a sensor detecting circuit wherein a pair of the electrodes 1 and 2 located at the uppermost portion constitute a main detecting capacitor C1, and a pair of the electrodes 3 and 4 located at the lower portion constitute an auxiliary detecting capacitor C2, the main detecting capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2 are used as sensitive elements to measure whether a limb of a human body approaches or contacts the upper edge 14 of the window glass, and the main detecting capacitor and the auxiliary detecting capacitor are close to the human body.
  • the generated capacitance change signal is transmitted to the sensor detecting circuit, and the sensor detecting circuit generates a control signal for controlling the action of the power window lifting motor according to the detected change signal of the main detecting capacitor and the auxiliary detecting capacitor.
  • the electrodes of the present invention may also be provided in pairs, such as three or four pairs. But the top of the pair of electrodes is the main detection Capacitors, others constitute auxiliary sense capacitors.
  • the main detection capacitor in the present invention is the most sensitive capacitor located above the window glass 13.
  • the auxiliary detection capacitor is mainly provided for eliminating interference or determining the direction, that is, the difference between the main detection capacitor and the auxiliary detection capacitor. The operation obtains a control signal.
  • the upper edge of the window glass referred to in the present invention refers to the side on which the window glass is exposed, and may also be referred to as the side in the direction in which the glass advances, that is, it may be caught in a person's position.
  • the window glass for the door refers to the edge of the top of the glass, while the upper edge of the sunroof glass refers to the front edge of the glass, which is a position that can be clipped to a person.
  • the distance between the main detecting capacitor C1 and the top wall of the window glass 13 is 0-5 mm, and the preferred solution is 0-2 mm, and the specific value may be selected as lmm. 2mm, 3 ⁇ , etc.
  • the distance between the main detecting capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2 is 2mm-10 ⁇ , preferably 2mm-4mm, and the specific values may be 2mm, 3mm, 4 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 7 ⁇ and 9 ⁇ .
  • the width of the electrode is from 1 mm to 8 mm, and the preferred embodiment is from 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • the specific values may be selected from 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm.
  • the above size range can better meet the needs of the present invention, because the main detecting capacitor C1 is too far from the top wall of the window glass, which affects the detection accuracy.
  • the distance between the main detecting capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2 is too large, which affects the synchronous sensing of the interference signals, thereby affecting the detection accuracy.
  • the width of the electrode makes the capacitance magnetic field formed better and more reasonable, and can meet the measurement needs of the present invention.
  • the length of the electrode at least covers the position where the window glass 13 may pinch the human body, thereby preventing the window glass from being
  • the dead angle on the glass the range generally refers to the end of the window glass in the forward direction.
  • the electrode is covered with an insulating layer 9, which functions as a protection, and at the same time, can further eliminate interference and prevent wear.
  • the sensor detection circuit includes an excitation signal generator 22, two analog filter circuits 18, 19, an analog to digital conversion circuit 23, and a microcontroller 24.
  • the excitation signal generator 22 is respectively connected to one of the main detecting capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2, and the other detecting electrodes C1 and the other detecting electrodes C2 are respectively connected to the other electrodes 2 and 4 respectively.
  • the microcontroller 24 Accessing the analog filter circuits 18, 19, and converting the change signals of the main detection capacitor and the auxiliary detection capacitor into digital signals by the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 23, respectively, the microcontroller 24 receives the The digital signal generates a control signal that controls the electric window lift motor 25 through a software algorithm.
  • the analog filter circuit of the present invention sets the same number of paths as the main detection capacitor and the auxiliary detection capacitor, that is, each detection capacitor is provided with an analog filter circuit, and the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 23 is a multi-channel analog-to-digital conversion circuit. It is the same as the number of analog filter circuits, that is, analog-to-digital conversion is performed for each analog filter circuit.
  • the excitation signal generator 22 of the present invention is capable of generating an excitation signal, which may be a sine wave, a square wave or the like.
  • the analog filter circuits 18, 19 are capable of pre-processing the analog signals to enable analog to digital conversion.
  • the analog to digital conversion circuit 23 converts the analog signal into a digital signal.
  • the microcontroller 24 processes the digital signal to generate a control signal that can be directly driven by the motor of the power window or transmitted to the onboard computer and controlled by the onboard computer.
  • the excitation signal generator 22, the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 23, and the microcontroller 24 can all be implemented by a relatively mature integrated circuit, and the schematic diagram thereof will not be described herein.
  • the analog filter circuit 18, 19 The composition is as shown in the figure. Of course, the specific structure can be modified as appropriate according to the actual situation, but its main function is to realize the pre-processing of the analog signal so that it can satisfy the digital-to-analog conversion.
  • each of the analog filter circuits 18, 19 includes at least one series filter capacitor C3 connected in series with the main detection capacitor C1 or the auxiliary detection capacitor C2. And C4. That is, a series filter capacitor C3 is connected in series with the analog filter circuit 18 connected to the main detection capacitor C1, and a series filter capacitor C4 is connected in series with the analog filter circuit 19 connected to the auxiliary detection capacitor C2. Its role is to suppress low frequency interference signals and slow change signals caused by temperature changes.
  • each of the analog filter circuits 18, 19 includes at least one parallel filter capacitor C5 and C6 connected in parallel. Its role is to bypass high frequency interference signals.
  • the excitation signal generator and the main detection capacitor include at least one grounded parallel filter capacitor C7, the excitation signal generator and the auxiliary detection. At least one grounded parallel filter capacitor C8 is included between the capacitors. Its role is to bypass the high frequency interference signal on the excitation signal.
  • elongated electrodes 1 and 2 are respectively disposed at symmetrical positions on the inner and outer surfaces of the glass as close as possible to the upper edge of the window glass.
  • the width is the same, the degree should cover the upper edge 14 of the window glass 13 and it is possible to pinch any position of the human body.
  • the electrodes 1 and 2 form the main detecting capacitor C1, and the electrode 1 is led from the right side of the glass through the wire 5 provided on the inner surface of the glass.
  • the electrode 2 is led from the left side of the glass to the vicinity of the lower edge 15 of the glass by a wire 6; within the glass 3 mm below the electrodes 1 and 2,
  • the outer surface symmetric positions are respectively provided with elongated electrodes 3 and 4, the elongated electrodes 3 and 4 have the same width, the electrodes 3 and 4 should be kept parallel with the electrodes 1 and 2, respectively, and the electrodes 3 and 4 form the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2, the electrodes 3 is led from the right side of the glass to the vicinity of the lower edge 15 of the glass by a wire 7 provided on the inner surface of the glass, and the electrode 4 is led from the left side of the glass to the vicinity of the lower edge 15 of the glass by the wire 8.
  • the measuring principle of the present invention is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the square wave excitation signal generated by the excitation signal generator 22 (the excitation signal may be a square wave or a sine wave) respectively applies an excitation signal to the main detection capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detection capacitor C2, and the main detection is performed.
  • the signals outputted by the other end of the capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2 are respectively filtered by the respective analog filter circuits 18, 19 and filtered, and then converted into digital signals by the two-channel analog-to-digital conversion circuit 23, and the converted two digital signals simultaneously enter.
  • the basic control strategy of the anti-slip software algorithm is: first, when receiving the signal of the raised glass switch, first determine whether the human body approaches or touches the upper edge 14 of the window glass, and if so, prohibits the motor from starting; second, if When the window glass 13 is rising, it is judged that suddenly the human body approaches or touches the upper edge 14 of the window glass, and the motor is immediately reversed, so that the glass is immediately lowered to the bottom.
  • the software implements the above control strategy to achieve zero clamping force clamping.
  • the electrodes 1, 2, 3, 4 and the wires 5, 6, 7, 8 which constitute the main detecting capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2 are printed on the inner and outer surfaces of the window glass 13 by the silver screen printing process, respectively.
  • the width of the electrodes 1, 2, 3, 4 is 2 ⁇
  • the width of the wires 5, 6, 7, 8 is 1 ⁇
  • the electrode 1, 5 ⁇ The distance between the electrodes and the electrodes 3, 4, respectively, the distance between the electrodes 1, 2 from the upper edge of the window is 0. 5 ⁇ .
  • the screen printing process is used to screen a layer of insulating layer 9 made of ink on the electrodes 1, 2, 3, 4 and the wires 5, 6, 7, 8.
  • the purpose of the silk screen insulating ink is to prevent the electrodes from being short-circuited when there is rain.
  • the screen printed electrode is integrated into the surface of the window glass 13 by a high temperature baking process to improve the adhesion and friction resistance of the electrode and the insulating layer.
  • the sensor detecting circuit 32 is mounted near the lower edge 15 of the window glass 13 to be connected to the window lift motor through the output control signal of the telescopic wire 33 sensor detecting circuit.
  • the electrodes 1, 2, 3, 4 and the wires 5, 6, 7, 8 of the present invention may also be disposed by a process such as pasting, etching, inlaying, printing, etc., and the material of the electrodes may be any conductive material.
  • FIG. 16 and Fig. 17 another lead pattern of the electrode lead of the present invention is shown. At least one of the electrode leads on the window glass 13 is located on one side, and the rest is on the other side.
  • the outer surface electrode lead of the main detecting capacitor is located on the right side
  • the inner surface electrode lead is located on the lower left side
  • the outer surface of the auxiliary detecting capacitor and the inner surface electrode lead are located on the lower left side. Of course, it can also be on the right side, see Figure 14 and Figure 15.
  • FIG. 18 and 19 there is shown another lead pattern of the electrode lead of the present invention, that is, all of the electrode leads can be drawn on the same side of the window glass 13. In order to provide the quality of the signal transmission, shielding can be performed at the leads.
  • each of the electrodes is formed by a plurality of electrode plates connected in series.
  • each of the electrodes is a polygonal line structure which is similar to the structure of a city wall and may of course be a curved line.
  • one surface of the upper edge 14 of the window glass is provided with a common electrode, and the other surface is provided with two electrodes distributed up and down, and the other surface.
  • the upper electrode and the common electrode constitute the main detecting capacitor, and the lower electrode and the common electrode of the other surface constitute the auxiliary detecting capacitor.
  • two capacitors can be formed by providing three electrodes, wherein the common electrode is connected to the excitation signal generator, and the excitation signal is input.
  • the capacitor electrode 13 is provided with at least three elongated strips of capacitance on the same surface of the window 13 at a certain interval.
  • the adjacent capacitor electrode for three electrodes, refers to electrode 1 and electrode 2, electrode 2 and electrode 3, wherein electrode 2 is a common electrode; for four electrodes, as shown in FIG.
  • the capacitor electrodes are 1, 2, 3, 4, and the electrode 1 and the electrode 2, the electrode 3 and the electrode 4 constitute a so-called adjacent capacitor electrode.
  • the uppermost two adjacent electrodes constitute the main detecting capacitor C1, and the remaining adjacent electrodes in the lower portion may form a plurality of pairs of the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2. Therefore, the adjacent capacitor electrodes herein mainly refer to adjacent electrodes to form a required detection capacitor, and for a plurality of electrodes, a suitable electrode can be selected to form a corresponding detection capacitor.
  • the main difference between this embodiment and the foregoing embodiment is that all the capacitor electrodes are disposed on the same surface of the window glass. This arrangement facilitates the direct processing of the capacitor electrode on the window glass, which makes the processing process simpler and more convenient. When used later, only need to pass The sensor detection circuit is connected to the electrode to complete the installation. In this embodiment, the capacitor electrode is mounted on the inner surface of the window glass.
  • the lead wires 15 of the capacitor electrodes are respectively located on both sides of the same surface of the window glass, so that mutual interference can be reduced.
  • the circuit schematic of the present embodiment is provided for three capacitor electrodes.
  • the circuit schematic diagram is mainly different from the circuit schematic diagram shown in FIG. 7 in that the excitation signal generator 22 is only connected to the common electrode, and the other The structure is identical to the embodiment of FIG.
  • a pair of main detecting capacitors C1 are disposed on the upper edge 14 of the window glass 13, and at least one pair of auxiliary detecting capacitors C2 are disposed under the main detecting capacitor C1.
  • the capacitance change of the main detecting capacitor C1 is significantly larger than the capacitance change of the auxiliary detecting capacitor C2, as the vicinity of the upper edge 14 of the human body approaching the window glass 13.
  • the judgment condition of the sensor detecting circuit receives the capacitance change signal of the main detecting capacitor and the auxiliary detecting capacitor, and judges according to the above-mentioned judgment condition to generate a control signal.
  • the invention mainly utilizes the differential operation of two detecting capacitors to determine whether the human body is close to the upper edge of the window glass or other external interference. Thereby, the problem that the capacitor is used as a detector in the prior art is easily overcome.
  • the capacity change is basically equal; if the human body approaches the side of the window glass 13 from the lower side of the auxiliary detection capacitor, since the distance of the human body from the auxiliary detection capacitor is smaller than the main detection capacitance, the capacitance change of the auxiliary detection capacitance caused by the human body may be changed.
  • the change in capacitance greater than the main detection capacitance is used as a judgment condition for the human body to approach the upper edge 14 direction of the window glass 13.
  • the change in the environmental change is basically eliminated. Judgment conditions for the effects caused.
  • the two detection capacitors can be synchronously interfered by environmental factors, and the capacitance changes are basically the same, thereby eliminating interference from environmental factors. This is also a problem that has been difficult to overcome in the prior art, and is also a major problem with such sensors.
  • an excitation signal generator 22 inputs an excitation signal to the main detection capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detection capacitor C2, and the excitation signal is changed by the main detection capacitor C1 and the auxiliary detection capacitor C2.
  • each of the excitation signals is processed by the analog filter circuit and then transmitted to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 23.
  • the analog-to-digital conversion circuit 23 converts the analog signal into a digital signal and transmits it to the micro-control.
  • the microcontroller 24 performs a differential operation based on each of the converted digital signals to generate a control signal.
  • the specific composition and working principle can be referred to the embodiment of the sensor.

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Abstract

一种电动车窗防夹传感器，包括在车窗玻璃上沿表面设置至少两个电容和传感器检测电路，其中位于最上部的电容构成主检测电容，位于下部的电容构成辅助检测电容，所述主检测电容和所述辅助检测电容作为敏感元件以测量是否有人体的肢体接近或接触车窗玻璃的上沿，所述主检测电容和所述辅助检测电容由于人体接近产生的电容量变化信号传输到所述传感器检测电路，所述传感器检测电路依据检测到的所述主检测电容和所述辅助检测电容的变化信号产生控制电动车窗升降电机动作的控制信号。该传感器结构简单，能够实现现有基于测量升降电机电流和测量车窗玻璃升降位置的方法形成的防夹传感器所无法实现的零夹力防夹功能。

Description

一种电动车窗防夹传感器及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于汽车中电动车窗的防夹传感器，还涉及到电 动车窗防夹的方法。
背景技术
目前，全球大部分汽车均配备了电动车窗，但电动车窗在升起的 过程中有可能夹住人体的肢体造成对人体特别是对儿童的伤害。 为 此， 美国和欧洲均颁布了法规， 要求电动车窗必须配备防夹装置， 欧 美的法规要求， 电动车窗升起时产生的夹力不得大于 100牛顿， 当夹 力超过 100牛顿时， 防夹装置必须使电动车窗反向运动到对人体安全 的位置。
迄今为止，全球中高档汽车已全部配置了防夹装置，但现有防夹 装置采用的技术存在若干缺陷，仍不能从根本上杜绝电动车窗对人体 的伤害。 现有电动车窗防夹传感技术可以归纳为以下 4类：
第一类： 间接测量压力传感技术类
目前整车前装市场电动车窗防夹产品几乎 100%采用了通过电阻 或霍尔元件测量升降电机电流间接测量压力的传感技术，该技术是利 用当电动车窗在升起的过程中遇到障碍物造成的压力变大引起电机 电流增大的原理，用电机电流的变化间接推算压力的变化实现防夹目 的。由于车窗升降时受到橡胶密封条的摩擦阻力与车窗升起的位置相 关， 因此， 目前成熟的电动车窗防夹产品通常都采用附加霍尔或光电 位置传感器来测定车窗的位置以辅助计算车窗升降过程中正常压力 值。 上述防夹传感技术存在以下缺陷：
1、 试验产品可以针对试验车辆进行细致的标定使其防夹力满足 法规 100N的要求， 但产品批量生产时由于电机电器参数的不一致性、 橡胶密封条摩擦力的不一致性、车窗框架及升降机械结构的加工不一 致性等因素的影响， 很难保证批量产品防夹力满足法规要求的一致 性。
2、 产品出厂后由于橡胶密封条受环境温度影响硬度发生变化、 老化变形、升降机械结构的磨损变形、车窗框架的变形等因素造成摩 擦力或压力变化容易导致防夹系统出现下述两类误判故障： （1 ) 若 正常摩擦力或压力减小， 当遇到障碍物夹力达到或超过 100N时， 防夹 装置可能会误认为尚未达到 100N而不反向动做，从而造成对人体的伤 害； （2 ) 若正常摩擦力或压力增大到超过法规要求的 100誦寸， 在没 有任何障碍物的情况下， 防夹装置可能产生误动做， 导致车窗无法正 常升起。
除上述基于测量电流变化间接测量压力的技术外，近年来还有人 提出在车窗上边框的密封橡胶条内设置光纤，当橡胶条受到挤压变形 时光纤也会变形，测定通过光纤的激光光束形成的图形的变化可以间 接推算出夹力的大小，但该技术仍会受到橡胶密封条老化变形或由于 温度变化引起的橡胶硬度变化的影响， 同样存在上述缺陷。 在车窗框架上方橡胶密封条处或在车窗玻璃底部直接设置压力 传感器， 直接测量压力的传感技术。 由于橡胶密封条老化或受温度变 化导致硬度变化及密封条摩擦力变化的影响，同样存在上述间接测量 压力传感技术的缺陷， 同时压力转感器的安装方式复杂、 成本偏高。 因此该技术没有被汽车前装市场采用。
第三类： 光电式测量障碍物传感技术类
采用红外光在车窗框架范围内形成红外光幕，当有遮挡物遮挡红 外光幕时， 接收到的红外光强会发生变化， 可以做到非接触式防夹。 其缺点是一方面红外光容易受到雨、 雾、 灰尘等恶劣天气的影响； 另 一方面， 形成红外光幕需要多对红外发射和接收装置， 安装难度大、 成本过高。 因此， 虽然欧美的法规专门为红外光技术制定了标准， 但 此技术至今仍没有被应用于汽车前装市场。
第四类： 电容式测量人体接近传感技术类
电容式测量人体接近传感技术的基本原理是利用人体接近电容 电极时改变了电容介电常数， 而电容量与介电常数成正比。 因此， 依 据电容量的变化可以感知人体接近的程度。
现有电容式防夹传感技术依据电容电极的设置位置分为以下两
1、 在车窗上部密封区域安装电容检测电极
如专利 US6337549、 US6377009 , US7293467 , US20030005775 , US6483054、 US6389752 , US731930K CN200880114004. 5 这类技术使用嵌入玻璃窗上部密封条内的金属电极检测电容变 化。 当导电体靠近检测电极时， 由于电极附近的介电常数发生变化造 成电极间的电容改变实现非接触防夹。 US6337549在密封条内设中空 区域或填充海绵材料增加弹性， 当非导电物体进入防夹区域时， 上升 的车窗夹住非导电体， 夹力使密封条发生形变， 密封条内的检测电极 位移造成电容变化实现有限夹力防夹。 专利 US6377009采用窄脉冲对 电容充放电的方法减少水分等外界因素干扰；同时配合位置传感器和 电机电流检测电路，使用自适应算法修正由于材质老化和变形等缓慢 变化因素造成的系统偏差。
2、 在车窗玻璃上部安装电容检测电极
这类方法使用丝印在玻璃上部的检测电极检测导电物体 （如 US4453112 , 国内专利申请号 200610060104. 7 ) ， 同时配合位置检测 电路， 记录正常状态下位置 -电容曲线。 当某位置电容值超过一定阈 值时控制车窗马达带动车窗下降。
上述现有的电容式防夹方法存在以下缺陷：
( 1 ) 开放式的检测电极无法判断物体的方位。 由于电场线环绕 在检测电极的周围， 遇到侧面靠近的导电体如乘员的头部， 或者手握 侧面的扶手时会使检测系统判断失误。
(2 ) 安装在密封条内的电极会因为橡胶老化、 温度变化、 装配 不当、 车门形变等产生应力而造成变形， 干扰信号检测。
(3 ) 外界温湿度变化会使介电常数发生改变， 对检测电路产生 干扰。 (4 ) 使用带屏蔽层的 （类似同轴电缆） 的检测导线虽然不受外 界环境的影响， 但无法实现非接触防夹， 同时也存在上述第 （2 ) 条 描述的缺陷。
因此， 现有各种电容式防夹技术也未被汽车前装市场采用。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服上述现有技术之不足，提供 一种可以实现零夹力防夹、抗干扰性强、检测准确的电动车窗防夹传 感器。
本发明所要解决的另一技术问题在于克服上述现有技术之不足， 提供一种可以实现零夹力防夹、 抗干扰性强的电动车窗防夹方法。
按照本发明提供的一种电动车窗防夹传感器，包括在车窗玻璃上 沿表面设置至少两个电容和传感器检测电路，其中位于最上部的电容 构成主检测电容 C1 , 位于下部的电容构成辅助检测电容 C2 , 所述主检 测电容 C1和所述辅助检测电容 C2作为敏感元件以测量是否有人体的 肢体接近或接触车窗玻璃的上沿，所述主检测电容 C1和所述辅助检测 电容 C2由于人体接近产生的电容量变化信号传输到所述传感器检测 电路，所述传感器检测电路依据检测到的所述主检测电容和所述辅助 检测电容的变化信号产生控制电动车窗升降电机动作的控制信号。
按照本发明提供的一种电动车窗防夹传感器还具有如下附属技 术特征： 在车窗玻璃上沿的同一表面按一定间距平行设置至少三个呈长 条形分布的电容电极，相邻所述电容电极分别构成所述主检测电容 C1 和所述辅助检测电容 C2。
在所述车窗玻璃上沿的内表面和外表面的对称位置按一定间距 平行设置至少两对长条形分布的电容电极，其中位于最上部的一对所 述电容电极构成所述主检测电容 C1 ,位于下部的其余所述电容电极构 成所述辅助检测电容 C2。
车窗玻璃上沿的一个表面设置一个共用电极，另外一个表面设置 有上下分布的两个电极，另外一个表面的上部电极与共用电极构成所 述主检测电容 C1 ,另外一个表面的下部电极与共用电极构成所述辅助 检测电容 C2。
所述主检测电容 C1距车窗玻璃的顶壁的距离为 0-5mm， 所述主检 测电容 C1与所述辅助检测电容 C2的间距为 2皿-10匪，所述电极的宽度 为 lmm_8mm。
所述传感器检测电路包括一激励信号发生器、至少两路模拟滤波 电路、一模数转换电路和一微控制器， 所述激励信号发生器分别接入 所述主检测电容和所述辅助检测电容的其中一个电极，所述主检测电 容和辅助检测电容的另一个电极分别接入所述模拟滤波电路，并通过 所述模数转换电路将所述主检测电容和所述辅助检测电容的变化信 号分别转换成数字信号，所述微控制器依据接收到的数字信号通过软 件算法产生控制电动车窗升降电机的控制信号。 每路所述模拟滤波电路中至少包含一个与所述主检测电容或所 述辅助检测电容相串联的串联滤波电容。
每路所述模拟滤波电路中至少包含一个对地并联的并联滤波电 所述激励信号发生器与所述主检测电容之间至少包含一个接地 的并联滤波电容 C7 ,所述激励信号发生器与所述辅助检测电容之间至 少包含一个接地的并联滤波电容 C8。
位于车窗玻璃内表面的电极引线和外表面的电极引线分别位于 车窗玻璃的左右两侧；或位于车窗玻璃上的电极引线中至少一条位于 一侧， 其余位于另外一侧。
所述电极的长度至少覆盖车窗玻璃有可能夹住人体的位置。 所述电极的覆盖有绝缘层。
每条所述电极由多个电极板串接而成；或每条所述电极为折线结 所述电极粘结、 印刷、 镶嵌或蚀刻在车窗玻璃上。
按照本发明提供的一种电动车窗防夹检测方法，在车窗玻璃上沿 设置一对主检测电容，在所述主检测电容的下方设置至少一对辅助检 测电容； 基于， 若有人体接近车窗玻璃上沿方向时， 主检测电容的电 容量变化显著大于辅助检测电容的电容量变化，作为有人体接近车窗 玻璃上沿附近的判断条件；传感器检测电路接收主检测电容和辅助检 测电容的电容量变化信号， 依据上述判断条件进行判断， 产生控制信 号。 按照本发明提供的一种电动车窗防夹检测方法还具有如下附属 技术特征：
基于，若当人体从车窗玻璃侧面接近主检测电容和辅助检测电容 时， 由于人体距主检测电容和辅助检测电容的距离差别不大， 由此引 起的主检测电容和辅助检测电容的电容量变化基本相等；若人体从辅 助检测电容的下方接近车窗玻璃侧面， 由于人体距辅助检测电容的距 离小于主检测电容， 由此引起的辅助检测电容的电容量变化会显著大 于主检测电容的电容量变化，作为人体接近车窗玻璃上沿方向的判断 条件。
基于， 由温度变化或附着在车窗玻璃上的雨水、 雾水、 雪水、 电 磁干扰环境因素引起的主检测电容和辅助检测电容的电容量变化基 本是相等的， 作为消除上述环境变化因素引起的影响的判断条件。
一激励信号发生器向主检测电容和辅助检测电容输入一激励信 号， 激励信号经过主检测电容和辅助检测电容产生变化后， 输入与其 相连接的模拟滤波电路中，每路激励信号经模拟滤波电路处理后传输 到模数转换电路，模数转换电路将模拟信号转换成数字信号后传输至 微控制器中， 微控制器根据转换后的每路数字信号进行差分运算， 产 生控制信号。
按照本发明提供的电动车窗防夹传感器与现有技术相比具有如 下优点： 本发明由于所述主检测电容 C1的两个电极距玻璃的上沿较 近， 而所述辅助检测电容 C2的两个电极距玻璃上沿的距离较远， 当人 体肢体接近或接触玻璃上沿时，引起主检测电容 C1的变化量将远大于 辅助检测电容 C2的变化量； 而第一， 对于温度变化导致的玻璃介电常 数的变化对主检测电容 C1和辅助检测电容 C2的影响几乎是相等的；第 二附着在车窗玻璃侧面的雨、雾、雪对主检测电容 C1和辅助检测电容 C2的影响也基本是相等的。 由此， 就可以依据主检测电容 C1和辅助检 测电容 C2变化量的比例区分人体肢体和温度、 雨、 雾、 雪等外界环境 因素变化引起的主检测电容 C1和辅助检测电容 C2变化，从而克服现有 各种电容式和红外光电式电动车窗防夹传感器容易受到温度变化、雨 或雾等恶劣天气变化、车窗密封橡胶条老化变形、车窗框架变形等环 境变化干扰而导致的误判问题。 同理， 当人体肢体从侧面接近车窗玻 璃上沿附近时，对主检测电容 C1和辅助检测电容 C2的影响也是基本相 等的， 而当人体肢体从侧面接近车窗玻璃辅助检测电容 C2以下区域 时，对辅助检测电容 C2的影响将远大于对主检测电容 C1的影响，据此， 可以区分人体肢体接近或接触车窗玻璃的方向或区域，从而可以克服 现有各种电容式电动车窗防夹传感器敏感区域方向选择性不强导致 的误判问题。
本方法无需测量压力，可以实现零夹力防夹，从根本上杜绝电动 车窗可能对人体造成的伤害； 本方法利于实现， 适合推广应用。
1、 与现有基于直接或间接压力测量技术的防夹传感器相比， 本 发明提供的防夹传感器有以下优点：
( 1 ) 本发明提供的防夹传感器基于测量人体接近引起的电容变 化， 与压力无关， 可以实现零夹力防夹， 从根本上保证人体的安全； (2) 本发明提供的防夹传感器克服了由于受到密封橡胶条摩擦 力不一致性和车窗框架及升降机械结构加工、安装不一致性的影响而 导致的产品性能不一致性， 便于批量生产；
(3) 本发明提供的防夹传感器杜绝了由于受到密封橡胶条老化 变形和车窗框架及升降机械老化变形的影响而容易导致的产品故障， 使得产品的可靠性和安全性更高；
(4) 本发明提供的防夹传感器， 工艺简单、 材料成本低廉， 具 有明显的成本优势。
2、与现有基于红外光测量的防夹传感器相比，本发明提供的防 夹传感器有以下优点：
(1) 本发明提供的防夹传感器杜绝了由于受到雨、 雾、 灰尘等 恶劣天气的影响而容易导致的产品故障，使得产品的可靠性和安全性 更高；
(2) 本发明提供的防夹传感器， 工艺简单、 材料成本低廉， 具 有明显的成本优势。
3、 与现有基于电容测量的防夹传感器相比， 本发明提供的防夹 传感器有以下优点：
(1) 本发明提供的防夹传感器可以有效克服温度、 雨、 雾、 雪 等外界环境变化对电容传感器的影响而容易导致的产品故障，使得产 品的可靠性和安全性更高； ( 2 ) 本发明提供的防夹传感器有效地解决了现有电容式传感器 感应区域方向选择性不好而容易导致的防夹误动作问题，使得产品的 性能和可靠性更高；
(3 ) 本发明提供的防夹传感器工艺简单， 更加便于批量生产。 附图说明
图 1是本发明设置在车窗玻璃内表面的电容电极的示意图。 图 2是本发明设置在车窗玻璃外表面的电容电极示意图。
图 3是本发明设置在车窗玻璃内外表面的电容电极剖面示意图。 图 4是本发明设置在车窗玻璃内外表面的电容电极无人体接近条 件下的电场分布示意图。
图 5是本发明设置在车窗玻璃上下两对电容电极之间在无人体接 近条件下的电场分布示意图。
图 6是本发明设置在车窗玻璃内外表面的电容电极有人体接近条 件下的电场分布示意图。
图 7是本发明的电路原理示意图。
图 8是本发明优选实施例的示意图。
图 9是本发明另一种实施例的电容电极示意图。
图 10是图 9的电极的电场分布示意图。
图 11是本发明中电容电极的形状的第一实施例的示意图。
图 12是本发明中电容电极的形状的第二实施例的示意图。
图 13是本发明中电容电极的形状的第三实施例的示意图。 图 14是本发明中电极引线的走向的第一实施例的外表面的示意 图 15是本发明中电极引线的走向的第一实施例的内表面的示意 图 16是本发明中电极引线的走向的第二实施例的外表面的示意 图 17是本发明中电极引线的走向的第二实施例的内表面的示意 图 18是本发明中电极引线的走向的第三实施例的外表面的示意 图 19是本发明中电极引线的走向的第三实施例的内表面的示意 图 20是本发明中电容电极第四实施例的示意图。
图 21是本发明中电容电极第四实施例的电场分布示意图。
图 22是本发明中电容电极第四实施例的有人接近条件下的电场 分布示意图。
图 23是本发明中电容电极第四实施例的引线走向示意图。
图 24是本发明中电容电极第四实施例的电路原理图。
图 25是本发明中电容电极第五实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的测量原理如下： 电容的基本原理是：如不考虑电容的边缘效应均匀介质电容的电
C=£«S/d
式中， ε为极板间介质的介电常数， ε = ε Ο· ε Γ， ε 0为真空中 的介电常数， ε 0=8. 854- 10-12F/m, ε r是介质相对真空的介电常数， 空气的相对介电常数 e r l， 其它介质 e r> l ; S为极板的面积； d为极 板的间距。
由于被测量的变化引起电容式传感器有关参数 ε、 S、 d的变化， 使电容量 C随之变化。
本发明的测量原理如图 4所示， 电极 1和电极 2组成了主检测电容 C1 , 电极 3和电极 4组成了辅助检测电容 C2 , 从电场线分布可以看出， 主检测电容 C1和辅助检测电容 C2之间的介质由两部分组成：一部分是 电容两个极板之间的玻璃， 另一部分是电容两极板附近的空气， 因此 主检测电容 C1和辅助检测电容 C2的介电常数是所述两部分介质的平 均介电常数。 空气的介电常数约为 1、 玻璃的介电常数约为 4， 水的节 点常数约为 80， 而人体的含水量高达 70% , 人体的介电常数约为 60. 若有人体接近车窗玻璃的上沿 14方向时，主检测电容 C1和辅助检测电 容 C2的平均介电常数将显著增大， 但由于人体距检测主检测电容 C1 的距离较近距辅助检测电容 C2的距离较远，因此主检测电容 C1的电容 量变化显著大于辅助检测电容 C2的电容量变化；若当人体从车窗玻璃 13侧面接近主检测电容 C1和辅助检测电容 C2时， 由于人体距主检测电 容 C1和辅助检测电容 C2的距离差别不大， 由此引起的主检测电容 C1 和辅助检测电容 C2的电容量变化基本相等；若人体从辅助检测电容 C2 的下方接近车窗玻璃 13侧面， 由于人体距辅助检测电容 C2的距离小于 主检测电容 C1 , 由此引起的辅助检测电容 C2的电容量变化会显著大于 主检测电容 C1的电容量变化。基于上述讨论可以看出通过主检测电容 C1和辅助检测电容 C2的电容量变化的大小可以判断是否有人体接近 车窗玻璃上沿 14附近， 同时可以准确判断人体接近区域的方向。
另外， 由温度变化或附着在车窗玻璃上的雨水、雾水、雪水等环 境因素引起的主检测电容 C1和辅助检测电容 C2的电容量变化基本是 相等的， 据此， 可以消除上述环境变化因素引起的影响。
在阐述了本发明的发明原理后，下面给出利用本原理对汽车电动 车窗防夹传感器的结构进行阐述。
参见图 1至图 11， 按照本发明提供的一种电动车窗防夹传感器， 包括在车窗玻璃的上沿 14的内表面和外表面的对称位置按一定间距 平行设置的两对长条形电容电极 1、 2、 3、 4和传感器检测电路， 其中 位于最上部的内外一对所述电极 1、 2构成主检测电容 C1 , 位于下部的 内外一对所述电极 3、 4构成辅助检测电容 C2 , 所述主检测电容 C1和所 述辅助检测电容 C2作为敏感元件以测量是否有人体的肢体接近或接 触车窗玻璃的上沿 14，所述主检测电容和所述辅助检测电容由于人体 接近产生的电容量变化信号传输到所述传感器检测电路，所述传感器 检测电路依据检测到的所述主检测电容和所述辅助检测电容的变化 信号产生控制电动车窗升降电机动作的控制信号。本发明中的电极也 可以设置多对， 比如三对或四对。但位于最顶部的一对电极为主检测 电容， 其他的构成辅助检测电容。其中在本发明中所谓的主检测电容 为对位于车窗玻璃 13上方最为敏感的电容，辅助检测电容主要是为了 消除干扰或进行方向判断而设置的，即通过主检测电容与辅助检测电 容的差分运算获得控制信号。当依据主检测电容 C1和辅助检测电容 C2 的变化信号判断出有人体肢体接近或接触车窗玻璃的上沿 14时，无需 检测压力即可控制电机停止或反向运动以实现零夹力防夹的目的。本 发明中所称的车窗玻璃的上沿指的是车窗玻璃露置在外的边，也可以 称为玻璃前进方向的边， 即有可能夹到人的位置。其中对于车门的车 窗玻璃指的是玻璃顶部的边，而对于天窗玻璃的上沿则指的是玻璃的 前部边沿， 该边沿是能够夹到人的位置。
参见图 3， 在本发明给出的上述实施例中， 所述主检测电容 C1距 车窗玻璃 13的顶壁的距离为 0-5mm， 优选方案为 0-2mm， 具体数值可以 选择为 lmm、 2mm、 3匪等。 所述主检测电容 C1与所述辅助检测电容 C2 的间距为 2mm-10匪，优选方案为 2mm-4mm，具体数值可以选为 2mm、 3mm、 4匪， 5匪， 7匪和 9匪等。 所述电极的宽度为 lmm-8mm， 优选方案为 lmm_3mm， 具体数值可以选为 lmm、 2mm、 3mm、 5mm禾口 7mm等。 上述尺寸 范围能够更好的满足本发明的需要，这因为所述主检测电容 C1距离车 窗玻璃的顶壁太远， 则会影响其检测精度。而所述主检测电容 C1与所 述辅助检测电容 C2的间距太大， 则会影响两者对干扰信号的同步感 应， 进而影响其检测精度。而所述电极的宽度则使其形成的电容磁场 分布更好， 也更为合理， 能够满足本发明的测量需要。 所述电极的长 度至少覆盖车窗玻璃 13有可能夹住人体的位置，从而能够防止车窗玻 璃上的死角， 该范围一般是指车窗玻璃前进方向的端部。所述电极的 覆盖有绝缘层 9， 所述绝缘层 9起到保护的作用， 同时， 也能够进一步 的消除干扰， 防止磨损。
参见图 7， 在本发明给出的上述实施例中， 所述传感器检测电路 包括一激励信号发生器 22、 两路模拟滤波电路 18、 19、 一模数转换电 路 23和一微控制器 24，所述激励信号发生器 22分别接入所述主检测电 容 C1和所述辅助检测电容 C2的其中一个电极 1、 3， 所述主检测电容 C1 和辅助检测电容 C2的另一个电极 2、 4分别接入所述模拟滤波电路 18、 19，并通过所述模数转换电路 23将所述主检测电容和所述辅助检测电 容的变化信号分别转换成数字信号，所述微控制器 24依据接收到的数 字信号通过软件算法产生控制电动车窗升降电机 25的控制信号。本发 明中的模拟滤波电路设置的路数与主检测电容和辅助检测电容的数 量相同， 即每个检测电容设置有一路模拟滤波电路， 并且模数转换电 路 23为多道模数转换电路， 其与模拟滤波电路的数量相同， 即分别对 每路的模拟滤波电路进行模数转换。 本发明中的激励信号发生器 22 能够产生激励信号， 该激励信号可以为正弦波、 方波等。所述模拟滤 波电路 18、 19能够对模拟信号进行预处理， 使其能够进行模数转换。 而所述模数转换电路 23则对模拟信号转换成数字信号。 微控制器 24 对数字信号进行处理， 产生控制信号， 控制信号可以直接驱动电动车 窗的电机， 也可以传输至车载电脑中， 由车载电脑控制。所述激励信 号发生器 22、模数转换电路 23和微控制器 24均可以采用较为成熟的集 成电路实现， 对其原理图此处不再赘述。 而所述模拟滤波电路 18、 19 的构成如图中所示， 当然， 也可以根据实际情况， 对其具体结构做适 当修改， 但其主要功能是实现对模拟信号的预处理， 使其能够满足数 模转换。
参见图 7， 在本发明给出的上述实施例中， 每路所述模拟滤波电 路 18、 19中至少包含一个与所述主检测电容 C1或所述辅助检测电容 C2 相串联的串联滤波电容 C3和 C4。即所述主检测电容 C1相连接的所述模 拟滤波电路 18中串联一个串联滤波电容 C3 ,另外一路与所述辅助检测 电容 C2相连接的模拟滤波电路 19中串联一个串联滤波电容 C4。其作用 是抑制低频干扰信号和由温度变化引起的缓慢变化信号。
参见图 7， 在本发明给出的上述实施例中， 每路所述模拟滤波电 路 18、 19中至少包含一个对地并联的并联滤波电容 C5和 C6。其作用是 旁路高频干扰信号。
参见图 7， 在本发明给出的上述实施例中， 所述激励信号发生器 与所述主检测电容之间至少包含一个接地的并联滤波电容 C7 ,所述激 励信号发生器与所述辅助检测电容之间至少包含一个接地的并联滤 波电容 C8。 其作用是旁路激励信号上的高频干扰信号。
如图 1、 图 2和图 3所示， 在尽可能靠近车窗玻璃的上沿 14处玻璃 的内、 外表面对称位置分别设置长条形电极 1和 2， 长条形电极 1和 2 的宽度相同，度应覆盖车窗玻璃 13的上沿 14有可能夹住人体的任何位 置， 电极 1和 2形成主检测电容 C1 , 电极 1通过设置在玻璃内表面的导 线 5从玻璃的右边引到玻璃的下沿 15附近， 电极 2通过导线 6从玻璃的 左边引到玻璃的下沿 15附近； 在距电极 1和 2的下方 3mm处玻璃的内、 外表面对称位置分别设置长条形电极 3和 4，长条形电极 3和 4的宽度相 同， 电极 3和 4应分别与电极 1和 2保持平行， 电极 3和 4形成辅助检测电 容 C2 ,电极 3通过设置在玻璃内表面的导线 7从玻璃的右边引到玻璃的 下沿 15附近， 电极 4通过导线 8从玻璃的左边引到玻璃的下沿 15附近。
本发明的测量原理如图 7所示， 激励信号发生器 22产生的方波激 励信号（激励信号可以是方波或正弦波）分别给主检测电容 C1和辅助 检测电容 C2施加激励信号，主检测电容 C1和辅助检测电容 C2的另一端 输出的信号分别通过各自的模拟滤波电路 18、 19和滤波后， 再通过双 通道模数转换电路 23转换成数字信号，转换后的两路数字信号同时进 入微控制器 24，微控制器 24依据接收到的 C1和辅助检测电容 C2的数字 变化信号， 通过防夹软件算法形成控制升降电机 25的控制信号， 控制 车窗玻璃 13的升降动作。
防夹软件算法的基本控制策略是，第一，在接到升起玻璃开关信 号时， 先判断是否有人体接近或接触车窗玻璃的上沿 14， 若有则禁止 电机启动； 第二， 若车窗玻璃 13正在上升过程中判断出突然有人体接 近或接触车窗玻璃的上沿 14则立即使电机反转， 使玻璃立即下降到 底。 软件实现上述控制策略即可实现零夹力防夹。
以下结合附图说明利用本发明提供的方法制造的零夹力防夹传 感器的优选实施例：
采用银桨丝印的工艺分别在车窗玻璃 13内、外表面上印刷组成主 检测电容 C1和辅助检测电容 C2的电极 1、 2、 3、 4和导线 5、 6、 7、 8。 电极 1、 2、 3、 4的宽度为 2匪， 导线 5、 6、 7、 8的宽度为 1匪， 电极 1、 2与电极 3、 4的间距分别为 3匪，电极 1、 2距车窗上边沿的距离为 0. 5匪。 采用丝印工艺在电极 1、 2、 3、 4和导线 5、 6、 7、 8上再丝印一层由油 墨制成的绝缘层 9， 丝印绝缘油墨的目的是防止有雨水时导致电极间 相互短路。丝印后再采用高温烘烤工艺将丝印的电极融入车窗玻璃 13 表面以提高电极和绝缘层的附着力和耐摩擦力。在车窗玻璃 13的下沿 15附近安装传感器检测电路 32通过可伸缩导线 33传感器检测电路的 输出控制信号连接至车窗升降电机。
试验表明，该实施例的防夹传感器可以实现零夹力防夹的功能并 具有很高的可靠性。
本发明所述的电极 1、 2、 3、 4和导线 5、 6、 7、 8还可以采用粘贴、 刻蚀、 镶嵌、 印刷等工艺设置， 电极的材料可以是任意导电材料。
参见图 16和图 17，给出了本发明电极引线另外一种引线方式，位 于车窗玻璃 13上的电极引线中至少一条位于一侧， 其余位于另外一 侧。其中主检测电容的外表面电极引线位于右侧， 内表面电极引线位 于下部左侧，辅助检测电容的外表面和内表面电极引线均位于下部左 侧。 当然， 也可以位于右侧， 参见图 14和图 15。
参见图 18和图 19，给出了本发明电极引线的再一种引线方式， 即 可以将所有电极引线在车窗玻璃 13的同一侧引出。为了提供信号传输 的质量， 可以在引线处进行屏蔽处理。
参见图 12，给出了本发明电极的不同构成方式，本方式是每条所 述电极由多个电极板串接而成。参见图 13，每条所述电极为折线结构， 这种结构类似于城墙的结构， 当然也可以是曲线。 参见图 9和图 10， 本发明给出的电极分布的另外一种方式， 车窗 玻璃的上沿 14的一个表面设置一个共用电极，另外一个表面设置有上 下分布的两个电极，另外一个表面的上部电极与共用电极构成所述主 检测电容，另外一个表面的下部电极与共用电极构成所述辅助检测电 容。 本实施例中， 可以通过设置三个电极来构成两个电容， 其中共用 电极与激励信号发生器相连接， 输入激励信号。
参见图 20至图 24，在本发明给出的电容电极分布的第四种实施例 中，在车窗玻璃 13上沿 14的同一表面按一定间距平行设置至少三个呈 长条形分布的电容电极 1、 2、 3， 相邻所述电容电极分别构成所述主 检测电容 C1和所述辅助检测电容 C2。这里所谓的相邻电容电极： 对于 三个电极而言是指电极 1和电极 2， 电极 2和电极 3， 其中电极 2为共用 电极； 对于四个电极而言， 如图 25给出的第五种实施例， 电容电极为 1、 2、 3、 4， 则电极 1和电极 2， 电极 3和电极 4构成所谓的相邻电容电 极。对于其他数量的电容电极， 则最上部的相邻两个电极构成所述主 检测电容 C1 ,其余位于下部的相邻电极之间可以形成多对所述辅助检 测电容 C2。 因此， 这里的相邻所述电容电极主要是指相邻的电极形成 需要的检测电容，对于多条电极可以根据需要选择合适的电极构成相 应的检测电容。
本实施例与前述实施例的主要区别在于，将所有的电容电极设置 在车窗玻璃的同一表面上，这种设置方式利于将电容电极直接加工在 车窗玻璃上， 使得加工工艺更加简单方便， 后期使用时， 只需要将传 感器检测电路与电极连接即可完成安装。在本实施例中， 电容电极是 安装在车窗玻璃的内表面上。
参见图 23，本实施例中电容电极的引线 15走向分别位于车窗玻璃 同一表面的两侧， 从而能够减少相互之间的干扰。
参见图 24， 本实施例的电路原理图是针对三个电容电极而设置， 该电路原理图与图 7所给出的电路原理图主要差别在于激励信号发生 器 22只是与共用电极相连接， 其他的结构与图 7的实施例完全相同。
在本发明给出的一种电动车窗防夹检测方法，在车窗玻璃 13的上 沿 14设置一对主检测电容 C1，在所述主检测电容 C1的下方设置至少一 对辅助检测电容 C2 ;基于，若有人体接近车窗玻璃 13的上沿 14方向时， 主检测电容 C1的电容量变化显著大于辅助检测电容 C2的电容量变化， 作为有人体接近车窗玻璃 13的上沿 14附近的判断条件；传感器检测电 路接收主检测电容和辅助检测电容的电容量变化信号，依据上述判断 条件进行判断， 产生控制信号。通过该判断条件， 也可以判断出人体 接近的方向。本发明主要是利用两个检测电容的差分运算， 达到判断 是人体接近与车窗玻璃的上沿， 还是其他外部干扰的目的。从而克服 现有技术中采用电容作为检测器而易被干扰的问题。
基于，若当人体从车窗玻璃 13侧面接近主检测电容和辅助检测电 容时， 由于人体距主检测电容和辅助检测电容的距离差别不大， 由此 引起的主检测电容和辅助检测电容的电容量变化基本相等；若人体从 辅助检测电容的下方接近车窗玻璃 13侧面， 由于人体距辅助检测电容 的距离小于主检测电容， 由此引起的辅助检测电容的电容量变化会显 著大于主检测电容的电容量变化，作为人体接近车窗玻璃 13的上沿 14 方向的判断条件。通过该方法可以得知人体接近车窗玻璃的方向， 判 断人体是否是处于车窗玻璃的上方。 若人体没有处于车窗玻璃的上 方， 即不处于会被夹到的位置， 则不影响车窗玻璃的升降。 这是现有 技术难以解决的问题。
基于， 由温度变化或附着在车窗玻璃 13上的雨水、 雾水、 雪水、 电磁干扰环境因素引起的主检测电容和辅助检测电容的电容量变化 基本是相等的， 作为消除上述环境变化因素引起的影响的判断条件。 本发明通过设置两个检测电容，两个检测电容可以同步受到环境因素 的干扰， 其电容量变化基本相同， 据此能够消除环境因素的干扰。 这 也是现有技术一直难以克服的问题， 也是该种传感器存在的主要问 题。
参见图 7， 在本发明给出的上述实施例中， 一激励信号发生器 22 向主检测电容 C1和辅助检测电容 C2输入一激励信号，激励信号经过主 检测电容 C1和辅助检测电容 C2产生变化后，输入与其相连接的模拟滤 波电路 18、 19中， 每路激励信号经模拟滤波电路处理后传输到模数转 换电路 23，模数转换电路 23将模拟信号转换成数字信号后传输至微控 制器 24中， 微控制器 24根据转换后的每路数字信号进行差分运算， 产 生控制信号。 其具体组成和工作原理可以参见传感器的实施例。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.一种电动车窗防夹传感器，其特征在于：包括在车窗玻璃（13 ) 上沿表面设置至少两个电容和传感器检测电路，其中位于最上部的电 容构成主检测电容 C1 , 位于下部的电容构成辅助检测电容 C2 , 所述 主检测电容 C1和所述辅助检测电容 C2作为敏感元件以测量是否有人 体的肢体接近或接触车窗玻璃 （13 ) 的上沿， 所述主检测电容 C1和 所述辅助检测电容 C2 由于人体接近产生的电容量变化信号传输到所 述传感器检测电路，所述传感器检测电路依据检测到的所述主检测电 容和所述辅助检测电容的变化信号产生控制电动车窗升降电机动作 的控制信号。
2.如权利要求 1所述的一种电动车窗防夹传感器， 其特征在于： 在车窗玻璃（13 )上沿的同一表面按一定间距平行设置至少三个呈长 条形分布的电容电极， 相邻所述电容电极分别构成所述主检测电容 C1和所述辅助检测电容 C2。
3.如权利要求 1所述的一种电动车窗防夹传感器， 其特征在于： 在所述车窗玻璃（13 )上沿的内表面和外表面的对称位置按一定间距 平行设置至少两对长条形分布的电容电极，其中位于最上部的一对所 述电容电极构成所述主检测电容 C1 , 位于下部的其余所述电容电极 构成所述辅助检测电容 C2。
4.如权利要求 1所述的一种电动车窗防夹传感器， 其特征在于： 车窗玻璃（13 )上沿（14 ) 的一个表面设置一个共用电极， 另外一个 表面设置有上下分布的两个电极，另外一个表面的上部电极与共用电 极构成所述主检测电容 C1 , 另外一个表面的下部电极与共用电极构 成所述辅助检测电容 C2。
5.如权利要求 1所述的一种电动车窗防夹传感器， 其特征在于： 所述主检测电容 C1距车窗玻璃 （13 ) 的顶壁的距离为 0-5匪， 所述 主检测电容 C1与所述辅助检测电容 C2的间距为 2mm_10mm， 所述电 极的宽度为 1匪 -8匪。
6.如权利要求 1所述的一种电动车窗防夹传感器， 其特征在于： 所述传感器检测电路包括一激励信号发生器 （22 )、 至少两路模拟滤 波电路（18、 19 )、 一模数转换电路 （23 )和一微控制器（24)， 所述 激励信号发生器分别接入所述主检测电容和所述辅助检测电容的其 中一个电极，所述主检测电容和辅助检测电容的另一个电极分别接入 所述模拟滤波电路 （18、 19)， 并通过所述模数转换电路 （23 ) 将所 述主检测电容和所述辅助检测电容的变化信号分别转换成数字信号， 所述微控制器（24)依据接收到的数字信号通过软件算法产生控制电 动车窗升降电机 （25 ) 的控制信号。
7.如权利要求 6所述的一种电动车窗防夹传感器， 其特征在于： 每路所述模拟滤波电路（18、 19 ) 中至少包含一个与所述主检测电容 或所述辅助检测电容相串联的串联滤波电容。
8.如权利要求 6所述的一种电动车窗防夹传感器， 其特征在于： 每路所述模拟滤波电路（18、 19 ) 中至少包含一个对地并联的并联滤 波电容。
9.如权利要求 6所述的一种电动车窗防夹传感器， 其特征在于： 所述激励信号发生器与所述主检测电容之间至少包含一个接地的并 联滤波电容 C7, 所述激励信号发生器与所述辅助检测电容之间至少 包含一个接地的并联滤波电容 C8。
10.如权利要求 2或 3或 4所述的一种电动车窗防夹传感器， 其 特征在于： 位于车窗玻璃（13 ) 内表面的电极引线和外表面的电极引 线分别位于车窗玻璃（13 ) 的左右两侧； 或位于车窗玻璃（13 )上的 电极引线中至少一条位于一侧， 其余位于另外一侧。
11.如权利要求 1所述的一种电动车窗防夹传感器，其特征在于： 所述电极的长度至少覆盖车窗玻璃 （13 ) 有可能夹住人体的位置。
12.如权利要求 1所述的一种电动车窗防夹传感器，其特征在于： 所述电极的覆盖有绝缘层 （9)。
13.如权利要求 1所述的一种电动车窗防夹传感器，其特征在于： 每条所述电极由多个电极板串接而成； 或每条所述电极为折线结构。
14.如权利要求 1所述的一种电动车窗防夹传感器，其特征在于： 所述电极粘结、 印刷、 镶嵌或蚀刻在车窗玻璃 （13 ) 上。
15.—种电动车窗防夹检测方法， 其特征在于： 在车窗玻璃（13 ) 上沿设置一对主检测电容，在所述主检测电容的下方设置至少一对辅 助检测电容； 基于， 若有人体接近车窗玻璃 （13 )上沿方向时， 主检 测电容的电容量变化显著大于辅助检测电容的电容量变化，作为有人 体接近车窗玻璃（13 )上沿附近的判断条件； 传感器检测电路接收主 检测电容和辅助检测电容的电容量变化信号，依据上述判断条件进行 判断， 产生控制信号。
16.如权利要求 15所述的一种电动车窗防夹检测方法，其特征在 于： 基于， 若当人体从车窗玻璃（13 )侧面接近主检测电容和辅助检 测电容时， 由于人体距主检测电容和辅助检测电容的距离差别不大， 由此引起的主检测电容和辅助检测电容的电容量变化基本相等；若人 体从辅助检测电容的下方接近车窗玻璃（13 )侧面， 由于人体距辅助 检测电容的距离小于主检测电容，由此引起的辅助检测电容的电容量 变化会显著大于主检测电容的电容量变化， 作为人体接近车窗玻璃
( 13 ) 上沿方向的判断条件。
17.如权利要求 15所述的一种电动车窗防夹检测方法，其特征在 于： 基于， 由温度变化或附着在车窗玻璃 （13 )上的雨水、 雾水、 雪 水、电磁干扰环境因素引起的主检测电容和辅助检测电容的电容量变 化基本是相等的， 作为消除上述环境变化因素引起的影响的判断条 件。
18.如权利要求 15所述的一种电动车窗防夹检测方法，其特征在 于： 一激励信号发生器向主检测电容和辅助检测电容输入一激励信 号， 激励信号经过主检测电容和辅助检测电容产生变化后， 输入与其 相连接的模拟滤波电路中，每路激励信号经模拟滤波电路处理后传输 到模数转换电路，模数转换电路将模拟信号转换成数字信号后传输至 微控制器中， 微控制器根据转换后的每路数字信号进行差分运算， 产 生控制信号。
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