WO2013073471A1 - 還元鉄とスラグの混合物の製造方法 - Google Patents
還元鉄とスラグの混合物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013073471A1 WO2013073471A1 PCT/JP2012/079131 JP2012079131W WO2013073471A1 WO 2013073471 A1 WO2013073471 A1 WO 2013073471A1 JP 2012079131 W JP2012079131 W JP 2012079131W WO 2013073471 A1 WO2013073471 A1 WO 2013073471A1
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- agglomerate
- iron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/10—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in hearth-type furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
- Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a mixture of reduced iron and slag by heating an agglomerate containing an iron oxide-containing substance and a carbonaceous material.
- a method of heating a fired pellet containing iron ore to about 1000 ° C. in a shaft furnace and reducing iron oxide contained in the fired pellet with a reducing gas (2)
- the agglomerate obtained by mixing and agglomerating carbonaceous material (solid reducing material) and iron ore is supplied to a moving hearth furnace (rotary hearth) and heated at about 1300 ° C.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 As such a method for producing reduced iron, for example, the techniques of Patent Documents 1 to 4 are known.
- Patent Document 1 describes that iron ore is directly reduced and pulverized, iron and gangue are separated, and then both are further pulverized to recover iron from each.
- CO gas or H 2 gas can be used as the reducing gas
- the heating temperature should be 700-1200 ° C
- the crushing can use a roll crusher or the like that can extend metallic iron into pieces
- separation of iron and gangue Describes the combination of separation with a 20 mesh sieve and magnetic separation.
- Patent Document 2 a mixture containing an iron raw material and coal is heated and reduced in a high-temperature atmosphere, the obtained reduced iron is pulverized, and then the particle size is selected with a predetermined particle size as a boundary. .
- the particle size sorter separates and sorts the particles into particles having an average particle size exceeding 100 ⁇ m and particles having an average particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less.
- Reduced iron particles having an average particle size of 100 ⁇ m or less are separated into strong magnetic particles containing a large amount of iron and weak magnetic particles having a small amount of iron by magnetic force, and reduced iron particles exceeding the predetermined particle size subjected to particle size selection,
- the ferromagnetic deposit particles are used as reduced iron.
- weakly magnetized particles are low in iron content and high in slag content, so they are reused as cement or asphalt. Therefore, in the said patent document 2, it does not consider at all about isolate
- Patent Document 3 a carbon-containing pellet composed of a plurality of types of dust and carbon material is produced, and this is subjected to reduction treatment at a temperature of 1250 to 1350 ° C. in a rotary hearth-type firing furnace, The dust inside the pellets is reduced by the carbonaceous material, and the metallic iron particles aggregated by the intra-granular mass transfer are metallically separated from the low melting point slag containing FeO generated from the dust gangue using the action of metallic separation.
- a method for producing high-grade reduced iron from iron-making dust that extracts iron particles to produce high-grade granular reduced iron is described.
- Patent Document 4 the basicity (CaO / SiO 2 ratio) of all slag-forming components contained in the raw material including slag-forming components such as gangue components contained in iron ore and the like is 0.6 to It is disclosed to be 1.8.
- basicity is adjusted in order to reduce content of sulfur [S] in granular metallic iron, and basicity and an agglomerate are not melted completely in this literature. The relationship between the molten state of the slag in the state is not described at all.
- the iron ore contains gangue.
- the gangue is a component other than minerals containing useful metals among the components that make up iron ore (crude ore) mined in the mine, and is usually an oxide such as Al 2 O 3 or SiO 2. It is configured. If low grade iron ore with a large amount of gangue is used, the following problems are likely to occur. That is, when low-grade iron ore is used in the above method (1), the amount of slag produced when the calcined pellets are reduced increases, but metal iron and slag are not separated during the reduction process. Slag remains. Therefore, as the iron ore, high-grade iron ore with a small amount of gangue is preferably used.
- the reduced iron obtained by the above methods (1) to (3) can be used, for example, as a raw material for electric furnace refining, but it is required that the amount of gangue brought into the electric furnace simultaneously is small. This is because if the amount of gangue increases, a large amount of slag is generated during refining of the electric furnace, and the energy required for refining increases.
- the SiO 2 component is the most common and the most common gangue component, but the amount of SiO 2 contained in the iron source used as the raw material for the electric furnace refining is 6% by mass. It is limited to the following (preferably 3.7% by mass or less).
- the world's steel production is on the rise, and the supply of high-grade iron ore may be insufficient. There are concerns. Therefore, development of a method using a low-grade iron ore having a large SiO 2 content (for example, an iron ore having a SiO 2 content of 6% by mass or more) is desired.
- the present invention has been made by paying attention to the above-described circumstances, and the purpose thereof is to reduce iron and slag of reduced iron and slag obtained in a semi-molten state in which all of the agglomerates are not completely melted.
- the object is to provide a technique for improving the separability.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing reduced-grade iron that can be used in conventional iron-making methods such as the electric furnace method even when low-grade iron ore containing 6 mass% or more of SiO 2 is used. It is to provide.
- the method for producing a mixture of reduced iron and slag according to the present invention that has been able to solve the above-mentioned problem is a process of agglomerating a raw material mixture in which a melting point modifier is further blended with an iron oxide-containing substance and a carbonaceous material,
- the present invention has a gist in that a part of the obtained agglomerate is heated so as to melt, and the step of reducing iron oxide contained in the agglomerate is included in this order.
- the above-described problem is a step of agglomerating a raw material mixture in which a melting point modifier is further blended with an iron oxide-containing substance and a carbon material, and a temperature at which a part of the obtained agglomerate melts,
- a mixture of reduced iron and slag having the gist of including in this order the step of reducing the iron oxide contained in the agglomerate by heating the agglomerate below the temperature at which it completely melts This can also be achieved by this manufacturing method.
- the amount of CaO supply substance to be blended as the melting point adjusting agent is adjusted, and the slag basicity [CaO / SiO 2 ] determined from the CaO amount and SiO 2 amount in the agglomerate is 0.2 or more. , It is preferable to control within a range of less than 0.9.
- the CaO feed material for example, CaO, Ca (OH) 2, and it is preferable to blend at least one selected from the group consisting of CaCO 3.
- the melting amount of the gangue contained in the agglomerate at a temperature subtracted 100 ° C. from the maximum temperature when the agglomerate is heated by adjusting the blending amount of the melting point adjusting agent is 50% by mass or more. It is preferable that The melting amount of the gangue may be determined based on the amounts of the three components CaO, SiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 contained in the agglomerate. When the gangue contains MgO, the melting amount of the gangue is determined based on the amounts of the four components CaO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and MgO contained in the agglomerate. That's fine.
- the agglomerate is heated to a temperature at which the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 ternary oxide contained in the agglomerate is 50% by mass or more of the ternary oxide amount. It is preferable to carry out at the temperature which added ° C.
- the heating of the agglomerate causes the amount of melting of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO quaternary oxide contained in the agglomerate to It is preferable to carry out at the temperature which added 100 degreeC to the temperature used as 50 mass% or more of the amount of original system oxides.
- the agglomerate is preferably heated at 1200 to 1450 ° C., for example.
- iron ore containing 6% by mass or more of SiO 2 can be suitably used as the iron oxide-containing substance.
- SiO 2 is blended in the iron ore, and the amount of SiO 2 contained in the mixture of the high-grade iron ore and SiO 2 It can also be suitably carried out by adding SiO 2 from the outside so that the total amount becomes 6 mass% or more.
- the iron oxide-containing substance and the carbonaceous material are further mixed with a melting point modifier (except for those that affect the melting point of iron), and then a part of the agglomerate melts and does not melt completely.
- a melting point modifier except for those that affect the melting point of iron
- the blending amount of the melting point adjusting agent is adjusted so that the melting amount of the gangue contained in the agglomerate is not less than a predetermined amount, or (b ) Melt amount of CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 ternary oxide contained in the agglomerate (when the agglomerate contains MgO, CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO quaternary oxidation)
- the agglomerate is heated, so that, for example, low-grade iron ore that has not been normally used conventionally (for example, iron ore containing 6% by mass or more of SiO 2) Etc.) can also be used to produce reduced iron.
- FIG. 1 shows the melting temperature L. of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 ternary oxide from the heating temperature T.
- Melting temperature of T or CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO quaternary oxide 4 is a graph showing a relationship between a value obtained by subtracting T (TLT) and a non-magnetization rate.
- FIG. 2 shows the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 ternary oxide at a temperature lower than the heating temperature T by 100 ° C. (T-100 ° C.) or the temperature lower than the heating temperature T by 100 ° C. (T-100 ° C.). Is a graph showing the relationship between the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO quaternary oxide in FIG.
- the inventors of the present invention have obtained a mixture of reduced iron and slag obtained by heating an agglomerate containing an iron oxide-containing substance and a carbonaceous material so that part of the agglomerate is melted and not melted.
- intensive studies have been made.
- a melting point adjuster is further added to the mixture of iron oxide-containing material and carbonaceous material, the separability when reducing pellets obtained by heating the agglomerates into reduced iron and slag is improved.
- the present invention has been completed by finding out what can be done.
- the present inventors have better separated reduced iron and slag (derived from the gangue component) (A) When the heating temperature for heating the agglomerate is determined, the maximum temperature for heating the agglomerate is adjusted by adjusting the blending amount of the melting point adjusting agent (for example, CaO supply substance).
- the melting amount of the gangue component contained in the agglomerate at a temperature subtracted by 100 ° C. is 50 mass% or more, or (b) the agglomerate is added to the CaO—SiO 2 contained in the agglomerate. It has also been clarified that heating may be performed at a temperature obtained by adding 100 ° C.
- the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO quaternary oxide contained in the agglomerate is the amount of the quaternary oxide. It was also clarified that heating should be performed at a temperature obtained by adding 100 ° C. to a temperature of 50% by mass or more.
- the present inventors use, as a raw material, a low-grade iron ore (for example, an iron ore containing 6% by mass or more of SiO 2 ) that has been rarely used as the iron oxide-containing substance.
- a raw material mixture containing low-grade iron ore, carbonaceous material, and a melting point adjuster was used to prepare an agglomerate that was agglomerated after the CaO / SiO 2 ratio was adjusted to a predetermined range.
- Reduced iron and slag are mixed by heating and reducing the product to a partially molten state, but these must be separable reduced pellets.
- this reduced pellet can fully isolate
- the manufacturing method of the mixture of reduced iron and slag according to the present invention will be described.
- a step of agglomerating a raw material mixture in which a melting point modifier is further blended with an iron oxide-containing substance and a carbonaceous material (hereinafter referred to as an agglomeration step)
- a heating step a step of heating so that a part of the obtained agglomerate melts and reducing iron oxide contained in the agglomerate.
- the iron oxide contained in the agglomerate is heated by heating the agglomerate at a temperature equal to or higher than a temperature at which a part of the obtained agglomerate melts and less than a temperature at which it completely melts. It can be reduced.
- the above melting point modifier means a substance that affects the melting point of components (particularly gangue) other than iron oxide contained in the agglomerate, excluding substances that affect the melting point of iron. That is, by blending a melting point modifier as the raw material mixture, the melting point of components (particularly gangue) other than iron oxide contained in the agglomerate is affected, and for example, the melting point can be lowered. Thereby, melting of the gangue component is promoted to form molten slag. At this time, a part of the iron oxide is dissolved in the molten slag and reduced in the molten slag to become metallic iron.
- the metallic iron produced in the molten slag is agglomerated as solid reduced iron by coming into contact with the metallic iron reduced in the solid state. Thus, in the present invention, a mixture of reduced iron and slag is obtained.
- the melting point adjusting agent it is preferable to use one containing at least a CaO supply substance.
- the CaO supply substance include at least one selected from the group consisting of CaO (quick lime), Ca (OH) 2 (slaked lime), CaCO 3 (limestone), and CaMg (CO 3 ) 2 (dolomite). It is preferable to do.
- the melting point adjusting agent only the CaO supply substance may be used, or in addition to the CaO supply substance, for example, an MgO supply substance, an Al 2 O 3 supply substance, a SiO 2 supply substance, or the like can be used. .
- MgO, Al 2 O 3 , and SiO 2 are also substances that affect the melting point of components (particularly gangue) other than iron oxide contained in the agglomerate, similar to CaO.
- the MgO supply substance it is preferable to blend at least one selected from the group consisting of MgO powder, Mg-containing substance extracted from natural ore or seawater, and MgCO 3 , for example.
- Al 2 O 3 supply substance for example, Al 2 O 3 powder, bauxite, boehmite, gibbsite, diaspore and the like are preferably blended.
- SiO 2 supply substance for example, SiO 2 powder or silica sand can be used.
- the amount of CaO supply substance to be blended in the agglomerate is adjusted, and the basicity of slag (CaO / C) obtained from the CaO amount (% by mass) and the SiO 2 amount (% by mass) in the agglomerate.
- SiO 2 of 0.2 or more, it is preferable to adjust such that the range of less than 0.9.
- gangue contained in the agglomerate in particular, CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 ternary oxide or CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3).
- the melting point of (MgO quaternary oxide) can be lowered.
- the basicity of the slag is more preferably 0.3 or more, and still more preferably 0.35 or more.
- the basicity of the slag is more preferably 0.8 or less, and still more preferably 0.5 or less.
- iron oxide-containing substance for example, iron ore, iron sand, iron-making dust, non-ferrous refining residue, iron-making waste, and the like can be used.
- low-grade iron ore that has not been conventionally used.
- low-grade iron ore that contains SiO 2 more than 6 wt% (hereinafter sometimes referred to as high SiO 2 content iron ore.) was prepared, and the high SiO 2 content of iron ore and carbonaceous material and the melting point adjusting
- the raw material mixture containing the agent may be agglomerated to produce an agglomerate.
- the ash content in the carbonaceous material and the melting point modifier are used as a flux to partially produce molten slag in the agglomerate.
- agglomeration of reduced iron can be achieved, and reduced iron can be produced in a short time. That is, when heating an agglomerate containing low-grade iron ore, carbonaceous material, and a melting point modifier as in the present invention, the FeO remains even if FeO—SiO 2 -based molten slag is generated in the agglomerate. It reacts with the carbon contained in the nearby carbonaceous material, and reduced iron is quickly produced. Therefore, in the agglomerate, reduced iron and gangue such as SiO 2 are generated separately, so even if reduced iron and slag are mixed, the gangue is easily crushed by crushing them. It can be separated into reduced iron and slag (gangue component). Therefore, conventionally, the high SiO 2 content iron ore has not been used as a commercial iron ore because of the high content of gangue, but according to the present invention, the high SiO 2 content iron ore is used as an iron source. be able to.
- reduced iron can also be produced by a method of reducing calcined pellets containing iron ore with a reducing gas in a shaft furnace at about 1000 ° C. as in the method (1) listed in the column of the prior art.
- reducing with reducing gas at a high temperature exceeding 1200 ° C. FeO—SiO 2 -based molten slag is generated in the fired pellets, and the progress of the reduction is stagnant. Therefore, the heating temperature needs to be 1200 ° C. or less.
- the heating is performed at 1200 ° C. or less, the reduced iron and the gangue are difficult to be pulverized and separated because the agglomeration of the reduced iron becomes insufficient even if the heating time is increased.
- the high SiO 2 content iron ore may be prepared iron ores containing SiO 2 or 6 wt%, iron ore, as gangue non SiO 2, usually containing Al 2 O 3 or the like is doing.
- high-grade iron ore having a SiO 2 content of less than 6% by mass can also be used.
- blending SiO 2 in the high-quality iron ore, as SiO 2 content in the mixture of iron ore and SiO 2 becomes 6 mass% or more in total, by adding a SiO 2 from the outside That's fine.
- coal or coke can be used as the carbon material.
- the said carbon material should just contain the fixed carbon of the quantity which can reduce the iron oxide contained in the said iron oxide containing substance.
- the iron oxide contained in the iron oxide-containing substance may be contained in a range of ⁇ 5% with respect to the amount of fixed carbon that can be reduced.
- the agglomerate may contain a binder or the like as a component other than the iron oxide-containing substance, the carbonaceous material, and the melting point modifier.
- a binder for example, polysaccharides (for example, starch such as corn starch and wheat flour) can be used.
- the iron oxide-containing substance, carbonaceous material, and melting point modifier are preferably pulverized in advance before mixing.
- the iron oxide-containing substance has an average particle diameter of 10 to 60 ⁇ m
- the carbonaceous material has an average particle diameter of 10 to 60 ⁇ m
- the melting point adjuster has an average particle diameter of 5 to 90 ⁇ m, for example. It is recommended to grind.
- the method of pulverizing the iron oxide-containing substance or the like is not particularly limited, and a known method can be adopted.
- a vibration mill, a roll crusher, a ball mill, or the like may be used.
- a rotating container mixer or a fixed container mixer can be used.
- a rotary container type mixer for example, a rotary cylinder type, double cone type, V type mixer or the like can be used.
- a fixed container mixer for example, a mixer provided with rotating blades (for example, a bowl) in a mixing tank can be used.
- Examples of the agglomerating machine for agglomerating the raw material mixture include a plate granulator (disk granulator), a drum granulator (cylindrical granulator), and a twin roll briquette molding machine. Can be used.
- the shape of the agglomerate is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a lump shape, a granular shape, a briquette shape, a pellet shape, a rod shape, or the like, preferably a pellet shape or a briquette shape.
- a magnetic beneficiation method and a flotation method are known as a method of beneficiating the iron ore having a small SiO 2 content from the high SiO 2 -containing iron ore.
- Magnetic separation is a method in which magnetic iron oxide and non-magnetic gangue components are separated by magnetic force, but it is necessary that iron oxide and gangue are separated from each other.
- the flotation method is a method in which a high SiO 2 -containing iron ore is finely pulverized and made into a slime, and then a foaming agent is added to float and separate the iron ore.
- the flotation method has a high processing cost, and large-scale use for iron ore has not progressed.
- Heating process it is important to heat so that a part of the agglomerate obtained in the agglomeration step is melted to reduce iron oxide contained in the agglomerate. That is, it is important to heat the agglomerate at a temperature equal to or higher than the temperature at which a part of the agglomerate melts and less than the temperature at which it completely melts. Specifically, if the agglomerate is supplied to a heating furnace and heated in a temperature range of, for example, 1200 to 1450 ° C., iron oxide contained in the agglomerate is reduced with a carbon material to produce reduced iron. Good.
- This temperature range is a temperature at which a part of the components is melted in the agglomerate, but there is almost no oozing out of the melt, and the agglomerate is maintained and the whole agglomerate is not melted. By heating in this temperature range, reduced pellets in which reduced iron and slag resulting from gangue are mixed are obtained.
- the heating of the agglomerate is such that the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 ternary oxide contained in the agglomerate is 50% by mass or more of the amount of the ternary oxide. It is preferable to carry out at the temperature which added 100 degreeC to the temperature which becomes. That is, when the component composition of the agglomerate is determined, the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 ternary oxide contained in the agglomerate is 50 mass of the ternary oxide amount.
- the temperature t that is at least% is obtained by calculation, and the agglomerate may be heated at a temperature equal to or higher than a temperature obtained by adding 100 ° C.
- the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO quaternary oxide contained in the agglomerate is 50% of the quaternary oxide amount. It is preferable to carry out at the temperature which added 100 degreeC to the temperature used as the mass% or more. That is, when the component composition of the agglomerate is determined, the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO quaternary oxide contained in the agglomerate is the amount of the quaternary oxide amount.
- the temperature t that is 50% by mass or more is obtained by calculation, and the agglomerate may be heated at a temperature equal to or higher than a temperature (t + 100 ° C.) that is 100 ° C. added to the temperature t.
- the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 ternary oxide or CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO quaternary oxide can be calculated using thermodynamic database software.
- FactSage 6.2 Thermanfact and GTT-Technologies
- thermodynamic databases FAST53 and FToxide were used.
- the heating furnace a known furnace may be used, for example, a moving hearth type heating furnace may be used.
- the moving hearth type heating furnace is a heating furnace in which the hearth moves in the furnace like a belt conveyor, and specifically, a rotary hearth furnace can be exemplified.
- the rotary hearth furnace is designed in a circular shape (donut shape) so that the start point and end point of the hearth are in the same position, and the agglomerate supplied on the hearth is Is reduced by heating to make reduced iron.
- the rotary hearth furnace is provided with charging means for supplying the agglomerate into the furnace on the most upstream side in the rotation direction, and the most downstream side in the rotation direction (since it is a rotating structure, Discharging means is provided immediately upstream of the means).
- the average particle diameter of the reduced iron particles inside the reduced agglomerate obtained in the present invention is about 1 ⁇ m to 3 mm.
- the average particle diameter of the granular metal iron obtained by completely melting the agglomerate in the furnace as in the methods (2) and (3) listed in the prior art column is about 8 mm or more. .
- the reduced pellets obtained in the above heating step may be pulverized, separated into reduced iron and slag by magnetic separation, and recovered respectively.
- a method of pulverizing the reduced pellets a known method can be adopted, and for example, a vibration mill, a roll crusher, a ball mill, a roller mill, or the like may be used.
- the heating step when the maximum temperature when heating the agglomerate is T (° C.), melting of gangue contained in the agglomerate at a temperature subtracted 100 ° C. from this temperature T It is preferable to adjust the blending amount of the melting point adjusting agent so that the amount is 50% by mass or more of the gangue. That is, when the heating temperature of the agglomerate is determined, it is preferable to previously adjust the melting point of the component contained in the agglomerate using a melting point adjusting agent so that the amount of melting during heating is increased. . And when the agglomerate is heated, the gangue at a temperature subtracted 100 ° C.
- the melting amount of the gangue component is determined based on the amount of the three components of CaO, SiO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 among the gangue components contained in the agglomerate, or the agglomeration
- the product contains MgO, it may be determined based on the amounts of the four components of CaO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and MgO.
- Example 1 Agglomerating a raw material mixture containing a carbonaceous material, a melting point adjusting agent, and iron ore K having the composition shown in Table 1 below, heating the obtained agglomerate in an electric furnace, and pulverizing the resulting reduced pellets; The pulverized product was separated by magnetic separation to produce reduced iron.
- the addition of SiO 2 iron ore K was prepared to simulate different iron ore of SiO 2 amount, SiO 2 content in the iron ore investigated the effect on the recovery of reduced iron It was.
- the iron ore K does not contain CaO.
- the recovery rate of reduced iron is used as a parameter
- the iron ore K shown in Table 1 below contains SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 , and the amount of SiO 2 is 2.78% by mass, so it is generally called a high-grade iron ore. . T. T. Fe means the total amount of iron.
- This iron ore K was added SiO 2, was prepared to simulate different iron ore a ⁇ c of SiO 2 amount.
- the component compositions of the prepared iron ores a to c are shown in Table 2 below.
- the iron ore a shown in Table 2 below is an example prepared by adding 6.2% by mass of SiO 2 to the whole agglomerate, and the iron ore b shown in Table 2 below is prepared on the whole agglomerate.
- iron ore c shown in Table 2 below is prepared by adding 6.2% by mass of SiO 2 to the whole agglomerate.
- the iron ores a and c shown in Table 2 below each simulate a low-grade iron ore, and the iron ore b simulates a high-grade iron ore.
- the carbonaceous material was blended with a carbonaceous material having ⁇ 2% fixed carbon with respect to the number of moles of oxygen bound as iron oxide contained in iron ore.
- limestone (CaCO 3 ) and silica stone were blended.
- wheat flour was blended.
- Table 3 below shows the component composition of the agglomerate after drying.
- T.M. C represents the total carbon content
- CaO / SiO 2 represents the basicity
- CaO + SiO 2 + Al 2 O 3 means the amount of gangue.
- the obtained agglomerate was charged into an electric furnace and heated for 18 minutes to reduce iron oxide contained in the agglomerate to produce reduced iron. At this time, slag was by-produced.
- the obtained reduced pellets were pulverized so as to have a diameter of 3 mm or less using a vibration mill, and then magnetically separated using a magnet.
- a 2000 gauss magnet was used, the magnetic force at the sample position was adjusted from 200 gauss to 500 gauss, and a method of repeated magnetizing operation was adopted.
- Table 4 below shows the component compositions of the magnetically adsorbed material and the non-magnetically adsorbed material obtained by magnetic separation.
- M.M. Fe indicates the amount of metallic iron.
- Table 4 below also shows an average value (indicated as “before magnetic separation” in Table 4) corresponding to the components of the pulverized product before magnetic separation.
- the value of “Before Magnetic Selection” shown in Table 4 is a component value (weighted average) obtained by multiplying the mass ratio of the magnetized material and the non-magnetized material by the amount of each component.
- Fe recovery rate of the magnetized material and the Fe recovery rate of the non-magnetized material are calculated by the following equations.
- Fe recovery rate of magnetic deposit (%) [ratio of magnetic deposit (%)] ⁇ [T. Fe (%)] / [average T.E. Fe (%)]
- Fe recovery rate of non-magnetized material (%) [ratio of non-magnetized material (%)] ⁇ [T. Fe (%)] / [average T.E. Fe (%)]
- Example 2 The raw material mixture containing the carbonaceous material, the melting point adjusting agent, and iron ore L having the composition shown in Table 6 below is agglomerated, the obtained agglomerate is heated in an electric furnace, and the resulting reduced pellets are pulverized. Then, the pulverized product was separated by magnetic separation to produce reduced iron.
- Experimental Example 2 the influence of the slag basicity of the agglomerate and the heating temperature in the electric furnace on the amount of SiO 2 contained in the magnetic deposit after the magnetic separation was investigated.
- the iron ore L shown in Table 6 below has a large amount of SiO 2 as 8.61% by mass, but other gangue amounts are small (CaO amount is 0.22% by mass, Al 2 O 3 amount is 0). 0.03 mass%). Further, this iron ore L has a large amount of FeO of 25.63% by mass, and is generally called a magnetite ore.
- Iron ore L, carbonaceous material, melting point modifier, and binder shown in Table 6 below were mixed, and agglomerates ⁇ and ⁇ having a diameter of 19 mm were produced by rolling granulation.
- the carbonaceous material was blended with carbonaceous material having ⁇ 2% fixed carbon with respect to the amount of oxygen bound as iron oxide contained in iron ore L.
- the basicity of the slag of the agglomerate was adjusted by blending limestone (CaCO 3 ) and silica stone as the melting point modifier.
- As the binder as in Experimental Example 1, wheat flour was blended. Table 7 below shows the component composition of the agglomerated product after drying.
- the obtained agglomerate was charged into an electric furnace and heated for 18 minutes to reduce iron oxide contained in the agglomerate, thereby producing reduced pellets containing reduced iron and slag.
- the temperature T in the electric furnace was 1300 ° C. or 1350 ° C., and the inside of the electric furnace was adjusted to an N 2 gas atmosphere.
- the obtained reduced pellets were pulverized so as to have a diameter of 3 mm or less in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, and then magnetically separated using a magnet.
- Table 8 below shows the component composition of the magnetically and non-magnetically obtained materials obtained by magnetic separation.
- Table 8 below also shows an average value (indicated as “before magnetic separation” in Table 8) corresponding to the components of the pulverized product before magnetic separation.
- the value of “Before magnetic selection” shown in Table 8 is a component value (weighted average) obtained by multiplying the mass ratio of the magnetized material and the non-magnetized material by the amount of each component.
- the pulverized product of the pellets can be separated by magnetic separation into a magnetized product (mainly reduced iron) and a non-magnetic product (mainly slag).
- a magnetized product mainly reduced iron
- a non-magnetic product mainly slag
- the raw material mixture containing the carbonaceous material, the melting point adjusting agent, and the iron ore a used in Experimental Example 1 or the iron ore L used in Experimental Example 2 was agglomerated, and the obtained agglomerate was heated in an electric furnace.
- the obtained reduced pellets were pulverized and the pulverized product was magnetically separated to produce reduced iron.
- CaO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , or MgO was added to iron ore a or iron ore L to prepare agglomerates having different gangue amounts.
- the iron ore a used in Experimental Example 1 or the iron ore L used in Experimental Example 2 the carbonaceous material, the melting point adjusting agent, and the binder were mixed, and an agglomerate having a diameter of 19 mm was produced by rolling granulation.
- the carbonaceous material was blended with a carbonaceous material having ⁇ 2% of fixed carbon with respect to the amount of oxygen bound as iron oxide contained in iron ore.
- As the melting point adjusting agent limestone (CaCO 3 ) and silica stone were blended.
- the binder as in Experimental Example 1, wheat flour was blended. Table 10 below shows the component composition when the total of CaO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and MgO is 100% of the component composition of the agglomerated material after drying.
- the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O contained in the agglomerate is based on the amounts of CaO, SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 contained in the agglomerate after drying.
- 3 Melting temperature of ternary oxide T is calculated using thermodynamic database software (“FactSage”) and is shown together in Table 10 below.
- the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O contained in the agglomerate is based on the amounts of CaO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and MgO contained in the agglomerate after drying.
- 3 -MgO quaternary oxide melting temperature T is calculated using the thermodynamic database software and is shown in Table 10 below.
- the obtained agglomerate was charged into an electric furnace and heated for 18 minutes to reduce iron oxide contained in the agglomerate, thereby producing reduced pellets containing reduced iron and slag.
- the temperature in the electric furnace was 1300 ° C or 1350 ° C.
- the atmosphere in the electric furnace was No. 1 using iron ore a.
- Nos. 7 to 9 were N 2 gas atmosphere (N 2 gas 100% by volume), and No. 7 using iron ore L was used.
- the melting temperature of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 ternary oxide is calculated from the heating temperature T in the electric furnace.
- the melting temperature of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO quaternary oxide is calculated from the value obtained by subtracting T (TLT) or the heating temperature T in the electric furnace. A value obtained by subtracting T (TLT) was calculated and is shown together in Table 10 below. TL.
- T is a negative value
- the melting temperature L. of CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 ternary oxide is shown. Melting temperature of T or CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO quaternary oxide It means heating at a temperature below T.
- the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO quaternary oxide was calculated using the above “FactSage”. The results are also shown in Table 10 below. In Table 10 below, as a reference value, the melting amount of CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 ternary oxide at a temperature 50 ° C. lower than the heating temperature T (T-50 ° C.) or the heating temperature T to 50 ° C. The calculation result of the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO quaternary oxide at a temperature below T ° C. (T-50 ° C.) is also shown.
- the obtained reduced pellets were pulverized so as to have a diameter of 3 mm or less using a ball mill and a vibration mill in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, and then magnetically separated using a magnet.
- Table 10 shows the ratio of non-magnetized substances (non-magnetization ratio) obtained by magnetic separation.
- FIG. 1 shows the melting temperature of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 ternary oxide from the heating temperature T in the electric furnace.
- the melting temperature of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO quaternary oxide is calculated from the value obtained by subtracting T (TLT) or the heating temperature T in the electric furnace.
- TLT subtracting T
- TLT non-magnetization rate
- FIG. 2 shows a melting amount of CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 ternary oxide at a temperature 100 ° C. lower than the heating temperature T (T-100 ° C.) or a temperature 100 ° C. lower than the heating temperature T (T).
- T The relationship between the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO quaternary oxide at ⁇ 100 ° C. and the non-magnetization rate is shown.
- the results of Nos. 7-9 are ⁇ , No.
- the results of 10 to 12 are indicated by ⁇ .
- FIG. 2 shows that the melting amount of the CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 ternary oxide at a temperature 100 ° C.
- the non-magnetization rate increases.
- 100 ° C. is added to the temperature at which the melting amount of CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 ternary oxide or CaO—SiO 2 —Al 2 O 3 —MgO quaternary oxide becomes 50% by mass or more.
- the separation between reduced iron and slag is improved, and the recovery rate of reduced iron can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
(1)鉄鉱石を含む焼成ペレットをシャフト炉内で約1000℃に加熱して還元ガスによって焼成ペレットに含まれる酸化鉄を還元する方法や、
(2)炭材(固体還元材)と鉄鉱石とを混合して塊成化した塊成物を移動炉床炉(ロータリーハース)に供給して約1300℃で加熱し、該塊成物に含まれる酸化鉄を還元する方法や、
(3)炭材(固体還元材)と鉄鉱石とを混合して塊成化した塊成物を移動炉床炉に供給して加熱し、該塊成物に含まれる酸化鉄を還元したのちに、さらに約1450℃まで加熱して還元鉄を溶融させ、表面張力の差などにより還元鉄とスラグに分離する方法、
等が知られている。
(a)塊成物を加熱するときの加熱温度が決まっている場合は、上記融点調整剤(例えば、CaO供給物質など)の配合量を調整し、該塊成物を加熱するときの最高温度より100℃引いた温度における該塊成物に含まれる脈石成分の溶融量を50質量%以上とするか、或いは
(b)上記塊成物を、該塊成物に含まれるCaO-SiO2-Al2O3三元系酸化物の溶融量が、該三元系酸化物量の50質量%以上となる温度に100℃を加えた温度で加熱すれば良いことも明らかにした。また、上記塊成物がMgOを含有している場合は、該塊成物に含まれるCaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO四元系酸化物の溶融量が、該四元系酸化物量の50質量%以上となる温度に100℃を加えた温度で加熱すれば良いことも明らかにした。
本発明の塊成化工程では、酸化鉄含有物質および炭材に、更に融点調整剤を配合することが重要である。
本発明の加熱工程では、上記塊成化工程で得られた塊成物の一部が溶融するように加熱し、該塊成物に含まれる酸化鉄を還元することが重要である。即ち、塊成物の一部が溶融する温度以上であって、完全に溶融する温度未満で上記塊成物を加熱することが重要である。具体的には、加熱炉に上記塊成物を供給し、例えば、1200~1450℃の温度域で加熱し、塊成物に含まれる酸化鉄を炭材で還元して還元鉄を製造すればよい。この温度域は、塊成物内で成分の一部が溶融するが、融液の染み出しが殆どなく、塊成物の形状を保って塊成物全体は溶融しない温度である。この温度域で加熱することによって還元鉄と、脈石に起因するスラグ等が内部に混在した還元ペレットが得られる。
本発明では、上記加熱工程において、上記塊成物を加熱するときの最高温度をT(℃)としたとき、この温度Tより100℃引いた温度における該塊成物に含まれる脈石の溶融量が、脈石の50質量%以上となるように上記融点調整剤の配合量を調整することが好ましい。即ち、上記塊成物の加熱温度が決まっている場合には、加熱時に溶融量が多くなるように塊成物に含まれる成分の融点を融点調整剤を用いて予め調整しておくことが好ましい。そして、塊成物を加熱したときに、該塊成物に含まれる脈石の50質量%以上が確実に溶融するように、加熱時の最高温度Tよりも100℃引いた温度における脈石の溶融量を基準として上記融点調整剤を配合して塊成物の成分調整を行えばよい。
炭材、融点調整剤、および下記表1に示す成分組成の鉄鉱石Kを含む原料混合物を塊成化し、得られた塊成物を電気炉で加熱し、得られた還元ペレットを粉砕し、粉砕物を磁選分離して還元鉄を製造した。このとき実験例1では、鉄鉱石KにSiO2を添加し、SiO2量の異なる鉄鉱石を模擬して調製し、鉄鉱石に含まれるSiO2量が還元鉄の回収率に及ぼす影響を調べた。なお、鉄鉱石Kは、CaOを含有していない。また、本発明では、還元鉄とスラグの分離性を評価するための指標として、還元鉄の回収率を用いている。
MetFe(%)=[金属鉄量(M.Fe)]/[全鉄量(T.Fe)]×100
磁着物のFe回収率(%)=[磁着物の割合(%)]×[磁着物のT.Fe(%)]/[平均T.Fe(%)]
非磁着物のFe回収率(%)=[非磁着物の割合(%)]×[非磁着物のT.Fe(%)]/[平均T.Fe(%)]
炭材、融点調整剤、および下記表6に示す成分組成の鉄鉱石Lとを含む原料混合物を塊成化し、得られた塊成物を電気炉で加熱し、得られた還元ペレットを粉砕し、粉砕物を磁選分離して還元鉄を製造した。このとき実験例2では、塊成物のスラグの塩基度と電気炉での加熱温度が、磁選分離後の磁着物に含まれるSiO2量に及ぼす影響を調べた。
実験例3では、塊成物に含まれるCaO-SiO2-Al2O3三元系酸化物の溶融量または塊成物に含まれるCaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO四元系酸化物の溶融量と、電気炉における加熱温度が、磁選分離の結果に及ぼす影響を調べた。
Claims (11)
- 酸化鉄含有物質および炭材に、更に融点調整剤を配合した原料混合物を塊成化する工程と、
得られた塊成物の一部が溶融するように加熱し、該塊成物に含まれる酸化鉄を還元する工程と
をこの順で含むことを特徴とする還元鉄とスラグの混合物の製造方法。 - 酸化鉄含有物質および炭材に、更に融点調整剤を配合した原料混合物を塊成化する工程と、
得られた塊成物の一部が溶融する温度以上であって、完全に溶融する温度未満で前記塊成物を加熱することにより、該塊成物に含まれる酸化鉄を還元する工程と
をこの順で含むことを特徴とする還元鉄とスラグの混合物の製造方法。 - 前記融点調整剤は少なくともCaO供給物質を含み、塊成物に配合するCaO供給物質の量を、前記塊成物中のCaO量およびSiO2量から求められるスラグの塩基度[CaO/SiO2]が0.2以上、0.9未満となるように調整する請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記CaO供給物質として、CaO、Ca(OH)2、およびCaCO3よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つを配合する請求項3に記載の製造方法。
- 前記融点調整剤の配合量を調整し、前記塊成物を加熱するときの最高温度より100℃引いた温度における該塊成物に含まれる脈石の溶融量を50質量%以上とする請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記脈石の前記溶融量は、前記塊成物に含まれるCaO、SiO2、およびAl2O3の三成分の量に基づいて決定される請求項5に記載の製造方法。
- 前記脈石の前記溶融量は、前記塊成物に含まれるCaO、SiO2、Al2O3、およびMgOの四成分の量に基づいて決定される請求項5に記載の製造方法。
- 前記塊成物の加熱は、該塊成物に含まれるCaO-SiO2-Al2O3三元系酸化物の溶融量が、該三元系酸化物量の50質量%以上となる温度に100℃を加えた温度で行う請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記塊成物の加熱は、該塊成物に含まれるCaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO四元系酸化物の溶融量が、該四元系酸化物量の50質量%以上となる温度に100℃を加えた温度で行う請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記塊成物の加熱は、1200~1450℃で行う請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記酸化鉄含有物質として、SiO2を6質量%以上含有する鉄鉱石を用いる請求項1または2に記載の製造方法。
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| JP2005048197A (ja) * | 2000-08-09 | 2005-02-24 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 金属鉄の製法 |
| JP2010261101A (ja) * | 2009-04-07 | 2010-11-18 | Mitsutaka Hino | 金属鉄の製法 |
| WO2011118738A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-09-29 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 炭材内装酸化鉄塊成化物およびその製造方法、ならびにそれを用いた還元鉄製造方法 |
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