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WO2013082176A2 - Appareil, procédé et article pour générer un effet tridimensionnel y compris à l'aide d'images inversées et/ou de filtres passifs - Google Patents

Appareil, procédé et article pour générer un effet tridimensionnel y compris à l'aide d'images inversées et/ou de filtres passifs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013082176A2
WO2013082176A2 PCT/US2012/066882 US2012066882W WO2013082176A2 WO 2013082176 A2 WO2013082176 A2 WO 2013082176A2 US 2012066882 W US2012066882 W US 2012066882W WO 2013082176 A2 WO2013082176 A2 WO 2013082176A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
color
stereoscopic image
active glasses
eye lens
eye
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2012/066882
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English (en)
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WO2013082176A3 (fr
Inventor
Raif Khassanov
Eugene Luskin
Eugene GERSHMAN
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3D Digital LLC
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3D Digital LLC
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Publication of WO2013082176A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013082176A2/fr
Publication of WO2013082176A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013082176A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
    • H04N13/337—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] using polarisation multiplexing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/22—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
    • G02B30/23—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type using wavelength separation, e.g. using anaglyph techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/22—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
    • G02B30/24—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type involving temporal multiplexing, e.g. using sequentially activated left and right shutters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
    • H04N13/106—Processing image signals
    • H04N13/15—Processing image signals for colour aspects of image signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/324—Colour aspects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
    • H04N13/334—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] using spectral multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/398—Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to providing three dimensional (3D) visual effects from displayed images and may be useful in conjunction with, and applicable to a variety of different video displays and video projectors.
  • Examples described include methods and technologies that utilize frame sequential video streams and displays and particularly to shutter and active anaglyph glasses in combination with sequentially displaying images for creating stereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) effects.
  • Examples described further include methods and technologies that utilize passive filters in active anaglyph applications.
  • Producing increasingly better 3D visual effects has long since been an endeavor of many in the film industry, television industry and high-technology entertainment industry.
  • Producing and displaying 3D moving pictures may be performed in a variety of ways.
  • the basic requirement is to display offset (stereoscopic) images that are filtered separately to the left and right eye.
  • Using the stereoscopic images is a technique for creating or enhancing the illusion of depth in an image by presenting two offset images separately to the left and right eye of the viewer. Both of these two dimensional (2D) offset images are then combined by one's brain to give the perception of 3D depth.
  • 2D two dimensional
  • a traditional 3D display technology for projecting stereoscopic image pairs to users wearing special eyeglasses is referred to as anaglyphic 3D (with users wearing passive red-blue or red-cyan lenses).
  • anaglyphic 3D displayed images are made up of two color layers, superimposed, but offset with respect to each other to produce a depth effect.
  • the main subject is in the center, while the foreground and background are shifted laterally in opposite directions.
  • the visual cortex of the brain fuses this into perception of a three dimensional scene or composition.
  • problems involving image ghosting, retinal rivalry, wrong colors and difficulty focusing are common.
  • Liquid crystal shutter glasses are glasses used in conjunction with a display screen to create the illusion of a three dimensional image, an example of stereoscopy described above.
  • the lens for each eye of the liquid crystal shutter glasses contains a liquid crystal layer which has the property of becoming dark when voltage is applied, being otherwise transparent.
  • the glasses are controlled by a wireless transmitter from the display that sends a timing signal that allows the glasses to alternately darken over one eye, and then the other, in synchronization with the refresh rate of the screen of the display.
  • the display alternately displays different perspectives for each eye, using a technique referred to as alternate-frame sequencing, which achieves the desired effect of each eye seeing only the image intended for it.
  • alternate-frame sequencing a technique referred to as alternate-frame sequencing
  • frame sequential methods may be affected by a physical inability to replace one frame with another instantaneously. Because of technological imperfections of displays, active shutter glasses, and other limitations, it may take some time for an initial displayed image to disappear while the next image is already being displayed. Sometime this effect is called afterglow or afterimage. Depending on the application, this effect may cause double images or ghosting, color distortions, parasitic images, and other negative effects.
  • One example method may include receiving current frame data for a frame of video, accessing previous frame data, generating an inverted, dimmed version of the previous frame data, and combining the current frame data and the inverted, dimmed version of the previous frame data to provide the updated frame data.
  • the generating of an inverted, dimmed version of the previous frame data may include calculating an inverted version of the previous frame data and generating a dimmed version of the inverted version of the previous frame data.
  • the calculating of an inverted version of the previous frame data may include inverting a color associated with individual pixels of the previous frame data.
  • the generating of a dimmed version of the inverted version of the previous frame data may include reducing a brightness of individual pixels of the previous frame data.
  • the updated frame data may be used to display a first complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image of a video program, based on the updated frame data, on a display corresponding to a first refresh of the display.
  • the first complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image may include a first left-eye stereoscopic image of a first color and a corresponding first right-eye stereoscopic image of a second color.
  • Example methods may include displaying a second complementary primary colors- encoded stereoscopic image of the video program on the display corresponding to a second refresh of the display.
  • the second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image may include a second left-eye stereoscopic image of the second color and a corresponding second right-eye stereoscopic image of the first color.
  • the second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image may be related in a time sequence of the video program to the first complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image.
  • Example methods may include repeating the displaying of a first complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image and the displaying of a second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image corresponding to subsequent refreshes of the display during display of at least a portion of the video program, and generating a control signal to be sent to active glasses, for each time the display refreshes during the display of the at least the portion of the video program, to cause the active glasses to alternate between a first state of filtering out the second color while allowing the first color to pass through a left-eye lens of the active glasses and filtering out the first color while allowing the second color to pass through a right-eye lens of the active glasses and a second state of filtering out the first color while allowing the second color to pass through the left-eye lens of the active glasses and filtering out the second color while allowing the first color to pass through the right-eye lens of the active glasses such that a corresponding left-eye stereoscopic image is visible through the left-eye lens of the active glasses, and
  • An example electronic display may include a display screen, and a control unit operably coupled to the display screen.
  • the control unit may be configured to receive current frame data for a frame of video, access previous frame data, cause generating of an inverted, dimmed version of the previous frame data, and cause combining of the current frame data with the inverted, dimmed version of the previous frame data to provide updated frame data for display.
  • the control unit may be configured to cause generating of an inverted, dimmed version of the previous frame data at least in part by calculating an inverted version of the previous frame data and generating a dimmed version of the inverted version of the previous frame data.
  • the control unit may be configured to cause calculating an inverted version of the previous frame data at least in part by inverting a color associated with individual pixels of the previous frame data.
  • the control unit may be configured to generate a dimmed version of the inverted version of the previous frame data at least in part by reducing a brightness of individual pixels of the previous frame data.
  • control unit may be configured to cause displaying of a first complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image of a video program, based on the updated frame data, on the display corresponding to a first refresh of the display.
  • the first complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image may include a first left-eye stereoscopic image of a first color and a corresponding first right-eye stereoscopic image of a second color.
  • the control unit may be configured further to cause displaying of a second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image of the video program on the display corresponding to a second refresh of the display.
  • the second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image may include a second left-eye stereoscopic image of the second color and a corresponding second right-eye stereoscopic image of the first color.
  • the second complementary primary colors- encoded stereoscopic image may be related in a time sequence to the first complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image.
  • the control unit may further be configured to repeat the displaying a first complementary primary colors- encoded stereoscopic image and the displaying a second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image corresponding to subsequent refreshes of the display during display of at least a portion of the video program, and generate a control signal to be sent to active glasses, for each time the display refreshes during the display of the at least the portion of the video program, to cause the active glasses to alternate between a first state of filtering out the second color while allowing the first color to pass through a left-eye lens of the active glasses and filtering out the first color while allowing the second color to pass through a right-eye lens of the active glasses and a second state of filtering out the first color while allowing the second color to pass through the left-eye lens of the active glasses and filtering out the second color while allowing the first color to pass through the right-eye lens of the active glasses such that a corresponding left-eye stereoscopic image is visible through the left-eye lens of the active glasses, while not
  • a pair of active glasses for viewing an electronic display may include a left eye lens, a right eye lens, and a first passive filter associated with the left eye lens.
  • the first passive filter may be configured to block light having wavelengths between two nominal color spectra.
  • the active glasses may further include a first active filter associated with the left eye lens.
  • the first active filter may be configured to block wavelengths of light responsive to a control signal received from a control unit.
  • the active glasses may further include a second passive filter associated with the right eye lens.
  • the second passive filter may be configured to block light having wavelengths between two nominal color spectra.
  • the active glasses may further include a second active filter associated with the right eye lens.
  • the second active filter may be configured to block wavelengths of light responsive to a control signal received from a control unit.
  • the first and second passive filters may be implemented using three-band pass filters.
  • the three-band pass filters may each block light having wavelengths between a nominal blue and a nominal green spectrum and between the nominal green spectrum and a nominal red spectrum,
  • the first and second passive filters may be implemented using band block filters.
  • the first and second passive filters may be positioned to filter incoming light and provide filtered light to the first and second active filters, respectively.
  • the first and second passive filters may be positioned to receive light filtered by the first and second active filters, respectively.
  • the active glasses may include a control unit, which may be configured to receive a control signal for the active glasses to cause the active glasses to alternate between a first state of filtering out a second color while allowing the first color to pass through a left-eye lens of the active glasses and filtering out a first color while allowing the second color to pass through a right-eye lens of the active glasses and a second state of filtering out the first color while allowing the second color to pass through the left-eye lens of the active glasses and filtering out the second color while allowing the first color to pass through the right-eye lens of the active glasses such that a currently displayed corresponding left-eye stereoscopic image is visible through the left- eye lens of the active glasses, while not being visible through the right-eye lens of the active glasses, and a concurrently displayed corresponding right-eye stereoscopic image is visible through the right-eye lens of the active glasses, while not being visible through the left-eye lens of the active glasses, as a video program is displayed on an electronic display, the video
  • the control unit may further be operable to cause the active glasses to alternate between the first state and second state according to the received control signal by changing filtering characteristics of the left-eye lens and right-eye lens.
  • An example method may include passively filtering light in both a right and left eye of a pair of active glasses, such that selected wavelengths are not transmitted through either right or left eye of the pair of active glasses.
  • the example method may further include actively filtering light in both the right and left eye of the pair of active glasses, such that additional wavelengths are not transmitted through either the right or left eye of the pair of active glasses responsive to a control signal.
  • the passive filtering may be implemented by filtering light having wavelengths between nominal color bands.
  • An example method may further include receiving the control signal for the active glasses to cause the active glasses to alternate between a first state of filtering out a second color while allowing the first color to pass through the left-eye lens of the active glasses and filtering out the first color while allowing the second color to pass through the right-eye lens of the active glasses and a second state of filtering out the first color while allowing the second color to pass through the left-eye lens of the active glasses and filtering out the second color while allowing the first color to pass through the right- eye lens of the active glasses such that a currently displayed corresponding left-eye stereoscopic image is visible through the left-eye lens of the active glasses while not being visible through the right-eye lens of the active glasses, and a concurrently displayed corresponding right-eye stereoscopic image is visible through the right-eye lens of the active glasses, while not being visible through the left-eye lens of the active glasses, as a video program is displayed on an electronic display, the video program displayed including at least one complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image
  • a system for producing a three dimensional (3D) effect from displayed images is provided.
  • Images of a video program are displayed in a complementary primary colors- encoded stereoscopic image format, which includes stereoscopic images of objects or a scene.
  • Example complementary primary colors include red/cyan, green/magenta and blue/yellow.
  • One example of such a format is an anaglyphic image.
  • Corresponding stereoscopic images are displayed in different colors.
  • the display alternates the colors of the corresponding stereoscopic images and sends a control signal to active glasses worn by a viewer of the video program that causes a left-eye lens and right-eye lens filter to alternate the color which is filtered by the respective filter.
  • the viewer is able to view the video program with a perceived 3D effect without either of the lenses of the active glasses having to become opaque during display of the complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image.
  • a method of providing a three dimensional effect from an electronic display may be summarized as including displaying a first complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image of a video program on the display corresponding to a first refresh of the display, the first complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image including a first left-eye stereoscopic image of a first color and a corresponding first right-eye stereoscopic image of a second color; displaying a second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image of the video program on the display corresponding to a second refresh of the display, the second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image including a second left-eye stereoscopic image of the second color and a corresponding second right-eye stereoscopic image of the first color, the second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image related in a time sequence of the video program to the first complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image; repeating the displaying a first complementary primary colors- encoded stereoscopic image and
  • the generating of the control signal may include generating the control signal at a frequency equal to a refresh rate of the display.
  • the refresh rate of the display may be approximately 60 Hz or approximately 50 Hz.
  • the refresh rate of the display may be between approximately 60 Hz and approximately 240 Hz or between approximately 50 Hz and approximately 200 Hz .
  • the generating the control signal may include generating the control signal in synchronization with each refresh of the display.
  • the method may further include sending the control signal to the active glasses.
  • the sending of the control signal to the active glasses may include sending the control signal to the active glasses in synchronization with each refresh of the display.
  • the sending of the control signal to the active glasses may include sending the control signal to the active glasses at a frequency equal to a refresh rate of the display.
  • the first color may be one of red, blue and green and the second color may be another one of red, blue and green different than the first color.
  • the control signal may be a wireless signal.
  • the display of the video program may be in reverse. Neither the left-eye lens nor right eye lens is opaque during the repeating the displaying a first complementary primary colors- encoded stereoscopic image and during the displaying a second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image for each time the display refreshes.
  • a method of providing a three dimensional effect from an electronic display may be summarized as including receiving a control signal for active glasses to cause the active glasses to alternate between a first state of filtering out a second color while allowing the first color to pass through a left-eye lens of the active glasses and filtering out the first color while allowing the second color to pass through a right-eye lens of the active glasses and a second state of filtering out the first color while allowing the second color to pass through the left-eye lens of the active glasses and filtering out the second color while allowing the first color to pass through the right-eye lens of the active glasses such that a currently displayed corresponding left-eye stereoscopic image is visible through the left-eye lens of the active glasses while not being visible through the right-eye lens of the active glasses, and a concurrently displayed corresponding right-eye stereoscopic image is visible through the right-eye lens of the active glasses, while not being visible through the left-eye lens of the active glasses, as a video program is displayed on an electronic display, the video program displayed
  • the alternating between the first state and second state may include causing a liquid crystal filter of the left-eye lens to change filtering characteristics of the liquid crystal filter of the left-eye lens; and concurrently causing a liquid crystal filter of the right-eye lens to change filtering characteristics of the liquid crystal filter of the right-eye lens.
  • the changing filtering characteristics may include changing polarization of electronically controlled polarized filters for the left-eye lens and the right-eye lens.
  • the alternating between the first state and the second state may include alternating between the first state and the second state at a frequency equal to a refresh rate of the display.
  • the alternating between the first state and the second state may include alternating between the first state and second state glasses in synchronization with each refresh of the display.
  • the at least one complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image that alternates may be caused by: displaying on the display a first complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image of a video program on the display corresponding to a first refresh of the display, the first complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image including a first left-eye stereoscopic image of a first color and a corresponding first right-eye stereoscopic image of a second color; displaying a second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image of the video program on the display corresponding to a second refresh of the display, the second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image including a second left-eye stereoscopic image of the second color and a corresponding second right-eye stereoscopic image of the first color, the second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image related in a time sequence of the video program to the first complementary primary colors- encoded stereoscopic image; and repeating the displaying a first complementary primary colors-encoded
  • a pair of active glasses for viewing an electronic display may be summarized as including a left-eye lens; a right eye lens; and a control unit in operable communication with the left-eye lens and right-eye lens, the control unit configured to: receive a control signal for the active glasses to cause the active glasses to alternate between a first state of filtering out a second color while allowing the first color to pass through a left-eye lens of the active glasses and filtering out a first color while allowing the second color to pass through a right-eye lens of the active glasses and a second state of filtering out the first color while allowing the second color to pass through the left-eye lens of the active glasses and filtering out the second color while allowing the first color to pass through the right-eye lens of the active glasses such that a currently displayed corresponding left-eye stereoscopic image is visible through the left- eye lens of the active glasses, while not being visible through the right-eye lens of the active glasses, and a concurrently displayed corresponding right-eye stereoscopic image is visible through the right-eye lens
  • the left-eye lens and right-eye lens may each include a liquid crystal filter operable to receive voltage caused by the received control signal to change filtering characteristics of the liquid crystal filter.
  • the left-eye lens and right-eye lens may each include: an input polarizer configured to receive light from the display; a wavelength-dependent retarder coupled to the input polarizer configured to circularly polarize light of the first color in a first direction and circularly polarize light of the second color in a second direction; a wavelength-independent retarder coupled to the wavelength-dependent retarder configured to linearly polarize the circularly polarized light of the first color and linearly polarize the circularly polarized light of the second color; and a electronically controllable filter coupled to the wavelength-independent retarder operable to receive voltage to selectively filter the linearly polarized light of the of the first color and the linearly polarized light of the of the second color.
  • An electronic display may be summarized as including a display screen; a control unit operably coupled to the display screen, the control unit configured to: cause displaying of a first complementary primary colors- encoded stereoscopic image of a video program on the display corresponding to a first refresh of the display, the first complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image including a first left-eye stereoscopic image of a first color and a corresponding first right-eye stereoscopic image of a second color; cause displaying of a second complementary primary colors- encoded stereoscopic image of the video program on the display corresponding to a second refresh of the display, the second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image including a second left-eye stereoscopic image of the second color and a corresponding second right-eye stereoscopic image of the first color, the second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image related in a time sequence to the first complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image; repeat the displaying a first complementary primary colors
  • the control signal may be a wireless signal.
  • the display of the video program may be in reverse.
  • the control unit may be configured to generate the control signal at a frequency equal to a refresh rate of the display.
  • the refresh rate of the display may be approximately 60 Hz or approximately 50 Hz .
  • the refresh rate of the display may be between approximately 60 Hz and approximately 240 Hz or between approximately 50 Hz and approximately 200 Hz .
  • the control unit may be configured to generate the control signal in synchronization with each refresh of the display.
  • the control unit may be further configured to send the control signal to the active glasses.
  • a nontransitory computer-readable medium that stores instructions executable by a processor to operate an electronic display may be summarized as including displaying a first complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image of a video program on the display corresponding to a first refresh of the display, the first complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image including a first left-eye stereoscopic image of a first color and a corresponding first right-eye stereoscopic image of a second color; displaying a second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image of the video program on the display corresponding to a second refresh of the display, the second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image including a second left-eye stereoscopic image of the second color and a corresponding second right-eye stereoscopic image of the first color, the second complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image related in a time sequence to the first complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image; repeating the displaying a first complementary primary colors-encode
  • the generating of the control signal may include generating the control signal at a frequency equal to a refresh rate of the display.
  • the refresh rate of the display may be approximately 60 Hz or approximately 50 Hz .
  • the generating the control signal may include generating the control signal in synchronization with each refresh of the display.
  • a nontransitory computer-readable medium that stores instructions executable by a processor to operate a pair of active glasses may be summarized as including receiving a control signal for the active glasses to cause the active glasses to alternate between a first state of filtering out a second color while allowing a first color to pass through a left-eye lens of the active glasses and filtering out the first color while allowing the second color to pass through a right-eye lens of the active glasses and a second state of filtering out the first color while allowing the second color to pass through the left-eye lens of the active glasses and filtering out the second color while allowing the first color to pass through the right-eye lens of the active glasses such that a currently displayed corresponding left-eye stereoscopic image is visible through the left-eye lens of the active glasses, while not being visible through the right-eye lens of the active glasses, and a concurrently displayed corresponding right-eye stereoscopic image is visible through the right-eye lens of the active glasses, while not being visible through the left- eye lens of the active glasses,
  • the causing the active glasses to alternate between the first state and the second state may include causing a liquid crystal filter of the left-eye lens to change filtering characteristics of the liquid crystal filter of the left-eye lens; and substantially simultaneously causing a liquid crystal filter of the right- eye lens to change filtering characteristics of the liquid crystal filter of the right- eye lens.
  • the changing filtering characteristics may include changing polarization of electronically controlled polarized filters for the left-eye lens and right-eye lens.
  • the causing the active glasses to alternate between the first state and the second state may include causing the active glasses to alternate between the first state and the second state at a frequency equal to a refresh rate of the display.
  • Figure 1A and Figure IB are schematic views of a system for generating a three dimensional (3D) effect using active glasses, according to one non-limiting illustrated embodiment showing example images being displayed in sequence on a display of the system.
  • Figure 2A is a schematic illustration of a problem of afterglow.
  • Figure 2B is a schematic illustration of another example of afterglow.
  • Figure 2C is a schematic illustration of frames used to correct for an afterglow shown in Figure 2A in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2D is a schematic illustration of frames used to correct for an afterglow shown in Figure 2B in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a timing diagram of screen refreshes of the display corresponding to what a left eye and a right eye of a user is seeing through the active glasses of the system for generating a 3D effect shown in Figure 1A and Figure IB, according to one non-limiting illustrated embodiment.
  • Figure 4 is a diagram of representations of active liquid crystal filters of the active glasses of the system for generating a 3D effect shown in Figure 1A and Figure IB, according to one non-limiting illustrated embodiment.
  • Figure 5 is a diagram of representations of a stack of polarizers, light wave retarders and filters of the active glasses of the system for generating a 3D effect shown in Figure 1A and Figure IB, according to another non-limiting illustrated embodiment.
  • Figures 6A-6C are schematic illustrations of spectrum characteristics of a typical plasma TV matrix for Blue, Red, and Green states, respectively.
  • Figures 6D and 6E are schematic illustrations of spectral characteristics of achromatic filters.
  • Figure 6F is an example of spectral characteristics for a passive three-band pass filter which may be used in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 6G is a schematic illustration of spectral characteristics of an example band block filter for use in embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the active glasses 3D control unit and the display 3D control unit of the system for generating a 3D effect shown in Figure 1A and Figure IB, according to one non-limiting illustrated embodiment.
  • Figure 8 is a flow diagram showing a method of operating the display of the system for generating a 3D effect shown in Figure 1A and Figure IB, according to one non-limiting illustrated embodiment.
  • Figure 9 is a flow diagram showing a method of providing updated frame data in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a flow diagram showing a method of operating the active glasses of the system for generating a 3D effect shown in Figure 1A and Figure IB, according to one non- limiting illustrated embodiment.
  • FIG. 1A and Figure IB are schematic views of a system for generating a 3D effect using active glasses 104 and showing example images being displayed for sequential refreshes (Refresh 1, Refresh 2, Refresh 3, Refresh 4) of the display.
  • the refresh rate also referred to as the "vertical refresh rate” or “vertical scan rate” for cathode ray tube devices) is the number of times in a second that display hardware draws the image data. This is distinct from the measure of frame rate in that the refresh rate may include the repeated drawing of identical frames, while frame rate measures how often a video source can feed an entire frame of new data to a display.
  • the display is configured to send a signal 1 18 (wireless or otherwise) to the active glasses 104 that controls individual filter characteristics of a left-eye lens 110 and right-eye lens 108 of the glasses 104.
  • the control signal 118 is received from a transmitter of a display 3D control unit 1 16 by a signal receiver of a control unit 106 of the active glasses 104, which causes, according to the control signal, the left-eye lens 1 10 to have particular filter characteristics to filter out light of a particular color (e.g., color 1 shown for Refresh 1) and allow light through of a different color (e.g., color 2 shown for Refresh 1) emanating from the display of a left stereoscopic image 120 of a complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image displayed on the screen 1 14.
  • a signal 1 18 wireless or otherwise
  • the preferred choice of the complementary colors that are used for encoding the stereoscopic image depends of the sensitivity of the human eye to different colors and preferably provides good luminary balance. For example, in the case of using 3 primary colors (red, green, blue) the preferred balance will give green/magenta complementary colors.
  • control unit 106 of the active glasses 104 causes the right-eye lens
  • the right-eye lens 108 and left-eye lens 110 also filter out the other color (color 1 or color 2) which is not currently being filtered in by the corresponding lens.
  • color refers to the visual perceptual property corresponding in humans to the categories called red, green, blue and others. Color derives from the spectrum of light (distribution of light energy versus wavelength) interacting in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors. The familiar colors of the rainbow in the spectrum include all those colors that can be produced by visible light of a single wavelength. Light of different single or multiple wavelengths within the electromagnetic spectrum have different colors.
  • the display 112 switches the color of the left stereoscopic image 120 and right stereoscopic image 122 and correspondingly generates the control signal 1 18 to be sent to alternate the color (e.g., color 1 or color 2) that the corresponding left-eye lens 110 and right-eye lens 108 is filtering in. This is shown on the display for Refresh 1 and Refresh 2 in Figure 1 A. Note that for Refresh 1, the left stereoscopic image 120 is displayed in color 2 and the right stereoscopic image 122 is displayed in color 1.
  • the left-eye lens 110 is illustrated to show (by use of illustrative vertical dashed lines on the left-eye lens 110) that it is filtering in color 2 of the left stereoscopic image 120 and the right-eye lens 108 is illustrated to show (by use of illustrative horizontal dashed lines on the right-eye lens 108) that it is filtering in color 1 of the right stereoscopic image 122.
  • the refresh rate of the display 112 may be approximately 50/60 Hz (e.g., in accordance with European/U.S. standards). However, the refresh rate may also be greater or less than 50/60Hz, such as, for example, approximately 200/240 Hz (e.g., in accordance with European/U.S. standards). Preferably, the refresh rate is over approximately 50/60 Hz.
  • 1 10 and right-eye lens 108 occurs in between the display of the images such that a user may see through both corresponding lenses 108, 110 during the concurrent display of the left stereoscopic image 120 and right stereoscopic image 122 during the display of each image.
  • this alternation occurs in less than approximately 2 ms.
  • the alternation of the filtering as described herein may be applied to a variety of display systems and standards including, but not limited to, interlaced and non-interlaced systems, phase alternate line (PAL), National Television System Committee (NTSC) systems, progressive scan systems, plasma systems, liquid crystal display (LCD) systems, cathode ray tube (CRT) systems and various High Definition (HD) systems, etc.
  • the two different colors may be any two different colors that are different enough to be distinguished and filtered appropriately by the corresponding left-eye lens 110 and right- eye lens 108 to create the desired 3D effect.
  • color 1 may be any one of red, green and blue or a variation thereof and the color 2 is another one of red, green and blue or a variation thereof.
  • color 1 is red and color 2 is blue (or vice versa).
  • color 1 is red and color 2 is blue-green or cyan (or vice versa).
  • the display 3D control unit 116 may be configured to send a wireless signal to the signal receiver of the control unit 106 of the active glasses 104 to control the filtering characteristics of the active glasses.
  • the signal may be other than wireless.
  • This signal may be any suitable wireless or other signal for communication between the display 112 and the active glasses 104.
  • the signal may be, but is not limited to, an infrared signal, a radio frequency signal, a Digital Light Processing Link (DLP® Link) signal or a Bluetooth® signal, etc.
  • Other embodiments include any other configuration or combination of configurations that allow synchronization between the glasses 104 and the display 112, including using an emitter from the glasses 104 to the display 1 12, a specific timing signal used by both the display 112 and glasses 104, etc.
  • displays described herein may alternate colors of a left stereoscopic image and right stereoscopic image during each refresh of a display.
  • the previous frame may not yet be completely removed from the display - an artifact which may be referred to as afterglow.
  • This problem may occur in a variety of systems, including non-3D systems, systems utilizing shutter glasses, and systems utilizing active shutter glasses.
  • the system described with reference to Figures 1 A and IB may also experience afterglow in some examples.
  • Examples of the present invention include compensating for frame sequential or other methods that utilize relatively fast switching between different images.
  • An inverted dimmed down image of a previous frame may be added to a currently displayed frame, which may compensate for the afterglow in some examples and significantly diminish the afterglow.
  • Figure 2A is a schematic illustration of a problem of afterglow.
  • Figure 2A illustrates desired sequential frames 150 and 152.
  • the frames 150 and 152 may be frames intended to be displayed by the display 112 of Figures 1A and IB.
  • the frame 150 includes a white circle on a black background.
  • the next frame to be displayed, the frame 152 may include a two-color cross - e.g. the shaded region of the cross shown in the frame 152 may represent a color, e.g. green, while the remainder of the cross is white, as shown.
  • the frame 154 may instead result.
  • the frame 154 includes the desired cross as shown in desired frame 152, however, the frame 154 includes a faded version of the circle shown in frame 150.
  • the display may still be displaying portions of the frame 150 at some, generally lesser, intensity, when the display receives a signal causing it to display the frame 152. Accordingly, frame 154 may result. Accordingly, a viewer may experience artifacts as images of previous frames may linger in subsequent frames.
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic illustration of another example of afterglow.
  • the frames 160 and 162 may be frames intended to be displayed by the display 112 of Figures 1A and IB.
  • a cross may be displayed on a black background.
  • the cross may include a portion displayed in white and another portion in a color - e.g. the hatched portion shown in frame 160 if Figure 2B may represent a color, e.g. green.
  • a display may be instructed to display a white circle on a black background. Because of characteristics of the display, the cross may still be visible for a period of time even after the display begins displaying the circle intended for display in frame 162. Accordingly, the frame 164 may result.
  • the frame 164 includes the intended circle on a black background, but also a version of frame 160 (e.g. the cross).
  • Examples of the present invention include providing signals to a display for display of a frame where the frame contains the desired frame data combined with an inverted and dimmed down image from a previous frame.
  • the inverted image may include an image having regions whose color are an inverse of the corresponding regions of the previous frame (e.g. white regions where the previous frame was black, magenta regions where the previous frame was green, blue regions where the previous frame was yellow, red regions where the previous frame was cyan, and vice versa, etc.).
  • the amount of dimming may be selected based on the anticipated strength of the afterglow effect exhibited by the display to which the signals are provided.
  • FIG. 2C is a schematic illustration of frames used to correct for an afterglow shown in Figure 2A in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the frame 154 may instead result.
  • signals to display the frame 172 of Figure 2C may instead be provided.
  • the frame 170 may initially be displayed, the same as the frame 150 of Figure 2A.
  • the frame 172 includes the desired frame data (e.g. the cross of frame 152) combined with (e.g.
  • the frame 174 advantageously includes the desired frame data (e.g. cross), but may have slightly less overall contrast, however the image of the previously displayed frame may not be visible, or may be less visible.
  • FIG. 2D is a schematic illustration of frames used to correct for an afterglow shown in Figure 2B in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the frame 164 may instead result.
  • signals to display the frame 182 of Figure 2D may instead be provided.
  • the frame 180 may initially be displayed, the same as the frame 160 of Figure 2B.
  • the frame 182 includes the desired frame data (e.g. the white circle of frame 162) combined with (e.g. added to) an inverted and dimmed down version of the frame 160.
  • the cross having a black vertical portion and an oppositively-hashed horizontal portion shown in the frame 182, along with the dark grey background shown in the frame 182.
  • the oppositively-hashed horizontal portion of the cross shown in the frame 182 is intended to represent an inverse color of the horizontal portion of the cross shown in the frame 180 (e.g. if the portion is green in the frame 180, it would be magenta in the frame 182).
  • the frame 184 may result.
  • the frame 184 advantageously includes the desired frame data (e.g. circle), but may have slightly less overall contrast, however the image of the previously displayed frame may not be visible, or may be less visible.
  • signals provided to a display for display of a frame may include desired frame data combined with an inverted and dimmed version of a previous frame, which may be an immediately previous frame.
  • the frame data to be displayed by the display 112 in Figures 1A and IB may include an inverted and dimmed version of a previous frame. While combining current frame data with an inverted and dimmed version of a previous frame may advantageously find use in systems described herein, such as the system described with reference to Figures 1 A and IB, the technique may be used with other systems, including 3D systems using shutter glasses and non-3D systems where afterglow compensation may be desired even where the systems do not produce a 3D image.
  • Figure 3 is a timing diagram of example screen refreshes of the display 112 corresponding to what a left eye and a right eye of a user is seeing through the active glasses 104 of the system for generating a 3D effect shown in Figure 1A and Figure IB. Shown is a timeline 206 corresponding to what the user's left eye is seeing 204 and a timeline 210 corresponding to what the user's right eye is concurrently seeing.
  • the left eye is seeing the stereoscopic view of the object in the video frame from angle 1 in color 1 and the right eye is simultaneously seeing the stereoscopic view of the object in the video frame from angle 2 in color 2.
  • This configuration continues to alternate at a frequency substantially equal to and substantially synchronized with the refresh rate of the display 1 12 until tn-1.
  • the left-eye lens filter 304a and right-eye lens filter 304b are active liquid crystal filters operable to individually receive a voltage indicated and/or caused by the received control signal to independently change filtering characteristics of the liquid crystal filter to which the voltage is applied. A different voltage may be applied to the different filters at the same time as indicated and/or caused by the received control signal.
  • filter 304a and filter 304b use electrically controlled liquid crystal elements to select a specific visible wavelength of light for transmission through the filter at the exclusion of other wavelengths of light.
  • the filters are controllable by altering the number of red, blue and green pixels, which allow for the reduction of lucidity changes when implemented in the 3D system described herein.
  • red, green and blue light from the current complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image being displayed is filtered by the left-eye lens filter 304a to filter out color 2 (and allow color 1 to pass through) emanating from the corresponding left stereoscopic image of the complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image, while the right-eye lens filter 304b filters out color 1 (and allows color 2 to pass through) emanating from the corresponding right stereoscopic image of the complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image.
  • the left-eye lens filter 304a and right-eye lens filter 304b then alternate the color being filtered in synchronization with the refresh rate of the display 1 12 using the control signal from the display as described above.
  • Figure 5 is a diagram of a stack of polarizers 404a and 404b; light wave retarders
  • the input polarizers 404a and 404b are configured to receive the full spectrum red, green, blue (RGB) light from the display 112 and linearly polarize the light from the display 1 12. If the light from the display 112 is already polarized, the polarizing direction of the input polarizers 404a and 404b should be aligned with the polarization of the light emanating from the display 1 12.
  • RGB red, green, blue
  • the wavelength-dependent retarder 406a is coupled to the input polarizer 404a and is configured to circularly polarize light of the first color (i.e., the color of the left stereoscopic image of the displayed complementary primary colors- encoded stereoscopic image) in a first direction and to circularly polarize light of the second color (i.e., the color of the right stereoscopic image of the displayed complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image) in a second direction opposite to the first direction.
  • the wavelength-dependent retarder 406b is similarly configured.
  • the wavelength-dependent retarders 406a and 406b are configured to shift the incoming light wave 100% along the x axis (1/2 wavelength) and 50% along the y axis (1/4 wavelength) for 650 nm wavelength light. Also, in the example embodiment, the wavelength-dependent retarders 406a and 406b are configured to shift the incoming light wave 50% along the x axis (1/4 wavelength) and 100% along the y axis (1/2 wavelength) for 546 nm wavelength light and 436 nm wavelength light. The axes of the wavelength-dependent retarders 406a and 406b are turned 45 degrees relative to the axis of the input polarizer 404a and 404b, respectively.
  • the wavelength-independent retarder 408a is coupled to the wavelength-dependent retarder 406a and is configured to linearly polarize the circularly polarized light of the first color and also to linearly polarize the circularly polarized light of the second color.
  • the wavelength-independent retarder 408b is coupled to the wavelength-dependent retarder 406b and is also configured to linearly polarize the circularly polarized light of the first color and to linearly polarize the circularly polarized light of the second color.
  • the electronically controllable optical filter 410a is coupled to the wavelength- independent retarder 408a and is operable to receive voltage caused and/or indicated by the control signal from the display 112 to selectively filter out the linearly polarized light of the first color and selectively allow light through the second color.
  • the electronically controllable optical filter 410b is coupled to the wavelength-independent retarder 408b, but instead is operable to receive voltage caused and/or indicated by the control signal from the display 112 to selectively filter out the linearly polarized light of the second color and selectively allow light through of the first color. Any electronically controllable optical filter may be utilized. Other applicable filters or layers may be included in the stack described above.
  • FIGS 6A-6C are schematic illustrations of spectrum characteristics of a typical plasma TV matrix for Blue, Red, and Green states, respectively. Because, for example, the Blue and Green states (e.g. shown in Figures 6A and 6C) may emit light in overlapping portions of the spectrum, as may, for example, the Green and Red states, it may become impossible or impractical to create achromatic active switchable (e.g. tunable) filters that may allow all light emitted by one state to be blocked, while all light emitted by another state is not blocked. This may be impossible or impractical, because both states may emit some of the same wavelengths.
  • achromatic active switchable e.g. tunable
  • FIGs 6D and 6E are schematic illustrations of spectral characteristics of achromatic filters.
  • Achromatic filters generally refer to filters having opposite spectral characteristics.
  • the achromatic filters shown in Figures 6D and 6E correspond with a magenta and green state, respectively, for example.
  • Figure 6D illustrates spectral characteristics blocking light depending on wavelength for an active filter in a magenta state.
  • Figure 6E illustrates spectral characteristics blocking light depending on wavelength for an active filter in a green state.
  • the filters are achromatic in that their characteristics are opposite such that the 50 percent attenuation level may be the same in the green and magenta states (e.g. Figures 6D and 6E), and a 10% attenuation in the Green state filter (e.g. in Figure 6E) may correspond with a 90% attenuation in the Magenta state filter (e.g. in Figure 6D).
  • light emitted from a source may not have ideal spectral characteristics, and achromatic filters may nonetheless pass some light from the states they are designed to filter out. Accordingly, light that is supposed to be blocked from one eye using the active glasses may nonetheless go through and be detected by that eye. Depending on the application, this may cause double images or "ghosting," color distortions, parasitic images, and/or other undesirable effects.
  • Embodiments of the present invention may accordingly passively block portions of a color spectrum for anaglyph and other color changing (e.g. tuning) techniques, which may be used for creating and/or improving 3D effects.
  • passive filters e.g. long pass, short pass, multi band, band block, band stop, band pass, or combinations thereof
  • active filters may advantageously better filter chromatically opposite colors, which may minimize or reduce negative effects.
  • a passive and active filter combination for RGB sources in the green state would block light emitted by red and blue channels.
  • a passive and active filter combination may bock light emitted by a green channel.
  • the nominal color spectra for red may correspond to a range of wavelengths in which 80% or more in one example of the light emitted by a source in a red state is anticipated to fall. Similar nominal ranges may be defined for green and blue analogously. Other percentages may be used, including but not limited to, 50% or more, 60% or more, 70% ore more, and 90% or more.
  • FIG. 6G is a schematic illustration of spectral characteristics of an example band block filter for use in embodiments of the present invention.
  • the band block filter generally blocks light having wavelengths in a stop band from a first frequency fl through a second frequency £2.
  • the frequencies fl and f2 may be located at the respective portions of the band where the intensity of incoming light at that wavelength is reduced by 3dB.
  • a band block filter may be used, for example, in active glasses to passively block light having wavelengths located between two nominal colors.
  • active glasses in accordance with embodiments of the present invention may further include passive filters.
  • the filters 302a and 302b may be implemented using any type of passive filter, including but not limited to long pass, short pass, multi band, band block, band stop, band pass, or combinations thereof.
  • the filters 302a and 302b may have the same or different spectral characteristics.
  • the filters 302a and 302b may each be three-band pass filters, and may each have the spectral characteristics shown in Figure 6F.
  • the filters 302a and 302b may each be band block filters have spectral characteristics analogous to those in Figure 6G.
  • RGB light from complimentary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic images may enter the lift and right eye lens filters 302a and 302b.
  • Filtered light may be provided by the filters 302a and 302b, where the filtered light does not contain selected wavelengths blocked by the passive filters 302a and 302b, respectively.
  • the filtered light may enter the active liquid crystal filters 304a and 304b for filtering in accordance with control signals received from a controller, as described above. Accordingly, the filter 304a may provide Color 1 light from complimentary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image, while the filter 304b may provide Color 2 light from the complimentary primary colors- encoded stereoscopic image.
  • the passive filters 302a and 302b may be placed after the active filters 304a and 304b in other examples. In still other examples, the active and passive filters may be integrated together.
  • FIG 7 is a schematic view of the active glasses 3D control unit 106 and the display 3D control unit 116 of the system for generating a 3D effect shown in Figure 1 A and Figure IB.
  • the active glasses 3D control unit 106 includes a controller 506, one or more control input components 508, read only memory (ROM) 510, random access memory (RAM) 512, and the active filters/polarizers 514, each operably coupled to each other via a system bus 515.
  • the display 3D control unit 116 includes a controller 524, one or more control output components 526, ROM 18, RAM 520, and a display graphics engine 522, each operably coupled to each other via a system bus 530.
  • the non-transitory processor- or computer-readable storage media 510 and 512 may be in addition to any non- transitory storage medium (e.g., registers) which is part of the controller 506.
  • the active glasses 3D control unit 106 may include one or more buses 515 (only one illustrated) coupling various components together, for example one or more power buses, instruction buses, data buses, etc.
  • the ROM 510 or RAM 512 stores instructions and/or data or values for variables or parameters.
  • the sets of data may take a variety of forms, for example a lookup table, a set of records in a database, etc.
  • the instructions and sets of data or values are executable by the controller 506.
  • the control input components 508 are configured to receive control signals 528 from the display 3D control unit 116 that are input to the controller 506 which causes the alternation of filtering characteristics of the filters 514 in the individual left-eye and right-eye lenses of the active glasses 104 according to the received control signals 528 indicative of such alternation.
  • the control input components 508 may be those configured to receive signals including, but not limited to one or more of: infrared signals, radio frequency signals, (Digital Light Processing) Link (DLP® Link) signals or Bluetooth® signals.
  • the ROM 518 and RAM 520 stores instructions and/or data or values for variables or parameters.
  • the sets of data may take a variety of forms, for example a lookup table, a set of records in a database, etc.
  • the instructions and sets of data or values are executable by the controller 506. Execution of which causes the controller 524 to perform specific acts to cause the generating and sending of a control signal to cause the alternation of filtering characteristics of the filters 514 in the individual left-eye and right-eye lenses of the active glasses 104 synchronized with the refresh rate of the display 112.
  • Execution of instructions by the controller 524 also causes the controller 524 to perform specific acts to cause the display 1 12 to display complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic images with corresponding stereoscopic images of different colors and to switch the colors between the left stereoscopic image and right stereoscopic images each time the display 112 refreshes.
  • Specific operation of the signal generation and complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image displaying is described above and further below with reference to various flow diagrams ( Figure 8 and Figure 10).
  • instructions and/or data stored by the ROM 518, ROM 520, other computer readable or executable storage accessible to the controller 524 or graphics engine 522 may cause the controller 524, graphics engine 522, or combinations thereof to perform specific acts to cause frame data to be developed which includes a combination of current frame data with an inverted and dimmed down version of previous frame data.
  • the graphics engine 522 may receive source data, e.g. from a broadcast source, CD, DVD, Blu-Ray, or other source of video data.
  • the graphics engine 522 may ordinarily encode or decode the source data such that the data may be displayed on a display, e.g. the display 112 of Figure 1.
  • the graphics engine 522 may provide data for display of a current frame which includes a combination of current frame data received in the source data and an inverted and dimmed down version of the previous frame's data, as has been described above as well.
  • the graphics engine 522 may calculate data representing an inverted version of a previous frame.
  • the previous frame data may, for example, be stored in ROM 518, RAM 520, or other storage media accessible to the graphics engine 522.
  • the inverted version may be calculated by, for example, selecting a color representation for each pixel that is an inverse of the color representation provided in the source data for the previous frame.
  • the graphics engine 522 may generate a dimmed down representation of the inverted version of the previous frame.
  • the graphics engine 522 may adjust a brightness level of each pixel to a fraction of the brightness provided in the source data for the previous frame - examples include, but are not limited to, any percentage between 1 and 50 percent, any percentage between 1 and 30 percent, and any percentage between 1 and 10 percent.
  • Execution of instructions by the controller 524 may also cause the controller 524 to perform specific acts to cause the display 112 to display complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic images with corresponding stereoscopic images of different colors in accordance with the updated frame data and to switch the colors between the left stereoscopic image and right stereoscopic images each time the display 112 refreshes.
  • the graphics engine 522 may perform the specific acts to cause the display 112 to display complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic images with corresponding stereoscopic images of different colors in accordance with the updated frame data and to switch the colors between the left stereoscopic image and right stereoscopic images each time the display 112 refreshes.
  • the graphics engine 522 may perform specific acts to proved updated frame data including a combination of current frame data with an inverted, dimmed down version of a previous frame, in some examples, some or all of those specific acts may be performed by the controller 524.
  • the display 1 12 may display a complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image of a video program on the display 1 12.
  • the complementary primary colors-encoded stereoscopic image includes a first left- eye stereoscopic image of a first color and a corresponding right-eye stereoscopic image of a second color.
  • data for a current frame may be received.
  • the data may be received by a graphics engine, controller, or other processing unit or units.
  • the data may be received from any of a variety of sources, e.g. broadcast, CD, DVD, Blu-Ray, or other source of video or other displayable data.
  • data for a previous frame may be accessed.
  • the data may be accessed by a graphics engine, controller, or other processing unit or units and may be accessed from storage in, e.g. RAM, ROM, or other computer accessible storage media.
  • data may be calculated representing an inverted version of a previous frame.
  • a dimmed version of the inverted frame data may be generated.
  • the dimmed version may be generated by, for example, a graphics engine, controller, or other processing unit or units.
  • the dimmed version may be generated by, for example, adjusting a brightness level of each pixel to a fraction of the brightness provided in the source data for the previous frame - examples include, but are not limited to, any percentage between 1 and 50 percent, any percentage between 1 and 30 percent, and any percentage between 1 and 10 percent.
  • the amount of dimming may be determined based, at least in part, on characteristics of the display where the data will be displayed. Where the display has a strong afterglow, a higher percentage may be used. Where the display has a weaker afterglow, a lower percentage may be used.
  • 658 is shown after 656 in the example of Figure 9, in other examples 658 may be performed before 656 (e.g. a dimmed version of the previous frame generated, and an inverted version of the dimmed data calculated). In other examples, 656 and 658 may occur at least in part simultaneously.
  • the inverted, dimmed version of the previous frame may be combined with data for the current frame received in 652. In some examples 652 may not occur before 654 and may occur at any time prior to 660.
  • the inverted, dimmed version of the previous frame may be combined with data for the current frame by a graphics engine, controller, or other processing unit or units.
  • the current frame data and dimmed, inverted previous frame data may be combined by summing the current frame data with the inverted, dimmed version of the previous frame to provide updated current frame data.
  • the process may then repeat starting at 702.
  • the process may repeat at a rate equal to and in synchronization with the refresh rate of a display displaying a sequence of left-eye stereoscopic images and corresponding right- eye stereoscopic images in different colors corresponding to those being filtered in by the corresponding left-eye lens or right eye-lens.
  • logic or information can be stored on any non-transitory computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with any processor-related system or method.
  • a memory is a nontransitory computer- or processor-readable storage medium that is an electronic, magnetic, optical, or other physical device or means that non-transitorily contains or stores a computer and/or processor program.
  • Logic and/or the information can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions associated with logic and/or information.
  • a "computer-readable medium” can be any physical element that can store the program associated with logic and/or information for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, and/or device.
  • the computer-readable medium can be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus or device.

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Abstract

Des exemples de l'invention concernent des systèmes et des procédés pour aborder la rémanence à l'aide d'images inversées. Des systèmes à titre d'exemple pour produire un effet tridimensionnel (3D) à partir d'images affichées sont également décrits. Des images d'un programme vidéo peuvent être affichées dans un format d'images stéréoscopiques codées en couleurs primaires complémentaires, qui comprend des images stéréoscopiques d'objets ou d'une scène. Des images stéréoscopiques correspondantes sont affichées en différentes couleurs. A mesure que l'affichage est rafraîchi, l'affichage fait alterner les couleurs des images stéréoscopiques correspondantes et envoie un signal de commande à des lunettes actives portées par un spectateur du programme vidéo qui amène un filtre de lentille d'œil gauche et de lentille d'œil droit à faire alterner la couleur qui est filtrée dedans par le filtre respectif. Selon d'autres exemples, des lunettes actives sont décrites qui utilisent un filtrage aussi bien actif que passif.
PCT/US2012/066882 2011-11-29 2012-11-28 Appareil, procédé et article pour générer un effet tridimensionnel y compris à l'aide d'images inversées et/ou de filtres passifs Ceased WO2013082176A2 (fr)

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WO2015152852A1 (fr) 2014-03-31 2015-10-08 Simbt Simulasyon Bilim Ve Teknolojileri Muh. Dan. Ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. Procédé permettant d'obtenir plusieurs images stéréoscopiques sur une seule surface, et système de formation d'images stéréoscopiques
WO2017000317A1 (fr) * 2015-06-29 2017-01-05 爱侣健康科技有限公司 Lunettes vidéo à commande facile
WO2017032649A1 (fr) * 2015-08-21 2017-03-02 Essilor International (Compagnie Générale d'Optique) Filtre optique actif pour verres de lunettes
US10725322B2 (en) 2015-08-21 2020-07-28 Essilor International Active optical filter for spectacle lenses
US11550169B2 (en) 2015-08-21 2023-01-10 Essilor International Active optical filter for spectacle lenses

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