WO2013058239A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013058239A1 WO2013058239A1 PCT/JP2012/076702 JP2012076702W WO2013058239A1 WO 2013058239 A1 WO2013058239 A1 WO 2013058239A1 JP 2012076702 W JP2012076702 W JP 2012076702W WO 2013058239 A1 WO2013058239 A1 WO 2013058239A1
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- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/24—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing hexavalent chromium compounds
- C23C22/33—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing hexavalent chromium compounds containing also phosphates
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
- C23C22/74—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process for obtaining burned-in conversion coatings
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- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1222—Hot rolling
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
- C21D8/1233—Cold rolling
Definitions
- the present invention is a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet mainly used for iron cores of transformers, electric motors, generators, etc., and particularly relatively strong bending work such as iron cores of small generators and small electric motors, or wound cores and EI cores.
- the present invention relates to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in which twinning hardly occurs even when subjected to shearing or the like, and a method for manufacturing the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.
- Directional electrical steel sheets and non-oriented electrical steel sheets are widely used as iron core materials for various transformers, electric motors, generators and the like.
- grain-oriented electrical steel sheets are highly integrated in the ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 001> orientation, which is called the Goss orientation, so that magnetic flux density is high and iron loss is low, such as transformers and generators. It has a good iron loss characteristic that directly leads to reduction of energy loss.
- Patent Document 1 twins are generated by reducing S and N in the raw material components and adding 0.5 to 5.0 mass% of the SO 3 compound in the annealing separator as the SO 3 component weight. Techniques for suppressing this have been proposed.
- Patent Document 2 the Ti concentration of the steel sheet including the forsterite coating is in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 times the N concentration, and the N in the steel is reduced, thereby shearing and bending. Techniques have been proposed to prevent time cracking.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and its purpose is to develop small-scale power generation by developing a technology for producing grain-oriented electrical steel sheets that can reduce the twinning rate compared to the prior art.
- the particle diameter of the forsterite constituting the undercoat (forsterite film), in particular, the average particle diameter of the traces of the undercoat constituting particles transferred to the peeling surface (the steel plate side) after the film peeling test In addition to optimizing the interface condition between the forsterite coating and the ground iron, reducing the average diameter in the C direction of the secondary recrystallized grains of iron is effective in reducing the twinning rate. It has been found that the twinning rate can be significantly reduced by reducing the C direction grain size of the secondary recrystallized grains of the steel sheet.
- the temperature increase rate in the heating process of the primary recrystallization annealing is controlled separately for the low temperature region and the high temperature region, and the activity distribution of MgO, which is the main component of the annealing separator, is controlled within an appropriate range.
- the present invention contains Si: 1.0 to 5.0 mass% and Mn: 0.01 to 1.0 mass%, and the balance is composed of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and is mainly composed of forsterite.
- the average grain size of the base coat constituent particle traces observed at the steel sheet side peeled portion after the film peeling test is 0.6 ⁇ m or less
- the secondary recrystallized grains A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having an average diameter in the C direction of 8 mm or less and a twin generation rate after a twinning test of 2% or less.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention further includes Cu: 0.01 to 0.2 mass%, Ni: 0.01 to 1.0 mass%, Cr: 0.01 to 0.5 mass%, One selected from Sb: 0.01 to 0.1 mass%, Sn: 0.01 to 0.5 mass%, Mo: 0.01 to 0.5 mass%, and Bi: 0.001 to 0.1 mass% Or it contains 2 or more types, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention further includes B: 0.001 to 0.01 mass%, Ge: 0.001 to 0.1 mass%, As: 0.005 to 0.1 mass. %, P: 0.005 to 0.1 mass%, Te: 0.005 to 0.1 mass%, Nb: 0.005 to 0.1 mass%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.1 mass%, and V: 0.00. It contains one or more selected from 005 to 0.1 mass%.
- the present invention may be one selected from C: 0.001 to 0.10 mass%, Si: 1.0 to 5.0 mass%, Mn: 0.01 to 1.0 mass%, S and Se, or 2 types: 0.01-0.05 mass% in total, sol.
- a method for producing grain-oriented electrical steel sheets that is subjected to sheet annealing, final thickness obtained by cold rolling at least once with intermediate or intermediate annealing, primary recrystallization annealing, annealing separator, and final finish annealing.
- the temperature increase rate S1 between 500 and 600 ° C. is 100 ° C./s or more
- the temperature increase rate S2 between 600 and 700 ° C. is between 30 ° C./s and 0.6 ⁇ S1 or less.
- the expected value ⁇ (A) of the citric acid activity distribution is 3.5 to 3.8
- the cumulative frequency F with the activity A of 4.0 or more is 25 to Direction characterized by using 45% MgO
- the method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention is characterized by performing decarburization annealing separately after performing primary recrystallization annealing to be heated at the above temperature increase rate.
- the steel slab in the method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention further includes Cu: 0.01 to 0.2 mass%, Ni: 0.01 to 1.0 mass%, Cr: 0.01-0.5 mass%, Sb: 0.01-0.1 mass%, Sn: 0.01-0.5 mass%, Mo: 0.01-0.5 mass% and Bi: 0.001-0. 1 type or 2 types or more chosen from 1 mass% are contained, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
- the steel slab in the method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention may further include B: 0.001 to 0.01 mass%, Ge: 0.001 to 0.1 mass%, As: 0.005 to 0.1 mass%, P: 0.005 to 0.1 mass%, Te: 0.005 to 0.1 mass%, Nb: 0.005 to 0.1 mass%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.00. It is characterized by containing one or more selected from 1 mass% and V: 0.005 to 0.1 mass%.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet that is difficult to cause twin deformation and has little deterioration in magnetic properties even when used in applications where strength processing is performed.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet targeted by the present invention usually has a base film (so-called forsterite film) mainly composed of forsterite (Mg 2 SiO 4 ) and an overcoat film (insulating film) coated thereon. It is a well-known thing.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention needs to have an average diameter in the C direction (direction perpendicular to the rolling direction) of the secondary recrystallized grains of 8 mm or less.
- the reason for limiting the average diameter in the C direction to the above range is that, since twins usually take a form extending in the C direction, the strain applied during processing is reduced by shortening the C direction diameter of the secondary recrystallized grains. This is because it is possible to prevent local concentration of twins and to prevent twin deformation. Therefore, for example, the present invention cannot be applied to a technique in which a coil is annealed under a temperature gradient and crystal grains are elongated in the C direction. Conversely, no matter how much the film extends in the L direction (rolling direction), it does not matter if the average diameter in the C direction is short.
- the preferable C direction average diameter of a secondary recrystallized grain is 6 mm or less.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention has an average particle diameter of 0.6 ⁇ m of the marks of the underlying coating film constituent particles (forsterite particles) that are observed on the base metal side (steel side) peeling surface after the film peeling test. It is necessary that:
- the film peeling test seeks to evaluate the adhesion of the film by obtaining the minimum bending diameter (diameter) at which the film does not peel off when the steel sheet is wound around cylindrical rods having various diameters. It is a test.
- grain is bend-tested by the diameter smaller than the said minimum bending diameter, a film is peeled off, the part which can observe the exposed surface of a ground iron is cut off, and the ground iron side ( The undercoat peeling part on the steel sheet side was observed with an SEM, and the particle diameter of the transferred undercoat constituent particles (forsterite particles) was determined by image analysis. At this time, the remaining part of the coating and the neck part with the anchor were excluded from the image analysis range.
- FIG. 1 shows a comparison of SEM photographs of a base film peeling portion of a steel sheet having a low twinning rate and a steel sheet having a high twinning rate. From this figure, the trace of forsterite particles that make up the undercoat is clearly left on the surface of the steel strip side (steel plate side) coating peeling part, and is observed in the steel plate with a low twinning rate. It can be seen that the particle size of the underlying coating-constituting particles is smaller than that of a steel plate having a high twinning rate.
- the twinning rate in this figure is the same as that in Patent Document 1, specifically, 60 or more JIS No.
- test pieces were subjected to a tensile test at room temperature and a tensile speed of 10 m / min, and pickled. It is the ratio (%) of the number of twinned samples to the total number of test samples obtained by macro-etching and visually observing twin lines.
- FIG. 2 shows the forsterite grain size transferred to the undercoat peeling part after the peeling test on the steel plates having secondary recrystallized grains having average diameters in the C direction of 15 mm and 8 mm and different twinning rates. , Measured by the method described above, shows the relationship between the particle size of the underlying coating film constituting particles and the twinning rate. From this figure, it is difficult to reduce the rate of twinning in a steel sheet with a secondary recrystallized grain having a C direction diameter of 15 mm.
- the inventors consider as follows.
- the orientation of secondary recrystallized grains is highly accumulated at ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 001>.
- ⁇ 112 ⁇ Twinning deformation occurs due to the ⁇ 111> twisting system.
- twin deformation occurs only when the strain rate is high or when it is deformed at a low temperature because the deformation energy is high.
- the starting point of such twin deformation is considered to be the ground iron-coating interface where the strain accumulates most when subjected to deformation. Therefore, if the forsterite grain size at the interface is large, the undulation of the steel plate part increases and the tension effect by the forsterite film becomes anisotropic, resulting in local stress concentration and twinning. It is thought that it becomes easy to do.
- FIG. 3 shows an SEM photograph of the forsterite film of the steel sheets having different twinning rates shown in FIG. 1 observed from the surface. Since the forsterite particle size on the surface is almost the same, It can be seen that the particle size of forsterite is greatly different at the base metal-coating interface. Therefore, the generation of twins cannot be suppressed only by reducing the forsterite particle size observed from the surface of the undercoat, and the twins can be suppressed only by reducing the particle size at the base metal-coating interface. It can be done.
- the C-direction diameter of the secondary recrystallized grains and the grain size transferred to the ground iron side of the undercoat constituent particles (forsterite particles) It can be seen that it is important to refine any of these.
- the average particle diameter of a preferable undercoat film constituting particle trace is 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- C 0.001 to 0.10 mass%
- C is a component necessary for generating goth-oriented crystal grains, and it is necessary to contain 0.001 mass% or more in order to exhibit such an effect.
- addition exceeding 0.10 mass% makes it difficult to decarburize to a level that does not cause magnetic aging by subsequent decarburization annealing. Therefore, C is set in the range of 0.001 to 0.10 mass%. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.015 to 0.08 mass%.
- Si 1.0 to 5.0 mass%
- Si is a component necessary for increasing the electrical resistance of steel to reduce iron loss, stabilizing the BCC structure, and enabling high-temperature heat treatment, and requires addition of at least 1.0 mass%.
- addition exceeding 5.0 mass% decreases workability and makes it difficult to perform cold rolling. Therefore, Si is set in the range of 1.0 to 5.0 mass%. Preferably, it is in the range of 2.0 to 4.0 mass%.
- Mn 0.01 to 1.0 mass%
- Mn is effective in improving the hot brittleness of steel, and when it contains S or Se, it forms a precipitate such as MnS or MnSe and functions as an inhibitor (inhibitor). It is. The said effect is acquired by addition of 0.01 mass% or more. However, if added in excess of 1.0 mass%, precipitates such as MnSe are coarsened and the effect as an inhibitor is lost. Therefore, Mn is set to a range of 0.01 to 1.0 mass%. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.03 to 0.50 mass%.
- Al 0.003 to 0.050 mass%
- Al is a useful component that forms AlN in steel and acts as an inhibitor as a dispersed second phase.
- sol. When the content as Al is less than 0.003 mass%, a sufficient amount of AlN cannot be ensured.
- AlN precipitates coarsely, and acts as an inhibitor on the contrary. Will be lost. Therefore, Al is sol. Al ranges from 0.003 to 0.050 mass%. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.005 to 0.03 mass%.
- N 0.001 to 0.020 mass%
- N is a component necessary for forming Al and AlN to act as an inhibitor. However, if the addition amount is less than 0.001 mass%, the precipitation of AlN is insufficient. On the other hand, if the addition amount exceeds 0.020 mass%, blistering or the like occurs during slab heating. Therefore, N is set in the range of 0.001 to 0.020 mass%. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.002 to 0.015 mass%.
- S, Se 1 type or 2 types in total 0.01 to 0.05 mass%
- S and Se are useful components that combine with Mn and Cu to form MnSe, MnS, Cu 2-x Se, Cu 2-x S, precipitate as a dispersed second phase in steel, and exhibit an inhibitory action. is there. If the total content of S and Se is less than 0.01 mass%, the above-described addition effect is not sufficient. On the other hand, addition exceeding 0.05 mass% not only results in incomplete solid solution during slab heating. This also causes surface defects on the product plate. Therefore, the addition amount of these elements is set in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 mass% in both cases of single addition and composite addition. Preferably, it is in the range of 0.015 to 0.028 mass%.
- C is decarburized during the manufacturing process and removed from the steel, and Al, N, S and Se are purified from the final finish annealing and removed from the steel. Also, the content becomes an inevitable impurity level.
- the steel slab used for the production of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention has Cu: 0.01 to 0.2 mass%, Ni: 0.01 to 1.0 mass%, Cr: 0 in addition to the above component composition. 0.01 to 0.5 mass%, Sb: 0.01 to 0.1 mass%, Sn: 0.01 to 0.5 mass%, Mo: 0.01 to 0.5 mass%, and Bi: 0.001 to 0.1 1 type or 2 types or more chosen from% can be contained. These elements segregate on the crystal grain boundaries and the steel sheet surface and act as auxiliary inhibitors to improve the magnetic properties, so that they can be added as necessary.
- the addition amount of any element is less than the lower limit, the effect of suppressing the coarsening of the primary grains is insufficient in the high temperature region of the secondary recrystallization process.
- the addition amount exceeds the above upper limit value, poor appearance of the forsterite film and secondary recrystallization failure tend to occur. Therefore, when adding, it is preferable to set it as the said range.
- the steel slab used for producing the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention has B: 0.001 to 0.01 mass%, Ge: 0.001 to 0.1 mass%, As: 0 in addition to the above component composition.
- V One or more selected from 0.005 to 0.1 mass% can be contained. Any of these elements has an effect of enhancing the inhibitory effect (suppressing force) and stably increasing the magnetic flux density, and can be added as necessary.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention is a steel material (steel slab) produced by melting steel having the above-described composition by a conventionally known refining process and using a continuous casting method or an ingot-bundling rolling method. Then, the steel slab is hot-rolled to form a hot-rolled sheet, and if necessary, hot-rolled sheet annealing is performed, and then the final sheet thickness is reduced by one or more cold rollings sandwiching intermediate annealing. Cold-rolled sheet.
- steel material steel material (steel slab) produced by melting steel having the above-described composition by a conventionally known refining process and using a continuous casting method or an ingot-bundling rolling method. Then, the steel slab is hot-rolled to form a hot-rolled sheet, and if necessary, hot-rolled sheet annealing is performed, and then the final sheet thickness is reduced by one or more cold rollings sandwiching intermediate annealing. Cold-rolled sheet.
- an annealing separator mainly composed of MgO on the steel sheet surface and drying It can be manufactured by a manufacturing method comprising a series of steps of performing final finish annealing and applying planarization annealing also serving as coating and baking of an insulating film.
- conventionally known conditions can be adopted for conditions other than the primary recrystallization annealing and the annealing separator, and there is no particular limitation. Therefore, the conditions for the primary recrystallization annealing and the annealing separator will be described.
- the temperature increase rate S1 from 500 to 600 ° C. needs to be 100 ° C./s or more. This is to reduce the grain size in the C direction of the crystal grains, and if it is less than 100 ° C./s, the grain size in the C direction becomes too large.
- S1 is 120 ° C./s or higher.
- the temperature increase rate S2 from 600 ° C. to 700 ° C. is 30 ° C./s or more and 0.6 ⁇ S 1 or less.
- the value of 0.6 ⁇ S1 or less is limited from the viewpoint of securing the initial oxidation amount.
- S1 since S1 is fast, the subgrain boundary density is lowered, but initial oxidation occurs from the subgrain boundaries of the recovered cell structure, so if S2 is larger than 0.6 ⁇ S1, the initial oxidation is insufficient. Because it does.
- the reason why S2 is set to 30 ° C./s or more is to reduce the grain size in the C direction and prevent the initial oxidation amount from becoming too high.
- the initial oxidation amount becomes too high.
- Preferred S2 is in the range of 40 ° C./s or more and 0.5 ⁇ S1 or less.
- the initial oxidation amount formed by primary recrystallization annealing When the initial oxidation amount formed by primary recrystallization annealing is small, it becomes a dendrite-like subscale with low atmosphere protection during finish annealing, while when the initial oxidation amount is large, the subsequent oxidation is suppressed. It becomes a subscale with a low oxygen basis weight, and lowers the atmosphere protection during finish annealing.
- the atmosphere protection during finish annealing is lowered, the surface layer concentration of silica (SiO 2 ) is delayed until the high temperature range, and the film formation of the coating-steel interface occurs at the high temperature range.
- the forsterite particle size becomes coarse. Therefore, only by controlling S2 so as to fall within the above-described proper range, the particle diameter of the base coating film constituting particle at the coating-base iron interface can be made fine, and the generation of twins can be suppressed.
- the primary recrystallization annealing after the final cold rolling is often performed in combination with decarburization annealing, but in the present invention, primary recrystallization annealing may be performed in combination with decarburization annealing. Moreover, after heating on the said temperature rising conditions and performing a primary recrystallization annealing, it may cool down once and may perform a decarburization annealing again.
- the inhibitor may be reinforced by performing nitriding treatment before or after the primary recrystallization annealing or during the primary recrystallization annealing, but the nitriding treatment can also be applied in the present invention. is there.
- the “activity distribution” of MgO is a method described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-353054, in which MgO and citric acid are reacted, and the change over time in the reaction rate R (%) in the reaction process is optically measured.
- the distribution of this differential curve is obtained by a general method. As a result, it becomes possible to predict the reaction rate at each stage from the beginning to the end of the reaction, and it is easy to control the activity at the time of MgO production and to judge the suitability when used as a material involved in some reaction. be able to.
- the expected value ⁇ (A) is obtained as follows.
- the reason why the present invention uses MgO whose activity distribution is controlled in the above range is that the expected value (average value) of the activity distribution of MgO is shifted to the low activity side as described above, thereby reducing the finish annealing. This is to suppress the forsterite formation reaction in the temperature range, increase the number of nucleation of forsterite by increasing the reaction in the high temperature range, refine the forsterite grain size, and reduce the twin rate during steel plate processing. . If the expected value ⁇ (A) of the activity distribution of MgO is less than 3.5 or if the cumulative frequency F is less than 25%, the forsterite formation reaction in the low temperature range is promoted and the forsterite is granulated.
- the forsterite formation reaction does not proceed sufficiently in the high temperature range, and the forsterite film deteriorates.
- the expected value ⁇ (A) of the activity distribution of MgO is in the range of 3.6 to 3.7, and the cumulative frequency F where the activity A is 4.0 or more is in the range of 30 to 40%.
- the annealing separator used in the present invention includes conventionally known titanium oxide and boron such as Mg, Ca, Sr, Na, Li, Sn, Sb, Cr, Fe, and Ni in addition to MgO as a main component. Acid salts, sulfates, carbonates, hydroxides, chlorides and the like can be added alone or in combination. Further, the application amount of the annealing separator to the steel sheet surface is preferably 8 to 16 g / m 2 on both sides, and the hydration amount is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3.7 mass%.
- a linear groove is formed on the steel sheet surface, or after final finish annealing, or After the insulating coating (top coating) is formed, the surface of the steel sheet may be irradiated with a laser, plasma, electron beam, or the like, and may be subjected to magnetic domain fragmentation.
- a steel slab containing Al: 0.03 mass%, N: 0.007 mass%, Cu: 0.2 mass%, and Sb: 0.03 mass%, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities is heated at 1430 ° C for 30 minutes.
- a coating liquid composed of magnesium phosphate-colloidal silica-chromic anhydride-silica powder was applied to the surface of the steel sheet, and flattening annealing was performed for both baking and shape correction of the steel sheet to obtain a product coil.
- the steel plate of the example of an invention manufactured on condition that the rate of temperature rise in primary recrystallization annealing and MgO in an annealing separation agent are suitable for the present invention were all transferred to the base metal side peeling surface after the film peeling test. It can be seen that the average particle diameter of the underlying coating film constituting particle trace is 0.6 ⁇ m or less, the C direction average diameter of the secondary recrystallized grains is 8 mm or less, and the twin rate after the twinning test is 2% or less.
- a steel slab having the various component compositions shown in Table 2 and the balance consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities is heated at 1430 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then hot-rolled to form a hot-rolled sheet having a thickness of 2.2 mm.
- hot-rolled sheet annealing at 1 ° C. for 1 minute, cold rolled to an intermediate sheet thickness of 1.5 mm, subjected to intermediate annealing at 1100 ° C. for 2 minutes, and further cold rolled to a final sheet thickness of 0
- a .23 mm cold-rolled plate was subjected to magnetic domain subdivision treatment for forming linear grooves by electrolytic etching. Thereafter, the temperature is increased to 700 ° C. with a temperature increase rate S1 between 500 and 600 ° C.
- an MgO with various changes in the expected value ⁇ and the cumulative frequency F of the MgO activity distribution is used as a main component, and an annealing separator containing 10 mass% of TiO 2 as an additive is made into a slurry, and the amount of hydration is Apply 15g / m 2 on both sides of steel plate to 3.0mass%, dry, wind on coil, final finish anneal, then coating consisting of magnesium phosphate-colloidal silica-chromic anhydride-silica powder A liquid was applied, and this baking and flattening annealing that doubled the shape correction of the steel sheet were performed to obtain a product coil.
- the steel sheet of the inventive example manufactured under the conditions that the temperature rising rate in the primary recrystallization annealing and MgO in the annealing separator are compatible with the present invention were transferred to the base metal side peeling surface after the film peeling test. It can be seen that the average particle diameter of the underlying coating film constituting particle trace is 0.6 ⁇ m or less, the C direction average diameter of the secondary recrystallized grains is 8 mm or less, and the twin rate after the twinning test is 2% or less.
- a steel slab containing Al: 0.03 mass%, N: 0.007 mass%, Cu: 0.2 mass%, and Sb: 0.02 mass% with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities is heated at 1430 ° C for 30 minutes.
- Decarburization annealing was performed at 840 ° C. for 2 minutes under an atmosphere of PH 2 O / PH 2 of 0.4. Then, the expected value ⁇ of the activity distribution is 3.6, the cumulative frequency F of which the activity A is 4.0 or more is 32%, the expected value ⁇ of the activity distribution is 3.3, and the activity A is 3.3%.
- the MgO 4.0 or more integrated frequency F is 43% as a main component
- the two types of annealing separator in which the TiO 2 was added 10 mass% in the slurry, so that the amount of hydration is 3.0 mass% 15g / m 2 is applied to both sides of the steel sheet, dried, wound into a coil, and subjected to final finish annealing, followed by coating with a coating solution of magnesium phosphate-colloidal silica-chromic anhydride-silica powder, and this baking And a flattened annealing that also serves to correct the shape of the steel sheet to obtain a product coil.
- the transformer using the steel sheet of the present invention manufactured under the conditions in which the temperature increase rate in the primary recrystallization annealing and MgO in the annealing separator is suitable for the present invention has a low iron loss and a low building factor. Recognize.
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Abstract
Description
本発明が対象とする方向性電磁鋼板は、フォルステライト(Mg2SiO4)を主体とする下地被膜(いわゆるフォルステライト被膜)と、その上にコーティング処理された上塗被膜(絶縁被膜)を有する通常公知のものである。
ただし、本発明の方向性電磁鋼板は、二次再結晶粒のC方向(圧延方向に直角方向)の平均径が8mm以下であることが必要である。C方向の平均径を上記範囲に制限する理由は、通常、双晶はC方向に伸展した形態をとるため、二次再結晶粒のC方向径を短くすることで、加工時に付与される歪が局所的に集中するのを防止し、双晶変形を防ぐことができるからである。従って、例えば、コイルを温度勾配下で焼鈍し、C方向に結晶粒を伸張させるような技術には、本発明を適用することはできない。逆に、L方向(圧延方向)には、いくら伸張していても、C方向の平均径が短ければ差し支えない。なお、好ましい二次再結晶粒のC方向平均径は6mm以下である。
ここで、上記被膜剥離試験は、種々の直径が異なる円筒状の棒に鋼板を巻き付けたとき、被膜の剥離が発生しない最小曲げ径(直径)を求めることで被膜の密着性を評価しようとする試験である。
そして、本発明では、上記下地被膜構成粒子の平均粒径を、上記最小曲げ径より小さい径で曲げ試験して被膜を剥離させ、地鉄の露出面が観察できる部分を切り取り、地鉄側(鋼板側)の下地被膜剥離部をSEMで観察し、転写された下地被膜構成粒子(フォルステライト粒子)跡の粒径を画像解析することにより求めた。なお、この際には、被膜の残存部やアンカーとのネック部は画像解析範囲から除外した。
方向性電磁鋼板は、二次再結晶粒の方位が{110}<001>に高度に集積しているが、このような結晶方位を有する鋼板では、圧延方向に変形が加わると、{112}<111>の辷り系が働いて双晶変形が起こる。ただし、双晶変形は、変形エネルギーが高いため、歪み速度が速い場合や、低温で変形された場合にのみ起こる。
そして、このような双晶変形の発生起点は、変形を受けた際に最も歪みが蓄積する地鉄-被膜界面であると考えられる。そのため、上記界面におけるフォルステライト粒径が大きいと、鋼板部分の起伏が増大するとともに、フォルステライト被膜による張力効果も非等方的となり、その結果、局所的な応力集中が起こり、双晶が発生し易くなるものと考えられる。
したがって、下地被膜の表面から観察されるフォルステライト粒径を小さくしただけでは、双晶の発生を抑えることができず、地鉄-被膜界面における粒径を小さくすることによってのみ、双晶を抑制することができるのである。
C:0.001~0.10mass%
Cは、ゴス方位結晶粒を発生させるために必要な成分であり、斯かる作用を発現させるためには0.001mass%以上含有させる必要がある。一方、0.10mass%を超える添加は、その後の脱炭焼鈍で磁気時効を起こさないレベルまで脱炭することが難しくなる。よって、Cは0.001~0.10mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.015~0.08mass%の範囲である。
Siは、鋼の電気抵抗を高めて鉄損を低減すると共に、BCC組織を安定化し、高温熱処理を可能とするために必要な成分であり、少なくとも1.0mass%の添加を必要とする。しかし、5.0mass%を超える添加は、加工性を低下させ、冷間圧延して製造することが難しくなる。よって、Siは1.0~5.0mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは2.0~4.0mass%の範囲である。
Mnは、鋼の熱間脆性を改善するのに有効である他、SやSeを含有している場合には、MnSやMnSe等の析出物を形成し、抑制剤(インヒビター)として機能する元素である。上記効果は0.01mass%以上の添加で得られる。しかし、1.0mass%を超えて添加すると、MnSe等の析出物が粗大化し、インヒビターとしての効果が失われてしまう。よって、Mnは0.01~1.0mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.03~0.50mass%の範囲である。
Alは、鋼中でAlNを形成し、分散第二相としてインヒビターの作用をする有用成分である。しかし、sol.Alとしての含有量が0.003mass%未満では、十分な量のAlNを確保することができず、一方、0.050mass%を超えて添加すると、AlNが粗大に析出し、却ってインヒビターとしての作用が失われてしまう。よって、Alは、sol.Alとして0.003~0.050mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.005~0.03mass%の範囲である。
Nは、AlとAlNを形成してインヒビターとして作用するために必要な成分である。しかし、添加量が0.001mass%を下回るとAlNの析出が不十分であり、一方、0.020mass%を超えて添加すると、スラブ加熱時にふくれ等を発生する。よって、Nは0.001~0.020mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.002~0.015mass%の範囲である。
SおよびSeは、MnやCuと結合してMnSe,MnS,Cu2-xSe,Cu2-xSを形成し、鋼中に分散第二相として析出し、インヒビター作用を発揮する有用成分である。SおよびSeの合計含有量が0.01mass%に満たないと、上記の添加効果が十分ではなく、一方、0.05mass%を超える添加は、スラブ加熱時に固溶が不完全となるだけでなく、製品板の表面欠陥の原因ともなる。そのため、これらの元素の添加量は、単独添加あるいは複合添加のいずれの場合も0.01~0.05mass%の範囲とする。好ましくは0.015~0.028mass%の範囲である。
これらの元素は、結晶粒界や鋼板表面に偏析して補助的なインヒビターとして作用し、磁気特性を向上する効果があるため、必要に応じて添加することができる。しかし、いずれの元素も添加量が上記下限値に満たない場合は、二次再結晶過程の高温域で、一次粒の粗大化を抑制する効果が不足する。一方、添加量が上記上限値を超えると、フォルステライト被膜の外観不良や二次再結晶不良が発生し易くなる。よって、添加する場合には、上記範囲とするのが好ましい。
これらの元素は、いずれも、インヒビター効果(抑制力)を強化し、磁束密度を安定的に高める効果があるので、必要に応じて添加することができる。
本発明の方向性電磁鋼板は、上記に説明した成分組成を有する鋼を従来公知の精錬プロセスで溶製し、連続鋳造法または造塊-分塊圧延法等を用いて鋼素材(鋼スラブ)とし、その後、上記鋼スラブを熱間圧延して熱延板とし、必要に応じて熱延板焼鈍を施した後、1回もしくは中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延により最終板厚の冷延板とする。次いで、一次再結晶焼鈍あるいは脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施し、必要に応じて窒化処理を施した後、鋼板表面にMgOを主成分とする焼鈍分離剤を塗布し、乾燥した後、最終仕上焼鈍を施し、絶縁被膜の塗布、焼付けを兼ねた平坦化焼鈍を施す一連の工程からなる製造方法で製造することができる。上記製造方法のうち、一次再結晶焼鈍および焼鈍分離剤以外の条件については、従来公知の条件を採用することができ、特に制限はない。
そこで、一次再結晶焼鈍条件および焼鈍分離剤の条件については説明する。
本発明における一次再結晶焼鈍は、500~600℃までの昇温速度S1を100℃/s以上とする必要がある。これは、結晶粒のC方向粒径を小さくするためであり、100℃/s未満では、C方向の粒径が大きくなり過ぎる。また、S1を100℃/s以上とすることにより、鋼板の回復、再結晶温度が高まり、亜粒界密度が低下する効果もあるので、600℃以上で起こる初期酸化量に大きな影響を及ぼす。好ましくは、S1は120℃/s以上である。
また、一次再結晶焼鈍の前または後、あるいは、一次再結晶焼鈍中に窒化処理を施してインヒビターを補強することが行われることがあるが、本発明においても窒化処理を適用することは可能である。
上記のような昇温速度で加熱して一次再結晶焼鈍あるいは脱炭焼鈍を兼ねた一次再結晶焼鈍を施した鋼板は、その後、焼鈍分離剤を鋼板表面に塗布し、乾燥した後、最終仕上焼鈍を施す。
この際、本発明において重要なことは、上記焼鈍分離剤の主成分として、活性度分布を適正範囲に制御したMgOを用いる、具体的には、クエン酸活性度の活性度分布期待値μ(A)が3.5~3.8で、活性度Aが4.0以上の積算頻度Fが25~45%のMgOを用いることである。
そして、期待値μ(A)は以下のようにして求められる。
上記MgOとクエン酸の反応時間をt(sec)としたとき、活性度Aは、
A=Lnt
(ここで、Lntは、反応時間t(sec)の自然対数)
であり、
P(A)=dR/d(Lnt)=dR/dA
としたとき、
μ(A)=∫A・P(A)dA
より計算することができる。
また、「活性度Aが4.0以上の積算頻度F」は、図4に示すように、横軸を活性度A(反応時間の自然対数Lnt)、縦軸を反応率Rの活性度Aにおける微分係数(dR/dA=P(A))として表したとき、活性度Aが4.0以上となる範囲について、P(A)を積算することで求められる。
MgOの活性度分布の期待値μ(A)が3.5より小さいと、あるいは、積算頻度Fが25%よりも少ないと、低温度域でのフォルステライト形成反応が促進されてフォルステライトが粒成長し過ぎ、逆に、3.8よりも大きいと、あるいは、積算頻度Fが45%よりも多いと、高温域でのフォルステライト形成反応が十分に進行せず、フォルステライト被膜が劣化する。好ましくは、MgOの活性度分布の期待値μ(A)は3.6~3.7の範囲、活性度Aが4.0以上の積算頻度Fは30~40%の範囲である。
また、焼鈍分離剤の鋼板表面への塗布量は、両面で8~16g/m2、水和量は0.5~3.7mass%の範囲とすることが好ましい。
Claims (7)
- Si:1.0~5.0mass%およびMn:0.01~1.0mass%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成を有し、フォルステライトを主体とする下地被膜と上塗被膜とを有する方向性電磁鋼板において、被膜剥離試験後の鋼板側剥離部に観察される下地被膜構成粒子跡の平均粒径が0.6μm以下、二次再結晶粒のC方向平均径が8mm以下で、双晶試験後の双晶発生率が2%以下であることを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板。
- 上記成分組成に加えてさらに、Cu:0.01~0.2mass%、Ni:0.01~1.0mass%、Cr:0.01~0.5mass%、Sb:0.01~0.1mass%、Sn:0.01~0.5mass%、Mo:0.01~0.5mass%およびBi:0.001~0.1mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
- 上記成分組成に加えてさらに、B:0.001~0.01mass%、Ge:0.001~0.1mass%、As:0.005~0.1mass%、P:0.005~0.1mass%、Te:0.005~0.1mass%、Nb:0.005~0.1mass%、Ti:0.005~0.1mass%およびV:0.005~0.1mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
- C:0.001~0.10mass%、Si:1.0~5.0mass%、Mn:0.01~1.0mass%、SおよびSeのうちから選ばれる1種または2種:合計0.01~0.05mass%、sol.Al:0.003~0.050mass%およびN:0.001~0.020mass%を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる成分組成の鋼スラブを熱間圧延し、必要に応じて熱延板焼鈍し、1回もしくは中間焼鈍を挟む2回以上の冷間圧延により最終板厚とし、一次再結晶焼鈍し、焼鈍分離剤を塗布し、最終仕上焼鈍を施す方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法において、
上記一次再結晶焼鈍の500~600℃間の昇温速度S1を100℃/s以上、600~700℃間の昇温速度S2を30℃/s以上0.6×S1以下となるよう制御すると共に、上記焼鈍分離剤の主成分として、クエン酸活性度分布の期待値μ(A)が3.5~3.8で、活性度Aが4.0以上の積算頻度Fが25~45%のMgOを用いることを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。 - 上記昇温速度で加熱する一次再結晶焼鈍した後、別途、脱炭焼鈍することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 上記鋼スラブは、上記成分組成に加えてさらに、Cu:0.01~0.2mass%、Ni:0.01~1.0mass%、Cr:0.01~0.5mass%、Sb:0.01~0.1mass%、Sn:0.01~0.5mass%、Mo:0.01~0.5mass%およびBi:0.001~0.1mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項4または5に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
- 上記鋼スラブは、上記成分組成に加えてさらに、B:0.001~0.01mass%、Ge:0.001~0.1mass%、As:0.005~0.1mass%、P:0.005~0.1mass%、Te:0.005~0.1mass%、Nb:0.005~0.1mass%、Ti:0.005~0.1mass%およびV:0.005~0.1mass%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項4~6のいずれか1項に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
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| TWI667672B (zh) * | 2017-01-10 | 2019-08-01 | 日商日本製鐵股份有限公司 | 捲繞鐵芯、及其製造方法 |
| WO2018131613A1 (ja) * | 2017-01-10 | 2018-07-19 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 巻鉄心、及びその製造方法 |
| JPWO2018131613A1 (ja) * | 2017-01-10 | 2019-11-07 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 巻鉄心、及びその製造方法 |
| RU2713622C1 (ru) * | 2017-01-10 | 2020-02-05 | Ниппон Стил Корпорейшн | Ленточный сердечник и способ его изготовления |
| US10886055B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 | 2021-01-05 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Wound core and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP2019178378A (ja) * | 2018-03-30 | 2019-10-17 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 |
| JP7214974B2 (ja) | 2018-03-30 | 2023-01-31 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20140064936A (ko) | 2014-05-28 |
| EP2770075A1 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
| US20140251514A1 (en) | 2014-09-11 |
| KR101620763B1 (ko) | 2016-05-12 |
| CN103890211A (zh) | 2014-06-25 |
| CN103890211B (zh) | 2016-10-19 |
| US9805851B2 (en) | 2017-10-31 |
| EP2770075A4 (en) | 2015-10-14 |
| JP5610084B2 (ja) | 2014-10-22 |
| JPWO2013058239A1 (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
| EP2770075B1 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
| RU2569273C1 (ru) | 2015-11-20 |
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