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WO2013075625A1 - 不锈钢矩形环轧件的热胀形方法 - Google Patents

不锈钢矩形环轧件的热胀形方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013075625A1
WO2013075625A1 PCT/CN2012/084949 CN2012084949W WO2013075625A1 WO 2013075625 A1 WO2013075625 A1 WO 2013075625A1 CN 2012084949 W CN2012084949 W CN 2012084949W WO 2013075625 A1 WO2013075625 A1 WO 2013075625A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bulging
ring
ring rolling
stainless steel
bulge
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2012/084949
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
夏欲民
邹伟
吴涛
雷静越
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AVIC Guizhou Anda Aviation Forging Co Ltd
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Guizhou Anda Aviation Forging Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2013075625A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013075625A1/zh
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16Heating or cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/08Tube expanders
    • B21D39/20Tube expanders with mandrels, e.g. expandable

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of bulging a ring member, and more particularly to a method of thermal bulging of a stainless steel rectangular ring. Background technique
  • Stainless steel rectangular ring rolling parts (referring to ring-shaped rolling parts with a longitudinal section of rectangular section), after rolling with a ring rolling mill, due to the influence of the rolling process and equipment limitations, the dimensional accuracy is generally not high; only in the shape of the ring rolling piece When the ideal and the performance of the equipment are excellent, the dimensional accuracy can reach 3% of the corresponding size. ⁇ 5%. (Three thousandths to five thousandths), and the rolled ring rolling parts have large stresses, and if they are not well controlled in the subsequent processing steps, defects such as warpage, deformation, and even cracking may occur.
  • the Chinese invention patent specification CN 101367104A disclosed on February 18, 2009 discloses a hydraulic bulging strengthening process for the external refilling of the steam turbine generator retaining ring, which passes the high-pressure pump of the peripheral high-pressure pump and passes the high-pressure liquid generated by the high-pressure cylinder.
  • the inner passage is then injected into the closed space formed by the fixed upper cone mold and the moving lower cone mold and the retaining ring via the passage in the force reducing column in the mold portion, so that the retaining ring is plastically deformed under the action of liquid pressure.
  • the retaining ring is used for the purpose of strengthening the retaining ring and improving the forming precision of the retaining ring.
  • the retaining ring is a rectangular ring member.
  • the method does not disclose in detail how to improve the dimensional accuracy of the ring member by bulging, but only for the purpose of improving the forming precision of the retaining ring in a general manner, that is, the method cannot solve the problem of low dimensional accuracy of the ring rolling piece existing in the prior art.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a thermal expansion method for a stainless steel rectangular ring rolling piece by using a bulging block, which is obtained by bulging the stainless steel rectangular ring rolling piece by three small deformations in succession.
  • a bulging ring rolling piece with high dimensional accuracy is to provide a thermal expansion method for a stainless steel rectangular ring rolling piece by using a bulging block, which is obtained by bulging the stainless steel rectangular ring rolling piece by three small deformations in succession.
  • the thermal expansion method of the stainless steel rectangular ring rolling piece of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the hot-rolled stainless steel rectangular ring rolling piece is set into the bulging machine, and the inner ring surface is sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the bulging block preheated to 255 ° C ⁇ 305 ° C.
  • the radial slider is at Closed state
  • the bulging machine applies an axial pulling force F to the mandrel slider to move it downward in the axial direction and press the radial sliding block along the inner hole taper surface of the radial sliding block to make the radial sliding blocks radially Simultaneous movement and diffusion, the bulging block mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the radial slider presses the ring rolling piece radially from the inner circumferential surface of the ring rolling piece, and the inner and outer diameters of the ring rolling piece are enlarged and the wall thickness is thinned.
  • the bulging temperature of the ring rolling piece is 890 ° C ⁇ 950 ° C
  • the bulging time is 15 s ⁇ 25 s
  • the dwell time is 7 s ⁇ 8s
  • the amount of bulging deformation is 0.9% ⁇ 1.2%
  • the bulging machine drives the mandrel slider to move upward in the axial direction in the radial slider, and drives the radial slider to move synchronously in the radial direction to close the bulging block away from the bulging ring rolling piece, and start the bulging machine.
  • the guide roller on the table drives the ring rolling member to rotate 45° along the central axis to complete the first rotation of the ring rolling member; according to the first bulging operation described above, the ring after the first bulging The rolling piece undergoes a second bulging.
  • the bulging temperature of the ring rolling piece is 850 ° C ⁇ 910 ° C
  • the bulging time is 15 s ⁇ 25 s
  • the dwell time is 9 s ⁇ 10 s.
  • the amount of bulging deformation is 0.7% ⁇ 1%;
  • the rotation of the ring rolling element is rotated 45° in the same direction as the first rotation direction;
  • the second bulging of the ring rolling piece after the second bulging is performed and in the bulging process, the bulging temperature of the ring rolling piece is 800 ° C ⁇ 870 ° C, bulging time is 25s ⁇ 35s, dwell time is 13s ⁇ 15s, bulging deformation is 0.5% ⁇ 0.8%;
  • the above stainless steel is preferably made of stainless steel having a grade of 1 Mn 18Cr 18N.
  • the axial pulling force applied by the bulging machine to the mandrel slider F is determined by the following formula:
  • The bulging coefficient of the bulging machine, the invention takes 1.26 ⁇ 1.52;
  • D the inner diameter dimension (mm) of the ring rolling piece after being inflated in a hot state
  • Do the inner diameter of the final product (mm) in the cold state after the lap is rolled
  • (the temperature compensation coefficient (%) of the ring rolling piece at the bulging temperature, lMnl8Crl8N stainless steel is 1.2% ⁇ 1.65%;
  • d The rebound amount of the inner diameter of the ring rolling piece after bulging (mm), lMnl8Crl8N stainless steel takes 2mm ⁇ 4mm.
  • the stainless steel rectangular ring rolling piece which is bulged by the thermal expansion method of the present invention has an inner diameter ranging from C»400 mm to ⁇ 4500 mm, a wall thickness of 10 mm to 200 mm, and a height of 40 mm to 750 mm.
  • the invention directly bulges by rigid contact between the bulging block on the bulging machine and the stainless steel rectangular ring rolling piece, and the required bulging size and the dimensional accuracy can be obtained.
  • the invention bulges through three small deformations, and by selecting suitable process parameters such as bulging temperature, bulging time and holding time, it can ensure that the stainless steel rectangular ring rolling piece does not generate dynamic recrystallization during the bulging process. , does not affect the structure of the ring-rolled piece, does not appear to be cracked, and can also make the amount of rebound of the ring-rolled piece after each bulging smaller; and by rolling the ring piece during the bulging process Rotating 45° in the same direction twice can eliminate the trace formed by the gap between adjacent bulging blocks on the inner circumferential surface of the ring rolling piece when the bulging block expands and bulges in the radial direction, thereby facilitating the smooth progress of the bulging process and Obtaining the bulging ring rolling piece with higher dimensional accuracy; in the whole bulging process, the bulging block can measure the change of the inner diameter size of the ring rolling piece and the rebound amount of the inner diameter size after each bulging, and measure The data is transmitted to the display of the bulging machine in time, so that the
  • the axial tensile force F applied by the bulging machine to the mandrel slider is determined by the bulging coefficient of the bulging machine ( ⁇ ), the yield strength of the material at the bulging temperature ( ⁇ . 2 ), and the ring.
  • the longitudinal section area (S) of the rolled piece is determined. Therefore, the axial tensile force F can be determined for different bulging machines and ring-shaped pieces of different materials and sizes, so that the ring-shaped piece is stressed during the bulging process. Uniform and reasonable, able to ensure bulging The smooth progress of the process, to avoid excessive force caused by bursting or too little force caused by the phenomenon of swelling.
  • the thermal bulging inner diameter dimension (D) of the bulging ring rolling piece is the inner product inner diameter dimension (D.) of the final product in the cold state after the bulging of the ring rolling piece, and the temperature compensation of the ring rolling piece at the bulging temperature
  • the coefficient (p t ) and the rebound amount (d) of the inner diameter of the ring-shaped rolled piece are calculated and determined, so that the hot-state size of the ring-rolled part can be precisely controlled during the bulging, and after the bulging ring-shaped part is cooled
  • the cold size of the dimensional accuracy is obtained, that is, the final product size of the ring-shaped rolled piece after bulging.
  • the invention swells the stainless steel rectangular ring rolling piece which has just been rolled and formed from the ring rolling mill, and not only the heat of the heat can meet the bulging temperature requirement, but also can avoid the phenomenon that the stress of the ring rolling piece is further increased after cooling and shrinking.
  • the hot bulging shape is beneficial to reduce the influence of stress on the dimensional accuracy of the ring rolling piece before the stress of the ring rolling piece increases. Thermal bulging also reduces the need for reheating, saving energy and increasing labor productivity. Moreover, preheating the bulging block can also prevent the temperature of the ring rolling piece from being too slow when bulging, and affecting the bulging temperature parameter.
  • the cold size of the stainless steel rectangular ring rolling piece after the bulging is detected that is, the final product size
  • the final product size reaches 1% of the corresponding size. ⁇ 2%.
  • Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a hot rolled rectangular ring rolling piece along its center line.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the bulging machine.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the installation of hot rolled rectangular ring rolling.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the process of thermal expansion of a hot rolled rectangular ring rolling piece.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a rectangular ring rolling piece after the bulging block is separated from the bulging shape. detailed description
  • the method of thermal bulging of the stainless steel rectangular ring rolling piece according to the present invention needs to provide a device such as a bulging machine, a robot, and the like.
  • a device such as a bulging machine, a robot, and the like.
  • the following is a detailed description of the specific implementation of the method by taking the stainless steel of China material grade lMnl8Crl8N as an example:
  • the main chemical element content (% by weight) of the stainless steel is: 0.1% C, including The amount of Si is 0.8%, the content of Mn is 17.5% to 20.0%, the content of P is 0.050%, the content of S is 0.015%, the content of Cr is 17.5% to 20.0%, the amount of N is >0.50%, the amount of A1 is 0.025%, and B is contained.
  • the amount is 0.001%, and the amount of lanthanum is Fe.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a bulging machine for carrying out the thermal bulging method of the present invention.
  • the bulging machine is mainly composed of a mandrel slider 1, a radial slider 2, a bulging block 3, and a table. 4 and the rail 5 is composed.
  • the mandrel slider 1 is conical and fits within the radial slider 2 to cooperate with the tapered inner circumferential surface of the radial slider 2, and the mandrel slider 1 can be driven by the hydraulic cylinder of the bulging machine in the radial slider 2
  • the inner edge moves up and down in the axial direction and squeezes the radial slider 2; the radial slider 2 is mounted on the guide rail 5 of the bulging machine and can move back and forth along the guide rail 5, and the radial slider 2 looks from the top view of FIG.
  • the bulging blocks 3 are fixedly mounted on the outer circumferential surfaces of the respective fan-shaped blocks, and each of the fan-shaped blocks can form a circular ring shape together with the bulging block 3 when the fan-shaped blocks are closed; 1
  • the radial sliding block 2 moves downward in the axial direction, the radial sliding blocks 2 can be synchronously moved and diffused in the radial direction to make the bulging block 3 reach the purpose of the bulging ring member, when the mandrel slider 1 is in the diameter
  • the bulging machine can drive the radial sliders 2 to move synchronously in the radial direction to close the bulging block 3 away from the bulging ring member, and the bulging block 3 is in the process of bulging.
  • the table 4 also has a guide roller (not shown) that drives the ring member to rotate along the central axis on the table.
  • Step 1 Install the machine.
  • the bulging block 3 on the bulging machine is preheated to 255 ° C ⁇ 305 ° C, and then the 1Mnl8Crl8N stainless steel rectangular ring rolling piece shown in Figure 1 is rolled and formed from the ring rolling mill. 10 ⁇ heat set into the bulging machine, so that the inner ring surface is sleeved around the outer circumferential surface of the bulging block 3, and the bottom surface thereof is placed on the upper surface of the table 4, at this time, the radial slider 2 is in the closed state. Shipment of the workpiece at the time of installation is mainly done by robotic operation.
  • Step 2 The first bulging.
  • the bulging machine is activated to move the mandrel slider 1 downward along its axial direction, and the mandrel slider 1 presses the radial slider 2 along the tapered surface thereof in the radial slider 2 so that Each of the radial sliders 2 is synchronously moved and diffused in the radial direction, and the outer circumferential surface of the bulging block 3 on the radial slider 2 is in contact with the inner circumferential surface of the ring rolling member 10, And pressing the ring rolling member 10 along the inner circumferential surface of the ring rolling member 10, so that the ring rolling member 10 receives a radial pressing force from the bulging block 3 from the inner circumferential surface to the outer circumferential surface, resulting in the inner portion of the ring rolling member 10.
  • the circumferential surface is enlarged in the radial direction, and the ring rolling member 10 is expanded in inner and outer diameters, and the plastic deformation of the wall thickness is reduced.
  • the ring rolling member 10 is firstly swollen by the bulging block 3, and the hydraulic pressure of the bulging machine during the bulging.
  • the cylinder applies an axial pulling force F to the mandrel slider 1, the bulging temperature of the ring rolling member 10 is 890 ° C ⁇ 950 ° C, the bulging time is 15 s to 25 s, the dwell time is 7 s to 8 s, and the ring rolling 10
  • the amount of bulging deformation is 0.9% ⁇ 1.2%.
  • the bulging time is the time after the ring rolling member 10 is bulged from the beginning to the end of the bulging shape; the holding time is that the ring rolling member 10 is bulged to a deformation amount and no longer deforms and remains inflated until it is maintained. The time at which the shape ends.
  • Step 3 Rotate for the first time.
  • the bulging machine drive mandrel slider 1 is moved upward in the axial direction in the radial slider 2, and the radial slider 2 is driven to move synchronously in the radial direction to close the bulging block 3 from the bulging shape.
  • the guide roller on the table 4 of the bulging machine is started to rotate the driving ring rolling member 10 on the table clockwise or counterclockwise along the central axis by 45°, thereby completing the ring rolling member 10 The first rotation.
  • Step 4 The second bulging.
  • step 1 Repeating the bulging process of step 1 causes the bulging block 3 to perform a second bulging of the ring rolling member 10, and the hydraulic cylinder of the bulging machine applies an axial pulling force F to the mandrel slider 1 during the bulging, the ring rolling member 10
  • the bulging temperature is 850 °C ⁇ 910 °C
  • the bulging time is 15s ⁇ 25s
  • the dwell time is 9s ⁇ 10s
  • the bulging deformation of the ring rolling 10 is 0.7% ⁇ 1%.
  • Step 5 Rotate a second time.
  • Step 3 is repeated to rotate the roller of the bulging machine to drive the ring rolling member 10 in the same direction as the first rotation direction by 45°, thereby completing the second rotation of the ring rolling member 10.
  • Step 6 The third bulging.
  • step 1 Repeating the bulging process of step 1 causes the bulging block 3 to perform a third bulging of the ring rolling member 10, and the hydraulic cylinder of the bulging machine applies an axial pulling force F to the mandrel slider 1 during the bulging, the ring rolling member 10
  • the bulging temperature is 800 °C ⁇ 870 °C
  • the bulging time is 25s ⁇ 35s
  • the dwell time is 13s ⁇ 15s
  • the bulging deformation of the ring rolling 10 is 0.5% ⁇ 0.8%.
  • the axial tensile force F is calculated as follows:
  • the invention takes 1. 26 ⁇ 1. 52 ;
  • the yield strength (MPa) of the stainless steel material at the bulging temperature the invention takes 180 MPa to 200 MPa;
  • the median diameter of the front ring rolling member 10 is ⁇ ⁇ %.
  • the median diameter of the ring rolling member 10 (the inner diameter of the ring rolling member 10 + the outer diameter of the ring rolling member 10) ⁇ 2
  • the bulging size of the ring-rolled part 10 in the hot state is calculated according to the following formula:
  • D the inner diameter dimension (mm) of the ring-rolled piece 10 after being inflated in a hot state
  • the stainless steel rectangular ring rolling piece which is bulged by the above method has an inner diameter ranging from ⁇ 400 mm to ⁇ 4500 mm, a wall thickness of 10 mm to 200 mm, and a height of 40 mm to 750 mm.
  • the invention directly bulges by rigid contact between the bulging block on the bulging machine and the stainless steel rectangular ring rolling piece, and can obtain the stainless steel rectangular ring rolling piece of the required bulging size, and the stainless steel rectangular ring rolling piece after the bulging is detected.
  • the cold size is the final product size, reaching 1%o ⁇ 2% 0 of the corresponding size; After testing the internal structure of the ring-rolled piece, no change occurred, and there were no defects such as deformation and warpage.
  • the method is applicable to stainless steel rectangular ring parts for producing rotary parts such as simple shells used in aerospace and other fields.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种不锈钢矩形环轧件的热胀形方法,其步骤为:把热轧不锈钢矩形环轧件(10)套装在胀形机内经预热的胀形块(3)外围,启动胀形机使胀形块从环轧件的内圆周表面沿径向挤压环轧件完成第一次胀形,胀形温度890°C-950°C,胀形时间15s-25s,保压时间7s-8s,变形量0.9%-1.2%;再使环轧件沿中心轴线旋转45°完成第一次旋转;再按上述操作进行第二次胀形,胀形温度850°C-910°C,胀形时间15s-25s,保压时间9s-10s,变形量0.7%-1%;按第一次旋转方向再旋转一次该环轧件完成第二次旋转;再按上述操作进行第三次胀形,胀形温度800°C—870°C,胀形时间25s-35s,保压时间13s-15s,变形量为0.5%-0.8%。胀形后的环轧件其尺寸精度可达相应尺寸的1‰-2‰。

Description

不锈钢矩形环轧件的热胀形方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种环件的胀形方法, 特别是涉及了不锈钢矩形环轧件的热 胀形方法。 背景技术
不锈钢矩形环轧件(指纵截面是矩形截面的环轧件)釆用环轧机轧制后, 由于受轧制工艺及设备局限性的影响, 其尺寸精度一般不高; 只有在环轧件 形状较理想和设备性能较优异的情况下, 其尺寸精度才能达到相应尺寸的 3 %。 ~ 5%。 (千分之三至千分之五), 而且轧制后的环轧件由于应力较大, 在后 续加工工序中如果控制不好易产生翘曲、 变形甚至开裂等缺陷。
2009年 2月 18日公开的中国发明专利说明书 CN 101367104A公开了一种 汽轮发电机护环外补液液压胀形强化工艺, 该工艺方法通过外设高压泵并使 其产生的高压液体通过高压缸内的通道, 然后经由模具部分中的减力柱内的 通道注入固定的上锥模与移动的下锥模及护环形成的封闭空间, 使护环在液 体压力的作用下发生塑性变形来胀形护环, 以达到强化护环、 提高护环成形 精度的目的, 从该专利说明书附图可以看出所述护环即矩形环件。 该方法对 于如何通过胀形来提高环件的尺寸精度未详细披露, 只是笼统地得出可以达 到提高护环成形精度的目的, 即该方法不能解决现有技术中存在的环轧件尺 寸精度低的问题。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种釆用胀形块来实现不锈钢矩形环轧 件的热胀形方法, 该方法通过连续三次小变形量对所述不锈钢矩形环轧件进 行胀形, 获得了尺寸精度高的胀形环轧件。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明所述不锈钢矩形环轧件的热胀形方法, 其 技术方案包括以下步骤:
把热轧不锈钢矩形环轧件套装进胀形机, 使其内环面套在经预热到 255 °C ~ 305°C的胀形块的外圆周面外围, 此时, 径向滑块处于合拢状态; 启动胀形机对芯轴滑块施加轴向拉力 F使其沿轴向向下移动并沿所述径 向滑块的内孔锥面挤压径向滑块使各径向滑块沿径向同步移动扩散, 装在径 向滑块外圆周面上的胀形块从环轧件的内圆周表面沿径向挤压环轧件, 环轧 件发生内、 外径尺寸扩大及壁厚减薄的塑性变形, 完成第一次胀形; 在本次 胀形过程中, 所述环轧件的胀形温度为 890°C ~ 950°C , 胀形时间为 15s ~ 25s, 保压时间为 7s ~ 8s, 胀形变形量为 0.9% ~ 1.2%;
胀形机驱动芯轴滑块在径向滑块内沿轴向向上移动, 并驱动径向滑块沿 径向同步移动合拢使胀形块脱离胀形后的环轧件, 启动胀形机的工作台上的 导辊使其驱动所述环轧件沿中心轴线旋转 45° , 完成环轧件的第一次旋转; 按上述第一次胀形的操作对经过第一次胀形后的环轧件进行第二次胀 形, 在本次胀形过程中, 所述环轧件的胀形温度为 850°C ~ 910°C , 胀形时间 为 15s ~ 25s, 保压时间为 9s ~ 10s, 胀形变形量为 0.7% ~ 1%;
按上述第一次旋转的操作对经过第二次胀形后的环轧件进行第二次旋 转, 本次旋转, 所述环轧件与第一次旋转方向同向再旋转 45° ;
按上述第一次胀形的操作对经过第二次胀形后的环轧件进行第三次胀 形, 在本次胀形过程中, 所述环轧件的胀形温度为 800°C ~ 870°C , 胀形时间 为 25s ~ 35s, 保压时间为 13s ~ 15s, 胀形变形量为 0.5% ~ 0.8%;
胀形结束后, 向上移动芯轴滑块, 合拢径向滑块, 取出经胀形后的环轧 件。
上述不锈钢优选材料牌号为 1 Mn 18Cr 18N的不锈钢。
所述胀形机对芯轴滑块施加的轴向拉力 F按下式计算确定:
F = ξ X σ 0.2 S
式中:
ξ——胀形机胀形系数, 本发明取 1.26 ~ 1.52;
σ 0.2——胀形温度下不锈钢材料的屈服强度(MPa ), lMnl8Crl8N不锈 钢取 180MPa ~ 200MPa;
S——环轧件的纵截面面积 (mm2 )。
所述环轧件在热态下的胀形尺寸按以下公式计算确定: D = Do ( 1 + β( ) +d
式中:
D——环轧件经胀形后处于热态下的内径尺寸 (mm );
Do —环轧件经胀形后处于冷态下的最终产品内径尺寸 (mm );
β( —环轧件在胀形温度下的温度补偿系数(%) , lMnl8Crl8N不锈钢 取 1.2% ~ 1.65%;
d——环轧件胀形后内径尺寸的回弹量 (mm ), lMnl8Crl8N不锈钢取 2mm ~ 4mm。
釆用本发明所述热胀形方法胀形的不锈钢矩形环轧件, 其内径尺寸范围 为 C»400mm ~ Φ 4500mm, 壁厚为 10mm ~ 200mm, 高度为 40mm ~ 750mm。
与现有技术相比, 本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明通过胀形机上的胀形块与不锈钢矩形环轧件进行刚性接触来直接 胀形, 可以获得所需要的胀形尺寸和有利于提高尺寸精度。
本发明通过三次小变形量进行胀形, 并且通过选择合适的胀形温度、 胀 形时间和保压时间等工艺参数, 从而可以保证不锈钢矩形环轧件在胀形过程 中不会产生动态再结晶, 不会对环轧件的组织产生影响, 不会出现胀裂现象, 还可以使每次胀形后环轧件的回弹量较小; 并且在胀形过程中通过把所述环 轧件两次同向旋转 45°, 可以消除胀形块沿径向扩散胀形时相邻胀形块之间的 间隙对环轧件内圆周面形成的痕迹, 从而有利于胀形过程的顺利进行和获得 尺寸精度较高的胀形环轧件; 在整个胀形过程中, 由于胀形块可以实时测量 环轧件内径尺寸的变化情况及每次胀形后内径尺寸的回弹量, 并把测量数据 及时传送到胀形机的显示器上, 从而在胀形时可以精确控制环轧件的胀形尺 寸。 综上所述, 釆用本发明所述方法胀形的环轧件可以得到尺寸精度较高的 最终产品尺寸。
在胀形过程中,由于胀形机对芯轴滑块施加的轴向拉力 F是由胀形机的胀 形系数( ξ )、胀形温度下材料的屈服强度( σ。.2 )及环轧件的纵截面面积(S ) 来确定, 因此, 可以针对不同的胀形机和不同材料、 尺寸的环轧件来确定轴 向拉力 F的大小, 使环轧件在胀形过程中受力比较均匀和合理, 能够保证胀形 过程的顺利进行,避免用力过大造成胀裂或用力过小造成胀不动的现象发生。 所述胀形环轧件的热态胀形内径尺寸 (D ) 由环轧件经胀形后处于冷态 下的最终产品内径尺寸 (D。)、 环轧件在胀形温度下的温度补偿系数(pt )及 环轧件胀形后内径尺寸的回弹量(d )来计算确定, 从而在胀形时可以精确控 制环轧件的热态尺寸, 并在胀形环轧件冷却后获得尺寸精度高的冷态尺寸即 环轧件经胀形后的最终产品尺寸。
本发明把刚从环轧机上轧制成形的不锈钢矩形环轧件趁热进行胀形, 不 仅其佘热能够满足胀形温度的需要, 而且可以避免环轧件冷却收缩后应力进 一步增大的现象, 趁热胀形有利于在环轧件应力增大以前减少应力对环轧件 尺寸精度的影响。 趁热胀形还可以减少重新加热的工序, 节约能源和提高劳 动生产率。 并且, 预热胀形块, 还可以避免所述环轧件胀形时温度降低过快, 影响胀形温度参数。
以牌号为 lMnl8Crl8N的不锈钢矩形环轧件为例,经检测胀形后的该不锈 钢矩形环轧件的冷态尺寸即最终产品尺寸, 达到了相应尺寸的 1%。~ 2%。; 经 检测该环轧件的内部组织, 未发生任何变化, 而且无变形、 翘曲等缺陷。 附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。
图 1是热轧矩形环轧件沿其中心线的纵剖面图。
图 2是胀形机的结构简图。
图 3是热轧矩形环轧件的装机示意图。
图 4是热轧矩形环轧件的热胀形过程示意图。
图 5是胀形块脱离胀形后的矩形环轧件的示意图。 具体实施方式
实施本发明所述的不锈钢矩形环轧件的热胀形方法需要提供胀形机、 机 械手等设备。 下面以中国材料牌号为 lMnl8Crl8N的不锈钢为例来详细说明 该方法的具体实施方式:
该不锈钢的主要化学元素含量(重量百分比) 为: 含 C 量 0.1%、 含 Si量 0.8%、 含 Mn量 17.5% ~ 20.0%、 含 P量 0.050%、 含 S量 0.015%、 含 Cr量 17.5% ~ 20.0%、含 N量 > 0.50%、含 A1量 0.025%、含 B量 0.001%、 佘量为 Fe。
用于实施本发明所述热胀形方法的胀形机的结构简图如图 2所示, 该胀 形机主要由芯轴滑块 1、 径向滑块 2、 胀形块 3、 工作台 4及导轨 5组成。 芯 轴滑块 1呈圆锥形并套装在径向滑块 2内与径向滑块 2的锥形内圆周面配合, 芯轴滑块 1可由胀形机的液压缸带动在径向滑块 2内沿轴向上下移动并挤压 径向滑块 2; 径向滑块 2安装在胀形机的导轨 5上并可沿导轨 5径向来回移 动,径向滑块 2从图 2俯视方向看是 12块分开的扇形块形状,各扇形块的外 圆周面上分别固定安装有胀形块 3 , 各扇形块合拢时与胀形块 3—起可以形 成一个圆环形状; 当芯轴滑块 1在径向滑块 2内沿轴向向下移动时可使各径 向滑块 2沿径向同步移动扩散使胀形块 3达到胀形环件的目的, 当芯轴滑块 1在径向滑块 2内沿轴向向上移动时胀形机可驱动各径向滑块 2沿径向同步 移动合拢使胀形块 3脱离胀形后的环件, 胀形块 3在胀形过程中具有实时测 量环件内径尺寸并把测量数据传送到胀形机的显示器上的功能; 此外, 在该 胀形机的工作台 4 上还有可驱动环件在该工作台上沿中心轴线旋转的导辊 (图中未示出)。
该不锈钢从轧制成矩形环轧件后进行热胀形的工艺步骤如下:
步骤 1 : 装机。
如图 3所示, 先把胀形机上的胀形块 3预热到 255°C ~ 305°C , 再把刚从 环轧机上轧制成形的如图 1所示的 lMnl8Crl8N不锈钢矩形环轧件 10趁热 套装进胀形机, 使其内环面套在胀形块 3的外圆周面外围, 其底面平放在工 作台 4的上面, 此时, 径向滑块 2处于合拢状态。 装机时工件的装运主要通 过机械手操作完成。
步骤 2: 第一次胀形。
如图 4所示, 启动胀形机使其芯轴滑块 1沿其轴向向下移动, 芯轴滑块 1在径向滑块 2内沿其锥形面挤压径向滑块 2使各径向滑块 2沿径向同步移 动扩散,径向滑块 2上的胀形块 3的外圆周面与环轧件 10的内圆周表面接触, 并沿环轧件 10的内圆周表面挤压环轧件 10,使环轧件 10从内圆周表面到外 圆周表面受到来自胀形块 3的径向挤压力,导致环轧件 10的内圆周面沿径向 扩大, 环轧件 10发生内、 外径尺寸扩大, 壁厚减薄的塑性变形, 环轧件 10 被胀形块 3第一次胀形, 胀形时胀形机的液压缸对芯轴滑块 1施加轴向拉力 F, 环轧件 10的胀形温度为 890°C ~ 950°C, 胀形时间为 15s~ 25s, 保压时间 为 7s~8s, 环轧件 10的胀形变形量为 0.9% ~ 1.2%。
所述胀形时间是环轧件 10从一开始被胀形到胀形结束后的时间;所述保 压时间是指环轧件 10被胀形达变形量后不再发生变形并一直保持到胀形结 束的时间。
步骤 3: 第一次旋转。
如图 5所示,使胀形机驱动芯轴滑块 1在径向滑块 2内沿轴向向上移动, 并驱动径向滑块 2沿径向同步移动合拢使胀形块 3脱离胀形后的环轧件 10 , 启动胀形机的工作台 4上的导辊使其驱动环轧件 10在该工作台上沿中心轴线 顺时针或逆时针旋转 45° , 从而完成环轧件 10的第一次旋转。
步骤 4: 第二次胀形。
重复步骤 1的胀形过程使胀形块 3对环轧件 10进行第二次胀形,胀形时 胀形机的液压缸对芯轴滑块 1施加轴向拉力 F, 环轧件 10的胀形温度为 850 °C ~910°C, 胀形时间为 15s~25s, 保压时间为 9s~ 10s, 环轧件 10的胀形 变形量为 0.7% ~ 1%。
步骤 5: 第二次旋转。
重复步骤 3,使胀形机的导辊驱动环轧件 10与第一次旋转方向同向再旋 转 45° , 从而完成环轧件 10的第二次旋转。
步骤 6: 第三次胀形。
重复步骤 1的胀形过程使胀形块 3对环轧件 10进行第三次胀形,胀形时 胀形机的液压缸对芯轴滑块 1施加轴向拉力 F, 环轧件 10的胀形温度为 800 °C ~ 870°C, 胀形时间为 25s~ 35s, 保压时间为 13s ~ 15s, 环轧件 10的胀形 变形量为 0.5% ~ 0.8%。
三次胀形结束后, 向上移动芯轴滑块 1, 合拢径向滑块 2并使胀形块 3 脱离环轧件 10, 用机械手取出环轧件 10从而完成胀形过程。
环轧件 10在胀形过程中, 所述轴向拉力 F按下式计算:
F = ξ X σ 0.2 χ S
式中:
ξ——胀形机胀形系数, 本发明取 1. 26 ~ 1. 52 ;
σ 0.2——胀形温度下不锈钢材料的屈服强度(MPa ),本发明取 180MPa ~ 200MPa;
S ——环轧件 10的纵截面面积 ( 匪 2 ) ;
所述环轧件 10的胀形变形量的计算方法为: 胀形变形量 = [(胀形后环 轧件 10的中径尺寸一胀形前环轧件 10的中径尺寸) /胀形前环轧件 10的中 径尺寸] χ ιοο%。
所述环轧件 10的中径尺寸 = (环轧件 10的内径尺寸 +环轧件 10的外径 尺寸) ÷ 2
为保证所述环轧件 10 经胀形后能够得到产品要求的最终尺寸, 环轧件 10在热态下的胀形尺寸按以下公式计算:
D = Do ( 1 + β( ) +d
式中:
D——环轧件 10经胀形后处于热态下的内径尺寸 (mm );
Do —环轧件 10经胀形后处于冷态下的最终产品内径尺寸 (mm ); β( —环轧件 10在胀形温度下的温度补偿系数 (%),对于不同的材料 在不同温度下的温度补偿系数不同, 本发明取 1.2% ~ 1.65%;
d——环轧件 10胀形后内径尺寸的回弹量(mm ), 本发明取 2匪 〜 ½m。 釆用上述方法胀形的不锈钢矩形环轧件, 其内径尺寸范围为: Φ 400mm ~ Φ 4500mm, 壁厚为 10mm ~ 200mm, 高度为 40mm ~ 750mm。 工业实用性
本发明通过胀形机上的胀形块与不锈钢矩形环轧件进行刚性接触来直接 胀形, 可以获得所需要的胀形尺寸的不锈钢矩形环轧件, 经检测胀形后的不 锈钢矩形环轧件的冷态尺寸即最终产品尺寸, 达到了相应尺寸的 1 %o ~ 2%0; 经检测该环轧件的内部组织, 未发生任何变化, 而且无变形、 翘曲等缺陷。 该方法适用于生产航空航天等领域使用的简形壳体等回转体零部件的不锈钢 矩形环件。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种不锈钢矩形环轧件的热胀形方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤: 把热轧不锈钢矩形环轧件套装进胀形机, 使其内环面套在经预热到
255°C ~ 305°C的胀形块的外圆周面外围, 此时, 径向滑块处于合拢状态; 启动胀形机对芯轴滑块施加轴向拉力 F使其沿轴向向下移动并沿所述径 向滑块的内孔锥面挤压径向滑块使各径向滑块沿径向同步移动扩散, 装在径 向滑块外圆周面上的胀形块从环轧件的内圆周表面沿径向挤压该环轧件, 环 轧件发生内、 外径尺寸扩大及壁厚减薄塑性变形, 完成第一次胀形; 在本次 胀形过程中,所述环轧件的胀形温度为 890°C ~ 950°C ,胀形时间为 15s ~ 25s, 保压时间为 7s ~ 8s, 胀形变形量为 0.9% ~ 1.2%;
胀形机驱动芯轴滑块在径向滑块内沿轴向向上移动, 并驱动径向滑块沿 径向同步移动合拢使胀形块脱离胀形后的环轧件, 启动胀形机的工作台上的 导辊使其驱动所述环轧件沿中心轴线旋转 45° , 完成环轧件的第一次旋转; 按上述第一次胀形的操作对经过第一次胀形后的环轧件进行第二次胀 形, 在本次胀形过程中, 所述环轧件的胀形温度为 850°C ~ 91 (TC , 胀形时间 为 15s ~ 25s, 保压时间为 9s ~ 10s, 胀形变形量为 0.7% ~ 1%;
按上述第一次旋转的操作对经过第二次胀形后的环轧件进行第二次旋 转, 本次旋转, 所述环轧件与第一次旋转方向同向再旋转 45° ;
按上述第一次胀形的操作对经过第二次胀形后的环轧件进行第三次胀 形, 在本次胀形过程中, 所述环轧件的胀形温度为 800°C ~ 87{TC , 胀形时间 % 25s ~ 35s, 保压时间为 13s ~ 15s, 胀形变形量为 0.5% ~ 0.8%;
胀形结束后, 向上移动芯轴滑块, 合拢径向滑块, 取出经胀形后的环轧 件。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的矩形环轧件的热胀形方法, 其特征在于: 所述 不锈钢是 lMnl8Crl8N。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的矩形环轧件的热胀形方法, 其特征在于: 所述胀形机对芯轴滑块施加的轴向拉力 F按下式计算确定: F = ξ x σ0.2 x S
式中:
ξ——胀形机胀形系数, 本发明取 1.26 ~ 1.52;
σ0.2——胀形温度下不锈钢材料的屈服强度(MPa), lMnl8Crl8N不锈 钢取 1讓 Pa ~ 200MPa;
S ——环轧件的纵截面面积
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的矩形环轧件的热胀形方法, 其特征在于:
D = Do ( 1 + β( ) +d
式中:
D——环轧件经胀形后处于热态下的内径尺寸 (mm);
Do —环轧件经胀形后处于冷态下的最终产品内径尺寸 (mm);
β( —环轧件在胀形温度下的温度补偿系数(%) lMnl8Crl8N不锈钢 取 1.2% ~ 1.65%;
d——环轧件胀形后内径尺寸的回弹量(mm), lMnl8Crl8N不锈钢取 2mm ~ 4mm。
5、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的矩形环轧件的热胀形方法, 其特征在于: 所述胀形的矩形环轧件, 其内径尺寸范围为 Φ400ηιηι~ Φ4500ηιηι, 壁厚为 10mm ~ 200mm, 高度为 40mm ~ 750mm。
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