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WO2013088105A1 - Système de traitement thermique - Google Patents

Système de traitement thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013088105A1
WO2013088105A1 PCT/GB2012/000900 GB2012000900W WO2013088105A1 WO 2013088105 A1 WO2013088105 A1 WO 2013088105A1 GB 2012000900 W GB2012000900 W GB 2012000900W WO 2013088105 A1 WO2013088105 A1 WO 2013088105A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flight
arrangement
chamber
matter
scraper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2012/000900
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Philip BEECH
Stephen Richard CHURCHILL
David Gardiner Downie
Andrew William STAPLETON
Sean Istvan WALLACE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Qinetiq Ltd
Original Assignee
Qinetiq Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Qinetiq Ltd filed Critical Qinetiq Ltd
Publication of WO2013088105A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013088105A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/007—Screw type gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/28—Other processes
    • C10B47/32—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means
    • C10B47/44—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means with conveyor-screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B7/00—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven
    • C10B7/10—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven with conveyor-screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/14—Continuous processes using gaseous heat-carriers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/32—Devices for distributing fuel evenly over the bed or for stirring up the fuel bed
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C10K1/026—Dust removal by centrifugal forces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/32—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/158—Screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thermal processing system.
  • the present invention relates to a thermal processing system, such as a pyrolysis or gasification system, comprising an auger arrangement for processing (waste) matter to produce synthesis gas (syngas).
  • a thermal processing system such as a pyrolysis or gasification system, comprising an auger arrangement for processing (waste) matter to produce synthesis gas (syngas).
  • Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition reaction of organic material (biomass) at elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen, a thermal processing method. Pyrolysis may occur under a range of pressures and at operating temperatures between 400°C to 750°C. Pyrolysis may occur at pressures that are a few mbar (e.g. 5-10mbar) below atmospheric pressure.
  • pyrolysis of organic substances produces gas and liquid products and leaves a solid residue richer in carbon content (char).
  • the process may be used in the chemical industry to produce charcoal, activated carbon, methanol, and other chemicals from wood, to convert biomass into syngas and biochar, to turn waste into safely disposable substances, and for transforming medium-weight hydrocarbons from oil into lighter ones like gasoline.
  • waste material containing biomass is pyrolysed in a pyrolyser (pyrolysis system) to produce syngas which can then either be combusted (e.g. in a gas turbine engine) to produce energy or which can be further processed to produce synthetic natural gas.
  • FIG. 1 shows a known pyrolysis system 1 comprising an upright vessel 5 having a chamber 10 and a generally conical lower section 15.
  • the vessel 5 is provided with an inlet 20 into the top of the chamber 10 and an outlet 25 at the base of the chamber 0.
  • a gas outlet 30 is additionally provided at the top of the vessel 5.
  • a heater 35 is provided around a lower portion of the vessel. It is noted that the heater may be an indirect heater as shown in Figure 1 or a direct heater in which host gases from the heater pass through the biomass and mix with the syngas.
  • biomass 40 is introduced into the chamber 10 through the inlet 20.
  • the biomass pyrolyses around the boundary layer with the heater and fully pyrolysed biomass (or char) 45 is removed via the outlet 25 at the base of the vessel 5/chamber 10.
  • Synthetic gas (syngas) produced by the pyrolysis reaction may be removed via the gas outlet 30.
  • the heater may conveniently comprise a conduit 50 for hot exhaust gas 55.
  • the pyrolyser vessel shown in Figure 1 is vertical but the system may be inclined at an angle. In certain embodiments the vessel may be rotated in order to allow the biomass to mix within the chamber in order to increase the exposure of biomass to the heated portion of the vessel.
  • Figure 2 shows a further known pyrolysis system 1 1.
  • the system 1 1 of Figure 2 comprises an auger arrangement 60, the auger arrangement comprising a shaft 65 upon which a flight arrangement 70 is mounted.
  • the auger arrangement 60 is rotated 75 about its axis in order to stir the biomass 40 and char 45 within the vessel 5.
  • the auger arrangement helps to prevent "bridging" of material within the chamber 10 ("bridging" is where the friction between the solid particles in the biomass is greater than the forces (e.g. gravity) acting upon it which results in the flow of matter from the inlet to the outlet stopping).
  • a pyrolysis system corresponding to the system of Figure 2 may still experience bridging at both the inlet and outlet ends of the chamber 10.
  • a further drawback with some known pyrolysis systems is that material within the chamber compacts to such a degree that the flow of hot gases from the pyrolysis reaction is inhibited thereby reducing the efficiency of the reaction.
  • Gasification is a thermal process similar to pyrolysis that may be used to convert materials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane. Gasification involves reacting the input matter at high temperatures, e.g. above 700°C, in the presence of controlled amounts of oxygen and water (steam).
  • Known gasification systems experience similar issues to those described above in relation to pyrolysis systems. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a thermal processing system that overcomes or substantially mitigates the problems with known systems.
  • a thermal processing system for processing matter comprising: a vessel defining a chamber and having an inlet arranged to receive matter for processing within the chamber and an outlet for matter that has been processed within the chamber, the chamber being arranged such that there is a net flow of matter from the inlet towards the outlet; an auger arrangement at least partially located within the chamber wherein a first part of the auger arrangement is arranged to propel matter in a direction from the inlet into the chamber and a second part of the auger arrangement is arranged to act against the flow of matter from the inlet towards the outlet.
  • a major challenge with thermal processing systems is ensuring that material passes through the chamber smoothly without bridging and that the material does not overly compact.
  • the inventors have noted that although some pyrolysis/gasification systems with auger arrangements address bridging issues they can lead to compaction of the material in other parts within the pyrolysis/gasification chamber.
  • a known pyroiysis chamber with an auger arrangement running the length of the pyroiysis chamber was seen to prevent material bridging occurring at the inlet end of the chamber but led to the compaction of material at the base of the chamber.
  • the system according to the present invention provides an auger arrangement which acts differently upon matter passing through the chamber depending upon the position of the material within the chamber.
  • a first part of the auger arrangement is arranged to propel matter from the inlet into the chamber.
  • a second part of the auger arrangement is arranged to act against the flow of matter from the inlet to the outlet (i.e. the second part of the auger arrangement tends to propel matter back towards the chamber).
  • the second part of the auger arrangement therefore acts to "lift" the matter within the chamber (it is noted that the vessel need not be vertical. In the case of an inclined vessel or a vessel that is orientated horizontally the second part of the auger arrangement will generally act in a direction back towards the inlet).
  • the second part of the auger arrangement acts to essentially "stir" a portion of the material within the chamber as it passes towards the outlet. It is noted that the net overall flow of matter within the chamber will be from the inlet to the outlet, even with the second part of the auger arrangement acting to "lift” or "stir".
  • the first part of the auger arrangement may be arranged to propel matter into the chamber in the region of the inlet (in other words at the inlet of the vessel/chamber and/or in the vicinity of the inlet of the vessel/chamber the auger arrangement is arranged to propel matter from the inlet into the chamber).
  • the second part of the auger arrangement may be arranged to act against the flow of matter from the inlet to the outlet in the region of the outlet (in other words at the outlet of the vessel/chamber and/or in the vicinity of the outlet of the vessel/chamber the auger arrangement is arranged to tend to propel matter back towards the chamber).
  • the second part of the auger arrangement at the outlet end of the chamber therefore acts to "lift" the matter within the chamber as it passes towards the outlet.
  • the auger arrangement may comprise first and second parts having different handedness or may comprise first and second parts that may be rotated in different directions to one another.
  • the auger arrangement may conveniently be provided by a shaft and a flight arrangement mounted on the shaft.
  • the first part of the auger arrangement is provided by a first flight portion of the flight arrangement and the second part of the auger arrangement is provided by a second flight portion of the flight arrangement, the first flight portion being located in the region of the inlet and the second flight portion being located in the region of the outlet.
  • the first and second flight portions have different handedness.
  • the auger arrangement may conveniently be provided by a single shaft through the system in which the flights or threads on the auger shaft are arranged to be orientated in different directions (different handedness). Rotation of such an auger arrangement then conveniently acts to propel matter in different directions depending whether the matter is in the region of the first or second part of the auger arrangement.
  • This type, of auger arrangement has the advantage of being a simple design. 12 000900
  • the shaft may comprise a flight-less portion located between the first and second flight portions.
  • a flight-less portion may prevent interference between the two flight portions of the auger arrangement.
  • the diameter of the first flight portion may be different to the diameter of the second flight portion.
  • the first flight portion may have a smaller diameter than the second flight portion.
  • the pitch of the first flight portion may be different to the pitch of the second flight portion.
  • An alternative auger arrangement may comprise a first shaft having a first flight arrangement mounted thereon and a second shaft having a second flight arrangement mounted thereon, the first shaft providing the first part of the auger arrangement and the second shaft providing the second part of the auger arrangement.
  • the two shafts may be separate to one another such that each shaft may be driven (rotated) separately.
  • the shafts may be connected via a gearing arrangement that is arranged to rotate the shafts as required.
  • the auger arrangement comprises two different shafts then the two flight arrangements may have the same handedness and the required effect on the matter passing through the vessel may be achieved by rotating the shafts in different directions.
  • first and second shafts may be arranged to be rotated in the same direction and the first and second flight arrangements may be arranged to have different handedness.
  • the first and second flight arrangements may have different diameters and/or pitches.
  • the first and second shafts may be rotated at different rotational speeds.
  • the rotational speed of each shaft may be varied.
  • the thermal processing system may have a vertical orientation in which the inlet is higher than the outlet.
  • the chamber may define a vertical axis with the inlet being mounted above the outlet on the vertical axis.
  • the thermal processing system may be a pyrolysis system to allow matter to be pyrolysed.
  • the thermal processing system may be a gasification system.
  • the matter to be pyrolysed may preferably comprise particles having a maximum dimension of less than 50mm and the matter received at the inlet may have a water content of less than 30%.
  • the system further comprises a gas outlet arranged to extract gas produced by the pyrolysis reaction.
  • the inlet may have a diameter greater than 10mm.
  • the system may further comprise a heater to heat the chamber.
  • a thermal processing vessel may comprise a cylindrical body (with the axis of the cylinder arranged vertically) and a base cone at the lower end of the cylinder, the base cone comprising the outlet. Clinker may build up both on the internal walls of the cylinder body and also on the internal walls of the base cone.
  • Clinker build up causes a reduction of hot air flow within the vessel and also acts to reduce the effective volume within the vessel which may support the thermal process. Clinker build up may be seen in many thermal processing systems with a wide variety of waste stream materials. However, high metal/alloy containing waste streams have been seen to produce relatively higher levels of clinker.
  • the system may further comprise a scraper mechanism for preventing and removing clinker build-up on the walls of the thermal processing vessel.
  • the scraper mechanism may conveniently be of complementary shape to the internal dimensions of the vessel.
  • the scraper mechanism may be arranged to rotate within the vessel. Where the mechanism is of complementary shape to the internal dimensions of the vessel the mechanism may therefore maintain a consistent gap from the internal liner of the vessel as it rotates.
  • the scraper mechanism may comprise a scraper member, the scraper member being of complementary shape to the internal dimensions of the vessel and the scraper member may be attached to the auger arrangement.
  • the auger arrangement comprises a shaft
  • the scraper member may conveniently be attached to the shaft by at least one support member.
  • the at least one support member may comprise a scraper flight arrangement.
  • the flight arrangement may be arranged to either lift the matter within the chamber as it passes towards the outlet or alternatively may be arranged to propel matter within the chamber towards the outlet. Where the scraper flight arrangement acts against the flow of matter through the vessel the scraper flight arrangement may therefore form the second part of the auger arrangement.
  • the scraper mechanism may be arranged to be attached to a rotating component within the vessel.
  • the rotating component may either be the shaft of the auger arrangement, the flight arrangement attached to the shaft or a further rotating component within the vessel.
  • the scraper mechanism may comprise a helical shaped member.
  • the scraper mechanism is located in the lower portion of the vessel.
  • a method of operating a thermal processing system comprising: providing a thermal processing system according to the first aspect of the present invention; introducing matter for processing at the inlet; rotating the auger arrangement; removing matter that has been processed from the outlet.
  • the second aspect of the present invention may comprise preferred features of the first aspect of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a further known pyrolysis system
  • Figures 3 to 5 show a pyrolysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIGS. 6 to 9 show a pyrolysis system and scraper mechanism according to further embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Description of the Invention
  • Embodiments of the present invention are described below in relation to a pyrolysis system. It is however noted that the arrangements described below could be used in other thermal processing methods, e.g. in a gasification system.
  • FIG. 3 shows a pyrolysis system 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the system 100 comprises a vessel 102 defining a chamber 104.
  • the vessel is provided with an inlet 06 arranged to receive matter tor pyrolysis within the chamber 04 (i.e. a matter/biomass inlet 106 to allow matter/fuel/biomass to be supplied into the chamber 104).
  • the inlet 106 receives matter for pyrolysis within the chamber, (t is noted that such matter may also be variously referred to as “matter”, “biomass”, “fuel” and “feedstock”.
  • the vessel 102 is also provided with an outlet 108 for matter that has been pyrolysed within the chamber 104 (i.e. a pyrolysed matter (char) outlet 108 to allow the removal of char material from the chamber 104).
  • a gas outlet 110 is provided adjacent to the inlet 106 for the extraction of synthetic gas during use.
  • a heater (not shown in Figure 3) may also be provided in order to facilitate the pyrolysis of matter within the chamber.
  • the pyrolysis system further comprises an auger arrangement 1 12.
  • the auger arrangement comprises a single auger shaft 1 14, a first flight portion 116 and a second flight portion 118. It is noted that the first flight portion 1 16 is of opposite handedness to the second flight portion 118.
  • the pyrolysis system 100 of Figure 3 is orientated vertically such that the matter inlet 106 and gas outlet 1 0 are at the top of the vessel 102 and the pyrolysed matter outlet 108 is at the base of the vessel 102.
  • the first flight portion 16 is therefore located above the second flight portion 118.
  • the auger arrangement 1 12 is partially located with the vessel 102.
  • the first flight portion 1 16 is at the inlet 106 end of the vessel 102.
  • the second flight portion 118 is at the outlet 108 end of the vessel 102.
  • the first flight portion 116 of the auger arrangement is generally located within the matter inlet 106 and comprises a section 120 located outside the chamber 104.
  • the first flight portion 1 16 and second flight portion 1 18 are separated by a clear (i.e. flight-less) section 122 of the shaft 1 14.
  • matter 124 to be pyrolysed within the chamber is introduced through the matter inlet 106.
  • a hopper (not shown in Figure 3) may be used to deliver matter to the auger arrangement 112 at the matter inlet 106.
  • the system of Figure 3 may be arranged to take a wide range of feedstock matter providing the particle size of the feedstock is suitable and the calorific content is not too low.
  • the system may run on wood pellets, sewage sludge pellets, refuse derived from fuel pellets, shredded tyres, municipal solid waste etc.
  • the feedstock should be solid matter as opposed to liquid (although some residual liquid may be present in a substantially solid feedstock) and generally have a maximum particle size of no more than approximately 50mm and an average particle size of 10mm or higher.
  • the auger arrangement is rotated in use and the first flight portion 116 is arranged such that matter 124 is propelled into the chamber 104 of the vessel 102.
  • the handedness of the flight portion 116 is chosen such that during rotation of the shaft 114, matter 1 4 is propelled through the inlet 106 into the chamber 104.
  • the second flight portion 118 is chosen to have the opposite handedness to the first flight portion 1 16.
  • the second flight portion 1 18 acts against the general flow of material from the matter inlet 106 to the char outlet 108 by stirring the char material 126 formed during the pyrolysis of the biomass matter 124.
  • the auger arrangement of Figure 3 therefore acts to prevent bridging in the vicinity of the matter inlet 106 and to reduce the chances of compaction in the vicinity of the char outlet 108 by "lifting" char material 126.
  • Conduit 158 receives heated gas to enable the pyrolysis reaction to occur.
  • FIGs 4 and 5 show a further view of a pyrolysis system in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. Like numerals are used to denote like features with Figure 3.
  • feedstock for the pyrolysis system 100 is added via a screw feeder 150 which is fed by a hopper 152.
  • a diesel burner 154 (used during system start up) and a syngas burner 156 provide hot gas through a conduit 158 into the chamber 102.
  • the gas outlet 110 is connected to a cyclone 160 which is arranged to remove fly ash and other solids within the syngas flow from the pyrolysis chamber 102.
  • the filtered syngas is then sent via a recovery conduit 162 to an energy recovery system (not shown in Figure 4).
  • a proportion of the recovered syngas is drawn through a heater supply pipe 164 by a hot gas fan 166 to supply the syngas burner 156.
  • the pyrolysis system 100 further includes a char removal system 168.
  • the pyrolysis chamber 102 has an internal diameter of approximately 1 metre.
  • the inlet tube 106 has a diameter of approximately 600 mm and an exit 108 of approximately 500mm.
  • the diameter of the auger shaft 14 is approximately 100mm.
  • the diameter of the flights in the first flight portion 116 is approximately 450mm and the diameter of the flights in the second flight portion 118 is approximately 600mm.
  • the pitch of the flights in both the first and second flight portions is approximately 325mm. Overall the auger has a length of around 3.8 metres.
  • the unit depicted in Figure 5 is designed to take in the region of 250kg per hour of feedstock. It is noted that the unit depicted in Figure 5 is just one example of a pyrolysis system in accordance with embodiments of the present invention and other systems may have different vessel, chamber, shaft and flight dimensions and different feedstock size and throughput flow rates depending on the particular environment that they are to be used in.
  • Figures 6 to 9 show pyrolysis systems and scraper mechanisms according to further embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the present invention comprising a pyrolysis system and scraper mechanism.
  • Figure 6 shows the base end of the vessel 102. Part of the auger arrangement 112 is visible along with the second flight portion 118. It is noted that the base of the vessel is formed into a generally conical section 200 that incorporates the outlet 108.
  • a scraper mechanism 202 is provided comprising a scraper member 204 and a number of support members 206. It can be seen that the scraper member 204 extends from the chamber 104 into the conical section 200 and is shaped to be of complementary shape to the internal walls of the chamber 104 and conical section 200.
  • the scraper mechanism 202 rotates with the auger arrangement 112 such that the scraper member remains at a set distance from the chamber and conical section internal walls.
  • the scraper mechanism rotates it (or part of it, e.g., the scraper member) connects with any clinker that has built up in this area thus breaking it away from the walls of the vessel 102.
  • Loosened clinker falls into the char material 126 (as shown in Figure 3) and is removed through the outlet 108 into the char system 168 (as shown in Figure 4).
  • the scraper mechanism comprises square section steel bars, 40mm square.
  • Figure 7 shows a further embodiment of the present invention comprising a pyrolysis system and scraper mechanism.
  • the embodiment of Figure 7 comprises two scraper members 204 that are both similar to the scraper member shown in Figure 6.
  • the support member that attaches scraper members 204 to the shaft 114 of the auger arrangement 116 takes the form of a number of flight members 208 rather than via the "bar shaped" support member 206 (as per the embodiment of Figure 6).
  • the flight members 208 may be substantially flat and may further be angled relative to the horizontal by a suitable "angle of attack” (e.g. between 0 to 25 degrees). Depending on the handedness of the flight members 208, the flight members 208 may be arranged to either lift the waste matter 124 within the thermal processing vessel 102 or propel it towards the base section 204 and the outlet 108.
  • a suitable "angle of attack” e.g. between 0 to 25 degrees.
  • Figure 6 shows a single scraper member 204 and Figure 7 shows two scraper members 204. It is to be appreciated however the number of scraper members 204 may be varied depending on the particular environment that they are to be used in. It is also noted that the number of support members 206 or flight members 208 may also be varied.
  • Figures 8 and 9 show a yet further embodiment of the present invention comprising a pyrolysis system and scraper mechanism.
  • a scraper mechanism 202 is provided in which the scraper member 210 takes a helical form, the axis of the helix being coincident with the axis of the auger shaft 114.
  • the scraper member 210 is arranged to maintain a constant distance/gap from the refractory lining 212 in a similar manner to the arrangements of Figures 6 and 7.
  • the support members shown in Figures 8 and 9 are flight members 208 similar to those shown in Figure 7. It is noted that although the support members shown in each of Figures 6 to 9 comprise either one type of support member or another (e.g. bar-shaped member or flight member) it is to be noted that any combination of support member types may be used.
  • the auger shaft 114 may, in Figures 7 to 9, additionally comprise a separate flight arrangement such as the flight portion 1 18 shown in Figure 6.
  • scraper mechanism may be envisaged by the skilled person such as a mechanism that is mounted on a separate rotating component within the vessel other than the auger shaft 1 14. It is also noted that the flight arrangement may be mounted via such an arrangement rather than on the shaft as described above. Further combinations of such arrangements may also be made.
  • waste matter introduced into the chamber of the thermal processing vessel may build up on the internal walls of the chamber.
  • a clinker of pyrolysed waste and partially melted alloys may form and bond to the internal walls (Refractory lining) of the chamber of the vessel.
  • Such a build-up of material reduces the hot air flow through the pyrolysis chamber and. the waste matter being processed, as well as reducing the volumetric area with in the chamber.
  • the scraper mechanism described above facilitates the cleaning or knocking down of the build-up on the refractory lining / walls and the Pyro base cones. The addition of the scraper mechanism therefore mitigates against the build-up of material within the pyrolysis chamber and promotes a more uniform thermal processing of the material.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système (100) de traitement thermique destiné au traitement de matière comprenant : un récipient (102) définissant une chambre (104) et présentant une entrée (106) agencée pour recevoir de la matière en vue du traitement dans la chambre et une sortie (108) destinée à la matière qui a été transformée dans la chambre, la chambre (104) étant agencée de manière à ce qu'il existe un écoulement net de matière de l'entrée vers la sortie ; un agencement de vis sans fin (112) au moins partiellement situé dans la chambre, une première partie (116) de l'agencement de vis sans fin étant agencée pour propulser la matière dans le sens allant de l'entrée vers l'intérieur de la chambre et une deuxième partie (118) de l'agencement de vis sans fin étant agencée pour agir contre l'écoulement de la matière de l'entrée vers la sortie.
PCT/GB2012/000900 2011-12-14 2012-12-13 Système de traitement thermique Ceased WO2013088105A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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GB1121429.3 2011-12-14
GBGB1121429.3A GB201121429D0 (en) 2011-12-14 2011-12-14 Thermal processing system

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014090574A1 (fr) * 2012-12-13 2014-06-19 Qinetiq Limited Système de traitement thermique comportant un agencement de vis sans fin et son procédé d'utilisation
CN104342174A (zh) * 2014-11-03 2015-02-11 合肥工业大学 一种管壳式分级生物质炭化炉
CN106316049A (zh) * 2016-10-11 2017-01-11 青岛理工大学 一种污泥浆气化的方法与装置
US11708534B2 (en) 2018-09-26 2023-07-25 Plastic Energy Limited Reactor assembly

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US5138957A (en) * 1991-05-15 1992-08-18 Biotherm Energy Systems, Inc. Hot gas generation system for producing combustible gases for a burner from particulate solid organic biomass material
WO1994021750A1 (fr) * 1993-03-17 1994-09-29 Taylor Leland T Systeme de gazeification vertical a alimentation par le bas
EP0663433A1 (fr) * 1994-01-14 1995-07-19 Ensofor S.A. Procédé pour traiter les déchets et en particulier les déchets urbains et dispositif pour réaliser le procédé
WO1999035214A1 (fr) * 1998-01-09 1999-07-15 Greenpower Engineering & Technologies S.A. Procede et appareil de traitement de materiaux combustibles solides
US6178899B1 (en) * 1998-04-07 2001-01-30 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Waste treatment method and waste treatment apparatus
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CZ289723B6 (cs) * 1992-06-28 2002-03-13 Ormat Industries Ltd. Způsob výroby spalitelných plynů z pevného paliva a zařízení k provádění tohoto způsobu
JP2006299010A (ja) * 2005-04-18 2006-11-02 Kurimoto Ltd 外熱式ロータリーキルン
US20090223612A1 (en) * 2007-11-16 2009-09-10 Mcknight James K Powdered fuels and powdered fuel dispersions
WO2011121667A1 (fr) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-06 株式会社アルティス Appareil de décomposition thermique et procédé de décomposition thermique

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5138957A (en) * 1991-05-15 1992-08-18 Biotherm Energy Systems, Inc. Hot gas generation system for producing combustible gases for a burner from particulate solid organic biomass material
WO1994021750A1 (fr) * 1993-03-17 1994-09-29 Taylor Leland T Systeme de gazeification vertical a alimentation par le bas
EP0663433A1 (fr) * 1994-01-14 1995-07-19 Ensofor S.A. Procédé pour traiter les déchets et en particulier les déchets urbains et dispositif pour réaliser le procédé
WO1999035214A1 (fr) * 1998-01-09 1999-07-15 Greenpower Engineering & Technologies S.A. Procede et appareil de traitement de materiaux combustibles solides
US6178899B1 (en) * 1998-04-07 2001-01-30 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Waste treatment method and waste treatment apparatus
DE102008021966A1 (de) * 2008-05-02 2009-11-12 Hofmann, Kurt W., Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Festbett-Vergasungsreaktor

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014090574A1 (fr) * 2012-12-13 2014-06-19 Qinetiq Limited Système de traitement thermique comportant un agencement de vis sans fin et son procédé d'utilisation
CN104342174A (zh) * 2014-11-03 2015-02-11 合肥工业大学 一种管壳式分级生物质炭化炉
CN106316049A (zh) * 2016-10-11 2017-01-11 青岛理工大学 一种污泥浆气化的方法与装置
CN106316049B (zh) * 2016-10-11 2019-07-16 青岛理工大学 一种污泥浆气化的方法与装置
US11708534B2 (en) 2018-09-26 2023-07-25 Plastic Energy Limited Reactor assembly

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GB2498631A (en) 2013-07-24
GB201121429D0 (en) 2012-01-25

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