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WO2013057462A1 - Système de construction - Google Patents

Système de construction Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013057462A1
WO2013057462A1 PCT/GB2012/000791 GB2012000791W WO2013057462A1 WO 2013057462 A1 WO2013057462 A1 WO 2013057462A1 GB 2012000791 W GB2012000791 W GB 2012000791W WO 2013057462 A1 WO2013057462 A1 WO 2013057462A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
struts
domes
dome
primary
units
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2012/000791
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Andrew Wright
Angus PALMER
Damian ROGAN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ANDREW WRIGHT ASSOCIATES Ltd
Original Assignee
ANDREW WRIGHT ASSOCIATES Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ANDREW WRIGHT ASSOCIATES Ltd filed Critical ANDREW WRIGHT ASSOCIATES Ltd
Publication of WO2013057462A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013057462A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/34—Extraordinary structures, e.g. with suspended or cantilever parts supported by masts or tower-like structures enclosing elevators or stairs; Features relating to the elastic stability
    • E04B1/3408—Extraordinarily-supported small buildings
    • E04B1/3412—Extraordinarily-supported small buildings mainly supported by a central column or footing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/342—Structures covering a large free area, whether open-sided or not, e.g. hangars, halls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/08—Vaulted roofs
    • E04B7/10—Shell structures, e.g. of hyperbolic-parabolic shape; Grid-like formations acting as shell structures; Folded structures
    • E04B7/105—Grid-like structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B2001/327—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised of a number of panels or blocs connected together forming a self-supporting structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B2001/3294—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures with a faceted surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building system and in particular to a building system having a roof structure supported by columns and is particularly suited to buildings in which a combination of large open plan areas and smaller scale compartmentalised area are required, for example supermarkets and other retail outlets, industrial buildings and commercial bui ldings.
  • Roof structures required for large scale areas such as supermarkets and warehouses have traditionally utilised portal frame systems in whi ch horizontal roof panels supported by horizontal beams extend between support columns in a rectangular pattern with columns typi cally spaced apart to define a span between support columns of 12 metres.
  • steel girders have typi cally been used.
  • attempts have been made to use materials that are more ecologically friendly, and which should be less expensive, such as timber.
  • Timber however in its natural state i s not suitable for withstanding large bending moments, being better suited to withstanding loads in compression.
  • Laminated timber beams have provided a partial solution to the problem in that they are more capable of withstanding bending moments but the cost of such materials is greater than that of natural timber and therefore there is a need to provide a building system in which a significant portion of the stmcture could be constructed using natural timber.
  • Roof domes have also been proposed in which in which a framework of struts is used following the principals of geodesic design first proposed for building construction in US 2682235 by Richard Buckminster-Fuller, the framework of struts essentially being associated with panels distributed over part of the surface of a sphere so that the struts are stressed mainly in axial compression and with minimal bending moments. Such arrangements would therefore be suitable for constructions using natural timber for the struts.
  • US 4833843 proposes a vaulted dome structure in which a single dome covering a large span is constructed from an assembly of dome modules, a plurality of major dome modules having a di amond shape plan and minor modules having a generally triangular shape in plan view, together forming a composite dome of which the exterior surface is locally dimpled convex outwardly, the curvature of each dimple being greater than the overall curvature of the dome.
  • Such a large scale dome is however unsuitable for many retail and industrial applications where it would desirable to have some areas where the roof structure provided a large span and high roof and other areas where a shorter span and lower roof construction would be desirable, for example compartmentalised areas including back office facilities and storage areas requiring lower ceiling and closer partitioning than the main working space of the retail outlet.
  • US 3974600 proposes a building system in which self supporting domes are constructed from a limited inventory of framework elements which in combination with a limited number of exterior and interior panels can be utilised to erect a variety of integral structures in which the framework elements bear substantially all loads. Although this results in potentially infinite variati on in construction, it is targeted at the mass housing market that requires flexibility and is thus designed to be a demountable system which facilitates both erection and change. Because of this emphasi s on flexibility, this disclosure fai ls to suggest a systematic approach to providing a roof structure to meet the above mentioned requirements of commercial and industrial buildings.
  • a building system having a roof structure comprising a skeletal framework of struts connected at joint nodes to form a triangular lattice;
  • the framework defining a plurality of interconnected domes of two types, the first type of dome comprising a primary dome; each of the primary domes having mutually the same configuration of struts and each primary dome being supported at support nodes where struts are connected to supporting columns located at apeces of a respecti ve regular hexagon as seen in plan view;
  • the second type of dome comprising a secondary dome smaller than each primary dome, each of the secondary domes having mutually the same configuration of struts and each secondary dome being supported at support nodes where struts are connected to supporting columns located at apeces of a respective equilateral triangle as seen in plan view;
  • domes in the complete framework corresponds to a geometrical figure formed of interlocking hexagons and triangles with apeces corresponding to the positions of the support nodes supporting the primary domes and secondary domes respectively.
  • the framework is assembled from a set of replicated modular units of a number of types, each modular unit of a given type comprising a respective configuration of struts.
  • the modular units comprise four types;
  • a column unit comprising six struts joined in splayed relationship to a respective one of the supporting columns with outer ends of the struts at apeces of a hexagonal configuration of transverse struts;
  • an apex unit comprising an assembly of struts of hexagonal outline and defining an apex of one of the primary domes;
  • a ring unit comprising an assembly of struts with edge struts defining a hexagonal outline, a group of six ring units co-operating in annular formation with abutting edge struts to define a hexagonal aperture receiving one of the apex units;
  • a link unit in which (he struts define a rectangular portion with end struts adapted to fit to abut the transverse struts of adjacent column units and side struts from which triangular portions extend at an inclined angle relative to the plane of the rectangular portion and adapted to abut the edge struts of adjacent ring units when the supporting columns to which the link unit is connected are peripheral to a primary dome.
  • each secondary dome is formed by three link units extending in triangular formation between three supporting columns in an equilateral triangular arrangement and wherein abutting triangular portions of the link units define an apex of the secondary dome.
  • At least the apex units, ring units and link units comprise struts formed of natural timber.
  • the modular units further comprise roof elements assembled with the respective configuration of struts, the roof elements being selected from a group comprising;
  • At least one of the primary domes includes an apex unit having a ventilation structure and at least one of the domes is supported by at least one column unit having a ventilation structure.
  • the support nodes are arranged such that a locus of a first group of the support nodes defines a first planar surface which is inclined at a first angle relative to the horizontal whereby the roof structure is correspondingly inclined.
  • a locus of a second group of the support nodes defines a second planar surface included at a second angle relative to the horizontal, the first and second planes intersecting at a ridge line, wherein the roof structure is correspondingly inclined at different angles on either side of the ridge line.
  • the configuration of struts of each of the primary domes comprises joint nodes which lie on a spherical surface.
  • the building system comprises a tie structure arranged to restrain outwardly radial movement of the support nodes with respect to each dome.
  • a method of constructing a building using the above building system is also disclosed.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic plan view illustrating a skeletal framework of struts in a roof structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, together with a geometrical figure with interlocking hexagons and triangles corresponding to positions of primary and secondary domes;
  • Figure 2 is a schematic drawing in plan view showing the geometric fi gure of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 is a side elevation of the roof structure of Figure 1 together with supporting columns;
  • Figure 4 is a front elevation of the roof structure and supporting columns of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view from below and to one side of a porti on of the roof structure of preceding figures in which the framework has adjacent primary and secondary domes;
  • Figure 6 is plan view with selected elevation views of the portion of roof structure of Fi gure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view from above and to one side of the portion of roof structure of Figures 5 and 6;
  • Figure 8 illustrates schematically in a number of different views of each of four types of modular unit after being assembled on-site ready for installation into the roof structure of preceding figures;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic plan view showing the relative positions of the four types of modular units of Figure 8 when used in the porti on of the roof structure of Figure 5;
  • Figure 10 is schematic perspective view from above and one side of the portion of the roof structure of Figure 6 revealing the location of annular ties;
  • Figure 1 1 A is a schematic perspective view of part of the roof structure of Figure 1 illustrating an alternative tie structure comprising a network of linear beams;
  • Figure 1 IB illustrates the network of beams of Figure 1 1A as it extends over the entire roof structure
  • Figure 12 is a schematic illustration of facade units
  • Figure 13A and 13B is schematic illustration of off-site modular construction and transportation of sub-assemblies which are assembled on-site to form the modular units of Figure 8;
  • Figure 14A and 14B illustrate column units in timber and steel construction respectively
  • Figure 15 is a schematic perspective view of part of the roof structure in which transparent panels are included;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic perspective view and sectional elevation of part of the roof structure illustrating the provision of venti lation
  • Figure 17 illustrates on-site assembly of an apex unit
  • Figure 18 illustrates on-site assembly of column and link units
  • Fi gure 19 illustrates examples of different shapes which can be formed using the above building system.
  • Figure 20 illustrates examples of insulation layers for panels and details of the joint construction between panels.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the way in which a skeletal framework 1 is configured in a roof structure 2 of a large scale building which in the present example is a supermarket with a retail floor area of the order of 60,000 square feet (5,574 square metres) and a total floor area of 91 ,400 square feet (8,500 square metres).
  • the framework 1 is formed from an assembly of struts 3 connected to one another at their free ends at joint nodes 4, the overall configuration of struts being organised into an assembly of primary domes 5 and secondary domes 6 so that, as seen in elevation view in Figure 3, the profile of the roof structure 2 undulates in a manner which resembles an array of intersecting bubbles.
  • the term 'dome' is applied to a portion of the framework 1 itself, unless otherwise stated.
  • Each of the primary domes 5 has the same configuration of struts as other primary domes, thereby allowing for modular construction as described in greater detail below, and is bounded in plan view by a regular hexagonal figure 7 as seen in Figure 2.
  • Each of the secondary domes 6 has the same configuration of struts as other secondary domes, thereby allowing for modular construction as described in greater detail below, and exhibits a triangular outline when viewed plan view, as represented by triangular figure 8 as shown in Figure 2 which is in the form of an equilateral triangle of which the length of each side i s identical to the length of each side of the hexagonal figure 7.
  • apeces 9 of each hexagonal figure 7 in Figure 2 correspond to the location of supporting columns 10 as seen in Figure 1 whi ch maintain the roof structure 2 at an elevated position above ground level 1 1 .
  • apeces 12 of triangular figures 8 in Fi gure 2 correspond to supporting columns 10.
  • struts 3 of the framework 2 are joined to the supporting columns 10 at support nodes 13 which, when seen in plan view, coincide with the locations on of the supporting columns 10.
  • the support nodes 13 of adjacent domes are shared so that supporting columns 10 mutually support adjacent domes such as primary and secondary domes 7 and 8.
  • FIGS 5 and 6 illustrate in greater detail the construction of the primary dome 5 and secondary dome 6 and, for the purpose of illustration, each of these Figures shows how a single primary dome 7 connects to a single adjacent secondary dome 6.
  • the primary dome 5 is larger in terms of height and span than the secondary dome 6 and the configuration of struts 3 in the primary dome 5 is that of a triangular lattice in which joint nodes 4 between connected struts lie on a spherical surface, or more precisely lie on a surface which forms part of a sphere having a radius which is greater than the height of an apex 14 of the primary dome above the ground level 11.
  • the span of the primary dome 5 defined by the distance between opposite sides of the hexagonal figure 7 is 24 metres.
  • the corresponding span of the secondary dome 6, defined by the distance from one apex of the triangular figure 8 to the mid point of the opposite side of the triangle, is 12 metres.
  • struts 3 in the primary dome 5 is therefore similar to the arrangement of a geodesic dome, a known property of which is that of providing a self supporting structure in which the individual struts are stressed predominately in axial longitudinal compression with minimal bending forces.
  • FIG 7 illustrates that the roof structure 2 is clad with roof elements which for the most part are triangular panels 15 so as to span the triangular lattice defined by the struts 2, with the exception of a number of rectangular panels 16, as seen in Figure 5, located peripherally of the primary dome 5 so as to provide a flat drainage surface between adjacent domes, the rectangular panels 16 also being used to overlay the base of each secondary dome 6.
  • the panels 15 and 16 combine to form a roof surface 70 which generally follows the configuration of the framework 1, with the exception of the struts 50 which are connected to the support nodes 13 and which project beneath the roof surface. This is evident from the view of Figure 5 in which the struts 50 are exposed beneath the surface 70.
  • the roof structure 2 is tilted as shown in Figure 4.
  • the support nodes 13 on one side of a ridge 17 in this example are arranged to lie in a plane which is inclined relative to the horizontal at a gradient of 1 in 40, and to the other side of the ridge 17 the support nodes lie in a plane which is inclined at a similar angle in the opposite direction to provide run off of rainwater in the opposite direction.
  • Multiple ridges may be provided in more complex structures.
  • the shape of the roof structure 70 in areas where it covers secondary domes 6 has a configuration in the form of a three sided pyramid rising to an apex 60, the remaining struts 50 of the secondary dome being beneath the roof surface and extending in splayed relationship from a triangular array of support nodes 13.
  • Figure 8 illustrates four modular units A,R,C,L used in the assembly of the framework 1 , the modular units also including panels 15 and 16.
  • Each of the modular units is typically of a size which is too big to conveniently transport to the assembly site by road or rail and therefore consists of sub-assemblies prefabricated off-site and assembled to form the modular uni ts on-site before assembly of the framework 1.
  • Modular unit A will be referred to as an apex unit and is designed to be positioned at the top of a primary dome 5 and therefore includes the apex 14 as shown in plan view 80 and perspective view 81 from above.
  • the apex unit A is formed by a triangular network of struts 3, each triangle in this example supporting a roof element comprising an insulating panel 15 consisting of inner and outer cladding layers, between which an insulating layer is located.
  • the perspective view 82 from below shows that the struts 3 are also visible from beneath.
  • the apex unit A may be fitted with other roof elements where required, including a transparent panel or a ventilation structure for example, as described in greater detail below.
  • Modular unit R will be referred to a ring unit because a ring of these units is formed around the apex unit A as shown in Figure 9 when assembling the primary dome 5.
  • the ring unit R closely resembles the apex unit A but is formed of heavier gauge timber in the formation of the struts 3. Roof elements comprising insulating panels 15 are supported within each triangle of the lattice of struts 3, as seen further in the perspective view 84 from above and perspective view from below 85.
  • a hexagonal configuration of edge struts 800 provides a hexagonal outline such that a ring of abutting ring units R defines a central aperture in which an apex unit A will fit.
  • Modular unit C will be referred to as a column unit since it includes a supporting column 10, the upper end of which defines the support node 13 to which six struts 89.
  • the struts 89 are connected in splayed arrangement such that their outer ends are connected to apeces of a hexagonal configuration of transverse struts 87 which supports an area of rood surface comprising a flat hexagonal portion 86, consisting of six triangular panels 15.
  • a central support strut 87 extends from the support node 13 to the centre of the hexagonal portion 86.
  • hexagonal portion 86 is planar and positioned at right angles to the axi al extent of the supporting column 10. This configuration would be suitable where the support nodes 13 are all in a horizontal plane. In a preferred embodiment however the support nodes 13 are in an inclined plane, typically sloping at a gradient of 1 in 40, to allow drainage from the roof, and this requires the hexagonal portion 86 to be corresponding inclined. This is accommodated by use of connector fittings at the support node 1 3 adapted to achieve the required inclination. As seen in Fi gure 9, each primary dome 5 relies upon six of these column units C to provide the connection to support nodes 13.
  • Modular unit L will be referred to as a link unit which, as indicated in Figure 9, is inserted between adjacent column units C throughout the roof structure 2.
  • Each link unit L as shown in plan view 88, includes a rectangular portion with end struts 801 whi ch in the assembled framework abut transverse struts 88 of column units C.
  • the link unit L also has side struts 802 from which struts defining triangular wing portions 803 extend at angles inclined relative to the plane of the rectangular portion.
  • the struts of wing portions 803 are arranged to abut edge struts 800 of adjacent ring units R.
  • the rectangular portion supports a roof element in the form of a flat rectangular panel 16 which, when assembled between adjacent column units 6, is co- planar with the flat hexagonal portions 86 of the column units.
  • the struts of triangular wing portions 803 support roof elements in the form of triangular insulating panels 89 which are i nclined relati ve to the plane of the rectangular panels 16 at an angle selected to achieve interlock with an adjacent one of the ring units R as shown in Figure 9.
  • the secondary dome 6 is formed entirely from the struts 3 within a group of modular units comprising three column units C arranged in interlocking arrangement with three link units L.
  • the roof surface 70 overlaying the secondary dome 6 of framework 1 therefore includes a pyramid shaped projection 91 rising above the flat surface of hexagonal portions 86 and the rectangular panels 16.
  • the pyramid shaped projection 91 is formed of the triangular elements 89 which together rise to an apex 90.
  • Figure 10 illustrates a tie structure 100 arranged to restrain movement of the support nodes 13 in order to resist outwardly radi al deformation of each of the primary domes 5 and secondary domes 6.
  • an annular tie 101 is attached to the framework of struts at the level of the flat hexagonal portions 86 and panels 16.
  • a triangular steel tie 102 i is attached to the framework around the base of each of the secondary domes 6.
  • the annular ties 1 01 and triangular ties 102 may be formed of timber or steel.
  • dome structures and in particular geodesi c domes, that the base perimeter of the dome needs to be reinforced to resist such outward deformation.
  • Including such a tie structure 100 allows each dome to be inherently stable when considered in isolation, i .e. without the support of surrounding domes, and allows much of the framework to consist of struts 3 which are only stressed in axial compression. This facilitates the use of natural timber for the struts.
  • Figure 1 1 shows an alternative tie structure 1 10 in which a network of ties 1 1 1 is interconnected across the full extent of the building, leaving hexagonal openings corresponding to the hexagonal shape of each primary dome 5.
  • the ties 1 1 1 are connected to the framework 1 at the level of the rectangular panels 16 and flat hexagonal portions 86 of the column units C.
  • the ties 1 1 1 in this tie structure 1 10 are preferably formed of steel.
  • Figure 12 illustrates the way in which the side walls of the building are constructed using facade units 120.
  • the facade is formed of large panels 121 which extend vertically from ground level 1 1 to the level of the rectangular panels 16 and flat hexagonal portions 86 of the column units C, which form the lower surface 122 of the roof surface 70.
  • the facade panels are rectangular and with a width X/6 where X is the horizontal span between opposing side of the hexagonal figure 7.
  • each of the facade panels 121 is formed of two parts, a lower part which is trapezoidal so as to have an upper edge which is inclined to the horizontal and is parallel to the surface 122, and a second portion 124 which is rectangular which abuts between the surface 122 and the upper edge of the lower portion.
  • each of the portions 123 is selected to match the location of joint nodes 4 when projected horizontally onto the facade units 120, thereby facilitating ease of connecti on between the fa?ade units and the framework 1 and creating an aesthetically pleasing design.
  • FIG 12 for each length of facade corresponding to one of the sides of the hexagonal fi gure 7, there are four corresponding facade panels 121.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates various aspects of sub-assembly and assembly.
  • a triangular element 130 is shown at the stage of being constructed off-site (meaning away from the site at which the building is to be erected, and for example in a factory) and consists of an equilateral triangle formed of three struts 3, with three reinforcing struts 13 1 in tri angular formation.
  • FIG. 1 3 also illustrates an alternative confi guration of a triangular element 134 which again consists of a triangle of struts 3 but with reinforcing struts 135 arranged in parallel array to allow the insulating material to be parallel sided when inserted as strips 135. This arrangement allows more efficient cutting of the insulating materia).
  • a subsequent stage of sub-assembly takes a number of triangular elements 130 and joins them in the required configuration to form a sub-assembly 137 which in the example shown i s one half of an apex unit A.
  • the distance between opposite sides of the hexagonal figure 7 is seven metres so that the sub-assembly 137 may be readily transported since it presents a height of less than 3.5 metres when loaded as shown in Figure 1 3.
  • FIG. 18 shows on-site assembly at the stage of connecting column units C and link units L.
  • the column unit C as described above comprises a supporting column 10 to which timber struts 3 are connected in splayed formation, as illustrated in Figure 14A, together with a centre strut 87, also of timber, connected between the top of the support column and the centre of the hexagonal portion 86.
  • Fi gure 14A shows in greater details the way in which the struts are connected and pre-formed using triangular sub-assemblies 140.
  • support column 10 may be of natural timber or of a composite timber construction in which laminated sections are glued together to impart greater strength and rigidity.
  • Support column 10 may alternatively be formed of other materials such as steel and having a configuration as shown in Figure 14B.
  • annular tie 101 described above with reference to Figure 10 may be connected to the framework 1 at the level of the flat hexagonal portion 86 or alternatively at the level of the support node 1 3, although potentially this suffers the disadvantage of making the annular tie structure visible below the roof surface as viewed from below.
  • the column unit C may preferably be formed using steel components as shown in Figure 14B such that the supporting column 10 is formed of steel and is connected at its upper end (the support node 13) to struts 141 formed of steel. Centre strut 142 may similarly be formed of steel.
  • Figure 15 illustrates how natural lighting can be introduced into the roof structure 2 by replacing panels 1 5 with roof elements in the form of transparent panels 1 50 in selected modular units.
  • Figure 15 shows a number of column units C in which the flat hexagonal portion 86 of Figure 8 i s constituted by transparent panels 150, thereby providing natural light to areas covered by the secondary dome 6. Additional natural light is provided beneath the primary dome 5 by additionally including transparent panels 150 in the central portion of each of the ring units R. Ventilation is provided by modifying the apex unit A to i nclude a roof element in the form of a louvered venti lation structure 151 to allow venting of air from within the primary dome 5.
  • air fans 152 may be located at or adjacent to the support nodes 13 of support columns 10 supporting the primary dome 5, the air fans 152 acting to create an airflow, or enhance natural air convection, from a low level peripheral to the dome, upwardly to the apex unit A, whereby air may be vented through the louvered ventilation structure.
  • This is a particularly efficient arrange because the vaulted nature of the roof structure comprising the primary dome 5 i s such that it provides a natural collecting volume for warm air which will naturally rise by stack effect from the low level to be replaced by fresh air drawn in at ground level either by natural convection or by forced venti lation.
  • some of the column units C may be configured to allow ingress of air, either through a louvered ventilation structure 153 or some other venti lation structure suitable for convective or forced air flow.
  • This is parti cularly useful for large scale buildings to allow central areas to achieve adequate mixed mode or fully natural ventilation without extensive air ducting being provided.
  • Such embodiments of the invention have the advantage of reduced energy consumption.
  • the column unit C in this instance has a flat hexagonal portion 86 which is modified to include an upwardly projecting louvered ventilation structure 153, the louvered venti lation structure being sufficiently upstanding to avoid ingress of rain water which collects in the channels defined between primary and secondary domes and flows along the flat surface including the hexagonal portions 86.
  • the height of the support columns 10 may be suffi cient to allow one or more additional floors to extend beneath the roof structure 2.
  • one of the levels may be used for a car park facility beneath or above the area used commerci ally, for retai l or other purposes.
  • Such dimensions have been found to integrate conveniently with the preferred layout for car parking.
  • the construction of the roof structure 2 on-site will typically start by erecting column units C, including temporary ties to provide stability until the loading on each supporting column 10 i s balanced.
  • Link units L between column units C are then installed, followed by ring units R of the primary domes 5.
  • the apex unit A of each primary dome 5 is lowered into place.
  • the above described embodiments allow the roof structure 2 to be designed such that forces are well distributed, allowing natural timber to be used.
  • a further advantage of having the flexibility of using both the hexagonal large span primary domes 5 and triangular small span secondary domes 6 is to readily accommodate both large scale open plan areas and smaller scale, lower roofed areas within a building.
  • checkout areas and retail areas need to have preferably large span high roof workspaces whereas storage and office space requires preferably smaller span areas with a low roof to allow easy compartmentalisation of these areas.
  • the particular configuration of the column unit C and link unit L has the advantage of providing good drainage channels by virtue of the flat surfaces between the raised portions of each adjacent dome and the entire structure is readily tilted relative to the horizontal by a small amount to promote natural run off of rain water.
  • Thermal insulation and waterproof layers 200, 201 are readily added to the overall structure once completed, or preferably added to the modular units during sub-assembly off- site.
  • the roof surface may have an insulation layer within the construct of each panel 15, 16 or affixed to an inner or outer surface of each panel. Examples are shown in Figure 20 together with details of the joint arrangement between panels.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

Cette invention concerne un système de construction comprenant une structure de toit (2) dotée d'une charpente (1) constituée de traverses (3) reliées en des nœuds de jonction (4) de façon à former un treillis triangulaire. Ladite charpente définit une pluralité de dômes interconnectés (5, 6) de deux types, le premier type comprenant un dôme principal (5). Chacun des dômes principaux présente une configuration de traverses identique et il est supporté en des nœuds de support où les traverses sont reliées à des colonnes de support (10) disposées aux sommets d'hexagones réguliers respectifs (7) comme vu en plan. Le second type de dôme comprend un dôme secondaire (6) plus petit que les dômes principaux. Chacun des dômes secondaires présente une configuration de traverses identique et il est supporté en des nœuds de support où les traverses sont reliées à des colonnes de support disposées aux sommets de triangles équilatéraux respectifs comme vu en plan. Les nœuds de support (13) de dômes adjacents sont partagés de telle façon que les colonnes de support supportent mutuellement les dômes adjacents. L'agencement des dômes dans la charpente achevée correspond à une figure géométrique formée d'hexagones (7) et de triangles (8) juxtaposés, dont les sommets (12) correspondent aux nœuds de support supportant respectivement les dômes principaux et les dômes secondaires. Ladite charpente est assemblée à partir d'un ensemble de quatre types d'unités modulaires répétées, chaque unité modulaire d'un type donné comprenant une configuration respective d'entretoises.
PCT/GB2012/000791 2011-10-18 2012-10-17 Système de construction Ceased WO2013057462A1 (fr)

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GB1118002.3A GB2495734B (en) 2011-10-18 2011-10-18 A building system

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CN109487911A (zh) * 2018-11-17 2019-03-19 华东建筑设计研究院有限公司 一种带有天窗的索网组合结构
DE202019101907U1 (de) 2019-04-03 2019-04-18 Grzegorz Janowski Isolierendes Bauteil der Eindeckung einer geodätischen Baukuppel
CN111549907A (zh) * 2020-05-20 2020-08-18 同济大学建筑设计研究院(集团)有限公司 一种树形分叉柱结构
CN112031149A (zh) * 2020-08-31 2020-12-04 天津泰明加德低碳住宅科技发展有限公司 基于生物几何dna的装配式建筑设计方法
CN112609886A (zh) * 2020-12-19 2021-04-06 广州康普顿至高建材有限公司 一种吊点式组合吊顶天花板
CN113700361A (zh) * 2021-05-17 2021-11-26 清华大学建筑设计研究院有限公司 用于独立空间构架体系的平台单体
CN113700132A (zh) * 2021-05-17 2021-11-26 清华大学建筑设计研究院有限公司 一种独立空间构架体系
CN114776027A (zh) * 2022-02-11 2022-07-22 中建二局第三建筑工程有限公司 一种热带雨林温室钢结构的施工方法
IT202300003288A1 (it) * 2023-02-24 2024-08-24 Castellani It S R L Struttura portante modulare per edifici industriali e metodo

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WO2023069056A2 (fr) * 2021-10-19 2023-04-27 Tobb Ekonomi Ve Teknoloji Universitesi Matériaux en treillis-poutres constitués de polygones mixtes

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US4833843A (en) 1985-05-03 1989-05-30 Temcor Vaulted dome structure
US5088245A (en) * 1990-08-07 1992-02-18 W. H. Porter, Inc. Interconnected hexagonal building structures

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109487911A (zh) * 2018-11-17 2019-03-19 华东建筑设计研究院有限公司 一种带有天窗的索网组合结构
DE202019101907U1 (de) 2019-04-03 2019-04-18 Grzegorz Janowski Isolierendes Bauteil der Eindeckung einer geodätischen Baukuppel
CN111549907A (zh) * 2020-05-20 2020-08-18 同济大学建筑设计研究院(集团)有限公司 一种树形分叉柱结构
CN112031149A (zh) * 2020-08-31 2020-12-04 天津泰明加德低碳住宅科技发展有限公司 基于生物几何dna的装配式建筑设计方法
CN112609886A (zh) * 2020-12-19 2021-04-06 广州康普顿至高建材有限公司 一种吊点式组合吊顶天花板
CN113700361A (zh) * 2021-05-17 2021-11-26 清华大学建筑设计研究院有限公司 用于独立空间构架体系的平台单体
CN113700132A (zh) * 2021-05-17 2021-11-26 清华大学建筑设计研究院有限公司 一种独立空间构架体系
CN114776027A (zh) * 2022-02-11 2022-07-22 中建二局第三建筑工程有限公司 一种热带雨林温室钢结构的施工方法
CN114776027B (zh) * 2022-02-11 2023-02-03 中建二局第三建筑工程有限公司 一种热带雨林温室钢结构的施工方法
IT202300003288A1 (it) * 2023-02-24 2024-08-24 Castellani It S R L Struttura portante modulare per edifici industriali e metodo

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GB2495734B (en) 2018-05-09
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