WO2013085318A1 - Hollow fiber membrane module and water treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

A hollow fiber membrane module of the present invention comprises: bundles of hollow fiber membranes comprising a plurality of hollow fiber membranes; upper heads connected to the upper ends of the bundles of hollow fiber membranes; and diffusion portions for supplying air bubbles to the lower portion of the lower ends of the bundles of hollow fiber membranes, wherein the area partitioned by the lower ends of the bundles of hollow fiber membranes is larger than the area partitioned by the upper ends of the bundles of hollow fiber membranes.

Description

Hollow fiber membrane module and water treatment device

The present invention relates to a hollow fiber membrane module and a water treatment device. More specifically, the present invention relates to a hollow fiber membrane module having excellent cleaning efficiency of the hollow fiber membrane and a water treatment apparatus including the same.

A process of passing a desired material and removing unwanted material by using a membrane, or conversely, a process of passing a desired material and separating and recovering the desired material is called a membrane separation process. The membrane is usually divided into a microfiltration membrane, an ultrafiltration membrane, a nanofiltration membrane, a reverse osmosis membrane, and the like, and are tubular, flat, and b depending on the membrane module type. It can be divided into spiral wound, hollow fiber type and the like.

Hollow fiber type (membrane) has high separation membrane filling density, which can reduce the volume of module, reduce installation cost, and has the advantage of low energy consumption. Recently, it has been used in sewage / wastewater treatment and septic tank. The scope of application is expanding to separation, removal of suspended solids (SS) from industrial wastewater, filtration of river water, filtration of industrial water, and filtration of swimming pool water.

1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a water treatment apparatus according to the prior art. As shown, the water treatment apparatus according to the prior art generally includes an upper header 10 and a lower header 20 including a collecting part, and the diffuser 30 is generally present on the lower side of the lower header.

However, in the conventional hollow fiber membrane module and the water treatment apparatus, the area of the upper header 10 and the lower header 20 are the same, and the diffuser 30 is positioned on the lower side of the lower header 20. This configuration has a problem in that the installation area of the water treatment device is increased because the hollow fiber membrane modules must be spaced apart by a predetermined distance D to position the diffuser 30.

The air bubbles emitted from the diffuser 30 move upward through the space between the hollow fiber membranes and the hollow fiber membranes to remove contaminants such as sludge cake deposited on the surface of the hollow fiber membranes. The larger the diameter, the better the cleaning efficiency. However, the gap between the hollow fiber membranes (hollow fiber bundles) and the hollow fiber membranes (hollow fiber bundles) is too narrow to allow larger air bubbles to pass through, and the diffuser 30 is located on the lower side of the lower header 20 instead of at the lower end. Since it is located in the air flow path (arrow) is in the form of inflow from the outside of the hollow fiber membrane bundle has a problem that is inefficient in removing contaminants.

One object of the present invention is to provide a hollow fiber membrane module that can significantly improve the cleaning efficiency of contaminants formed on the surface of the hollow fiber membrane without increasing the installation area of the hollow fiber membrane module, when diffused into the inner portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle It is to provide a water treatment apparatus comprising.

One aspect of the invention relates to a hollow fiber membrane module. The hollow fiber membrane module includes a hollow fiber membrane bundle comprising a plurality of hollow fiber membranes; an upper header connected to an upper end portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, and an air diffuser for supplying air bubbles to the lower side of the lower portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, wherein the hollow fiber membrane bundle The area of the area partitioned by the lower end is characterized by being larger than the area of the area partitioned by the hollow fiber membrane bundle upper end.

Specifically, the ratio of the area of the area partitioned by the hollow fiber membrane bundle lower end to the area of the area partitioned by the hollow fiber membrane bundle upper end may be about 1 second to about 3 or less.

The hollow fiber membrane bundle may be a hollow fiber membrane sheet bundle in which a plurality of hollow fiber membrane sheets are arranged.

The lower end of the hollow fiber membrane sheet bundle may be arranged in a zigzag of the hollow fiber membrane sheet.

An internal angle between neighboring hollow fiber membrane sheets at the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane sheet bundle may be about 1 degree to about 30 degrees.

The upper end of the hollow fiber membrane is open, the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane may be closed.

It may further include a lower fixing frame for fixing the hollow fiber membrane bundle bottom.

The lower fixing frame may include a through hole which is a passage of the subunit insertion groove into which the hollow fiber membrane subunit forming the hollow fiber membrane bundle is inserted and the air bubble.

The lower fixing frame may have a hollow fiber membrane bundle fixing groove, and the hollow fiber membrane bundle fixing groove may be spaced apart from each other by the hollow fiber membrane fixing groove in which one hollow fiber membrane is accommodated.

The lower fixing frame may be made in one piece.

The lower fixing frame may be made of a material including polyurethane resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin or rubber.

The air diffuser may include an air diffuser located at a lower side of the hollow fiber membrane module to spray air bubbles and an air diffuser box surrounding the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle.

The air diffuser may include an air diffuser box having a closed structure surrounding the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle and an air inlet existing on one surface of the air diffuser box.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a water treatment apparatus. The water treatment apparatus includes the hollow fiber membrane module described above.

In the hollow fiber membrane module and the water treatment apparatus of the present invention, when the area of the area partitioned by the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle is larger than the area partitioned by the upper end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, the hollow fiber membrane module diffuses into the inner portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle. The cleaning efficiency of the contaminants formed on the surface of the hollow fiber membrane can be significantly improved without increasing the installation area of the membrane.

1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a water treatment apparatus according to the prior art.

2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a hollow fiber membrane module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3A to 3D are plan views illustrating various embodiments of the upper and lower ends of the hollow fiber membrane bundles.

4A to 4C illustrate various embodiments of the lower fixing frame 200 for fixing the hollow fiber membrane bundle bottom portion.

5 is a perspective view for explaining the fixing of the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane sheet bundle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 6 shows another embodiment of the lower fixing frame.

7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a water treatment apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a partial cross-sectional view of a water treatment device according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the present invention, the 'hollow fiber membrane' is a single hollow fiber membrane, the 'subunit' or 'hollow fiber membrane subunit' is a structure in which the hollow fiber membrane is bound in the form of a sheet, tube, etc., 'hollow fiber membrane bundle' is the hollow fiber membrane or It is used to mean a structure in which one or more subunits are complex.

2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a hollow fiber membrane module according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the hollow fiber membrane module according to an embodiment of the present invention may include an upper portion of the header 100, hollow fiber membrane bundle 108 and the air dispersing portion including the acid box 114, hollow fiber membrane bundle (108) The area of the area partitioned by the lower end is characterized by being larger than the area of the area partitioned by the hollow fiber membrane bundle 108 upper end.

The hollow fiber membrane bundle 108 may be formed of a plurality of hollow fiber membranes, and the hollow fiber membranes are bundled into subunits 108a, 108b, 108c, 108d, and 108e in the form of a sheet, a tube (tube), and the like, and then again into the subunits. One or more 108a, 108b, 108c, 108d, 108e may be arranged to constitute the hollow fiber membrane bundle 108. The number of subunits 108a, 108b, 108c, 108d, and 108e shown in FIG. 2 is merely an example and may be composed of one or more subunits.

There is no restriction | limiting in the raw material of the said hollow fiber membrane. For example, polyolefin, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyimide, polyetherimide, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide, polyethylene, polyfluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene , Polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene or polyetherketone. Preferably, it may include any one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polypropylene (PP), or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

An upper header 100 is present at an upper end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 108, and a collecting pipe 102 is connected to the upper header 100 to pass purified water through the hollow fiber membrane through a suction pump (not shown). I can withdraw it. The upper header 100 may be formed of a material having predetermined mechanical strength and durability, and the material is not limited thereto. For example, polyvinyl chloride, polyolefin, polycarbonate, polysulfone, acrylic resin, ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) resin, modified PPE (Poly Phenylene Ether) resin and the like can be used.

In FIG. 2, the collecting pipe 102 is shown to be located at the side of the upper header 100, but is not necessarily located at the side, and may be present at the upper surface of the upper header 100 or may be present at the side. And may be present on both top and side surfaces.

The lower end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 108 may perform the collecting function only at the upper part without performing the collecting function at the lower part, and thus the lower header of the lower part may be omitted.

Although not shown in FIG. 2, there may be a hollow fiber membrane spacer spaced apart from each hollow fiber membrane by a predetermined distance, and there may be a subunit spacer spaced apart from the hollow fiber membrane subunit composed of the hollow fiber membranes by a predetermined distance. The hollow fiber membrane spacer may maintain a constant distance of the plurality of hollow fiber membranes present in the hollow fiber membrane subunits, and may prevent the hollow fiber membrane subunits from swinging due to air bubbles, water, or the like. The subunit spacers can also perform the same function. The spacer may use a hot melt adhesive. For example, in manufacturing a hollow fiber membrane sheet, the hollow fiber membranes may be arranged in a row, and then ethylene-vinyl acetate resin (EVA), which is a hot melt adhesive, may be applied, and may be formed by pressing with a releaser having a release property.

An upper portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle may have a potting portion 104. The porting unit 104 may be formed for each hollow fiber membrane subunit, or may be a form in which the upper end portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 108 in which the hollow fiber membrane subunits are collected is integrally ported. The material and the forming method of the potting part 104 are not limited. For example, the potting part 104 may be formed using an adhesive including polyurethane or epoxy rubber.

In addition, the upper fixing frame 106 may be present at the upper end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle. The upper fixing frame 106 may serve to fix the upper end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, and the above-described potting part 104 may serve as the fixing frame 106. In this case, the upper fixing frame 106 may not exist.

The lower fixing frame 110 may be present at the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle. The lower fixing frame 110 may serve to fix and support the hollow fiber membrane (hollow fiber membrane subunit). The through hole 112 may be present in the lower fixing frame 110. The air introduced from the diffuser may move upward through the through hole 112 to remove contaminants on the surface of the hollow fiber membranes.

The material of the lower fixing frame 110 is not limited. For example, it may be made of a material including any one or more of metal, plastic, rubber, or ceramic. The rubber may include nitrile butadiene rubber, silicon rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, urethane rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, or fluoro rubber. ), And the like. As another embodiment, it may be a molded article using a polyurethane resin, an epoxy resin, an unsaturated polyester resin or a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin and the like.

The lower fixing frame 110 may or may not be integral. In the present invention, the integral type is not formed by attaching, adhering, or fusion of different members (parts), but made of one material and manufactured at the same time through molding and injection.

The diffuser may include an diffuser box 114. The air diffuser box 114 may have a closed structure surrounding the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle 108 and may serve to prevent the air ejected through a blower (not shown) from being ejected to the outside. An air inlet 116 may be present on the bottom or side surface of the diffuser box 114. Unlike the illustrated figure, the diffuser may include an diffuser (not shown). When the diffuser includes the diffuser, the diffuser box 114 may have an open bottom surface.

3A to 3D are plan views illustrating various embodiments of the upper and lower ends of the hollow fiber membrane bundles.

Referring to Figure 3a, the hollow fiber membrane bundle 108 subunits is a hollow fiber membrane sheet (108a, 108b, ...,, 108j) to configure may be an area of a region, which is defined by the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle (A _B) It is preferable that it is larger than the area A _T of the area | region partitioned by this hollow fiber membrane bundle upper end part.

That is, the hollow fiber membrane sheets are arranged in a row at both the upper end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle and the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, but the distance between the hollow fiber membrane sheets at the upper end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle (D _T ) is the distance between the hollow fiber membrane sheets at the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle (D _B). Smaller than

Specifically, the ratio A _B / A _T of the area A _B of the area partitioned by the hollow fiber membrane bundle lower end to the area A _T of the area partitioned by the hollow fiber membrane bundle upper end is greater than about 1 second. It is preferable that it is the following. For example, it may be more effective that the ratio A _B / A _T is from about 1.1 to about 2 or less, more specifically from about 1.1 to about 1.5. It is possible to obtain an excellent cleaning effect without increasing the stress applied to the hollow fiber membrane in the above range.

Referring to FIG. 3B, the subunits constituting the hollow fiber membrane bundle 108 may be hollow fiber membrane sheets 108a, 108b,. , 108j) are arranged in a line, and the hollow fiber membrane bundle lower ends may have a form in which the hollow fiber membrane sheets 108a, 108b,..., 108j are arranged in a zigzag. Also in this case, the area A _B of the area partitioned by the hollow fiber membrane bundle upper end is preferably larger than the area A _T of the area partitioned by the hollow fiber membrane bundle upper end and may have the above-described numerical range.

Referring to FIG. 3C, the subunits constituting the hollow fiber membrane bundle 108 may be hollow fiber membrane sheets 108a, 108b,. ...,, 108j may be arranged in a zigzag arrangement. Also in this case, the area A _B of the area partitioned by the hollow fiber membrane bundle upper end is preferably larger than the area A _T of the area partitioned by the hollow fiber membrane bundle upper end and may have the above-described numerical range.

On the other hand, the neighboring hollow fiber membrane sheets 108a, 108b, ..., 108j are more than the inner angle α formed by the neighboring hollow fiber membrane sheets 108a, 108b, ..., 108j of the hollow fiber membrane bundle upper ends. The resulting cabinet β may be larger. Specifically, the inner angle β formed by the neighboring hollow fiber membrane sheets 108a, 108b, ...,, 108j at the lower end of the bundle of hollow fiber membranes is 1 to 30 degrees, preferably 1 to 20 degrees, more preferably 2 It may be from 10 to 10 degrees. The size of the air bubbles passing between the hollow fiber membrane 내 within the angle range is larger than the conventional form, the cleaning effect is increased and the fluid flow is also improved to reduce the problem of the bottom sludge build up. In addition, the internal angles α formed by the neighboring hollow fiber membrane sheets 108a, 108b, ..., 108j at the upper end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle may be the same or different. The internal angle β formed by the neighboring hollow fiber membrane sheets 108a, 108b, ...,, 108j at the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle may be similar or different. In addition, at least one sheet (for example, 2 to 10 sheets) of the angled hollow fiber membrane sheet may be formed at a constant angle.

Referring to Figure 3d, subunits that make up the hollow fiber membrane bundle 108 is a hollow fiber membrane tubes (108a, 108b, ...) may be, the area (A _B) of the area defined by the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle of the hollow fiber membrane It is preferably larger than the area A _T of the area partitioned by the bundle upper end and may have the numerical range described above. For this purpose, the distance (D _B ) between the neighboring hollow fiber membrane tubes 108a, 108b,... Of the hollow fiber membrane bundle lower ends than the distance D _T between the neighboring hollow fiber membrane tubes 108a, 108b,. ) Can be made larger.

The illustrated figure may be a circular cross section of the hollow fiber membrane tube (108a, 108b, ...), or may be a polygon, such as oval, triangular, square, etc., may be amorphous, or may be a combination of various forms .

The above-described example is merely an example, and various embodiments in which the area A _B of the region partitioned by the hollow fiber membrane bundle upper end portion is larger than the area A _T of the region partitioned by the hollow fiber membrane bundle upper end portion are possible. In this way, larger bubbles can pass through the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, thereby improving cleaning efficiency. In addition, by arranging the hollow fiber membranes in a direction slightly inclined to gravity rather than in a direction parallel to gravity, the auxiliary cleaning effect by gravity can also be obtained.

4A to 4C illustrate various embodiments of the lower fixing frame 200 for fixing the hollow fiber membrane bundle bottom portion. The lower fixing frame 200 shown is a case where the subunit is a hollow fiber membrane sheet, and relates to a fixing frame for fixing the hollow fiber membrane sheet.

As shown in FIG. 4A, the accommodation groove 202 into which the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane sheet bundle is inserted may form one accommodation groove 202a, 202b, 202c, 202d, 202e, and 202f for each hollow fiber membrane sheet. That is, the receiving groove denoted by reference numeral 202a constitutes one groove and the lower end of one hollow fiber membrane sheet may be accommodated therein, and the receiving groove denoted by reference numeral 202b constitutes one groove and the other hollow fiber membrane herein The seat can be accommodated, as is the other receiving groove.

As shown in FIG. 4B, the accommodation groove 204 into which the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane sheet bundle is inserted may form one accommodation groove 204a, 204b, 204c, ... for each hollow fiber membrane. That is, one hollow fiber membrane may be accommodated in the accommodation groove indicated by reference numeral 204a, and the accommodation groove indicated by reference numeral 204b may be present at a position spaced apart from the accommodation groove of 204a, and the other hollow fiber membrane may be accommodated. The same is true for the other receiving groove.

The lower fixing frame 200 may be formed by molding the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane sheet bundle. That is, the hollow fiber membrane sheet bundle may be inserted into a mold for forming the fixing mold 200, and the plastic resin may be injected and molded. As the plastic resin, a thermosetting resin, a photocurable resin, a thermoplastic resin, or the like can be used. Specifically, a liquid resin such as a polyurethane resin, an epoxy resin or an unsaturated polyester resin may be injected and cured to be molded.

As shown in FIG. 4C, the accommodation groove 206 into which the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane sheet bundle is inserted may form one accommodation groove 206a, 206b, 206c, ... for each hollow fiber membrane, and the adjacent hollow fiber membrane The hollow fiber membrane spacer 208 may be spaced apart from the hollow fiber membrane sheet spacer 210 to space the adjacent hollow fiber membrane sheet.

The hollow fiber membrane spacer 208 and the hollow fiber membrane sheet spacer 210 may be made of the same material or different materials as the materials of other parts of the lower fixing frame 200. It is preferably made of a rigid material, but may be made of a flexible material. That is, it may be made of a material containing any one or more of metal, plastic, or ceramic.

5 is a perspective view for explaining the fixing of the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane sheet bundle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

As an example, the lower fixing frame 200 may be formed in a zigzag form, and the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane sheet constituting the hollow fiber membrane bundle 108 may be inserted into a receiving groove existing in the lower fixing frame 200. Reference numeral 108 'denotes one hollow fiber membrane. The material of the fixing frame 200 is not limited. For example, it may be made of a material including any one or more of metal, plastic, rubber, or ceramic. The rubber may include nitrile butadiene rubber, silicon rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, urethane rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, or fluoro rubber. ), And the like. As another embodiment, it may be a molded article using a polyurethane resin, an epoxy resin, an unsaturated polyester resin or a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin and the like.

The lower fixing frame 200 may or may not be integral. Here, the integral type is not formed by attaching, adhering, or fusion of different members (parts), but made of one material, and means that the fixing frame is manufactured at one time through molding and injection.

Figure 6 shows another embodiment of the lower fixing frame. Referring to FIG. 6, the lower fixing frame 300 may include a hollow fiber membrane subunit insertion groove 302 and a through hole 304 into which a tubular hollow fiber membrane subunit is inserted and fixed. Through the through hole 304, the air introduced from the bottom portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle is moved upward to remove contaminants present on the surface of the hollow fiber membrane.

7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a water treatment apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 7, the apparatus for treating water according to one embodiment of the present invention may include at least one upper header 100, a hollow fiber membrane bundle 108, a lower fixing frame 110, and an air diffuser.

Since the hollow fiber membrane bundle 108 has been described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The diffuser may include an diffuser box 114 and an air inlet 116. The air inlet 116 is connected to a blower (not shown), and the blower sends air to the lower side of the bottom portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle. The air diffuser box 114 may be manufactured in a closed structure surrounding the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane module so that the blown air does not spread to the outside.

The diffuser may be manufactured as a part of the hollow fiber membrane module to be manufactured in a cartridge form, or only the hollow fiber membrane module except the diffuser may be manufactured in a cartridge form. That is, the hollow fiber membrane module may or may not include an acid generator. The water treatment device may be used for a membrane bioreactor (MBR) device, an industrial wastewater treatment device, a process water recycling device, and the like.

8 is a partial cross-sectional view of a water treatment device according to another embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 8, the water treatment apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention may include one or more upper headers 100, a hollow fiber membrane bundle 108, a lower fixing frame 110, and an air diffuser. In the following, detailed description of the matters overlapping with the above-described parts such as the hollow fiber membrane bundle 108 will be omitted.

The diffuser may include an diffuser box 114 and an diffuser 120. The diffuser 120 is connected to a blow blower (not shown), and the blower sends air to the lower side of the bottom of the bundle of hollow fiber membranes. The air discharged through the diffuser 120 may form air bubbles and move upward through the through-holes 112 to remove contaminants on the surface of the hollow fiber membranes. The air diffuser box 114 may be manufactured to surround the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane module so that the blown air does not spread to the outside, the whole or part of the lower surface of the air diffuser box 114 may be open. Of course, the bottom surface may not be open.

The diffuser may be manufactured as a part of the hollow fiber membrane module to be manufactured in a cartridge form, or only the hollow fiber membrane module except the diffuser may be manufactured in a cartridge form. That is, the hollow fiber membrane module may or may not include an acid generator. The water treatment device may be used for a membrane bioreactor (MBR) device, an industrial wastewater treatment device, a process water recycling device, and the like.

Claims (14)

A hollow fiber membrane bundle consisting of a plurality of hollow fiber membranes; An upper header connected to the upper end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle; Includes an air disperser for supplying air bubbles to the lower side of the lower portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle, And an area of a region partitioned by the hollow fiber membrane bundle lower end portion is wider than an area of a region partitioned by the hollow fiber membrane bundle upper end portion. The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the area of the area partitioned by the hollow fiber membrane bundle lower end to the area of the area partitioned by the hollow fiber membrane bundle upper end is about 1 second and about 3 or less. The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 1, wherein the hollow fiber membrane bundle is a hollow fiber membrane sheet bundle in which a plurality of hollow fiber membrane sheets are arranged. 4. The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 3, wherein the lower end portion of the hollow fiber membrane sheet bundle is arranged in a zigzag manner. 4. The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 3, wherein an internal angle between neighboring hollow fiber membrane sheets at the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane sheet bundle is about 1 degree to about 30 degrees. The hollow fiber membrane module of claim 1, wherein an upper end of the hollow fiber membrane is open and a lower end of the hollow fiber membrane is closed. The hollow fiber membrane module of claim 1, further comprising a lower fixing frame fixing the lower end portion of the hollow fiber membrane bundle. The hollow fiber membrane module of claim 1, wherein the lower fixing frame includes a subunit insertion groove into which the hollow fiber membrane subunits constituting the hollow fiber membrane bundle are inserted and a passage through which air bubbles are formed. The hollow fiber membrane module of claim 7, wherein the lower fixing frame has a hollow fiber membrane bundle fixing groove, and the hollow fiber membrane bundle fixing groove has a hollow fiber membrane fixing groove in which one hollow fiber membrane is accommodated. The hollow fiber membrane module according to claim 7, wherein the lower fixing frame is formed in one piece. The hollow fiber membrane module of claim 7, wherein the lower fixing frame is made of a material including a polyurethane resin, an epoxy resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin, or rubber. The water treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the air diffuser comprises a diffuser box positioned below the hollow fiber membrane module to inject air bubbles and a lower end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle. The hollow fiber membrane module of claim 1, wherein the air diffuser comprises an air inlet on one side of the air diffuser box and a closed structure surrounding the lower end of the hollow fiber membrane bundle. A water treatment apparatus comprising the hollow fiber membrane module of any one of claims 1 to 13.

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