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WO2013060258A1 - 伸筋草碱a-c、其制法和其药物组合物与用途 - Google Patents

伸筋草碱a-c、其制法和其药物组合物与用途 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013060258A1
WO2013060258A1 PCT/CN2012/083360 CN2012083360W WO2013060258A1 WO 2013060258 A1 WO2013060258 A1 WO 2013060258A1 CN 2012083360 W CN2012083360 W CN 2012083360W WO 2013060258 A1 WO2013060258 A1 WO 2013060258A1
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pharmaceutical composition
compound
acceptable salt
preparation
pharmacologically acceptable
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
庾石山
陈乃宏
王晓婧
苑玉和
屈晶
马双刚
李勇
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Institute of Materia Medica of CAMS and PUMC
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Institute of Materia Medica of CAMS and PUMC
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/11Pteridophyta or Filicophyta (ferns)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D221/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
    • C07D221/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D221/20Spiro-condensed ring systems
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D498/00Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D498/02Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D498/10Spiro-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical technology, and in particular, the present invention relates to a class of stone pine alkaloid compounds: Streptococcus alkaloid AC (1-3), a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a preparation method thereof, and a compound containing the same Pharmaceutical compositions, and the use of such compounds in the preparation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs, in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and in the preparation of a medicament for the prevention of memory and cognitive decline in the elderly.
  • Streptococcus alkaloid AC 1-3
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof a preparation method thereof
  • a compound containing the same Pharmaceutical compositions, and the use of such compounds in the preparation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs, in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and in the preparation of a medicament for the prevention of memory and cognitive decline in the elderly.
  • AD Alzheimer's disease
  • AD Alzheimer's disease
  • the patient's brain function is gradually declining, memory, abstract thinking ability and language expression decline, inconvenience and other functional disorders, affecting nervous system function, not only bring pain to patients, but also bring many problems to family and society. .
  • AD is a central nervous system degenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive and memory impairment. It has become the leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease and cancer in developed countries.
  • the main drugs for treating AD include cholinergic drugs, neuronal cell metabolism enhancers, antioxidants, calcium ion antagonists, nerve growth factors, estrogens, anti-inflammatory drugs, and anti-beta amyloid drugs.
  • the most successful method for the treatment of this disease in the clinic is to improve the symptoms of AD patients by increasing the level of cholinergic neurotransmitter-acetylcholine in the central nervous system.
  • Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor specifically inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
  • AChE acetylcholinesterase
  • the hydrolysis of acetylcholine increases the level of acetylcholine in the brain and becomes the first-line drug for the treatment of AD.
  • Clinically effective drugs such as tacrine, alexin, isgen, galantamine and huperzine A are all acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
  • the famous natural product, huperzine A is an alkaloid extracted from the Chinese fern phylum (Huperzia serrata (Thunb) Trev., Huperziaceae), which is reversible.
  • a specific inhibitor of cholinesterase which has a selective inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase, and has low toxicity and long duration of action. It has been developed as one of the safest and most effective drugs for the treatment of benign memory disorders and Alzheimer's disease. The successful development of a world-class new drug pioneered in China has also enabled us to see the hope of finding new active ingredients from natural products and developing new drugs.
  • Lycopodium japonicum Thunb. is a Lycopodiaceae stone pine plant. It is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in China. Its main functions are phlegm dehumidification, sturdy muscles, and it is used for joint pain and flexion and extension. It is found in folk and clinical use that it has a cholinergic side reaction that enhances myocardial contractility, excitatory smooth muscle, and muscle contraction and convulsions, suggesting that it may contain chemical components that have an effect on the cholinergic system.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention attempts to conduct intensive studies on trace alkaloids in Strutgrass, and it is expected to find a novel active ingredient having a novel structure and having an acetylcholinesterase inhibitory action.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new class of compounds of the type: Streptococcus grass AC (l-3) and its pharmacologically acceptable salts.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a process for the preparation of the compound ergic acid A-C (1-3). Still another aspect of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of the compound Asparticillin A-C (1-3) as an active ingredient and a carrier commonly used in the pharmaceutical field.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention relates to a compound of sylvestreine AC (1-3) and a composition thereof for use in the preparation of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drug, in the preparation of a medicament for treating Alzheimer's disease, and for preparing anti-middle-age memory and cognition The application of drugs with reduced ability.
  • compositions of the compounds of the invention can be prepared according to methods well known in the art.
  • the compound of the present invention may be combined with one or more solid or liquid pharmaceutical excipients and/or adjuvants to provide a suitable administration form or dosage form for use as a medicament.
  • the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutical composition containing the same may be administered in a unit dosage form, which may be enterally or parenterally, such as oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, nasal, oral mucosa, The sputum, lungs and respiratory tract, skin, vagina, rectum, etc., are preferably administered orally.
  • a unit dosage form which may be enterally or parenterally, such as oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, nasal, oral mucosa, The sputum, lungs and respiratory tract, skin, vagina, rectum, etc., are preferably administered orally.
  • the dosage form can be a liquid dosage form, a solid dosage form or a semi-solid dosage form.
  • Liquid dosage forms can be solutions (including true and colloidal solutions), emulsions (including o/w, w/o and double emulsions), suspensions, injections (including water injections, powder injections and infusions), eye drops Agents, nasal drops, lotions and tinctures.
  • the solid dosage form can be a tablet (including ordinary tablets, enteric coated tablets, Tablets, dispersible tablets, chewable tablets, effervescent tablets, orally disintegrating tablets), capsules (including hard capsules, soft capsules, enteric capsules), granules, powders, pellets, dropping pills, suppositories, films, Patch, gas (powder) spray, spray, etc.; semi-solid dosage form may be ointment, gel, paste, and the like.
  • the compounds of the present invention can be formulated into common preparations, sustained release preparations, controlled release preparations, targeted preparations, and various microparticle delivery systems.
  • the diluent may be starch, dextrin, sucrose, glucose, lactose, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium sulfate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium carbonate, etc.
  • the humectant may be water, ethanol, or different Propyl alcohol, etc.
  • the binder may be starch paddle, dextrin, sugar paddle, honey, glucose solution, microcrystalline cellulose, gum arabic paddle, gelatin paddle, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, acrylic resin, carbomer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, etc.
  • disintegrant can be dry starch, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium sulfate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, calcium carbonate, etc.
  • the humectant may be water, ethanol, or different Propyl alcohol, etc.
  • the binder may be starch paddle
  • Tablets may also be further formulated into coated tablets, such as sugar coated tablets, film coated tablets, enteric coated tablets, or bilayer tablets and multilayer tablets.
  • carriers for example, diluents and absorbents such as glucose, lactose, and lakes. Powder, cocoa butter, hydrogenated vegetable oil, polyvinylpyrrolidone, lauric acid polyethylene glycol glyceride, kaolin, talcum powder, etc.; binders such as acacia, tragacanth, gelatin, ethanol, honey, liquid sugar, Rice paste or batter; etc.; disintegrating agents, such as agar powder, dried starch, alginate, sodium dodecylsulfonate, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, and the like.
  • diluents and absorbents such as glucose, lactose, and lakes.
  • Powder cocoa butter, hydrogenated vegetable oil, polyvinylpyrrolidone, lauric acid polyethylene glycol glyceride, kaolin, talcum powder, etc.
  • binders such as acacia, tragacanth, gelatin, ethanol, honey, liquid sugar,
  • the carrier are, for example, polyethylene glycol, lecithin, cocoa butter, higher alcohols, esters of higher alcohols, gelatin, semi-synthetic glycerides and the like.
  • the active ingredient of the present invention In order to encapsulate the drug delivery unit, the active ingredient of the present invention
  • A-C (1-3) is mixed with the various carriers described above, and the mixture thus obtained is placed in a hard gelatin capsule or soft capsule.
  • the active ingredient of the compound of the present invention can also be formulated into a microcapsule, suspended in an aqueous medium to form a suspension, or can be enclosed in a hard capsule or used as an injection.
  • the compound of the present invention is prepared as an injectable preparation, such as a solution, a suspension solution, an emulsion, a lyophilized powder injection, and the preparation may be aqueous or non-aqueous.
  • an injectable preparation such as a solution, a suspension solution, an emulsion, a lyophilized powder injection
  • the preparation may be aqueous or non-aqueous.
  • One or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, binders, lubricants, preservatives, surfactants or dispersing agents may be included.
  • the diluent may be selected from the group consisting of water, ethanol, polyethylene glycol, 1, 3-propanediol, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohol, polyoxylated isostearyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, and the like.
  • an appropriate amount of sodium chloride, glucose or glycerin may be added to the preparation for injection, and a usual solubilizer, a buffer, a pH adjuster or the like may be added. These excipients are commonly used in the art.
  • coloring agents may also be added to the pharmaceutical preparations as needed.
  • the therapeutic effect is enhanced, and the medicament or the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be Administration is by any known method of administration.
  • the dosage of the pharmaceutical composition of the compound of the present invention depends on a number of factors, such as the nature and severity of the disease to be prevented or treated, the sex, age, weight, personality and individual response of the patient or animal, the route of administration, the number of administrations, For therapeutic purposes, the therapeutic dose of the present invention can vary widely. In general, the dosage of the pharmaceutical ingredient of the present invention is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the prophylactic or therapeutic effect of the present invention can be accomplished by appropriately adjusting the amount of the actual drug contained in the final formulation of the compound composition of the present invention to achieve its therapeutically effective amount.
  • the compound of the present invention is administered in a daily dose ranging from 0.001 to 10 mg/kg body weight in 2-4 divided doses.
  • the compounds or compositions of this invention may be administered alone or in combination with other therapeutic or symptomatic agents and adjusted in dosage.
  • HMBC heteronuclear multi-bond correlation (a two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum for determining the relationship between long-range hydrogen and carbon in a molecule)
  • HSQC heteronuclear single quantum correlation (a two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum for determining the direct relationship between hydrogen and carbon in a molecule)
  • ROESY Rotating Coordinate System Ovhaus Spectrum (a two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum for determining the spatial relationship of hydrogen atoms in a molecule)
  • Fig.1 Extraction and separation of glutinous grass and preparation of acetaminophen AC (1-3)Fig.2 X-ray single crystal diffraction results of acetaminophen AC (1-3) (molecular ellipsoid)
  • the plant of the genus Pinus sylvestris mainly contains components such as alkaloids, terpenoids, organic acids, flavonoids and strontium, and the grasses of the genus Struts are a common plant of the genus Pinus sylvestris. There is no thorough and thorough research.
  • the extracted acid water was adjusted to pH 10 with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (18 L), extracted with chloroform until the chloroform layer was reacted without alkaloids (4 times, 150 L each time), and the chloroform layer was concentrated to give a total alkaloid 135 g (recorded as B). ).
  • the total alkaloid is chromatographed on an alkaline silica gel column (200-300 mesh, pH 8-9).
  • Test Example 1 Determination of AChE Inhibitory Activity of Strenicin A-C (1-3)
  • Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes acetylcholine to produce choline and acetic acid. Choline can react with sulfhydryl chromogenic reagent to form TNB (symmetric trinitrobenzene, Sym-Trinitrobenzene) yellow compound, which is colorimetrically quantified according to color depth. The amount of hydrolysate choline can reflect the activity of cholinesterase. Experimental materials and instruments required:
  • reagent composition includes: reagent one: l mol / L standard application solution; reagent two: substrate; test Agent three: developer solution; reagent four: inhibitor; reagent five: transparent agent; reagent six: stabilizer; reagent seven: normal saline.
  • AC(l-3) has significant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, and its activity is equivalent to or stronger than the positive control substance Huperlin A (HupA).
  • Huperlin A Huperlin A

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Abstract

本发明涉及从伸筋草( Lycopodium japonicum Thunb.)中分离得到的3个生物碱(伸筋草碱 A-C),其药效学上可接受的盐,及其制备方法,含有这类化合物的药物组合物,以及这类化合物在制备乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂药物中、在制备治疗早老性痴呆症药物中和制备抗中老年记忆和认知能力减退疾病药物中的应用。

Description

说 明 书 伸筋草碱 A-C、 其制法和其药物组合物与用途
技术领域
本发明属于药物技术领域, 具体而言, 本发明涉及一类石松生物 碱化合物: 伸筋草碱 A-C (1-3),其药效学上可接受的盐,其制备方法, 含有这类化合物的药物组合物,以及这类化合物在制备乙酰胆碱酯酶 抑制剂药物中、在制备治疗早老性痴呆症药物中和制备抗中老年记忆 和认知能力减退疾病药物中的应用。
背景技术
随着世界人口平均寿命的逐年增加,老年性痴呆症的发病率也随 着迅速上升, 老年痴呆症中有 50%-70%为阿尔兹海默氏病 (AD) , 又称早老性痴呆症, 患者的脑功能逐渐衰退, 出现记忆力、 抽象思维 能力和语言表达能力减退、行动不便和其他功能性障碍, 影响神经系 统功能,不仅给患者带来痛苦,而且也给家庭和社会带来许多问题。
AD是一种以进行性认知和记忆力损伤为主的中枢神经系统退行性疾 病, 在发达国家成为继心血管病和肿瘤之后引起死亡的主要疾病。治 疗 AD的药物主要有胆碱能类药物、神经细胞代谢增强剂、抗氧化剂、 钙离子拮抗剂、 神经生长因子、 雌激素、 抗炎药、 抗 β淀粉样蛋白药 物等。目前临床上治疗该病最成功的方法就是通过提高中枢神经系统 内胆碱能神经递质一乙酰胆碱的水平, 改善 AD病人的症状。 乙酰胆 碱酯酶抑制剂 (AChEI) 通过针对性地抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE) 对乙酰胆碱的水解作用而提高脑内的乙酰胆碱水平,成为治疗 AD的 一线药物。 临床上有效的药物如他克林、 安理申、 艾斯能、 加兰他敏 和石杉碱甲均为乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂。而著名的天然产物石杉碱甲是 从中国特有蕨类植物千层塔 (蛇足石杉, Huperzia serrata (Thunb) Trev., 石杉科(Huperziaceae ) ) 中提取的一种生物碱, 为可逆性胆碱 酯酶专一性抑制剂, 对乙酰胆碱酯酶具有选择性抑制作用, 而且毒性 低, 作用时间长, 目前已被开发成治疗良性记忆障碍和早老性痴呆最 为安全有效的药物之一, 也是中国首创的一种世界级新药, 其成功开 发也使我们看到了从天然产物中寻找新型活性成分并进行新药研制 的希望。
伸筋草 (石松, Lycopodium japonicum Thunb. ) 为石松禾斗 (Lycopodiaceae )石松属植物, 为我国常用传统中药, 主要功效为祛 风除湿、 舒筋活络, 用于关节酸痛, 屈伸不利。 民间及临床使用发现 伴有增强心肌收缩力、兴奋平滑肌、 引起肌肉收缩抽搐等胆碱能副反 应, 暗示其中可能含有对胆碱能系统有作用的化学成分。本发明技术 方案试图对伸筋草中的微量生物碱类成分进行深入研究,期望发现结 构新颖, 具有乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制作用的天然活性成分。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是, 提供一类新结构类型的化合物: 伸 筋草碱 A-C (l-3) 及其药效学上可接受的盐。
Figure imgf000005_0001
本发明的另一个方面涉及化合物伸筋草碱 A-C (1-3)的制备方法。 本发明又一个方面又涉及一种药物组合物,其包括药物有效剂量 的、 作为活性成分的化合物伸筋草碱 A-C (1-3)及制药领域中常用的 载体。
本发明再一个方面涉及化合物伸筋草碱 A-C (1-3)及其组合物在 制备乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂药物中、 在制备治疗早老性痴呆症药物中、 和制备抗中老年记忆和认知能力减退疾病药物中的应用。
本发明化合物的药物组合物可根据本领域公知的方法制备。用于 此目的时, 如果需要, 可将本发明化合物与一种或多种固体或液体药 物赋形剂和 /或辅剂结合, 制成可作为药物使用的适当的施用形式或 剂量形式。
本发明化合物或含有它的药物组合物可以单位剂量形式给药,给 药途径可为肠道或非肠道,如口服、静脉注射、肌肉注射、皮下注射、 腹腔注射、 鼻腔、 口腔粘膜、 目艮、 肺和呼吸道、 皮肤、 阴道、 直肠等, 优选口服给药。
给药剂型可以是液体剂型、 固体剂型或半固体剂型。液体剂型可 以是溶液剂(包括真溶液和胶体溶液) 、 乳剂(包括 o/w型、 w/o型和 复乳) 、 混悬剂、 注射剂 (包括水针剂、 粉针剂和输液) 、 滴眼剂、 滴鼻剂、洗剂和搽剂等。固体剂型可以是片剂(包括普通片、肠溶片、 含片、 分散片、 咀嚼片、 泡腾片、 口腔崩解片) 、 胶囊剂 (包括硬胶 囊、 软胶囊、 肠溶胶囊) 、 颗粒剂、 散剂、 微丸、 滴丸、 栓剂、 膜剂、 贴片、气(粉)雾剂、 喷雾剂等; 半固体剂型可以是软膏剂、凝胶剂、 糊剂等。
本发明化合物可以制成普通制剂、也可以是缓释制剂、控释制剂、 靶向制剂及各种微粒给药系统。
为了将单位给药剂型制成片剂,可以广泛使用本领域公知的各种 赋形剂, 包括稀释剂、 黏合剂、 润湿剂、 崩解剂、 润滑剂、 助流剂。 稀释剂可以是淀粉、 糊精、 蔗糖、 葡萄糖、 乳糖、 甘露醇、 山梨醇、 木糖醇、 微晶纤维素、 硫酸钙、 磷酸氢钙、 碳酸钙等; 湿润剂可以是 水、 乙醇、 异丙醇等; 粘合剂可以是淀粉桨、 糊精、 糖桨、 蜂蜜、 葡 萄糖溶液、 微晶纤维素、 阿拉伯胶桨、 明胶桨、 羧甲基纤维素钠、 甲 基纤维素、 羟丙基甲基纤维素、 乙基纤维素、 丙烯酸树脂、 卡波姆、 聚乙烯吡咯垸酮、聚乙二丙醇等;崩解剂可以是干淀粉、微晶纤维素、 低取代羟丙基纤维素、 交联聚乙烯吡咯垸酮、 交联羧甲基纤维素钠、 羧甲基淀粉钠、 碳酸氢钠与枸橼酸、 碳酸钙、 聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇脂肪 酸酯、 十二垸基磺酸钠; 润滑剂和助流剂可以是滑石粉、 二氧化硅、 硬脂酸盐、 酒石酸、 液体石蜡、 聚乙二醇等。
还可以将片剂进一步制成包衣片, 例如糖包衣片、 薄膜包衣片、 肠溶包衣片, 或双层片和多层片。
为了将给药单元制成丸剂, 可以广泛使用本领域公知的各种载 体。 关于载体的例子是, 例如稀释剂与吸收剂, 如葡萄糖、 乳糖、 淀 粉、可可脂、氢化植物油、聚乙烯吡咯垸酮、月桂酸聚乙二醇甘油酯、 高岭土、 滑石粉等; 粘合剂, 如阿拉伯胶、 黄耆胶、 明胶、 乙醇、 蜂 蜜、液糖、米糊或面糊等; 崩解剂, 如琼脂粉、干燥淀粉、海藻酸盐、 十二垸基磺酸钠、 甲基纤维素、 乙基纤维素等。
为了将给药单元制成栓剂, 可以广泛使用本领域公知的各种载 体。 关于载体的例子是, 例如聚乙二醇、 卵磷脂、 可可脂、 高级醇、 高级醇的酯、 明胶、 半合成甘油酯等。
为了将给药单元制成胶囊, 将有效成分本发明化合物伸筋草碱
A-C (1-3)与上述的各种载体混合,并将由此得到的混合物置于硬的明 胶胶囊或软胶囊中。也可将有效成分本发明化合物制成微囊剂, 混悬 于水性介质中形成混悬剂, 亦可装入硬胶囊中或制成注射剂应用。
例如, 将本发明化合物伸筋草碱 A-C (1-3)制成注射用制剂, 如溶 液剂、 混悬剂溶液剂、 乳剂、 冻干粉针剂, 这种制剂可以是含水或非 水的, 可含一种和 /或多种药效学上可接受的载体、 稀释剂、 粘合剂、 润滑剂、 防腐剂、 表面活性剂或分散剂。 如稀释剂可选自水、 乙醇、 聚乙二醇、 1, 3-丙二醇、 乙氧基化的异硬脂醇、 多氧化的异硬脂醇、 聚氧乙烯山梨醇脂肪酸酯等。 另外, 为了制备等渗注射液, 可以向注 射用制剂中添加适量的氯化钠、 葡萄糖或甘油, 此外, 还可以添加常 规的助溶剂、 缓冲剂、 pH调节剂等。 这些辅料是本领域常用的。
此外, 如需要, 也可以向药物制剂中添加着色剂、防腐剂、香料、 矫味剂、 甜味剂或其它材料。
为达到用药目的, 增强治疗效果, 本发明的药物或药物组合物可 用任何公知的给药方法给药。
本发明化合物药物组合物的给药剂量取决于许多因素,例如所要 预防或治疗疾病的性质和严重程度,患者或动物的性别、年龄、体重、 性格及个体反应, 给药途径、 给药次数、 治疗目的, 因此本发明的治 疗剂量可以有大范围的变化。一般来讲, 本发明中药学成分的使用剂 量是本领域技术人员公知的。可以根据本发明化合物组合物中最后的 制剂中所含有的实际药物数量, 加以适当的调整, 以达到其治疗有效 量的要求, 完成本发明的预防或治疗目的。本发明化合物的每天的合 适剂量范围为 0.001〜10 mg/Kg体重, 分 2-4次服用。 本发明的化合物 或组合物可单独服用,或与其他治疗药物或对症药物合并使用并调整 剂量。 术语与简称
AChE 乙酰胆碱酯酶
ESI-MS 电喷雾质谱
HMBC 异核多键相关 (一种测定分子中远程氢碳连接关系的二维核磁共振谱)
HPLC 高效液相色谱
HRESI-MS 高分辨电喷雾质谱
HSQC 异核单量子相关 (一种测定分子中氢碳直接相连关系的二维核磁共振谱)
IC50 半数抑制剂量
IR 红外光谱
NMR 核磁共振
ROESY 旋转坐标系欧沃豪斯增益谱(一种测定分子中氢原子空间位置临近关系的二维 核磁共振谱)
UV 紫外光谱 附图说明
图 1 伸筋草的提取分离及伸筋草碱 A-C (1-3)的制备流程图 图 2伸筋草碱 A-C (1-3)的 X-ray单晶衍射结果 (分子椭球图) 具体实施方式 据文献报道, 石松科植物主要含有石松生物碱、 萜类、 有机酸、 黄酮和蒽醌等成分, 而伸筋草作为一种常见的石松科植物, 其生物碱 类成分由于含量较低而没有进行深入彻底的研究。本发明人通过加大 药材用量, 针对该药材提取物的生物碱部位, 通过正、 反相色谱等分 离手段得到具有乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性的三个活性化合物,并经多种 波谱数据及 X-ray单晶衍射确证其化学结构为前人未报道过的具有新 颖骨架的三个石松生物碱类化合物。下面的实施例及药物活性实验用 来进一步说明本发明, 但这并不意味着对本发明的任何限制。 实施例 1伸筋草碱 A-C (1-3)的分离及结构表征
伸筋草全草约 100Kg, 切成小段, 用 95%EtOH (乙醇, 1200L) 回流提取 3次, 第一次 3小时, 后两次每次 2小时。 提取液减压浓缩 得到浸膏 18Kg (;记作 A),将浸膏溶于 3%酒石酸水溶液(pH=2, 150L), 滤去不溶物 (记作 E, 5Kg)后再用乙酸乙酯 (3次, 每次 150L)萃取。萃 取后的酸水用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液 (18L)调 pH至 10, 氯仿萃取至氯仿 层无生物碱反应为止 (4 次, 每次 150L) , 氯仿层浓缩得总生物碱 135g (记作 B )。 总生物碱经碱性硅胶柱 (200-300目, pH 8-9) 色谱, 用石油醚: 丙酮 =20: 1, 10:1, 5:1, 1:1, 0:1, 丙酮: 甲醇 =20:1, 5: 1, 0: 1洗脱, 每个梯度洗脱 18000ml, 每 1000ml接收 1个流份, 各流份 减压回收溶剂后经 TLC (石油醚: 丙酮: 二乙胺 =1:1:0.1 ) 检识, 根 据主斑点予以合并, 得到 B1~B9九个组分。 组分 B3(8.7g)经硅胶柱
(200-300目, pH 6-7)色谱,采用石油醚:乙酸乙酯:二乙胺 =10:1:0.1, 8: 1:0.1, 6:1 :0.1, 4:1:0.1, 2:1:0.1, 1:1:0.1 梯度洗脱, 每个梯度洗脱 1500ml, 每 100ml接收 1个流份, 各流份回收溶剂后经 TLC (石油 醚: 乙酸乙酯: 二乙胺 =1 :1:0.1 )检识合并得到 Β3-1~Β3-9九个组分, B3-3组分 (2.65g)再经凝胶 Sephadex LH-20 (二氯甲垸: 甲醇 =1:1 ) 纯化及制备型 HPLC (Shimadzu LC-6AD型制备液相仪, YMC-pack ODS-A色谱柱 (250x20mm, 5μηι) , 洗脱条件: 乙腈 /醋酸铵缓冲液
(0.04mol/L醋酸铵 +0.1%醋酸) =15/85, 5ml/min, tR=27min)分离得 到化合物 3 (33mg); 组分 B7 (34.0g)经硅胶柱 (200-300目, pH 6-7) 色谱,采用石油醚:乙酸乙酯:二乙胺 =8:1:0.1, 5: 1:0.1, 3:1:0.1, 1 :1:0.1, 1:2:0.2梯度洗脱, 每个梯度洗脱 6000ml, 每 500ml接收 1个流份, 各流份回收溶剂后经 TLC (石油醚: 乙酸乙酯: 二乙胺 =1:2:0.1 ) 检 识合并得到 B7-1~B7-13十三个组分, B7-9 (2.10g) 组分再经硅胶柱
(200-300目, pH 6-7)色谱,采用二氯甲垸: 甲醇 =60: 1, 40:1, 20:1, 10: 1, 5:1梯度洗脱, 经 TLC (二氯甲垸: 甲醇 =10:1 ) 检识合并得到 B7-9a~B7-9g七个组分, B7-9c (0.21g)由制备型 TLC(二氯甲垸: 甲醇 =20: 1)得到化合物 2 (30mg); B7-10 ( 1.34g)组分经硅胶柱 (200-300 目, pH 6-7) 色谱, 采用二氯甲垸: 甲醇 =1:0, 40:1, 30:1, 20:1 梯 度洗脱,经 TLC (二氯甲垸:甲醇 =10:1)检识合并得到 B7-10a~B7-10e 五个组分, B7-10a组分放置过程中有针状结晶析出, 用丙酮洗涤得 白色结晶即化合物 1 (40mg)。 提取分离的流程图如附图 1所示。
伸筋草碱 A-C 1-3)的结构式及鉴定方法
Figure imgf000011_0001
伸筋草碱 A-C (1-3)的波谱数据和理化性质
1. 伸筋草碱 A (1)
无色透明结晶, mp. 223-225 °C; [a]2 D°: +130.6 (c 0.05 MeOH); UV (MeOH): λ max=203, 300 nm; IR: vmax=3371, 2967, 2928, 1736, 1697, 1488 1454 1415 1378, 1257, 1138, 910, 856 612, 587, 544cm—1; (+) ESI-MS: m/z =292.1 [M+H]+; HR-ESI-MS: m/z =292.1545 [M+H]+ (计算为 C16H21N04); 1HNMR和 13CNMR 数据见表 1
2. 伸筋草碱 B (2)
无色透明结晶, mp. 175-177°C; [a]2 D°: -17.4 (c 0.05 MeOH); UV (MeOH): λ =202 259, 300 nm; IR: v =3460 3319, 2921, 2850, 1700, 1646, 1465, 1416, 1279, 1095 1080, 848 787, 581 547cm"1; (+) ESI-MS: m/z =294.2 [M+H]+; HR-ESI-MS: m/z =294.1703 [M+H]+ (计算为 C16H23N04); 1HNMR和 13CNMR 数据见表 1
3. 伸筋草碱 C (3)
无色透明结晶, mp. 147-149°C; [a]2 D°: -139.6° (c 0.05 CHC13); UV (CHC13): 入 max=241nm: IR: vmax=2981 2956, 2938, 2773, 1726, 1657, 1442, 1384, 1262, 1203, 1159, 1121 , 1069, 885cm—1; (+) ESI-MS: m/z =274.2 [M+H]+; HR-ESI-MS : m/z =274.1809 [M+H]+ (计算为 C17H23N02 ) ; 1H NMR禾卩 13C NMR数据见表 1。 表 1. 化合物 1-3的 ^ NMR ( 500MHz ) 和 13C NMR (125MHz)数据 (t5 in ppm, J in Hz )
NO. la 2a 3b
¾ ¾ Sc ¾
la 2.98 (lH, ddd, 12.0, 12.0, 5.0) 48.7 2.98 (1H, m) 48.4 2.16 (1H, m) 52.6 lb 3.06 (1H, ddd, 12.0, 8.0, 4.5) 2.98 (1H, m) 2.74 (1H, m)
2a 1.78 (1H, m) 30.9 2.09 (1H, m) 31.8 1.48 (1H, m) 20.9
2b 2.00 (1H, m) 2.13 (1H, m) 1.62 (1H, m)
3 5.59 (lH, d, 6.0) 87.9 5.95 (lH, d, 5.0) 85.4 1.62 (2H, m) 25.9
4 75.0 71.8 63.1
5 215.9 4.38 (1H, brs (o)) 80.9 219.8
6a 2.39 (1H, m) 43.6 4.38 (1H, brs (o)) 71.3 2.24 (1H, m) 43.8
6b 3.47 (lH, dd, 18.0, 14.5) 2.66 (1H, m)
7 2.55 (1H, br ddd, 14.5, 6.5, 6.5) 41.3 2.43 (1H, m) 52.8 2.68 (1H, m) 39.5
8a 2.02 (1H, m) 34.7 1.58 (1H, ddd, 13.0, 13.0, 13.0) 33.7 2.00 (lH, dd, 19.0, 8.0) 34.9
8b 2.14 (1H, dd, 15.0, 6.5) 1.95 (1H, m) 2.43 (lH, dd, 19.0, 6.0)
9 4.10 (lH, d, 8.5) 78.9 3.72 (lH, d, 8.0) 77.7 2.61 (lH, m (o)) 71.6
10a 1.82 (1H, m) 24.2 1.67 (1H, dd, 14.5, 6.0) 23.5 1.58 (1H, m) 27.7
10b 2.10 (1H, m) 1.85 (1H, m) 2.16 (1H, m)
1 1a 2.03 (1H, m) 34.0 1.95 (1H, m) 39.7 1.56 (1H, m) 34.2 l ib 2.39 (1H, m) 1.95 (1H, m) 2.93 (1H, m)
12 66.6 63.7 60.0
13 210.5 212.0 199.5
14a 2.61 (1H, dd, 1 1.5, 2.0) 53.7 1.95 (1H, m) 46.9 6.04 (1H, s) 127.8
14b 2.90 (1H, d, 1 1.5) 2.74 (1H, ddd, 16.5, 9.0, 1.5)
15 77.5 2.04 (1H, m) 29.0 157.6
16 1.44 (3H, s) 32.2 0.86 (3H, d, 6.5) 23.3 1.92 (3H, s) 24.0
5-OH 6.53 (1H, brs)
6-OH 5.59 (lH, d, 6.5)
iV-CH3 2.27 (3H, s) 43.9 a氘代吡啶 b氘代氯仿 伸筋草碱 A-C (1-3)的 X-ray单晶衍射结果 (分子椭球图) 见附图 2。 药理实验
试验例 1伸筋草碱 A-C (1-3)的 AChE抑制活性测定
实验原理:
乙酰胆碱酯酶 (acetylcholinesterase, AChE ) 水解乙酰胆碱生成胆碱及乙酸, 胆碱可以与巯基显色剂反应生成 TNB (;对称三硝基苯, Sym-Trinitrobenzene) 黄色 化合物,根据颜色深浅进行比色定量, 水解产物胆碱的数量可以反映胆碱酯酶的 活力。 实验材料及所需仪器:
酶标仪, 水浴箱, 微量移液器, 乙酰胆碱酯酶测定试剂盒(南京建成生物工 程研究所), 试剂组成包括: 试剂一: l mol/L标准应用液; 试剂二: 底物; 试 剂三: 显色剂储备液; 试剂四: 抑制剂; 试剂五: 透明剂; 试剂六: 稳定剂; 试 剂七: 生理盐水。
操作步骤:
Figure imgf000013_0001
混匀, 放置 15分钟, 412nm下酶标仪测定吸光度。 抑制率 =[1- (测定管 OD值-对照管 OD值 M标准管 OD值-空白管 OD值)] X 100% 选用石杉碱甲为阳性对照, 其浓度为其 IC5Q浓度 8.2x lO—8mol/L, 在化合物与标 准应用液的混合液中化合物的终浓度分别为 10—5, 10"6, 10—7 mol/L。
测定结果: 从上述药理活性研究结果来看, 伸筋草 A-C(l-3) 均具有显著的乙酰胆碱酯 酶抑制活性, 其活性与阳性对照药石杉碱甲 (HupA) 相当或更强, 是很有价值 的新颖结构化合物。 序号 抑制率 (%) 石杉碱甲 10- 8 50.98 ±12.3
1 10-5 66.19±5.5
Figure imgf000014_0001
10-7 59.4±5.8
2 10-5 60.79 ±6.5
Figure imgf000014_0002
10-7 55.35±7.5
3 10-5 60.59±3.7
Figure imgf000014_0003

Claims

1. 如下式 1、 式 2和式 3所示的伸筋草碱 A-C及其药效学上可接受 的盐
Figure imgf000015_0002
2. 一种药物组合物,其特征在于,含有有效剂量的如式 1-3所示的伸 筋草碱 A-C 中至少一种或其药效学上可接受的盐, 以及药效学上 可以接受的载体。
3. 根据权利要求 2 的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述的药物组合物 选自片剂、 胶囊、 丸剂、 注射剂。
4. 根据权利要求 2 的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述的药物组合物 选自微粒给药系统。
5. 根据权利要求 2 的药物组合物, 其特征在于, 所述的药物组合物 选自缓释制剂、 控释制剂。
6. 权利要求 1化合物伸筋草碱 A-C的制备方法, 其主要来源于蕨类 植物伸筋草 ( Lycopodium japonicum Thunb. ) 的全草。
7. 权利要求 1化合物伸筋草碱 A-C及其药效学上可接受的盐在制备 乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂药物中的应用。
8. 权利要求 1化合物伸筋草碱 A-C及其药效学上可接受的盐在制备 治疗早老性痴呆症药物中的应用。 权利要求 1化合物伸筋草碱 A-C及其药效学上可接受的盐在 制备抗中老年记忆和认知能力减退疾病药物中的应用
PCT/CN2012/083360 2011-10-24 2012-10-23 伸筋草碱a-c、其制法和其药物组合物与用途 Ceased WO2013060258A1 (zh)

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CN103463053B (zh) * 2013-09-23 2015-12-02 温州成桥科技有限公司 Lycojaponicumin A在制备治疗肝癌药物中的应用
CN103463042B (zh) * 2013-09-23 2015-07-08 南京广康协生物医药技术有限公司 Lycojaponicumin A在制备治疗前列腺癌药物中的应用
CN103479633B (zh) * 2013-09-23 2015-12-09 温州成桥科技有限公司 Lycojaponicumin B在制备治疗鼻咽癌药物中的应用

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