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WO2013083664A4 - Loading-offloading system for cng operations - Google Patents

Loading-offloading system for cng operations Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013083664A4
WO2013083664A4 PCT/EP2012/074575 EP2012074575W WO2013083664A4 WO 2013083664 A4 WO2013083664 A4 WO 2013083664A4 EP 2012074575 W EP2012074575 W EP 2012074575W WO 2013083664 A4 WO2013083664 A4 WO 2013083664A4
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cng
unloaded
pipe
unit
unloading
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2012/074575
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2013083664A2 (en
WO2013083664A3 (en
Inventor
Francesco Nettis
Gianfranco NISO
Vanni Neri TOMASELLI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Blue Wave Co SA
Original Assignee
Blue Wave Co SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2011/071806 external-priority patent/WO2013083170A1/en
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2011/071790 external-priority patent/WO2013083154A1/en
Application filed by Blue Wave Co SA filed Critical Blue Wave Co SA
Publication of WO2013083664A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013083664A2/en
Publication of WO2013083664A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013083664A3/en
Publication of WO2013083664A4 publication Critical patent/WO2013083664A4/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
    • F16L58/02—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings
    • F16L58/04—Coatings characterised by the materials used
    • F16L58/08—Coatings characterised by the materials used by metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B22/02—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel
    • B63B22/021—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/24—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G67/00—Loading or unloading vehicles
    • B65G67/60—Loading or unloading ships
    • B65G67/62—Loading or unloading ships using devices influenced by the tide or by the movements of the ship, e.g. devices on pontoons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/02—Rigid pipes of metal
    • F16L9/04—Reinforced pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/14—Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups
    • F16L9/147—Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups comprising only layers of metal and plastics with or without reinforcement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/4466—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting water energy into electric energy, e.g. from tidal flows, waves or currents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B22/02—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel
    • B63B22/021—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids
    • B63B22/023—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids submerged when not in use
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B22/02—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel
    • B63B22/021—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids
    • B63B22/026—Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids and with means to rotate the vessel around the anchored buoy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/14—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed pressurised
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0146—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels with details of the manifold
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/032—Avoiding freezing or defrosting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/011—Barges
    • F17C2270/0113—Barges floating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0118—Offshore
    • F17C2270/0126—Buoys

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

A gas loading or offloading system comprising, respectively, at least one loading or offloading arm, the arm having a pipe therein, the arm or the pipe, or both, having a hybrid metal-composite structure including a composite structural over-wrap.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS received by the International Bureau on 12 August 2013 (12.08.2013) CLAIMS:
1. A gas loading or offloading system comprising, respectively, at least one loading or offloading arm, the arm having a pipe therein, the pipe having a hybrid metal-composite structure including an hydraulic metal liner and a composite structural over-wrap, the pipe being for conveying at pressure of at least 30 bar.
2. The system of claim"! , comprising a further pipe, piping or pipework that is involved in the loading/offloading activities, at least a portion of that pipe taking the form of at least one of an hybrid metal-composite structure, a cladded metal liner or a non-metallic liner wrapped with fibres.
3. The system of claiml or claim 2, comprising a floating structure, the composite or hybrid structure being a weight acting upon that floating structure.
4. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the gas is offloaded or loaded at a pressure that is at least 200 bar, at least 250 bar, at least 350 bar, at least 700 bar or at least 1000 bar.
5. The system of any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one of a CALM buoy system, a STL system, a SLS systems or a SAL system.
6. The system of any one of the preceding claims that comprises a gas loading system comprising a compression unit and a dehydration unit, both submerged and placed on the sea bed, and connected through to a gas loading point, wherein the two submerged units are powered by wave energy.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the wave energy is converted into a suitable power source by one or more local offshore wave energy converter (OWEC).
8. The system of claim 7, further comprising an energy storage device for storing excess energy from the OWEC for transferring excess energy either or both to the shore or to a ship that is connected to the system.
9. The system of any one of the preceding claims, comprising composites in a turret or arm of a floating structure for loading or offloading of CNG ships, wherein the floating structure is one of a buoy, a platform, a jetty or a FPSO (floating production, storage and offloading unit).
10. The system of any one of the preceding claims, comprising piping or pipework that is involved in the loading/offloading activities, the piping or pipework including a number of different structures of pipe, including at least one of a hybrid metal-composite structure, a cladded metal liner or a non-metallic liner wrapped with fibres where the non-metallic liner may be DCPD or HPDE.
1 1. The system of any one of the preceding claims comprising composites having a generally tubular configuration where carrying internally a gas during loading or offloading, or on non-flexible portions of the loading arm, or on members having a linear symmetrical axis when not being provided for carrying internally a gas during loading or offloading.
12. The system of any one of the preceding claims wherein composites are used for supporting structures of the loading arm to further reduce their overall weight.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein tubular-like composite structures are used in at least one location where the stresses are mostly compressive.
14. The system of claim 12or claim 13, wherein beam-like structures are used in at least one location where the stresses are mostly flexural or tensile.
15. The system of claim 13, wherein the tubular components are manufactured with a filament winding technique about a mandrel or liner.
16. The system of claim 14, wherein the beam components are manufactured with a pultrusion technique consisting of pulling, pushing or or extruding a continuous line of fibers reinforcement through an impregnating resin bath, so as to impregnate the reinforcement as a batch, and then combining those fibres in a die that forms them into the desired shape of the beam by having a hole of that desired cross section.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein the combined fibres are then passed through a curing oven to consolidate the resin system, prior to cutting them to length.
18. The system of claim 16or claim 17, wherein the die is heated.
19. The system of any one of the preceding claims, comprising a buoy at or near the water's surface and a subsea piping manifold at or near the seabed, wherein a riser connecting the buoy to the subsea piping manifold comprises a composite or hybrid pipe along at least a portion of its length.
20. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the pipes carrying the gas during offloading or loading comprise at least a portion that is either a composite pipe or a hybrid pipe.
21. The system of claim 20, wherein the portion is a hybrid pipe that is made of plastics with an internal metallic coating.
22. The system of claim 20, wherein the portion is a composite design having an internal metallic coating and a fibre wrap integrated within a resin body.
23. The system of any one of the preceding claims, comprising:
CNG loading facilities for loading CNG on board of a ship;
CNG storage facilities for storing the loaded CNG onboard the ship at storage pressures and temperatures; and
CNG unloading facilities for unloading CNG to a delivery point, the delivery point requiring the unloaded CNG to be at delivery pressures and temperatures generally different from the storage pressures and temperatures,
wherein the CNG unloading facilities comprise:
a CNG heater for heating the to-be-unloaded CNG prior to unloading;
a lamination valve for allowing the to-be-unloaded CNG to expand from the storage pressure to the delivery pressure prior to unloading.
24. The system of claim 23, wherein the CNG heater is a hot water heater.
25. The system of claim 24, wherein the CNG heater is configured for being controlled by means of a temperature control valve, the system comprising the temperature control valve.
26. The system of claim 25, wherein the temperature control valve is in turn configured for being controlled by a temperature controller configured for elaborating information provided to it by at least one temperature control unit, the system comprising said temperature controller and temperature control unit.
27. The system of any one of claims 23 to 26, wherein the opening of the lamination valve can be continuously varied within an interval comprised between a maximum value and a minimum value of said opening.
28. The system of claim 27, wherein the lamination valve is configured for being controlled by a lamination valve controller, the system also comprising the lamination valve controller.
29. A system in accordance with claim 28, wherein the lamination valve controller is configured for elaborating information provided to it by a lamination pressure control unit, the system comprising the lamination pressure control unit.
30. A system in accordance with claim 28or 29, wherein the lamination valve controller is configured for elaborating information provided to it by a lamination flow control unit, the system comprising the lamination flow control unit.
31. A system in accordance with any one of claims 23 to 30, the CNG unloading facilities further comprising a compressor unit for compressing the unloaded CNG prior to unloading.
32. A system in accordance with claim 31 , wherein the compressor unit is located downstream of the CNG heater.
33. A system in accordance with claim 31 or 32, wherein the compressor unit is driven by either electricity or a gas turbine unit.
34. A system in accordance with claim 33, wherein the gas turbine unit is supplied by a fuel supply unit, and wherein the fuel supply unit is configured for receiving CNG as fuel, the CNG fuel being a portion of the CNG stored on board of the ship, the system comprising the fuel supply unit.
35. A system in accordance with any one of claims 31 to 34, wherein the CNG unloading facilities further comprise a separator unit for separating liquid from CNG, the separator unit being located downstream of the CNG heater and upstream of the compressor unit.
36. A system in accordance with claim 35, wherein the separator unit is a knock out drum.
37. A system in accordance with claim 35 or 36, wherein the separator unit is connected to a level sensor configured for sensing liquid level inside the separator unit, the system comprising the level sensor.
38. A system in accordance with claim 37, wherein the level sensor is operably connected to a liquid drainage valve, and the liquid drainage valve is configured for draining the liquid from the separator into a drainage system.
39. A system in accordance with any one of claims 31 to 38, wherein the CNG unloading facilities further comprise a compressor unit after cooler, the compressor unit after cooler being located downstream of the compressor unit and being configured for heat to be transferred from the compressed CNG to CNG being transferred from the CNG storage facilities to the CNG unloading facilities.
40. A system in accordance with claim 39, the CNG unloading facilities further comprising a gas export cooler, the gas export cooler being located downstream of the compressor unit after cooler.
41. A system in accordance with any one of claims 35 to 40, wherein the unloading facilities further comprise a compressor pressure control unit located downstream of the compressor unit, a separator flow control unit located downstream of the separator unit and upstream of the compressor unit, and a feedback flow valve located downstream of the compressor pressure control unit, wherein the separator flow control unit and the compressor pressure control unit are each configured to provide information to a compressor controller, also comprised in the system, the compressor controller being programmed for operating the feedback flow valve so that unloaded CNG can be re-injected into the compressor unit before it is unloaded by the CNG unloading facilities.
42. A system in accordance with any one of claims 23 to 41 , the system further comprising a blow down unit for allowing CNG to be ejected from the system for safety reasons.
43. A system in accordance with any one of claims 23 to 42, wherein the compressor unit is designed for providing a maximum pressure gradient of approximately 90 barg or in excess of 90 barg.
44. The system of any one of claims 23 to 43, wherein the loading and unloading facilities are on one of a platform, a buoy or a jetty, or on a piece of equipment connected thereto, such as a CNG carrier ship, a PLEM or an FPSO.
45. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the gas during loading or offloading is passed through a hybrid pipe comprising:
an inner metallic layer or sleeve having an inner side which, in use, is in contact with the CNG, and an outer side; and
a composite material over-wrapping layer or sleeve wrapping over the inner metallic sleeve all around the outer side thereof;
wherein the composite over-wrapping sleeve comprises fibres oriented substantially transversally with respect to the pipe's axis.
46. The system of claim 45, wherein the inner metallic layer or sleeve is provided as a liner for the hybrid pipe, the liner having a wall thickness comprised in the range of between 0.5 to 2 mm.
47. The system of claim 45 or claim 46, wherein the composite over- wrapping layer or sleeve comprises a thermosetting resin.
48. The system of any one of claims 45 to 47, wherein the internal diameter of the pipe is in the range of between 3 inches (approximately 7.5 cm) and 12 inches (approximately 30 cm).
49. The system of any one of claims 45 to 48, wherein the composite over- wrapping layer or sleeve comprises a translucent resin.
50. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the gas during loading or offloading is passed through a hybrid pipe comprising:
a first pipe and a second pipe, the first and second pipes having substantially similar internal and external diameters, the first and second pipes being end-to-end welded together so as to form a weld line extending all around the hybrid pipe; and a composite material over-wrapping strip covering the weld line all around the hybrid pipe,
wherein the composite strip comprises fibres oriented substantially transversally with respect to the weld line.
51. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the gas during loading or offloading is passed through a hybrid pipe comprising an internally coated pipe, wherein the pipe is made of a thermoset plastics material, the internal coating being made of a metallic material.
52. The system of claim 51 , wherein the thermoset plastics material is DCPD.
53. The system of any one of the preceding claims comprising a piping network with high pressure sections suited to withstand pressures in excess of 140 bar, mid pressure sections suited to withstand pressures of between 90 and 140 bar, and low pressure sections suited to withstand pressures of between 30 and 90 bar.
54. A method for loading and storing CNG onboard a ship and for unloading
CNG therefrom, comprising providing a system according to any one of the preceding claims and then performing the sequential steps of:
loading CNG onboard a ship;
storing the loaded CNG onboard the ship for transportation purposes at a range of storage pressures and temperatures; and
unloading the to-be-unloaded CNG from the ship to a delivery point, the delivery pressures and temperatures of the unloaded CNG being a range that is generally different from the range of storage pressures and temperatures, wherein the step of unloading the to-be-unloaded CNG from the ship comprises the steps of:
heating the to-be-unloaded CNG prior to unloading; and
allowing the then heated, to-be-unloaded CNG to expand freely through a lamination valve whereby the to-be-unloaded CNG can be delivered at the delivery point at the delivery pressure and temperature.
55. A method according to claim 54, wherein the step of heating the to-be- unloaded CNG prior to unloading is carried out using a hot water heat exchanger.
56. A method according to claim 55, wherein the step of heating the to-be- unloaded CNG prior to unloading comprises the further steps of:
sensing the temperature of to-be-unloaded CNG in exit from the hot water heat exchanger; by means of a temperature control unit;
sending temperature information on the to-be-unloaded CNG to a temperature controller;
controlling the hot water heat exchange by means of a temperature control valve, the temperature control valve being operably connected to the temperature controller.
57. A method according to claim 54, 55 or 56, wherein the step of allowing the then heated, to-be-unloaded CNG to expand freely through a lamination valve further comprises the steps of:
using a lamination pressure control unit and/or a lamination flow control unit to sense respectively pressure and/or flow rate information about the to-be-unloaded CNG downstream of the lamination valve;
sending the sensed pressure and/or flow rate information to a lamination valve controller;
controlling the opening of the lamination valve by means of the lamination controller.
58. A method according to any one of claims 54 to 57, wherein the step of unloading the to-be-unloaded CNG from the ship further comprises the step of:
compressing the to-be-unloaded CNG using a compressor unit.
59 A method according to claim 61 , wherein the step of compressing the to- be-unloaded CNG using a compressor unit is performed between the steps of:
heating the to-be-unloaded CNG prior to unloading; and
allowing the then heated, to-be-unloaded CNG to expand freely through a lamination valve whereby the to-be-unloaded CNG can be delivered at the delivery point at the delivery pressure and temperature.
60. A method according to claims 58 or 59, wherein the step of unloading the to-be-unloaded CNG from the ship further comprises the step of:
separating liquid from the to-be-unloaded CNG using a separator unit.
61. A method according to claim 60, wherein the step of separating liquid from the to-be-unloaded CNG using a separator unit is performed between the steps of heating the to-be-unloaded CNG prior to unloading and compressing the to-be- unloaded CNG using a compressor unit.
62. A method according to claim 60 or 61 , wherein the step of unloading the to-be-unloaded CNG from the ship further comprises the steps of:
sensing the level of liquid in the separator using a level sensor;
sending information about the level of liquid in the liquid separator to a level control unit; and
using the level control unit, controlling a drainage unit in order to drain liquid from the liquid separator when required.
63. A method in accordance with any one of claims 58 to 62, wherein the step of unloading the to-be-unloaded CNG from the ship further comprises the step of: cooling the compressed, to-be-unloaded CNG via a cooler unit downstream of the compressor unit.
64. A method in accordance with any one of claims 60 to 63, wherein the step of unloading the to-be-unloaded CNG from the ship further comprises the steps of: sensing pressure information about the to-be-unloaded CNG using a pressure control unit downstream of the compressor unit;
sensing flow rate information about the to-be-unloaded CNG using a flow control unit downstream of the separator unit and upstream of the compressor unit;
sending the pressure and the flow rate information to a compressor controller; controlling via the compressor controller a feedback flow valve located downstream of the compressor pressure control unit so that to-be-unloaded CNG can be re-injected into the compressor unit before the same is unloaded to the delivery point if required.
65. A method in accordance with any one of claims 54 to 64, wherein the method further comprises the step of:
providing a blow-down system so that CNG can be ejected into the atmosphere for safety reasons.

PCT/EP2012/074575 Statement under Article 19

In the amendments to the claims submitted herewith, the subject-matter of previous claims 2, 3 and 4 have been incorporated into new claim 1. In addition, claim 1 has been amended to recite that the pipe is for conveying at a pressure of at least 30 bar. Basis for the last-mentioned amendment is to be found at page 39, line 10 and page 43, line 14 of the specification as filed. Claims 2, 3 and 4 have now been deleted and the remaining claims renumbered.

The claims as amended extend to a system for loading or offloading gas comprising at least one loading or offloading arm, the arm having a pipe therein, the pipe having a hybrid metal-composite structure including an hydraulic metal liner and a composite structural over-wrap, the pipe being for conveying at pressure of at least 30 bar.

The articulated arm disclosed in Dl (US 6,416,086 Bl) seems to be designed to allow fluids to be conveyed through the tubular sections of the arm and through the rotating joint which connects the tubular sections, this articulated arm does not seem to require a separate mechanical arm and a separate pipe, as instead required by this invention ("...arm having a pipe therein"). The language of the claim is clear, claim 1 does not simply say that the arm comprises a pipe, but further specifies that the arm has a pipe in the arm, which is consistent with an arrangement where the mechanical function relating to the arm is separated, or decoupled, from the fluid transfer function relating to the pipe.

No mention is made in D3 (WO 2008/027649 Al) of systems comprising arms and pipes for loading/offloading CNG. As such, it is submitted that not only is the subject-matter of amended claims 1 novel over D3, but this disclosure cannot be combined with either of Dl and D2 to arrive at the present invention.

None of the cited prior art taken alone or in combination discloses the subject-matter of claim 1 as amended.

PCT/EP2012/074575 2011-12-05 2012-12-05 Loading-offloading system for cng operations Ceased WO2013083664A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EPPCT/EP2011/071790 2011-12-05
PCT/EP2011/071806 WO2013083170A1 (en) 2011-12-05 2011-12-05 Coated polymeric pipes and method of producing them
EPPCT/EP2011/071806 2011-12-05
PCT/EP2011/071790 WO2013083154A1 (en) 2011-12-05 2011-12-05 Hybrid piping for cng operations and method of producing the same

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US20160061381A1 (en) * 2014-03-17 2016-03-03 Igor K. Kotliar Pressure Vessels, Design and Method of Manufacturing Using Additive Printing
US11584041B2 (en) 2018-04-20 2023-02-21 Pella Corporation Reinforced pultrusion member and method of making
US11371280B2 (en) 2018-04-27 2022-06-28 Pella Corporation Modular frame design
NO348152B1 (en) * 2020-11-05 2024-09-09 Aker Solutions As Umbilical, use of an umbilical, and an appurtenant method

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FR2794738B1 (en) * 1999-06-14 2002-02-01 Fmc Europe ARTICULATED ARM FOR TRANSFER OF FLUID PRODUCTS WITH SPRING BALANCING WITH A LARGE TRAVEL
US8418337B2 (en) * 2006-08-29 2013-04-16 Conocophillips Company Dry fiber wrapped pipe
EP2419322B1 (en) * 2009-04-17 2015-07-29 Excelerate Energy Limited Partnership Dockside ship-to-ship transfer of lng

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