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WO2013063014A2 - Caméra et système de lentille pour véhicule et procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Caméra et système de lentille pour véhicule et procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013063014A2
WO2013063014A2 PCT/US2012/061548 US2012061548W WO2013063014A2 WO 2013063014 A2 WO2013063014 A2 WO 2013063014A2 US 2012061548 W US2012061548 W US 2012061548W WO 2013063014 A2 WO2013063014 A2 WO 2013063014A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lens
circuit element
adhesive bead
lens assembly
base portion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2012/061548
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013063014A3 (fr
Inventor
Matthew C. Sesti
Robert A. Devota
Yuesheng Lu
Steven V. Byrne
Joel S. Gibson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Magna Electronics Inc
Original Assignee
Magna Electronics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magna Electronics Inc filed Critical Magna Electronics Inc
Priority to US14/353,808 priority Critical patent/US9277104B2/en
Publication of WO2013063014A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013063014A2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2013063014A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013063014A3/fr
Priority to US15/056,011 priority patent/US10015377B2/en
Priority to US16/025,062 priority patent/US10708476B2/en
Priority to US16/946,764 priority patent/US10917548B2/en
Priority to US17/248,780 priority patent/US11457134B2/en
Priority to US17/935,187 priority patent/US12328491B1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N17/00—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
    • H04N17/002—Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details for television cameras
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/54—Mounting of pick-up tubes, electronic image sensors, deviation or focusing coils

Definitions

  • the invention relates to vehicular cameras, and more particularly, to low cost
  • Vehicular cameras are used for a variety of purposes, such as to assist a driver in avoiding obstacles behind a vehicle when backing up, and to detect imminent collisions ahead of the vehicle when driving forward.
  • a vehicular camera includes a lens that focuses video input on an image sensor provided on an imager.
  • the position of the lens relative to the image sensor can impact the quality of the video input received by the image sensor. For example, if the lens is positioned such that the video input is not in focus, then the video information passed to the driver may be blurry, and other vehicular systems, such as a collision detection system for example, may not function as well as they otherwise could.
  • the positioning of the lens relative to the image sensor may be relatively more critical, at least because small variations in position can result in relatively large changes in angular offset. Therefore, the positioning of the lens relative to the image sensor may be particularly critical for vehicular rearview cameras. Furthermore, it is important that the camera be capable of holding the lens in position over a selected period of time under certain operating conditions, so that the performance of the camera is maintained over a useful operating life.
  • the camera may contribute to the overall tolerance in the position of the lens relative to the image sensor.
  • the threaded connection therebetween has a tolerance associated with it.
  • the angle of cast of the lens holder has a tolerance associated with it.
  • the position of the imager has a tolerance associated with it.
  • the invention is directed to a vehicular camera having a lens that is mounted to a lens holder and is held in position by a selected adhesive.
  • the adhesive is capable of being initially cured relatively quickly by exposure to UV light for supporting the lens relative to the lens holder.
  • the adhesive is further capable of being cured by exposure to a secondary curing condition, such as by exposure to heat, to achieve a fully cured strength, which may take a relatively longer period of time, such as minutes or hours.
  • the camera lends itself to having the lens and/or imager circuit element or printed circuit board (PCB) positioned by a robot or a multi-axis motion system and then having the adhesive cured quickly to fix the relative position of the lens and the imager PCB so that the camera can be transferred from the robot or the multi-axis motion system to a second curing fixture for exposure to the secondary curing condition to fully cure the adhesive.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the robot or the multi-axis motion system which may be a relatively expensive component of a system used to manufacture the camera, can be used to align the lens or imager PCB and hold the assembly for a short period of time during the initial curing stage, and then the partially cured assembly may be moved to the secondary curing station and the robot or the multi- axis motion system may be used to adjust and align the lens of another camera while the first camera is being fully cured.
  • the robot or multi-axis system is operable to grab and move objects in up to six degrees of motion or six axes of motion: translational movement in three generally orthogonal translational axes (in the x, y and z directions) and rotational movement about three generally orthogonal rotational axes (commonly referred to as pitch, yaw and roll).
  • some require all six axes of motion while some require only five axes of motion (such as motion in the x, y and z direction, and pitch and yaw rotational motion), or even less number of axes of motion, depending on the application requirements.
  • robots or “robotic devices”.
  • the robot of the present invention provides for roll or rotation about the optical axis of the lens or lens assembly in addition to the translational movement in the x, y and z directions and in addition to the pitch and yaw motions, thus providing enhanced and more precise and accurate placement and alignment of the lens at the imager circuit element or printed circuit board.
  • a method of assembling a vehicular camera includes providing a lens assembly comprising a base portion, a lens barrel and a plurality of optical elements in the lens barrel.
  • a circuit element is provided that comprises a circuit board and an imaging array established at the circuit board.
  • At least one adhesive bead is dispensed at the base portion of the lens assembly and/or at the circuit element.
  • the circuit element is placed at base portion of the lens assembly with the at least one adhesive bead between the circuit element and the base portion, and the optical elements are aligned with the imaging array when the circuit element is placed at the base portion and in contact with the adhesive bead.
  • the at least one adhesive bead is cured to a first cure level via exposure of the at least one adhesive bead to ultraviolet light.
  • the at least one adhesive bead is further cured to a further cure level via a further exposure of the at least one adhesive bead to ultraviolet light.
  • the lens assembly and the circuit element are moved to a second curing stage and the at least one adhesive bead is cured to a second cure level via heating the at least one adhesive bead to an elevated temperature for a selected period of time.
  • a housing portion is attached to the base portion of the lens assembly to encase the circuit element and to substantially seal the housing portion and the base portion together.
  • the adhesive may comprise any suitable adhesive, such as an adhesive that may be partially cured via exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light and fully cured via exposure to heat, such as, for example, adhesive AD VE 43812 by Delo Industrial Adhesives of Windach, Germany, such as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 1 3/260,400, filed Sep. 26, 201 1 , and PCT Application No. PCT/US2010/028621 , filed Mar. 25, 201 0 and published Sep. 30, 2010 as International Publication No. WO 2010/1 1 1465, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
  • adhesive AD VE 43812 by Delo Industrial Adhesives of Windach, Germany
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a vehicular camera in accordance with an first embodiment of the invention wherein a lens barrel is adhesively secured to a lens holder via a UV-curable adhesive;
  • FIG. 2 is a cutaway side view of the vehicular camera shown in FIG. 1 , in an
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a variant of the first embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a prior art lens
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention wherein a lens barrel is integrated with a camera lens holder;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the invention wherein a lens barrel is dropped on a surface of an imager;
  • FIG. 6A is a detail view of a portion of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a variant of the third embodiment
  • FIG. 8 is a detail cross-sectional view of the third embodiment
  • FIG. 9 a schematic cross-sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the invention wherein a lens is focused by PCB mounting screws;
  • FIG. 1 0 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fourth embodiment including a back housing
  • FIG. 1 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fifth embodiment of the invention wherein a lens is focused by the selective positioning of camera front and back housings;
  • FIG. 1 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a variant of the fifth embodiment
  • FIG. 1 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a variant of the fifth embodiment, wherein a PCB is selectively positioned;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sixth embodiment of the invention wherein a lens is focused by directly attaching a lens to an imager through a transparent adhesive;
  • FIG. 1 5 is a graph of a contrast sensitivity function
  • FIG. 1 6 is a graph of an example of lens chromatic aberration
  • FIG. 1 7 is an exploded perspective view of a camera assembly in accordance with the present invention ;
  • FIG. 1 8 is another exploded perspective view of the camera assembly of FIG. 17;
  • FIG. 1 9 is an exploded perspective view of another camera assembly of the present invention .
  • FIG. 20 is a block diagram of the assembly process for assembling the camera
  • FIG. 21 is another block diagram of the assembly process for assembling the
  • FIG. 22 is a block diagram of the assembly process for assembling the camera
  • a camera is assembled with a circuit board or element (such as a printed circuit board comprising a semiconductor substrate and circuitry established thereon and having an imaging array disposed or established thereat) adhered to a lens assembly so that the lens optics of the lens assembly are precisely aligned with the imaging array of the circuit element.
  • a circuit board or element such as a printed circuit board comprising a semiconductor substrate and circuitry established thereon and having an imaging array disposed or established thereat
  • the present invention provides for a two stage curing process that includes an initial or first or partial curing of the adhesive when the lens optics are aligned with the imaging array and mechanically held in place, such as via a robot or the like, and then a second or subsequent or full curing of the partially cured adhesive at a separate curing station so that the robot, which functions to hold and place and align the imaging array and lens optics, can be used for assembling other cameras while the first camera is being fully cured (which can take several minutes in a heat chamber or the like).
  • a three, four or five axis movable stage (that provides for movement in the x, y and z directions and may provide for pitch and/or yaw adjustment or motion) has been used for the placement and gluing of a lens or lens assembly to an imager surface or circuit element.
  • Such a five axis adjustment has the disadvantage of not being able to achieve a roll motion or rotation (along the optical axis) of the imager or lens during the placement and gluing process.
  • the imager may not be aligned or oriented properly with respect to the vehicle, such that the images captured by the imager may be skewed or otherwise not suitable for viewing and discerning by the driver of the vehicle.
  • the robot and method of the present invention provides three generally orthogonal axes of rotation (pitch, yaw and roll) of a head and three generally orthogonal axes of translation (in the x, y and z directions) of the head to provide enhanced or more accurate alignment and/or placement and/or movement of the lens and imager circuit element assembly to the camera body during the placement and gluing process.
  • the rotational tolerances of the imager relative to the camera body can be corrected or minimized.
  • the present invention may provide for adhering the circuit board to a base portion of a lens assembly, such as by holding the lens assembly in a fixture and using a robot to position and align and place the circuit board at the lens assembly and at the adhesive bead or beads or dots dispensed at the base portion of the lens assembly, and to align the imaging array with the lens optics, such as discussed below with respect to FIGS. 17-22.
  • the present invention may provide for adhering a lens barrel (with lens optics therein) to a barrel receiving portion of the camera (and attached to a circuit board or element with an imaging array established thereat), with a robot adjusting or aligning the lens barrel and optics relative to the circuit board and imaging array, such as discussed below with respect to FIGS. 1 -16, and such as by utilizing aspects of the cameras and systems and methods described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 1 3/260,400, filed Sep. 26, 201 1 , which is a 371 national phase application of PCT Application No.
  • Embodiment 1 Use of UV-Curable Adhesive to mount Lens to Holder
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded view of a vehicular camera 10 in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the vehicular camera 10 includes an imager 20, a lens holder such as a front camera housing 14 and a lens 1 6.
  • the vehicular camera 10 may include other components such as additional circuitry for processing the video input received by the imager 20, e.g., circuitry for providing graphic overlay to the video input.
  • the vehicular camera 10 may further be configured to transmit the video input to other vehicular devices, such as a display controller (not shown) for a cabin-mounted display (also not shown).
  • the imager 20 may be a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a complementary metal- oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor. Referring additionally to FIG. 2, the imager 20 is mounted to a printed circuit board (PCB) 12. The imager 20 is positioned to receive optical images from the lens 1 6. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the imager 20 is connected to the lens holder 14 by a plurality of threaded fasteners 22.
  • CCD charge-coupled device
  • CMOS complementary metal- oxide semiconductor
  • the lens 16 is mounted to the lens holder/front camera housing 14 at a selected position for focusing video input onto the sensing surface of the imager 20.
  • the lens 1 6 may be any suitable type of lens known in the art.
  • the lens 16 may have an exterior surface 24 that is configured to be received in a cylindrical aperture 26 having an aperture wall 28 on the lens holder/front camera housing 14.
  • the exterior surface 24 and the aperture wall 28 may have a selected amount of clearance therebetween, shown by a gap G.
  • An adhesive 30 is provided for holding the lens 12 in a specific position relative to the lens holder/front camera housing 14. More particularly, the adhesive 30 may be applied between a first axial face 32 on the lens holder/front camera housing 14, and a second axial face 34 on the lens 16.
  • the position of the lens 1 6 relative to the imager 20 impacts the degree of focus present in the optical images received by the imager 20 and thus the performance of the camera 10 and the optical alignment of the optical image on the imager.
  • a positioning system may be provided that includes a robot, such as a five axis robot or a six axis robot as discussed above.
  • a robot is operable to grab and move objects (such as the lens or lens assembly or the imager and imager circuit board) in up to six axes of motion, such as along three generally orthogonal translational axes, such as along either of the x and y axes or directions (the axes generally parallel to the plane of the imager and generally orthogonal to the optical axis of the lens or lens assembly) and along the z-axis or direction (the axis that is generally orthogonal to the plane of the imager and generally along the optical axis of the lens or lens assembly).
  • the robot is also operable to move or rotate or pivot the object and the grasping or holding portion or head of the robot about at least two axes and optionally three axes, so as to provide a pitch rotation or movement (rotation of the held object about one of the generally orthogonal axes generally parallel to the plane of the imager and generally orthogonal to the optical axis of the lens or lens assembly) and a yaw rotation or movement (rotation of the held object about the other of the generally orthogonal axes generally parallel to the plane of the imager and generally orthogonal to the optical axis of the lens or lens assembly), and optionally a roll rotation or movement (rotation of the held object about the axis generally orthogonal to the plane of the imager and generally along the optical axis of the lens or lens assembly).
  • the robot holds and adjusts the position of the lens 16 relative to the lens holder/front camera housing 14 until a target object appears in suitable focus and at a suitable position on the imager 20, prior to hardening of the adhesive 30.
  • the adjustment of the lens 16 relative to the lens holder/front camera housing 14 is facilitated by providing the selected amount of clearance between the exterior surface 24 of the lens 16 and the aperture wall 28 of the lens holder/front camera housing 14.
  • the thickness of the layer of adhesive 30 between the lens 16 and lens holder/front camera housing 14 may be selected to provide a suitable amount of relative angular adjustment between the lens 16 and lens holder/front camera housing 14.
  • the thickness of the layer of adhesive may be approximately 0.75 mm prior to adjustment of the lens 16.
  • the adhesive 30 is initially cured by exposure to UV light while the robot holds the lens 16 in position.
  • the UV light may be provided from a plurality of UV sources about the periphery of the camera 1 0.
  • the initial curing of the adhesive 30 may result in the adhesive being strong enough to hold the lens 16 in the lens holder/front camera housing 14 without needing the robot to grip the lens 16, and may take less than about 7 seconds.
  • the lens 1 6 may be susceptible to movement if it incurs a relatively small disturbance at this stage.
  • the camera 10 may be placed by the robot relatively gently on a conveyor (not shown) and moved to a UV curing station for a further UV curing period, such as, for example, about 25 seconds.
  • Another UV curing station may optionally be provided to further cure the adhesive 30 for another period, such as about 25 seconds, after the camera 10 leaves the first UV curing station.
  • the camera 1 0 may be transferred to another curing station where the adhesive 30 can be thermally cured, or may be cured by exposure to some other secondary curing condition, to achieve its fully cured strength so that it can hold the lens 16 in position during use on a vehicle.
  • the step of initially curing the adhesive 30 using UV light may be relatively instantaneous. This step of thermally curing the adhesive may take several minutes or hours. As an additional or alternative curing measure, the adhesive 30 may be moisture cured.
  • Providing an adhesive 30 that has an initial curability by UV light is advantageous in that the robot is not needed to hold the lens 16 in position over the period of time that it would take for the secondary curing condition to sufficiently harden the adhesive 30 to be self-supporting.
  • the robot can be used for the positioning of another lens 16 in another lens holder 14/front camera housing. Because the task of positioning the lens 16 and initially curing the adhesive 30 using UV light can take less time than fully thermally curing of the adhesive 30, a single robot can feed cameras 10 with initially cured lenses to a plurality of curing fixtures, thereby providing the capability of achieving a relatively high rate of production per robot.
  • the adhesive 30 may be capable of holding the lens 16 in position with at least a selected strength of bond between the lens 16 and lens holder/front camera housing 14 under one or more selected operating conditions.
  • the adhesive 30 may be capable of holding the lens 16 in position after a selected time period of 1000 hours of exposure to a selected temperature of 85 degrees Celsius and optionally a humidity of approximately 85 percent. Any of the aforementioned selected values may be selected to suit the particular environment that the camera 1 0 is expected to experience during use.
  • the selected time period may, for example, be some other time period, such as approximately 1200 hours.
  • the selected adhesive 30 may be further capable of holding the lens 16 in position after a selected time period exposed to a selected temperature of - 40 degrees Celsius.
  • the fully cured adhesive 30 may have other performance
  • characteristics including: maintaining at least 70 percent of its strength (e.g. tensile strength) during exposure to temperatures ranging from -40 degrees Celsius to 95 degrees Celsius, having a tensile strength of at least 1000 psi, having a Shore D hardness value of at least 50, having a viscosity of between about 30000 and 70000 centipoise, being non- hygroscopic (so that it does not swell significantly when exposed to moisture), having a cure depth of at least 3 mm, having the capability to bond to Polybutylene
  • Terephtalate/Polycarbonate and/or Polyphenylene Sulfide and/or liquid crystal polymer and/or anodized aluminum having a bond shear strength of at least 1000 psi with less than a 60 percent reduction in its bond shear strength at 85 degrees Celsius, little or no outgassing, being capable of withstanding exposure to salt fog, being capable of withstanding typical automotive chemicals, such as gasoline and automotive cleaning agents, having a glass transition temperature that is at least 90 degrees Celsius and being 'automotive-grade' (i.e. being generally applicable for use in a vehicle).
  • the adhesive 30 may be applied by the robot itself prior to adjustment of the lens 16 relative to the lens holder/front camera housing 14. Alternatively, the adhesive 30 may be applied by some other device prior to (or during) possession of the camera 1 0 by the robot.
  • the adhesive 30 may also hermetically seal the interior of the camera 10 against the outside environment.
  • adhesives were attempted for use as the adhesive 30. For example, it was found that some adhesives, such as some UV-cure free radical acrylates that have the capability of being initially cured using UV light, have a reduced strength (e.g. tensile strength) under exposure to elevated operating temperatures such as about 85 degrees Celsius over a selected period of time. It was further found that adhesives, such as some UV-curable free radical epoxy hybrids also have a reduced strength (e.g. tensile strength) under exposure to elevated operating temperatures such as about 85 degrees Celsius over a selected period of time. Some cationic epoxies that were tried also lost their strength when exposed to a temperature of about 85 degrees Celsius and a humidity of about 85 percent over a selected period of time.
  • some adhesives such as some UV-cure free radical acrylates that have the capability of being initially cured using UV light, have a reduced strength (e.g. tensile strength) under exposure to elevated operating temperatures such as about 85 degrees Celsius over a selected period of time.
  • adhesive AD VE 43812 manufactured by Delo Industrial Adhesives of Windach, Germany. This adhesive is a low-temperature cure, epoxy-amine adhesive that can be cured initially relatively quickly by exposure UV light.
  • FIG. 3 shows a variant 1 00 of the rear view camera 1 0. This embodiment
  • the lens 1 12 incorporates a lens 1 1 2, a front housing/lens holder 130, a back housing 132 and an imager 140.
  • the lens 1 12 includes a lens barrel 1 14 in which lens optical elements 120, O-ring 122, spacers 124 and IR cutoff filter 126 are mounted and held in place by a retainer cap 1 16.
  • the front housing 130 holds the lens barrel 1 14 via a threaded connection, or an adhesive flange as discussed above.
  • a printed circuit board (PCB) 1 38 with imager 140 is mounted in the housing defined by the front and back housing parts 130, 132. Screws 1 34 are used for this purpose.
  • PCB printed circuit board
  • the lens 1 12 In order to mount the lens 1 12, it is first positioned in the housing 130, 132 by a robot or multi-axis focusing machine (which may provide six axes of motion or adjustment) so as to provide a focused image relative to the imager 140 and once properly aligned the lens 1 1 2 is thereafter fixedly attached to the front housing 130.
  • the sealing between the lens 1 12 and front housing 1 30 is preferably provided by the adhesive discussed above, or by utilizing a thread lock device.
  • the back housing 1 32 is attached to the front housing 130 by laser or ultrasonic welding, adhesive, or via a press fitting.
  • Embodiment 2 Integration of Lens Barrel and Camera Lens Holder
  • FIG. 5 shows another embodiment 1 1 0 of a vehicular camera, wherein the lens barrel 1 14 housing the optical components of the lens 1 12 and the camera front housing 1 30 form a single integrated piece 150.
  • the lens optical elements 120, O-rings and spacers 122, 1 24 and IR cutoff filter 1 26 (FIG. 4) are placed inside a lens barrel portion 1 14' of the integrated lens barrel and camera upper housing piece 150 as part of the conventional lens assembly process to provide a lens 1 1 2' (FIG. 5).
  • the integrated piece 1 50 can be formed by plastic injection molding or metal machining. Plastic injection molding is preferred for lower cost and ease of attaching the back housing 132 to the integrated piece 150 by gluing, laser or ultrasonic welding.
  • the printed circuit board or PCB 1 38 with imager 140 is mounted to the integrated piece 1 1 0.
  • Lens 1 12' is focused relative to the imager 140 such as by applying techniques described below with respect to embodiments 3 to 6.
  • the advantages of this embodiment 1 1 0 include a savings in tooling cost as one expensive upper housing plastic molding tool is eliminated ; material cost savings since less plastic material is used and no expensive adhesive or thread lock epoxy is needed ; and a more simplified camera assembly process since the step of attaching the lens to the upper housing is eliminated.
  • Embodiment 3 Lens Barrel Dropped on Surface of Imager
  • FIG. 6 shows another embodiment 200 of a vehicular camera wherein the lens barrel 1 14' of the integrated piece 1 50 is dropped onto and sits directly on top of the surface of the imager 140. During the camera assembly process, the lens barrel 1 14' is dropped directly onto the imager 140 as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the lens barrel 1 1 4' includes a special designed mechanical feature such as rebate 202 (see detail view of FIG.
  • the rebate 202 guides the lens 1 1 2' to have proper horizontal alignment such that the lens optical axis is in line with the center of the imager sensing area (the alignment of optics axis to the center of the imager can also be achieved by digital shifting of image sensing window on imager.
  • This digital center shifting feature can be found in some imagers, such as, for example, an Aptina MT9V1 26 CMOS imager).
  • the lens 1 1 2' can be secured by applying adhesive 204 (such as UV-cured adhesive) around the interface of the lens barrel 1 14' with the imager 140 and PCB 1 38, thus fixing the lens focus position.
  • adhesive 204 such as UV-cured adhesive
  • an alternative way to fix the lens 1 1 2' to the imager 140 is to include metal insert pins 206 in the lens barrel 1 14'. The metal insert 206 is then soldered to the PCB 1 38 during PCB reflow process to fix the lens 1 1 2' to the PCB 1 38.
  • AF multiplied by two is also called depth of focus, which can range from a few micrometers to hundreds of micrometers. For a typical automotive camera, the depth of focus is about 40 to 70 micrometers.
  • H 1 and H2 are the two sources that contribute to the variation of focus.
  • the lens barrel 1 1 4' may be designed to have a tightly controlled length tolerance. The barrel length can be designed such that when it is dropped on the imager cover glass 1 58, the lens is focused right to the imager sensing surface 1 60 nominally.
  • the imager 1 40 can also be designed such that the distance H2 between the sensing surface 1 60 and the top cover glass surface of the imager has a tight tolerance. However, the lenses and imagers manufactured will always have variations from their designed nominal values.
  • the variation of H1 and H2 can stack up and drive the lens imager pair out of focus.
  • the technology uses specially designed lens elements and image processing algorithm to increase the depth of focus (AF) of the lens.
  • AF depth of focus
  • the wider lens depth of focus allows more tolerate of focus position variation.
  • the manufacturing yield and product focus quality can be maintained high.
  • a pre-laser ablation focus measurement is performed to determine how much barrel material to ablate.
  • bin and match lens 1 1 2' and imager 140 to achieve good drop-on focus The idea is to measure and sort lenses and imagers. Bin the lenses and imagers to matching groups. For example, a lens group with Plus 20 to 30 micrometer too long of flange focal length is matched with an imager group with Minus 20 to 30 micrometer too short of silicon to top glass distance. The two groups will form a good focus camera.
  • Embodiment 4 Lens Focus by PCB Mounting and Focusing Screws
  • FIG. 9 shows another embodiment 300 of a vehicular camera where a camera front housing 330 includes a mechanical guidance feature such as wall 302 for guiding the lens 1 12 to proper horizontal alignment with the imager 140 so that the lens optical axis is in line with the center of the imager sensing surface.
  • the PCB 1 38 with imager 140 is attached to the front housing 330 by screws 304 but also utilizing
  • compressive gaskets, wave washers or lock washers 306 held between the PCB 138 and body of the front housing 330.
  • the focusing between the lens 1 12 to imager 140 is accomplished by turning these screws 304 and actively monitoring camera output.
  • the attachment of the camera back housing 132 to the front housing 330 can be achieved by laser or ultrasonic welding, glue, press fitting, screw together or other means.
  • the camera front housing in this embodiment may also employ an integrated lens barrel as discussed above with respect to embodiment 1 10.
  • Embodiment 5 Lens Focused by Positioning of Camera Front and Back Housings
  • FIG. 1 1 shows another embodiment 400 of a vehicular camera in which the
  • integrated lens barrel and camera upper housing piece 150 of embodiment 1 10 is attached to the camera back housing 132 by UV cured glue 402.
  • the glue is applied before focus.
  • An active focus and alignment (utilizing a multi-axis focusing machine) is performed to reach optimum lens focus and optical axis alignment to the imager center.
  • a robot While holding the integrated lens barrel and camera front housing piece 1 50 in the position achieving the best focus and alignment, a robot applies UV illumination to the adhesive to cure it and fix the position of the lens 1 1 2' and seal the camera.
  • the PCB 138 is mounted to back housing by screws 134, glue between PCB and back housing or other means.
  • the UV cured adhesive 402' also replaces the screws 134 used to mount the PCB 1 38 to the housing.
  • the adhesive 402' thus attaches the PCB 1 32 to the back housing 138, fixes the integrated piece 150 to the back housing 1 32, and seals the camera.
  • the imager PCB is focused and aligned and then fixed to the lens barrel and camera front housing piece 150 by UV cured adhesive 402" applied on and between the PCB 138 and standoff parts 404" of the integrated piece 150.
  • the imager PCB 138 is grabbed and moved in x, y and z direction(s), and optionally in two rotational directions, to achieve optimum focus and alignment.
  • UV illumination is applied to cure the adhesive 402".
  • Embodiment 6 Direct Attachment of Lens and Imager by Adhesive
  • FIG. 14 shows another embodiment 500 of a vehicular camera in which transparent
  • UV-curable adhesive 502 is applied directly between lens 1 12 and imager 140 and/or PCB 1 38.
  • the adhesive 502 is provided as a relatively large blob to bonds the lens 1 12 to the imager 140 and/or the PCB 1 38.
  • the focus and alignment of the lens 1 1 2 is performed before UV light cures the adhesive.
  • the adhesive preferably encapsulates the imager 140 and acts a protective shield for it.
  • adhesive is applied on and around the imager in a controlled amount.
  • a robot such as a five-axis robot or the like (with motions in the x, y and z axes or directions and at least two orthogonal rotations and preferably a six-axis robot with translational motions in the x, y and z orthogonal axes and three orthogonal rotations), also grips and dips the lens into a batch of adhesive.
  • the robot then focuses and aligns the lens to the imager (such as via adjustment of the lens and/or imager relative to one another via six degrees of freedom), whereupon UV light is applied to cure the adhesive.
  • the robot then releases the lens.
  • This embodiment simplifies the lens barrel design and reduces the lens size.
  • This embodiment can also be more advantageous than embodiments that utilize a threaded lens, which can be slow to focus or difficult to hold, or a press-fit lens, which provides only coarse movement and thus can be difficult to control. Thus, a more accurate alignment can be obtained.
  • plastic may be used for the lens barrel 1 14 and retainer cap 1 16.
  • the barrel and cap are preferably made by injection molding of plastic material like PPS. This material is dense, nonporous, rigid and has ultra low hygroscopic characteristics and thus it meets the special environmental and durability requirements for a rear view camera lens.
  • the lens 1 12' may be formed to incorporate only one glass element as the outer-most element 120a (FIG. 4) of the lens, and utilize two or three plastics lens (made by injection molding) for the inner optical elements.
  • An alternative configuration may include two glass elements and one or two plastic lenses. Minimizing the number of glass elements reduces cost of the optical components.
  • cost savings may be realized by eliminating the lens I R cutoff filter 126 which is conventionally provided as a glass plate. Instead, the I R cutoff filter can be moved to the imager cover glass 120a.
  • One added benefit of eliminating the I R cutoff filter in the lens is that it reduces or eliminate light multi-reflection between the flat IR cutoff filter and imager cover glass 120a. This multi-reflection can cause lens flare and ghost images.
  • lens cost may also or otherwise be reduced by lowering the lens resolution.
  • the lens resolution can be reduced to a level that fits the application requirement of the camera.
  • the human eye resolution perception can be represented by a contrast sensitivity function (CSF) as shown in FIG. 15.
  • CSF contrast sensitivity function
  • the CSF peaks within a range of 1 to eight cycles per degree, where a cycle is defined as a one transition from black to white (or vice versa), which may be referred to in the literature as a "line pair".
  • a required resolution can be determined from the display size, the distance between the observer and the display, the selected CSF, and the size of the imager sensing surface.
  • a 7-inch diagonal display (with a 1 6x9) aspect ratio. It has a horizontal dimension of 155 mm. Assume the distance between the observer and the display is 600 mm, which is the average distance between a driver's eyes and a display in the vehicle center console. Select a CSF of 7 cycles per degree, which is a reasonable compromise between machine vision and human vision requirements. And assume that the imager has a horizontal sensing width of 3.58 mm. One angular degree represents a width of 10.5 mm at distance of 600 mm. The display resolution required is 0.67 line pairs/mm. The required camera resolution is thus 28.9 line pairs per mm. Thus, a camera can produce a sufficient resolution is its lens yields a camera level modulation transfer function of 28.9 line pairs per mm.
  • lens resolution can be reduced to the limits dictated by the CSF in order to reduce cost.
  • Prior art lenses may have too high resolution for human visual perception, and high resolution lenses can adversely cause a negative consequence called the "Moire Effect".
  • Some of prior art camera designs utilized an optical low pass filter to lower the image sharpness of the lens to eliminate the "Moire Effect". The optical low pass filter adds cost to camera along with the higher cost high resolution lens.
  • lens cost may also or otherwise be reduced by not optically addressing any chromatic aberration in lens.
  • Lens chromatic aberration can cause the resultant image to have color fringes at the edges of objects, as well as lower image resolution.
  • Lens chromatic aberration can typically be fixed or mitigated by a pair of glass lens cemented together, the so-called achromat pair.
  • the chromatic aberration is not fixed in the lens, rather, the imager system-on-chip (SOC) or an adjunct digital processor applies digital correction to correct the chromatic aberration.
  • SOC imager system-on-chip
  • the chromatic aberration typically has fixed amount of spatial separation among different colors at a specific off-axis angle, as shown in the lateral color diagram example of FIG. 16.
  • Every pixel of an imager has individual values of red, green and blue colors. By shifting one pixel colors to one or more other pixels, and repeat the process to the whole imager, it is possible to correct or reduce the effect of lens chromatic aberration.
  • the separation of the color as a function of the distance from the center of the imager is known.
  • For each imager pixel it is possible to calculate the distance needed to shift every individual colors of the pixel. The shift happens in a radial direction because of the lens' symmetry to its axis.
  • new position coordinates of each color is re-calculated. Then this color value will be sent to the new pixel whose coordinates were calculated.
  • the other two colors of this pixel are also calculated and sent to new pixels.
  • the processor can be a microprocessor, a DSP, or a FPGA or other digital devices. Adding some gates or logical units to an existing digital processing unit most likely is less expensive than adding achromat glass elements in lenses.
  • the lens chromatic aberration is typically symmetric over the optical axis, which lowers the complexity of digital chromatic aberration in the SOC or processor.
  • Lens manufacturing variation may cause the chromatic aberration to not be totally cylindrically symmetric.
  • the spectral response of every imager pixel may thus have variations.
  • a vehicular camera 610 includes a lens
  • Circuit element 620 comprises an imaging sensor, such as a VGA or megapixel imaging array, preferably a CMOS imaging array, such as an imaging array utilizing aspects of the imaging arrays described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,396,397; 5,877,897; 5,796,094; 5,670,935; and/or 5,550,677, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
  • imaging sensor such as a VGA or megapixel imaging array
  • CMOS imaging array such as an imaging array utilizing aspects of the imaging arrays described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,396,397; 5,877,897; 5,796,094; 5,670,935; and/or 5,550,677, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
  • Lens assembly 614 comprises a base portion 614a and a barrel portion 614b with lens optics (typically a plurality of individual glass and/or plastic lens elements that provide a wide angle and preferably a distortion corrected wide angle field of view for the vehicular camera) disposed therein.
  • the lens assembly 614 may be provided as a pre-assembled element or construction.
  • the circuit element 61 2 comprises a substrate 612a (such as a semiconductor substrate or a printed circuit board substrate or the like) with circuitry 612b established thereat or thereon, including an imaging array and associated circuitry.
  • the circuit element 612 is adhered to the base portion 614a of the lens assembly 614 via curing of a plurality of adhesive beads or bead segments or dots 630 dispensed at or around or between the base portion 614a and circuit element 61 2, as discussed below.
  • a rear housing or housing portion 632 is attached to the base portion 614a to substantially encase and seal (from the likes of water intrusion and/or intrusion by contaminants such as dirt, debris and the like) the circuit element 612 within and between housing portion 632 and lens assembly 614, as also discussed below.
  • the adhesive dots or beads or bead segments 630 may comprise any suitable
  • adhesive preferably an adhesive that may be initially partially cured via exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light for a short period of time (and optionally partially cured via a sequence of UV light exposure curing processes), and then later fully cured to its final cure state via a secondary curing process or a sequence of secondary curing processes, such as via exposure to elevated temperature for a period of time, such as an adhesive of the types discussed above.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • the adhesive beads or bead segments or dots may optionally be dispensed at the circuit element and/or the circuit element may be fixtured and the lens assembly may be moved or placed at the fixtured circuit element by a robot (such as a six axis robot or the like, such as discussed above), while remaining within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • a robot such as a six axis robot or the like, such as discussed above
  • the assembly process of the present invention includes placing the lens assembly
  • the adhesive dots or beads or bead segments are preferably dispensed at an inside surface of the base portion of the lens assembly (a surface that will be within the camera when the camera is fully assembled), and thus the adhesive need not be established or dispensed as a continuous or unbroken bead so as to create or establish a seal to the outside environment, and thus less adhesive can be used to adhere the circuit element (and imaging array) relative to the lens assembly (as compared to the embodiments similar to those discussed above where a continuous bead of adhesive is dispensed about an interface between the lens and the housing portion).
  • a robot or robotic device such as a six axis robot as discussed above that is operable to grab and move objects in up to six axes of motion, such as three generally orthogonal translational axes (in the x, y and z directions) and up to three generally orthogonal rotational axes (a pitch axis, a yaw axis and a roll axis)) or the like may pick up the circuit element 620 and position the circuit element at the base portion 614a and place the circuit element on or at the adhesive dots 630.
  • Such a robot is operable to grab the imager circuit element and move the imager circuit element in up to six axes of motion, such as along three generally orthogonal translational axes, such as along either or both of the x and y axes or directions (the generally orthogonal axes that are generally parallel to the plane of the base portion of the lens assembly and generally orthogonal to the optical axis of the lens or lens assembly) and along the z-axis or direction (the axis that is generally orthogonal to the plane of the base portion of the lens assembly and generally along the optical axis of the lens or lens assembly).
  • axes of motion such as along three generally orthogonal translational axes, such as along either or both of the x and y axes or directions (the generally orthogonal axes that are generally parallel to the plane of the base portion of the lens assembly and generally orthogonal to the optical axis of the lens or lens assembly) and along the z-axis or direction (the axis that is generally orthogonal
  • the robot is also operable to move or rotate or pivot the circuit element and the grasping or holding portion or head of the robot about three generally orthogonal rotational axes, so as to provide a pitch rotation or movement (rotation of the held circuit element about one of the generally orthogonal axes that are generally parallel to the plane of the base portion of the lens assembly and generally orthogonal to the optical axis of the lens or lens assembly), a yaw rotation or movement (rotation of the held circuit element about the other of the generally orthogonal axes that are generally parallel to the plane of the base portion of the lens assembly and generally orthogonal to the optical axis of the lens or lens assembly) and a roll rotation or movement (rotation of the held circuit element about the axis generally orthogonal to the plane of the base portion of the lens assembly and generally along the optical axis of the lens or lens assembly).
  • a pitch rotation or movement rotation of the held circuit element about one of the generally orthogonal axes that are generally parallel to the plane of the base portion of the lens assembly and
  • the assembly process or system sets or positions or adjusts the circuit element relative to the base portion (with the adhesive dots being flexible or resilient in its uncured state to allow for adjustment or movement of the circuit element when the circuit element is engaged with or set at or on the adhesive dots) to precisely set or align the optic elements with the imaging array of the circuit element (such as by aligning the optical elements with the imaging array in x, y and z axes and pitch, yaw and roll or rotation). This is preferably done automatically by powering up the camera 610 and comparing an actual image captured to that of a standard calibration image.
  • the five or six axis robot thus manipulates or moves the gripped circuit element 620 in three dimensional space (relative to the fixtured lens assembly) and with multiple axes of freedom until the automatic calibration determines that the focus and/or other alignment of the lens relative to the imaging array is correct or within a threshold tolerance.
  • the adhesive dots may be initially or partially cured via relatively brief exposure to UV light (such as for a duration of about seven seconds or thereabouts) to set the imaging array relative to the optic elements at the desired or appropriate alignment.
  • the now joined circuit element and lens assembly may then index or move to a further partial curing stage that is a longer time duration than the initial brief exposure.
  • the robot then can proceed to pick up another circuit element for positioning at or relative to another lens assembly, and thus, the utilization of expensive capital items, such as the robot itself, is enhanced or optimized.
  • the first UV cure duration or UV exposure may be less than about 10 seconds in duration, preferably less than about 7 seconds and typically greater than about 3 seconds, such as in a range of about 5 to 7 seconds or thereabouts.
  • the further or second UV cure duration or UV exposure may be less than about 35 seconds, preferably less than about 20 seconds and greater than about 10 seconds, such as in a range of about 15 to 20 seconds or thereabouts.
  • the robot is utilized to join the circuit element at the lens assembly and to align the lens optics with the imaging array and hold them in alignment during a relatively brief UV exposure, after which the joined circuit element and lens assembly may be moved or conveyed from the robotic station to a second or further UV exposure to further cure the adhesive (and during which time the robot may be used to assemble and align another circuit/lens subassembly) so that the parts are substantially joined for movement to a secondary curing station remote from the robotic station.
  • the lens assembly and circuit board construction can be moved to a secondary curing station (remote from or separate from the robotic station at which the circuit board is adhered to the lens assembly) to fully cure the adhesive dots to their final or fully cured state (such as via thermal curing).
  • a secondary curing station may comprise an oven or heat chamber, where the lens assembly and circuit board
  • construction may be heated to an elevated temperature (such as, for example, about 95 degrees C or thereabouts) for a sufficient amount of time (such as, for example, about five minutes or thereabouts) to fully cure the adhesive (and optionally providing a cool down time following the heating of the adhesive and lens assembly and circuit board
  • the oven can accommodate multiple cameras or may have a conveyor or lehr that moves the cameras through the oven so that each camera is in the oven and being heated by the oven for the predetermined or selected period of time.
  • the lens assembly 614 is provided as a pre-assembled construction, with the lens barrel and base portion unitarily formed or pre-assembled with the lens optics in the barrel portion.
  • the unibody lens assembly may be fixtured or fixedly supported for attachment or adhering of the circuit board to the base portion of the lens assembly.
  • a lens assembly 614' may comprise a separate base portion 614a' and barrel portion 614b', where an initial step of the assembly process may comprise adhering the barrel portion to the base portion to construct the lens assembly.
  • the other components of the camera 610' shown in FIG. 1 9 may be similar to the components of camera 610 of FIG. 18, such that a detailed discussion of the common or similar components need not be repeated herein.
  • the housing portion 632 is attached to and sealed to the base portion 614a of lens assembly 614, such as via laser welding or the like.
  • the housing portion may be sealed/attached at the base portion by utilizing aspects of the camera assemblies described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,965,336, and/or U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/091 ,359, filed Apr. 24, 2008 and published Oct. 1 , 2009 as U.S. Publication No. US-2009-0244361 , which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
  • the housing portion and base portion of the lens assembly thus encase the circuit board or element therein or therebetween to provide a water tight or substantially water impervious housing or encasement for the circuit element and imaging array and circuitry.
  • the circuit element includes electrically conductive terminals or leads 612c that are electrically connected to circuitry 612b and that protrude from the circuit substrate or board 612a and are received in a connector portion 632a of housing portion 632 when the housing 632 is attached to the base portion 614a of lens assembly 614.
  • the terminals 612c thus are received in an electrical connector to provide a multi-pin connector for electrically connecting the camera 610 to a wiring harness of a vehicle when the camera is installed or mounted at the vehicle.
  • the present invention provides an assembly process for assembling a
  • the process 650 may include loading of an integrated lens holder or lens assembly into a holding fixture at 652.
  • the fixture may include locating features or elements that allow the lens assembly or lens holder to be properly positioned for each camera and to be biased to the component's pre-determined datums.
  • pallet tracking software (such as RFI D tracking software or the like) may be used to track each assembly pallet as it transfers from station to station during the process.
  • the lens assembly may be picked and placed at the fixture via a robotic device or suitable automated or manual process, such as via a three-axis module.
  • the base portion may be plasma-treated and the adhesive dots or beads or bead segments may be dispensed at the base portion of the lens assembly at 654.
  • the plasma-treating process may be accomplished via any suitable means.
  • the adhesive beads or dots may be dispensed via any suitable dispenser, such as via a servo dispenser head or the like, and the dispensing may be monitored by a vision system (such as a Cognex micro 1 050 vision camera or the like) to verify that the appropriate amount of adhesive was dispensed at the proper locations.
  • the servo dispense head (such as a Viscotech dispense head or the like) may be mounted to a robot.
  • the circuit element may be automatically picked from a tray/stacker and placed at or on the dispensed adhesive dots at 656, whereby the system may perform the x, y and z (and pitch, yaw and roll or rotation) focus of the lens relative to the imaging array.
  • a robot may be used to place the circuit board at the adhesive dots and adjust the circuit element and imaging array to achieve the desired or appropriate focus.
  • the system may flash UV cure the adhesive dots, such as via a flash UV cure system, such as a Lesco, Super Spot "Max" system or the like (for a brief UV exposure duration, such as less than about 10 seconds or thereabouts), and the system may subsequently further UV cure the adhesive via a second or subsequent or further UV cure system (for a longer UV exposure duration, such as greater than about 10 seconds and less than about 35 seconds or thereabouts).
  • the further UV curing station may be along the same conveyor line and adjacent to the robotic station so that the lens and circuit element construction is not substantially moved until after it has undergone the further UV cure/exposure.
  • the lens and circuit element construction (with the lens assembly and circuit element joined by the partially cured adhesive) is moved to a secondary cure system or station at 658 (such as a thermal curing station or the like that may be remote from the robotic station and UV curing station) where the adhesive is further cured to a substantially cured state.
  • the housing portion may be attached to the base portion to encase and/or seal the circuit element and imaging array therein and/or the camera subassembly or construction may be offloaded at 660.
  • steps or processes may be included in the camera construction process, while remaining within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • other steps or processes may be included in the camera construction process where the lens assembly is provided as a two piece construction, such as the construction shown in FIG. 19, while remaining within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the system or method of the present invention moves the circuit board and imaging array to the optical center of the lens and thus results in positive x-axis and y-axis positioning for vehicle packaging.
  • the front end pallet or fixture design may continue to datum off "A" surface but will not require electrical connection, and the circuitry of the circuit element or PCB may be electrically engaged at the align and focus stage or station.
  • the system thus may reduce false failures that may occur due to pallet connections. Also, there is no requirement of articulation of the lens for the plasma treat process.
  • the system also provides for a reduction of unscheduled down time for gripper repair and replacement.
  • the six axis robot and alignment system of the present invention thus may properly position and align and adhere the lens or optics relative to the imager and may properly position and align and adhere the imager relative to the camera body.
  • the lens and camera body portion may be provided as a pre-assembled unit (such as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18) or may be assembled together before attachment of the imager and circuit element thereat, whereby the imager and circuit element or circuit board are placed at and adhered at the camera body portion via a six axis robot such as discussed above.
  • the imager and circuit element or printed circuit board may be picked up by the robot and positioned and aligned at the camera body portion to properly orient the imager relative to the camera body.
  • the circuit element may be moved via the robot along all three translational axes (x, y and z axes) to position the circuit element (and imager established thereat) generally at the camera body portion, and the robot may tilt or pivot or rotate the circuit element about the x and y axes and may pivot or rotate or roll the circuit element about the z-axis to properly align and orient the imager at the lens optics and at the camera body portion.
  • the circuit element is adhered to the camera body portion (such as via the two stage curing of the adhesive as discussed above).
  • the ability of the robot to adjust the circuit element and imager about the z-axis ensures proper alignment of the imager relative to the camera body portion, such that, when the camera body is fully assembled and sealed (i.e., after the back portion of the camera body is attached and sealed at the front camera body portion and lens assembly) and mounted at a vehicle (via use of datums at the camera body, such as at the front camera body portion, that align with or engage datums at the vehicle mounting structure to precisely position the camera body at the vehicle), the imager is properly and precisely oriented not only relative to the camera body but also relative to the vehicle at which the camera is mounted.
  • the six axis robot of the present invention precisely aligns and orients the imager relative to the lens optics and relative to the camera body, so that images captured by the camera when the camera is mounted on a vehicle are properly focused and properly oriented relative to the vehicle and relative to the horizon and vehicle bumper (such as for a rearward facing camera at a rear portion of the vehicle).
  • the process of placing and gluing the circuit element at the lens assembly and/or camera body or body portion utilizes an adhesive that allows for a dual curing process or dual stage cure, where an initial cure may be quickly achieved via UV exposure and a final cure may be later achieved via a low temperature thermal cure.
  • the type or form of adhesive is referred to as an epoxy-amine adhesive. It is unique because it has a dual cure mechanism that allows it to be quickly cured via UV light exposure and then further or completely cured to a very high strength via heat exposure or thermal cure.
  • the required cure temperature for this adhesive is relatively low (such as in the range of about 85 degrees C to about 95 degrees C) as compared to other known adhesives or similar chemistries.
  • This adhesive type is generically referred to as a Dual Bond adhesive commercially available from Delo Industrial Adhesives of Windach, Germany.
  • the exact mix used in the above described embodiments is Delo's AD VE 43812, but clearly other adhesives having similar properties as described above may be utilized while remaining within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • a key advantage for such an adhesive is that it is ideal for high production or high volume camera assembly processes.
  • the quick UV cure allows the system to quickly shuttle fixtured components out of high cost focus and alignment stations to lower cost thermal cure stations, such that the time spent by the assembly at the high cost stations is minimized.
  • the present invention provides an enhanced assembly process for
  • the two stage curing process allows the system to quickly partially cure the adhesive that holds the circuit element and imaging array relative to the lens optics so that the circuit and lens subassembly may be moved from the robot station to a later or subsequent secondary curing station, while the robot may quickly be ready to pick and place and adhere and align another circuit element and imaging array with another fixtured lens assembly at the same time that the first circuit and lens sub-assembly is being further cured at a different station.
  • the present invention thus provides for reduced time usage of the robotic device so that it can be used on subsequent cameras while the earlier cameras are fully cured at a separate curing station.
  • the system may comprise a secondary UV curing station at or near the robotic station and optionally along a conveyor line that moves or conveys the parts from a fixturing station to the robotic station and initial UV curing station (where the components are joined and aligned and the adhesive is briefly exposed to UV light) to the further UV curing station (where the adhesive is again exposed to UV light, but for a longer period of time) and to an unloading or offloading station.
  • a secondary curing station may be provided to thermally cure the adhesive to its substantially final cure state (such as via an oven or the like), or optionally, the secondary curing station may comprise another type of curing station, while remaining within the spirit and scope of the present invention (with the secondary curing station optionally being remote from the robotic station and UV curing stations).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Lens Barrels (AREA)
  • Studio Devices (AREA)
  • Camera Bodies And Camera Details Or Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'assemblage de caméra de véhicule qui consiste à fournir un ensemble de lentilles comprenant une partie de base, un fût de lentilles et plusieurs éléments optiques dans le fût de lentilles, et à fournir un élément de circuit comprenant une carte de circuit et un réseau d'imagerie. Un cordon adhésif est appliqué au niveau de la partie de base et/ou de l'élément de circuit. L'élément de circuit est disposé au niveau de la partie de base avec le cordon d'adhésif entre eux, et les éléments optiques sont alignés avec le réseau d'imagerie via un dispositif robotique à six axes lorsque l'élément de circuit est au niveau de la partie de base et est en contact avec le cordon d'adhésif. Le cordon d'adhésif est solidifié à un premier niveau de durcissement en exposant le cordon d'adhésif à une lumière ultraviolette. L'assemblage passe ensuite à une seconde étape de solidification et le cordon d'adhésif est solidifié à un second niveau de durcissement en chauffant ce dernier.
PCT/US2012/061548 2009-03-25 2012-10-24 Caméra et système de lentille pour véhicule et procédé de fabrication Ceased WO2013063014A2 (fr)

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US14/353,808 US9277104B2 (en) 2009-03-25 2012-10-24 Vehicular camera and lens assembly and method of manufacturing same
US15/056,011 US10015377B2 (en) 2009-03-25 2016-02-29 Vehicular camera and lens assembly and method of manufacturing same
US16/025,062 US10708476B2 (en) 2009-03-25 2018-07-02 Vehicular camera and lens assembly and method of manufacturing same
US16/946,764 US10917548B2 (en) 2009-03-25 2020-07-06 Vehicular camera and lens assembly and method of manufacturing same
US17/248,780 US11457134B2 (en) 2009-03-25 2021-02-08 Vehicular camera and lens assembly
US17/935,187 US12328491B1 (en) 2009-03-25 2022-09-26 Vehicular camera and lens assembly

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US201161550664P 2011-10-24 2011-10-24
US61/550,664 2011-10-24

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US14/353,808 A-371-Of-International US9277104B2 (en) 2009-03-25 2012-10-24 Vehicular camera and lens assembly and method of manufacturing same
US15/056,011 Continuation US10015377B2 (en) 2009-03-25 2016-02-29 Vehicular camera and lens assembly and method of manufacturing same

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US11099353B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2021-08-24 Ningbo Sunny Opotech Co., Ltd. Adjustable optical lens and camera module, manufacturing method and applications thereof
CN114529547A (zh) * 2022-04-24 2022-05-24 常州捷仕特机器人科技有限公司 一种机器人涂胶工作站的涂胶质量检测系统及方法
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US11835784B2 (en) 2015-12-21 2023-12-05 Ningbo Sunny Opotech Co., Ltd. Adjustable optical lens and camera module and aligning method thereof
EP4358528A1 (fr) * 2022-10-21 2024-04-24 Aptiv Technologies AG Procédé de fabrication d'une caméra et caméra
US12105350B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2024-10-01 Ningbo Sunny Opotech Co., Ltd. Adjustable optical lens and camera module and manufacturing method and applications thereof
WO2024211373A1 (fr) * 2023-04-04 2024-10-10 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Système de capteur d'image

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US8542451B2 (en) * 2009-03-25 2013-09-24 Magna Electronics Inc. Vehicular camera and lens assembly
US8318512B2 (en) * 2009-04-29 2012-11-27 Applied Materials, Inc. Automated substrate handling and film quality inspection in solar cell processing

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DE102015202846A1 (de) 2014-02-19 2015-08-20 Magna Electronics, Inc. Fahrzeugsichtsystem mit Anzeige
US20150264234A1 (en) * 2014-03-13 2015-09-17 Magna Electronics Inc. Camera with lens for vehicle vision system
US9749509B2 (en) * 2014-03-13 2017-08-29 Magna Electronics Inc. Camera with lens for vehicle vision system
EP3370098B1 (fr) * 2015-10-30 2022-12-14 Ningbo Sunny Opotech Co., Ltd. Procédé de fabrication d'un module d'appareil de prise de vues
US11099353B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2021-08-24 Ningbo Sunny Opotech Co., Ltd. Adjustable optical lens and camera module, manufacturing method and applications thereof
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