WO2013058019A1 - 生分解性が制御された生分解性ポリマー - Google Patents
生分解性が制御された生分解性ポリマー Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013058019A1 WO2013058019A1 PCT/JP2012/071780 JP2012071780W WO2013058019A1 WO 2013058019 A1 WO2013058019 A1 WO 2013058019A1 JP 2012071780 W JP2012071780 W JP 2012071780W WO 2013058019 A1 WO2013058019 A1 WO 2013058019A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
- C08G69/14—Lactams
- C08G69/24—Pyrrolidones or piperidones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/06—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/91—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/48—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L67/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L77/02—Polyamides derived from omega-amino carboxylic acids or from lactams thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a biodegradable polymer with controlled biodegradability, and a molded article containing the biodegradable polymer. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for controlling biodegradability of a biodegradable polymer.
- a characteristic of polyamide 4 (hereinafter also referred to as PA4) is that it can be synthesized from biomass. That is, the raw material monomer (2-pyrrolidone) can be obtained via ⁇ -aminobutyric acid obtained by decarboxylating glutamic acid, which is industrially produced by fermenting biomass (glucose).
- polyamide 4 has a polymer chain structure with a short methylene chain length, hydrogen bonding between molecules is strengthened, and it has excellent thermal and mechanical properties.
- polyamide 4 is biodegraded by microorganisms in a natural environment such as activated sludge, seawater, and soil.
- the initiator is combined by the polymerization mechanism to generate a polymerization growth species, the polyamide 4 can be easily designed as a polymer.
- Polyamide 4 is a ring-opening polymerization of 2-pyrrolidone by an activated monomer mechanism by William O. Ney et al. In 1956 using potassium metal as a basic catalyst and an acyl group-containing compound as an activator.
- Patent Document 1 new catalyst system, polymerization method, copolymerization with ⁇ -caprolactam, etc. for the purpose of intermittent high molecular weight, polydispersity control, and simplification of production process from 1950s to 1990s. has been developed (Non-Patent Documents 1-5).
- linear polyamide 4 was industrially produced as a general-purpose material, and the goal was to produce fibers and films by economically advantageous melt molding.
- there were examples of technological development that enabled melt spinning but there were problems due to problems in strength and difficulty in molding, and practical application was abandoned.
- Patent Document 2 has a special structure including a structure derived from a carboxylic acid compound by polymerizing 2-pyrrolidone using a basic polymerization catalyst and a carboxylic acid compound. It has been reported that a 2-pyrrolidone polymer can be produced, and thereby various physical properties such as thermal stability and moldability of the 2-pyrrolidone polymer can be controlled and improved.
- Patent Document 3 in the polymerization of 2-pyrrolidone, a basic polymerization catalyst and an initiator having a branched structure of two or more branches are used for copolymerization with ⁇ -caprolactam to obtain a polymer chain structure. It has been reported that physical properties (mechanical properties and thermal properties) can be modified by controlling the polymer chain composition.
- polyamide 4 is a high-performance plastic positioned as an engineering plastic, it cannot be used for applications requiring long-term stability due to its biodegradability, and was a major factor hindering practical use.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable polymer whose biodegradability is controlled without changing the basic structure, and a molded article containing the biodegradable polymer. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling biodegradability of a biodegradable polymer without changing the basic structure.
- Polyamide 4 activates 2-pyrrolidone, which is a five-membered lactam, with a base, and then polymerizes with an acyl compound as an initiator.
- Polyamide 4 having a long chain fatty acid such as stearic acid at the end of the polymer chain can be obtained by using an acyl compound having a long methylene chain as an initiator. It has been found that the polyamide 4 loses its degradability, and the polyamide 4 is hardly biodegraded even by biodegradable bacteria or activated sludge.
- the present inventors can impart non-biodegradability to the inherently biodegradable polyamide 4 by introducing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group at the end of the polymer chain, thereby achieving the above object.
- I got the knowledge that I can do it.
- polybutylene succinate-co-adipate (PBSA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), which are biodegradable polymers other than polyamide 4 are introduced into the polymer chain end by introducing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
- PBSA polybutylene succinate-co-adipate
- PCL polycaprolactone
- the present invention has been completed based on these findings, and has been completed.
- the present invention provides the following biodegradable polymer, a molded article containing the biodegradable polymer, a biodegradable control method, and the like. is there.
- Biodegradable polymer (I-1) A biodegradable polymer having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 5 or more carbon atoms which may have a substituent at the end of the polymer chain, provided that the main chain of the biodegradable polymer A biodegradable polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 35,000 or more when is a 2-pyrrolidone polymer or copolymer having stearic acid at the end of the polymer chain.
- (I-3) The biodegradable polymer according to (I-2), which is obtained by performing a polymerization reaction using a basic polymerization catalyst and a fatty acid halide, a fatty acid anhydride, or a fatty acid ester.
- (I-4) The biodegradable polymer according to (I-2) or (I-3), wherein the 2-pyrrolidone copolymer is a copolymer with lactams.
- (I-5) The biodegradable polymer according to (I-4), wherein the lactam is ⁇ -caprolactam.
- (I-6) A polymer or copolymer of the biodegradable polymer according to any one of (I-2) to (I-5) and 2-pyrrolidone having a branched structure of two or more branches derived from an initiator
- the main chain of the biodegradable polymer is polybutylene succinate-co-adipate (PBSA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), poly Lactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid / glycolic acid (PLGA), copolymers of lactic acid and 4- to 7-membered lactones, polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT), and / or Or the biodegradable polymer as described in (I-1) which is sugar chain polymers, such as starch and a cellulose, or its derivative (s).
- PBSA polybutylene succinate-co-adipate
- PBS polybutylene succinate
- PCL polycaprolactone
- PHA polyhydroxyalkanoate
- PLA poly Lactic acid
- PGA polyglycolic acid
- PLGA polylactic acid / glycolic acid
- Molded product (II) The biodegradable polymer according to any one of (I-1) to (I-5) and (I-8), or the resin composition according to (I-6) or (I-7) Molded products including objects.
- (III) Control method of biodegradability (III-1) A method for controlling biodegradability of a biodegradable polymer, wherein an aliphatic carbon hydrogen group which may have a substituent is introduced at the end of the polymer chain of the biodegradable polymer. (III-2) The method according to (III-1), wherein the biodegradable polymer is a 2-pyrrolidone polymer or copolymer. (III-3) The method according to (III-2), wherein the polymerization reaction is performed using a basic polymerization catalyst and a fatty acid halide, a fatty acid anhydride or a fatty acid ester.
- the biodegradable polymer is polybutylene succinate-co-adipate (PBSA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA) ), Polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid / glycolic acid (PLGA), a copolymer of lactic acid and a 4- to 7-membered lactone, polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT), and / or starch,
- PBSA polybutylene succinate-co-adipate
- PBS polybutylene succinate
- PCL polycaprolactone
- PHA polyhydroxyalkanoate
- PDA polylactic acid
- PLA Polyglycolic acid
- PLGA polylactic acid / glycolic acid
- PBAT polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate
- PBAT polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate
- V Method for producing biodegradable polymer with controlled biodegradability (V-1) including a step of introducing a substituent using a fatty acid halide, a fatty acid anhydride, or a fatty acid ester after hydroxylating the end of the biodegradable polymer by solvolysis with a diol compound such as ethylene glycol.
- a method for producing a biodegradable polymer with controlled biodegradability including a step of introducing a substituent using a fatty acid halide, a fatty acid anhydride, or a fatty acid ester after hydroxylating the end of the biodegradable polymer by solvolysis with a diol compound such as ethylene glycol.
- the polymer or copolymer of 2-pyrrolidone having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group at the end of the polymer chain according to the present invention has excellent characteristics that biodegradability is suppressed and the basic structure is not changed. It maintains excellent physical properties such as heat resistance and high strength inherent to 2-pyrrolidone polymers or copolymers. Therefore, the 2-pyrrolidone polymer or copolymer of the present invention can be applied to uses that require long-term stability.
- biodegradable polymers still have the property of biodegradability, but it is possible to greatly delay the time until biodegradation starts, and stability for a certain period is required. It is possible to apply to the biodegradable use which is made.
- 6 is a photograph showing the results of Test Example 1.
- 6 is a photograph showing the results of Test Example 1.
- 6 is a graph showing the results of Test Example 2.
- 10 is a graph showing the results of Test Example 3.
- 10 is a graph showing the results of Test Example 4.
- 10 is a graph showing the results of Test Example 5. It is a graph which shows the result of Experiment 6 (Experiment 1). It is a graph which shows the result of Experiment 6 (Experiment 2). It is a graph which shows the result of Experiment 6 (Experiment 3). It is a graph which shows the result of Experiment 6 (Experiment 4). It is a graph which shows the result of Experiment 7 (Experiment 1).
- the biodegradable polymer of the present invention is characterized by having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 5 or more carbon atoms which may have a substituent at the end of the polymer chain.
- the biodegradable control method of the biodegradable polymer of the present invention is characterized in that an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent is introduced at the polymer chain end of the biodegradable polymer. To do.
- the biodegradable polymer or its main chain in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer having biodegradability that can achieve the effects of the present invention.
- Examples thereof include copolymers with -7-membered lactones, sugar chain polymers such as polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT), starch, and cellulose, or derivatives thereof.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be directly bonded to the polymer chain end of the biodegradable polymer, or may be bonded via a carbonyl group, a urethane bond, an ether bond, or the like. That is, the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be a part of a substituent present at the end of the polymer chain.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group Is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group in the present invention.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group in the present invention may be linear, branched (for example, 3-branch, 4-branch) or cyclic, and may be either saturated hydrocarbon or unsaturated hydrocarbon. Is preferably a chain hydrocarbon group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is 5 or more, preferably 8 or more, more preferably 10 or more, still more preferably 12 or more, particularly preferably 14 or more, and most preferably greater than 14. If it is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having a carbon number within this range, a particularly excellent biodegradability suppressing effect can be obtained.
- the biodegradable polymer of the present invention preferably has a fatty acid at the end of the polymer chain (that is, has an aliphatic hydrocarbon group as part of the fatty acid).
- the fatty acid may be either a saturated fatty acid or an unsaturated fatty acid, and has 5 or more carbon atoms, preferably 8 or more, more preferably 10 or more, still more preferably 12 or more, particularly preferably 14 or more, and most preferably 14 carbon atoms. Greater value. If it is a fatty acid having a carbon number within this range, a particularly excellent biodegradability suppressing effect can be obtained.
- fatty acids examples include caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, ⁇ -linolenic acid, ⁇ -linolenic acid, arachidic acid, arachidonic acid, and the like.
- the weight average molecular weight is 35,000 or more, preferably 40,000 or more, more preferably 50,000 or more, More preferably, it is 60,000 or more.
- the weight average molecular weight is measured by GPC method.
- the 2-pyrrolidone polymer terminated with an aliphatic hydrocarbon group of the present invention can be produced by polymerizing 2-pyrrolidone using a basic polymerization catalyst and a fatty acid halide, fatty acid anhydride or fatty acid ester. .
- Examples of the basic polymerization catalyst include alkali metals (lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.) generally used in anionic polymerization of lactams, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydrides (lithium hydride, sodium hydride, Calcium hydride etc.), basic organometallic compounds (n-butyllithium etc.) etc. can be used. Among these, sodium is preferable in terms of ease of handling and yield.
- the amount of the basic polymerization catalyst used is desirably about 1-6 mol 1%, more preferably about 2-6 mol 1%, still more preferably about 3-6 mol 1% with respect to 1 mol of 2-pyrrolidone. Within the above range, the yield of the 2-pyrrolidone polymer does not become extremely low, so that strict purification of the monomer 2-pyrrolidone is not so necessary.
- fatty acid halides and fatty acid esters are preferred among fatty acid halides, fatty acid anhydrides and fatty acid esters.
- fatty acid halide fatty acid chloride, fatty acid fluoride, fatty acid bromide and the like can be used, and among them, fatty acid chloride is preferably used.
- fatty acid esters fatty acid methyl esters are preferred.
- Examples of the fatty acid in the fatty acid halide, fatty acid anhydride and fatty acid ester used in the present invention include those described above.
- the amount of the fatty acid halide, fatty acid anhydride or fatty acid ester used is about 10 to 90% by mol, more preferably about 10 to 70% by mol, and still more preferably 10 to 50% by mol with respect to 1 mol of the basic polymerization catalyst. It is desirable to set the degree.
- a solvent such as hexane can be used.
- the removal of the solvent is unnecessary, the operation is simple, and the yield is increased.
- the reaction In the polymerization reaction, conditions with low energy consumption of about 10 to 50 ° C. can be employed.
- the temperature is more preferably about 20 to 50 ° C, and still more preferably about 30 to 50 ° C.
- the reaction is preferably performed under reduced pressure.
- a basic polymerization catalyst is added to 2-pyrrolidone, and after the basic polymerization catalyst has reacted and disappeared, that is, after reacting for about 2 to 4 hours, a fatty acid halide and a fatty acid anhydride are further added.
- a fatty acid ester may be added and reacted for about 1 to 24 hours. Then, what is necessary is just to collect
- the 2-pyrrolidone copolymer having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group at the end of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
- 2-pyrrolidone and lactams such as ⁇ -caprolactam are used.
- a copolymer is used.
- the copolymer of 2-pyrrolidone and ⁇ -caprolactam having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group at the end of the polymer chain contains a basic polymerization catalyst and a fatty acid halide, fatty acid anhydride or fatty acid ester during the polymerization of 2-pyrrolidone. And can be produced by copolymerization with ⁇ -caprolactam.
- the properties of the polyamide 4 copolymer obtained can be controlled by the ratio.
- the same ones as described above can be used, and the amount of the basic catalyst used is preferably 1.0 to 18% by mol, more preferably 1 to 18% by mol based on the total amount of 2-pyrrolidone and ⁇ -caprolactam. The amount is preferably 1.5 to 9 mol%, more preferably 3 to 4.5 mol%.
- the fatty acid halide, fatty acid anhydride and fatty acid ester the same ones as described above can be used.
- the amount of fatty acid halide, fatty acid anhydride and fatty acid ester used is the total amount of 2-pyrrolidone and ⁇ -caprolactam 1 Preferably, it is 0.5 to 16.5 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 7.5 mol%, and still more preferably 0.5 to 3 mol% relative to mol.
- a hydrocarbon solvent such as hexane may be used.
- hexane a hydrocarbon solvent
- the removal of the solvent is unnecessary, but a pulverizing operation is required because a bulky polyamide 4 copolymer is obtained.
- the polymerization reaction can be carried out at a temperature of about 20 to 180 ° C.
- the temperature is more preferably about 50 to 150 ° C, and still more preferably about 75 to 125 ° C.
- the reaction is preferably carried out under reduced pressure.
- a basic polymerization catalyst is added to 2-pyrrolidone, and after the basic polymerization catalyst has reacted and disappeared, that is, after reacting for about 2 to 4 hours, ⁇ -caprolactam is added to obtain a uniform mixture.
- the reaction mixture is taken.
- 2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -caprolactam, and sodium may be mixed simultaneously.
- a fatty acid halide, a fatty acid anhydride or a fatty acid ester may be added and reacted for about 12 to 168 hours. Then, what is necessary is just to collect
- the 2-pyrrolidone polymer or copolymer having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group at the end of the present invention is obtained by introducing an aliphatic hydrocarbon group into the 2-pyrrolidone polymer or copolymer after the polymerization reaction. It can also be manufactured. This can be carried out, for example, by reacting an isocyanate compound or epoxy compound having an aliphatic hydrocarbon group with a 2-pyrrolidone polymer or copolymer into which a reactive group such as a hydroxyl group has been introduced.
- the 2-pyrrolidone polymer or copolymer of the present invention is mixed with a 2-pyrrolidone polymer or copolymer having a branched structure of two or more branches (preferably two or three branches) derived from an initiator, It can also be used as a resin composition.
- the mixing ratio of the two kinds of compounds at this time may be set as appropriate so that the desired properties can be obtained.
- a polymer of 2-pyrrolidone having a branched structure of two or more branches derived from an initiator can be synthesized according to a known method as described in JP-A-2002-265596.
- Examples of the 2-pyrrolidone copolymer having a branched structure of two or more branches derived from an initiator include a copolymer of 2-pyrrolidone and lactams such as ⁇ -caprolactam. This can be synthesized according to the method described in JP-A-2009-155608.
- the initiator include carboxylic acid halides, carboxylic acid esters, and carboxylic acid anhydrides.
- long chain fatty acid groups can be introduced by modifying the hydroxyl group at the end of the polymer chain with a fatty acid chloride such as stearoylated chloride, This technique is effective for a biodegradable polymer having a hydroxyl terminal.
- the hydroxyl end can be introduced by a method such as partial solvation with a diol such as ethylene glycol.
- a molded product can be produced by melt-molding the biodegradable polymer of the present invention and the resin composition.
- the melt molding means a method of melting and molding a resin composition, and examples of the molding method include melt spinning, injection molding, extrusion molding, blow molding, and press molding.
- Examples of the molded product obtained by the melt molding include fibers, films, sheets, tubes, containers, and bars.
- the 2-pyrrolidone polymer or copolymer has an aliphatic hydrocarbon group at the end of the polymer chain, biodegradability can be suppressed and the basic structure is not changed. -Maintaining excellent physical properties such as heat resistance and high strength inherent in polymers or copolymers of pyrrolidone.
- biodegradable polymers even if they have an aliphatic hydrocarbon group at the end of the polymer chain, they still have the physical property of biodegradability, but the time until biodegradation starts Can be delayed significantly.
- Production Example 1 Synthetic basic catalyst for polyamide 4 having a long chain fatty acid terminal 4.5 mmol of sodium (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to 100 mmol of 2-pyrrolidone (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 50 The mixture was stirred for about 4 hours until sodium did not react at °C. Then, add 30 ml of n-hexane (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) as a continuous phase, stir vigorously using a magnetic stirrer (example: 800 rpm), fully suspend, and then introduce long-chain fatty acids.
- a magnetic stirrer example: 800 rpm
- PA4 Tribranched polyamide 4 with 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl chloride as an initiator (control)
- C2 to C18 Polyamide 4 with various fatty acid ends
- C2 to C16 used Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., and C18 used Aldrich acid chloride for polymerization.
- Test Example 1 Biodegradability of polyamide 4 having a fatty acid terminal (microorganism) ⁇ Method 0.06 mM MgSO 4 , 0.25 mM CaCl 2 , 3.72 mM FeCl 3 , 0.3 mM (NH 4 ) SO 4 , 0.125 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 0.25 mM K 2 HPO 2 , 0.25 mM Na 2 HPO 4 , 0.064 mM NH
- a plate medium was prepared by adding 2% agar powder (Difco) to a medium in which 1% polymer powder (polymer type: PA4, C3, C6, C10, C12, C14, C16, C18) was dispersed in 4 Cl.
- the reagent used for the medium was Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., and the polymer synthesized in Production Example 1 was used.
- the polyamide 4 degrading bacterium Pseudomonas sp. ND-11 see Japanese Patent No. 3598347 in the above plate medium, the biodegradability of the fatty acid-terminated polyamide 4 by microorganisms was visually determined for the presence or absence of clear zone formation. Examined.
- Test Example 2 Biodegradability of polyamide 4 having a fatty acid terminal (activated sludge) ⁇ Method Disperse the polymer powder synthesized in Production Example 1 (polymer types: PA4, C2, C3, C6, C10, C12, C14, C18) in an inorganic medium described in JIS K6950, and use a BOD measuring device (Tytec). , BOD tester 200F) was used to perform a biodegradation test by measuring oxygen consumption accompanying biodegradation by a method based on JIS K6950. Standard activated sludge (Chemicals Evaluation and Research Organization) was used as the microbial source.
- the following table shows the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight of polyamide 4 used in this test example.
- the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight were calculated from the results of measurement using polymethyl methacrylate as a standard substance with a high-speed GPC system (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, HLC-8220GPC system).
- Test Example 3 Blend biodegradability (activated sludge) ⁇ Method The polymer synthesized in Production Example 1 (PA4 and C18) is mixed at a weight ratio of 95/5, 50/50, 30/70 (PA4 / C18), made into a uniform solution with trifluoroethanol, and then cast. A blend film was prepared and pulverized with a freeze pulverizer (FreezerMill 6700 manufactured by SPEX, USA), and then an activated sludge biodegradation test was performed in the same manner as in Test Example 2.
- a freeze pulverizer FreezerMill 6700 manufactured by SPEX, USA
- Production Example 2 Synthesis of PBSA with stearoyl end PBSA with hydroxyl groups at both ends of PBSA (Showa Polymer Bionore # 3003) 10 g Ethylene glycol 1 g The above mixture was reacted at 180 ° C. for 24 hours, dissolved in chloroform, poured into methanol and reprecipitated for purification (yield 57.6%).
- PBSA diol the same applies to the following PCL diol, PBS diol, and PLA diol.
- PCL can be stearoylated.
- the following table shows the characteristics of the resin that has not been stearoylated (st) and the resin that has been st.
- Test Example 4 Fatty acid-terminated polycaprolactone (PCL) biodegradability (activated sludge) ⁇ Method PCL and stPCL shown in Table 3 were subjected to an activated sludge biodegradation test in the same manner as in Test Example 2.
- PCL polycaprolactone
- Test Example 5 Biodegradability of fatty acid-terminated polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA) (activated sludge) -Method
- PBSA fatty acid-terminated polybutylene succinate adipate
- I stPBSA
- Test Example 6 Biodegradability of fatty acid-terminated PCL, PBSA and PBS (enzymatic hydrolysis test) (Experiment 1)
- Enzyme Lipase (Rhizopus Delemar, Seikagaku), 200, 500, 2000 unit Conditions: 24 hours, 37 ° C
- Polymer 20 mg each as a sample of PCL (Daicel, Plaxel H1P) and stearoylated PCL (introduction rate 10%) shown in Table 3 powdered in a freeze grinder (SPEX, 6700 Freezer / Mill)
- Experimental method Put 20 mg of polymer sample into a test tube with a screw screw type lid with a capacity of 7.5 mL, and then add 5 mL of phosphate buffer (pH 7) in which a predetermined amount of powdered lipase was dissolved, and stirred.
- PH 7 phosphate buffer
- the concentration of the organic components solubilized by enzymatic hydrolysis was determined by measuring this filtrate with a TOC (Total Organic Carbon Measurement Device, Shimadzu, TOC-VCSH). After subtraction, the enzyme hydrolysis rate was determined by dividing by the concentration at the time of complete solubilization. The results are shown in FIG. Result: Unmodified PCL increased biodegradation (hydrolysis amount) in 24 hours when the amount of lipase increased, but the amount was slightly biodegraded when stearoylated, but the amount was almost constant regardless of the amount of enzyme. (The biodegradation does not progress greatly even if the amount of enzyme is increased.)
- Test Example 7 Biodegradability of fatty acid-terminated PLA (non-enzymatic hydrolysis test and enzyme hydrolysis test)
- Heavy water (D2O) 100 g of heavy water in which 50 mg of DSS (3- (trimethylsilyl) -1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt, manufactured by MERCK) was dissolved as an internal standard Conditions: 121 ° C., 40-200 minutes
- Example 2 Enzymatic hydrolysis test
- Enzyme Proteinase K, 200 unit Phosphate buffer solution (0.1M, pH 7): 5 ml
- Polymer Same sample as in Experiment 1 (PLA diol compound, stearoylated PLA), fine powder 20 mg each Experimental method: Test Example 6 The same method as in Experiment 1 was performed.
- Biodegradability evaluation The solution subjected to the enzyme hydrolysis test at 37 ° C. was diluted to 40 ml, and then filtered through a 0.20 ⁇ m disposable filter. 15 ml of the filtrate was evaporated to dryness.
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Abstract
Description
(I-1) 高分子鎖末端に、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数が5以上の脂肪族炭化水素基を有する生分解性ポリマーであって、但し該生分解性ポリマーの主鎖が2-ピロリドンの重合体又は共重合体であって高分子鎖末端にステアリン酸を有する場合は、重量平均分子量が35,000以上である、生分解性ポリマー。
(I-2) 前記生分解性ポリマーの主鎖が2-ピロリドンの重合体又は共重合体である、(I-1)に記載の生分解性ポリマー。
(I-3) 塩基性重合触媒及び脂肪酸ハロゲン化物、脂肪酸無水物又は脂肪酸エステルを用いて重合反応を行うことにより得られる、(I-2)に記載の生分解性ポリマー。
(I-4) 前記2-ピロリドンの共重合体がラクタム類との共重合体である、(I-2)又は(I-3)に記載の生分解性ポリマー。
(I-5) 前記ラクタム類がε-カプロラクタムである、(I-4)に記載の生分解性ポリマー。
(I-6) (I-2)~(I-5)のいずれかに記載の生分解性ポリマーと、開始剤由来の2分岐以上の分岐構造を有する2-ピロリドンの重合体又は共重合体とを含有する樹脂組成物。
(I-7) 前記開始剤由来の2分岐以上の分岐構造が2分岐又は3分岐である、(I-6)に記載の樹脂組成物。
(I-8) 前記生分解性ポリマーの主鎖が、ポリブチレンサクシネート-co-アジペート(PBSA)、ポリブチレンサクシネート(PBS)、ポリカプロラクトン(PCL)、ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート(PHA)、ポリ乳酸(PLA)、ポリグリコール酸(PGA)、ポリ乳酸・グリコール酸(PLGA)、乳酸と4~7員環のラクトン類との共重合体、ポリブチレンアジペート-co-テレフタレート(PBAT)、及び/又はスターチ、セルロースなどの糖鎖ポリマー若しくはその誘導体である、(I-1)に記載の生分解性ポリマー。
(II-1) (I-1)~(I-5)及び(I-8)のいずれかに記載の生分解性ポリマー、又は(I-6)若しくは(I-7)に記載の樹脂組成物を含む成形品。
(III-1) 生分解性ポリマーの高分子鎖末端に、置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭素水素基を導入することを特徴とする生分解性ポリマーの生分解性の制御方法。
(III-2) 前記生分解性ポリマーが2-ピロリドンの重合体又は共重合体である、(III-1)に記載の方法。
(III-3) 塩基性重合触媒及び脂肪酸ハロゲン化物、脂肪酸無水物又は脂肪酸エステルを用いて重合反応を行うことを特徴とする、(III-2)に記載の方法。
(III-4) 前記共重合体がラクタム類との共重合体である、(III-2)又は(III-3)に記載の方法。
(III-5) 前記ラクタム類がε-カプロラクタムである、(III-4)に記載の方法。
(III-6) 前記生分解性ポリマーが、ポリブチレンサクシネート-co-アジペート(PBSA)、ポリブチレンサクシネート(PBS)、ポリカプロラクトン(PCL)、ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート(PHA)、ポリ乳酸(PLA)、ポリグリコール酸(PGA)、ポリ乳酸・グリコール酸(PLGA)、乳酸と4~7員環のラクトン類との共重合体、ポリブチレンアジペート-co-テレフタレート(PBAT)、及び/又はスターチ、セルロースなどの糖鎖ポリマー若しくはその誘導体である、(III-1)に記載の方法。
(IV-1) 塩基性重合触媒及び脂肪酸ハロゲン化物、脂肪酸無水物又は脂肪酸エステルを用いた重合反応を行う工程を含む、生分解性が制御された2-ピロリドンの重合体又は共重合体の製造方法。
(IV-2) 前記共重合体がラクタム類との共重合体である、(IV-1)に記載の方法。
(IV-3) 前記ラクタム類がε-カプロラクタムである、(IV-2)に記載の方法。
(V-1) 生分解性ポリマーをエチレングリコールなどのジオール化合物による加溶媒分解処理により末端を水酸化した後、脂肪酸ハロゲン化物、脂肪酸無水物又は脂肪酸エステルを用いた置換基導入を行う工程を含む、生分解性が制御された生分解性ポリマーの製造方法。
塩基性触媒としてナトリウム(和光純薬工業(株)) 4.5 mmolを2-ピロリドン(和光純薬工業(株)) 100 mmolに添加し、50℃にてナトリウムが反応しなくなるまで約4時間撹拌した。その後、連続相としてn-ヘキサン(和光純薬工業(株)) 30 mlを加え、マグネティックスターラーを用いて強く撹拌(例;800rpm)し、十分に懸濁させた後、長鎖脂肪酸導入のための開始剤として塩化ステアロイル(Sigma-Aldrich Co.) 3.0 mmolを加えて、強く撹拌し懸濁状態を保ったまま50℃で約1日間、開環重合を行った。その後、ろ過により、ステアロイル基(C18)を末端とするポリアミド4が収率78%で得られた。表1に示す脂肪酸末端を有するポリアミド4も同様の手法で合成した。本方法は懸濁重合法の例であるが、バルク重合でも合成が可能である。
C2~C18: 各種脂肪酸末端を持つポリアミド4
C2~C16は和光純薬工業(株)、C18はアルドリッチの酸塩化物を重合に用いた。
・方法
0.06 mM MgSO4, 0.25 mM CaCl2, 3.72 mM FeCl3, 0.3 mM (NH4)SO4, 0.125 mM KH2PO4, 0.25 mM K2HPO2, 0.25 mM Na2HPO4, 0.064 mM NH4Clに1%ポリマー粉末(ポリマーの種類:PA4, C3, C6, C10, C12, C14, C16, C18)を分散させた培地に、2%寒天末(Difco)を加え平板培地を作成した。培地に用いた試薬は和光純薬工業(株)製、ポリマーは製造例1で合成したポリマーを用いた。ポリアミド4分解菌シュードモナス属ND-11株(特許第3598347号公報参照)を上記の平板培地で培養することにより、脂肪酸末端ポリアミド4の微生物による生分解性をクリアゾーン形成の有無を目視判定して調べた。
37℃で7日間静置培養した結果を図1及び2に示す。PA4及びC2~C6までは菌体の周辺のポリマーが消失(ハローが生成→生分解)しているが、末端の疎水性が大きくなるC12より長鎖の脂肪酸末端を有するポリマーは生分解していない。
・方法
JIS K6950に記載されている無機培地に製造例1で合成したポリマー粉末(ポリマーの種類:PA4, C2, C3, C6, C10, C12, C14, C18)を分散させ、BOD測定装置(タイテック, BOD tester 200F)を用いて、JIS K6950に準拠した方法で生分解に伴う酸素消費量を測定する手法で生分解試験を行った。微生物源としては標準活性汚泥(化学物質評価研究機構)を使用した。
結果を図3に示す。図3の結果から、C10以上の長鎖の場合は生分解が抑えられ、その効果はC12以上で特に高いことが分かった。
・方法
製造例1で合成したポリマー(PA4とC18)を重量比95/5, 50/50, 30/70 (PA4/C18)で混合し、トリフルオロエタノールで均一溶液とした後、キャスト法にてブレンドフィルムを作成し、これを凍結粉砕機(米国SPEX社製FreezerMill 6700)で粉砕した後、試験例2と同様の手法で活性汚泥生分解試験を行った。
結果を図4に示す。図4の結果から、通常の生分解性を示すポリアミド4に末端に長鎖脂肪酸を持つポリアミド4をブレンドすることで生分解性を抑制することが可能であり、ブレンド比を変えることによって生分解性の制御が可能であることが分かった。
1.PBSAの両末端を水酸基にする
PBSA (昭和高分子製 ビオノーレ#3003) 10 g
エチレングリコール 1 g
上記混合物を180℃24h反応後、クロロホルムに溶解し、メタノール中に注いで再沈殿させて精製した(収率57.6%)。以降、これをPBSAジオールと称する(以下のPCLジオール、PBSジオール、及びPLAジオールも同様である)。
PBSAジオール2 g (0.48 mmol)と溶媒(クロロホルム5 mL)をフラスコに入れ、完全に溶解した後、炭酸水素ナトリウム0.32 g (3.84 mmol)を加え、次いで、ステアロイルクロリド0.29 g (0.96 mmol)を加え、60℃、24時間スターラーで撹拌して反応させた。反応後の処理は、反応溶液を濾紙でろ過し、メタノール中に注いで再沈殿させて、ステアロイル化PBSAを白色固体として1.17 g得た(収率52%、表3中のstPBSA(I))。また、反応時間を変化させるとステアロイル基の導入率を変えることもできる(表3中のstPBSA(II)、(III))。
PCLジオール5.4 g (0.5 mmol)と溶媒(クロロホルム5 mL)をフラスコに入れ、完全に溶解した後、炭酸水素ナトリウム0.32 g (3.84 mmol)を加え、次いで、ステアロイルクロリド0.30 g (1 mmol)を加え、60℃、24時間スターラーで撹拌して反応させた。反応後の処理は、反応溶液を濾紙でろ過し、メタノール中に注いで再沈殿させて、ステアロイル化PCL (stPCL)を白色固体として3.41 g得た(収率60%)。
PBSジオール3.0 g (0.38 mmol)と溶媒(クロロホルム10 mL)をフラスコに入れ、完全に溶解した後、炭酸水素ナトリウム0.26 g (3.04 mmol)を加え、次いで、ステアロイルクロリド0.23 g (0.76 mmol)を加え、60℃、24時間スターラーで撹拌して反応させた。反応後の処理は、反応溶液を濾紙でろ過し、メタノール中に注いで再沈殿させて、ステアロイル化PBS (stPBS)を白色固体として2.17 g得た(収率68%)。
PLAジオール1.0 g (0.77 mmol)と溶媒(クロロホルム5 mL)をフラスコに入れ、完全に溶解した後、炭酸水素ナトリウム0.5 g (5.95 mmol)を加え、次いで、ステアロイルクロリド0.48 g (1.58 mmol)を加え、60℃、24時間スターラーで撹拌して反応させた。反応後の処理は、反応溶液を濾紙でろ過し、メタノール中に注いで再沈殿させて、ステアロイル化PLA (stPLA)を白色固体として0.54 g得た(収率38%)。
・方法
表3に示したPCLとstPCLを試験例2と同様の手法で活性汚泥生分解試験を行った。
結果を図5に示す。図5の結果から、ステアロイル末端を持つPCLでは生分解が抑制されることが分かった。
・方法
表3に示したPBSAとstPBSA(I)を試験例2と同様の手法で活性汚泥生分解試験を行った。
結果を図6に示す。図6の結果から、ステアロイル末端を持つPBSAでは生分解が抑制されることが分かった。
(実験1)
酵素:リパーゼ(Rhizopus Delemar, 生化学工業), 200, 500, 2000 unit
条件:24時間、37℃
ポリマー:表3に示したPCL (ダイセル、プラクセルH1P)、ステアロイル化PCL (導入率10%)を凍結粉砕器(SPEX社, 6700Freezer/Mill)で粉末化した試料として各20 mg
実験方法:容量7.5 mLのスクリューネジ式フタのついた試験管にポリマー試料20 mgを入れ、次いで所定量の粉末リパーゼを溶解させたリン酸緩衝液(pH 7)を5 mL加えて、撹拌した後、37℃温浴中にて所定時間静置し、酵素加水分解反応を進行させた。このとき、対照実験として、ポリマー試料の入っていない酵素とリン酸緩衝液のみの試験管、酵素の入っていないポリマー試料のみの入ったリン酸緩衝溶液の試験管も37℃に静置した。それぞれの試験管はn=3又はn=2で行った。
生分解性評価:37℃で酵素加水分解試験に供された溶液は20 mlに希釈した後、0.20μmディスポフィルターにてろ過した。酵素加水分解によって可溶化した有機物成分の濃度は、このろ液をTOC(全有機性炭素測定装置、Shimadzu製, TOC-VCSH)により測定し、酵素のみと、ポリマー試料のみの対照実験の値を引いた後に、完全可溶化した際の濃度で除することにより酵素加水分解率を求めた。結果を図7に示す。
結果:未修飾のPCLではリパーゼ量が増えると24時間での生分解(加水分解量)は増加したが、ステアロイル化すると若干量は生分解されるが、その量は酵素量によらずほぼ一定であった(酵素量を増やしても生分解が大きく進むわけではない)。
酵素:リパーゼ(Rhizopus Delemar), 500 unit
条件:24時間、37℃
ポリマー:表3に示したPBSA (昭和高分子、ビオノーレ#3001のジオール化物), ステアロイル化PBSA (6.8 - 11.4%)を粉砕試料として各20 mg
生分解性評価:実験1と同様の方法により行った。結果を図8に示す。
結果:用いた条件で未修飾PBSAでは10%超分解されたが、末端ステアロイル化が6.8%以上あれば生分解抑制効果が現れることが分かった。
酵素:リパーゼ(Rhizopus Delemar), 500 - 2000 unit
条件:24 - 72時間、37℃
ポリマー:表3に示したPBSA (昭和高分子、ビオノーレ#3001のジオール化物), ステアロイル化PBSA (導入率 11.4%)を粉砕試料として各20 mg
生分解性評価:実験1と同様の方法により行った。結果を図9に示す。
結果:実験2では未修飾PBSAとステアロイル化PBSAとの生分解の差がそれほど顕著ではなかったが、より生分解の進行する条件下(2000 units, 72 h)では未修飾PBSAの生分解が進行するのに、ステアロイル化体ではよりゆるい条件(500 units, 24 h)での生分解とほぼ変わらない結果となり、ステアロイル化の効果が明確に分かった。
酵素:リパーゼ(Rhizopus Delemar), 500 - 2000 unit
条件:24 - 72時間、37℃
ポリマー:表3に示したPBS, ステアロイル化PBS (導入率 0.4%), 各20 mg
生分解性評価:実験1と同様の方法により行った。結果を図10に示す。
結果:PBSAと比して生分解を受け難いとされるPBSでも2000 units, 72 hでは少ないながらも未修飾体では生分解されるが、ステアロイル化体ではその生分解抑制効果が見られた。
(実験1:非酵素的加水分解試験)
重水(D2O):内部標準としてDSS (3-(トリメチルシリル)-1-プロパンスルホン酸ナトリウム塩, MERCK製) 50 mgを溶解させた重水100 g
条件:121℃、40-200分
ポリマー:表3に示したPLA (ポリ乳酸(Tm165℃)のジオール化物), ステアロイル化PLA (末端OHへのstの導入率=8.1%, 樹脂中のst部の重量%は1.68wt%), 微粉末各30 mg
実験方法:容量15 mLの試験管中にポリマー試料30 mgを入れ、0.05wt%DSSを含んだ重水を7.5 mL加え、オートクレーブ中121℃にて非酵素的加水分解促進試験を行った。
生分解性評価:オートクレーブによる加水分解試験の最中、所定の時間ごとにオートクレーブから試験管を取り出し、ポリマー粉末が混入しないように上澄み部分0.6 mLをサンプリングし、そのまま1HNMR測定して、加水分解によって水溶性化した部分の定量を行った。NMRスペクトル上で、内部標準試薬であるDSSのメチルプロトンを基準(0.000 ppm)とし、またそのピーク強度を100.00として、1.6-1.35 ppmに出現する乳酸と水溶性乳酸オリゴマーのメチルプロトンの強度の総量を計測した。一方で、3.0 mg乳酸を7.5 mLの0.05wt%DSSを含んだ重水に溶解させた試料のNMRを測定し、1.6-1.35 ppmのスペクトル強度を、PLAの10%加水分解したときの強度として検量線を作成した。この検量線と1.6-1.35 ppmの強度とから水溶性乳酸オリゴマー量に基づく加水分解率を求めた。結果を図11に示す。
結果:樹脂末端として導入されたステアロイル基は1.68wt%程度でも加水分解抑制効果を示した。コンポストによる生分解は58-60℃付近での非酵素的な加水分解反応が律速段階といわれており、本結果はコンポストでの生分解を効果的に抑制することを示唆している。
酵素:プロティナーゼK (ProteinaseK, 和光純薬), 200 unit
リン酸緩衝液(0.1M, pH 7):5 ml
条件:90時間、37℃
ポリマー:実験1と同じ試料(PLAジオール化物, ステアロイル化PLA), 微粉末各20 mg
実験方法:試験例6実験1と同様の方法により行った。
生分解性評価:37℃で酵素加水分解試験に供された溶液は40 mlに希釈した後、0.20μmディスポフィルターにてろ過した。ろ液15 mlを蒸発乾固させた。乾固物中に含まれる、酵素加水分解によって可溶化した有機物成分の定量は、乾固物に内部標準としてDSS 0.05wt%を含んだ重水を0.6 mL入れて、乾固物を完全に溶解させた後に1HNMRを測定し、分解物に由来するプロトンピークの強度を別途作成した検量線に照らし合わせて行った。結果を表4に示す。
結果:樹脂末端として導入されたステアロイル基は実験1と同様の加水分解抑制効果を示した。
Claims (10)
- 高分子鎖末端に、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数が5以上の脂肪族炭化水素基を有する生分解性ポリマーであって、但し該生分解性ポリマーの主鎖が2-ピロリドンの重合体又は共重合体であって高分子鎖末端にステアリン酸を有する場合は、重量平均分子量が35,000以上である、生分解性ポリマー。
- 前記生分解性ポリマーの主鎖が2-ピロリドンの重合体又は共重合体である、請求項1に記載の生分解性ポリマー。
- 塩基性重合触媒及び脂肪酸ハロゲン化物、脂肪酸無水物又は脂肪酸エステルを用いて重合反応を行うことにより得られる、請求項2に記載の生分解性ポリマー。
- 前記2-ピロリドンの共重合体がラクタム類との共重合体である、請求項2又は3に記載の生分解性ポリマー。
- 請求項2又は3に記載の生分解性ポリマーと、開始剤由来の2分岐以上の分岐構造を有する2-ピロリドンの重合体又は共重合体とを含有する樹脂組成物。
- 前記生分解性ポリマーの主鎖が、ポリブチレンサクシネート-co-アジペート(PBSA)、ポリブチレンサクシネート(PBS)、ポリカプロラクトン(PCL)、ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート(PHA)、ポリ乳酸(PLA)、ポリグリコール酸(PGA)、ポリ乳酸・グリコール酸(PLGA)、乳酸と4~7員環のラクトン類との共重合体、ポリブチレンアジペート-co-テレフタレート(PBAT)、及び/又はスターチ、セルロースなどの糖鎖ポリマー若しくはその誘導体である、請求項1に記載の生分解性ポリマー。
- 請求項1~3及び6のいずれかに記載の生分解性ポリマー、又は請求項5に記載の樹脂組成物を含む成形品。
- 生分解性ポリマーの高分子鎖末端に、置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族炭素水素基を導入することを特徴とする生分解性ポリマーの生分解性の制御方法。
- 前記生分解性ポリマーが2-ピロリドンの重合体又は共重合体である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記生分解性ポリマーが、ポリブチレンサクシネート-co-アジペート(PBSA)、ポリブチレンサクシネート(PBS)、ポリカプロラクトン(PCL)、ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート(PHA)、ポリ乳酸(PLA)、ポリグリコール酸(PGA)、ポリ乳酸・グリコール酸(PLGA)、乳酸と4~7員環のラクトン類との共重合体、ポリブチレンアジペート-co-テレフタレート(PBAT)、及び/又はスターチ、セルロースなどの糖鎖ポリマー若しくはその誘導体である、請求項8に記載の方法。
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| US14/352,905 US20140275439A1 (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2012-08-29 | Biodegradable polymer with controlled biodegradability |
| EP12841205.3A EP2770011A4 (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2012-08-29 | BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER WITH CONTROLLED BIOABORABILITY |
| JP2013539565A JP5828566B2 (ja) | 2011-10-21 | 2012-08-29 | 生分解性が制御された生分解性ポリマー |
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Cited By (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016539236A (ja) * | 2013-12-04 | 2016-12-15 | ジーエス カルテックス コーポレイション | 耐熱性および衝撃強度が改善されたナイロンブレンド組成物およびその製造方法 |
| JP2016540135A (ja) * | 2013-12-04 | 2016-12-22 | ジーエス カルテックス コーポレイション | 吸湿率及び収縮率が改善されたナイロンブレンド組成物、それから製造されるナイロン系繊維及びその製造方法 |
| JP2017190449A (ja) * | 2016-04-08 | 2017-10-19 | 日本曹達株式会社 | ポリアミドの製造方法 |
| JPWO2021095482A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-20 | ||
| WO2024071396A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-04 | 株式会社クレハ | 生分解性微粒子および化粧品 |
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| US11820881B2 (en) | 2020-04-02 | 2023-11-21 | Singular Solutions Inc. | Plastic pro-biodegradation additives, biodegradable plastic compositions, and related methods |
| CA3192757A1 (en) | 2020-09-17 | 2022-03-24 | Mirek Planeta | Ultra-fast marine-biodegradable composite film |
| CN114934326A (zh) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-08-23 | 天津工业大学 | 一种生物基可降解聚酰胺纤维的制备方法 |
| CN116535642B (zh) * | 2023-05-30 | 2025-01-17 | 天津工业大学 | 一种生物基可降解聚酯酰胺的合成方法 |
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| JP2016539236A (ja) * | 2013-12-04 | 2016-12-15 | ジーエス カルテックス コーポレイション | 耐熱性および衝撃強度が改善されたナイロンブレンド組成物およびその製造方法 |
| JP2016540135A (ja) * | 2013-12-04 | 2016-12-22 | ジーエス カルテックス コーポレイション | 吸湿率及び収縮率が改善されたナイロンブレンド組成物、それから製造されるナイロン系繊維及びその製造方法 |
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| JPWO2021095482A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-20 | ||
| JP7181421B2 (ja) | 2019-11-11 | 2022-11-30 | 株式会社クレハ | ポリアミドの製造方法およびポリアミド |
| WO2024071396A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-04 | 株式会社クレハ | 生分解性微粒子および化粧品 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JPWO2013058019A1 (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
| JP5828566B2 (ja) | 2015-12-09 |
| EP2770011A4 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
| US20140275439A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
| EP2770011A1 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
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