WO2013051635A1 - 電池及び非水電解液 - Google Patents
電池及び非水電解液 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013051635A1 WO2013051635A1 PCT/JP2012/075727 JP2012075727W WO2013051635A1 WO 2013051635 A1 WO2013051635 A1 WO 2013051635A1 JP 2012075727 W JP2012075727 W JP 2012075727W WO 2013051635 A1 WO2013051635 A1 WO 2013051635A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
- H01M10/26—Selection of materials as electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0034—Fluorinated solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery suitably used in a field requiring durability against high temperatures and high voltages, and a non-aqueous electrolyte that can be suitably used for the battery.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an electrolytic solution for a lithium secondary battery containing benzenesulfonyl fluoride or p-toluenesulfonyl fluoride for the purpose of providing a lithium secondary battery having excellent battery chemical characteristics. ing.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a compound that reacts with alcohol, such as acetic acid chloride and ethanoic acid chloride, for the purpose of providing a nonaqueous electrolytic solution secondary battery that is safe even at high temperatures and has high battery characteristics.
- a secondary battery using is disclosed.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 examine additives for suppressing gas generation and improving continuous charge characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics.
- additives include methanesulfonyl fluoride and (SO 2 F) -C 3.
- An electrolytic solution using H 6- (SO 2 F) is disclosed.
- Patent Document 5 contains a sulfone compound represented by CH 3 OCOCF 2 CF 2 SO 2 F as an electrolyte for improving storage characteristics and cycle characteristics, and ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate as solvents.
- the electrolyte used is disclosed.
- JP 2002-359001 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-21212 JP 2006-49152 A JP 2006-49112 A JP 2008-146983 A
- batteries used in electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and the like are required to have superior durability against high temperatures and high voltages, and the performance of conventional batteries cannot be said to be sufficient.
- This invention makes it a subject to provide the battery excellent in durability with respect to high temperature and a high voltage.
- a battery including a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a specific compound is excellent in durability against high temperatures and high voltages.
- the invention has been completed.
- the present invention is a battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte is (i) general formula (1): Rf-SO 2 F (1) (Wherein Rf is a linear or branched fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms which may contain an ether bond and may contain a double bond). It is a battery characterized by containing.
- the battery of this invention is excellent in durability with respect to high temperature and high voltage by having the said structure. Moreover, when the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention is used, a battery having excellent durability against high temperatures and high voltages can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic assembly perspective view of a laminate cell produced by a battery characteristic test of an example and a comparative example.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a laminate cell produced in the battery characteristic test of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte (I) General formula (1): Rf-SO 2 F (1) (Wherein Rf is a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms which may contain an ether bond and may contain a double bond). To do.
- the battery of the present invention is excellent in durability against high temperatures and high voltages when the non-aqueous electrolyte contains the compound (i) having both —SO 2 F and the specific fluorine-containing alkyl group. For example, it can be used at a high temperature of 45 ° C. or higher, and good cycle characteristics are exhibited even at a high temperature of 60 ° C. or higher.
- the present invention is also a non-aqueous electrolyte having the above-described configuration.
- the compound (i) is preferably a compound having an ether bond.
- Rf is preferably a compound having a fluorine atom or a fluorine-containing alkyl group on carbon to which —SO 2 F is directly bonded.
- Rf a may contain an ether bond, a part or all of the hydrogen atoms is an alkyl group which 1 carbon atoms which may be ⁇ 12 substituted by a fluorine atom, contain double bonds X 1 and X 2 are the same or different and are H, F, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, provided that at least one of X 1 and X 2 is F or carbon. It is more preferably a compound represented by formula (1) to (3).
- Rf a may contain an ether bond, is preferably a fluorine-containing alkyl group. More preferably, it is a hydrofluoroalkyl group which may contain an ether bond.
- the number of carbon atoms of Rf a is preferably from 1 to 10, and more preferably 1-8.
- the “ether bond” is a bond represented by —O—.
- Rf a is preferably also good hydro fluoroalkyl group include an ether bond. Further, Rf a is an ether bond, more preferably hydro fluoroalkyl group.
- Rf a includes an ether bond and the terminal carbon - It is also preferred carbon bond is a perfluoroalkyl group containing a double bond.
- the perfluoroalkyl group whose terminal carbon-carbon bond is a double bond is, for example, a group represented by CF 2 ⁇ CFO (CF (CF 3 ) CF 2 O) n CF 2 — (n is 0 to 3).
- CF 2 ⁇ CFO CF (CF 3 ) CF 2 O) n CF 2 — (n is 0 to 3).
- the compound (i) is represented by the general formula (1-2): Rf b —CF 2 —SO 2 F (1-2) (In the formula, Rf b is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may contain an ether bond, and part or all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom, and contains a double bond.
- Rf c is an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms which may contain an ether bond, and part or all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom, and contains a double bond.
- Rf d is an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, which may contain an ether bond, and part or all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom, and contains a double bond.
- Rf d is an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, which may contain an ether bond, and part or all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with a fluorine atom, and contains a double bond.
- Rf b , Rf c and Rf d are each preferably a fluorine-containing alkyl group which may contain an ether bond or a double bond.
- Rf b , Rf c and Rf d each preferably have 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- CF 3 CFHO— (CF (CF 3 ) CF 2 O) n —CF 2 CF 2 SO 2 F (n 0)
- at least one compound selected from the group consisting of CF 2 ⁇ CFO— (CF (CF 3 ) CF 2 O) n —CF 2 CF 2 SO 2 F (n 0 to 3) preferable.
- Compound (i) is preferably 0.01 to 20% by volume with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte. From the viewpoint of improving durability against high temperatures and high voltages, it is more preferably 0.1 to 15% by volume, and further preferably 0.2 to 10% by volume. Especially preferably, it is 5 volume% or less.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution preferably further contains (ii) at least one fluorine-based solvent selected from the group consisting of a fluorine-containing chain carbonate, a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate, and a fluorine-containing ether.
- the fluorine-based solvent (ii) is preferably 0.1% by volume or more, and more preferably 1% by volume or more with respect to the nonaqueous electrolytic solution. . Moreover, it is preferable that it is 100 volume% or less.
- Rf 2 OCOORf 3 (4) (Wherein Rf 2 and Rf 3 are the same or different and are alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, provided that at least one of Rf 2 and Rf 3 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group).
- a fluorine-containing carbonate is preferable from the viewpoints of high flame retardancy and good rate characteristics and oxidation resistance.
- Rf 2 and Rf 3 examples include —CH 3 , —CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CH (CF 3 ) 2 , CF 3 CH 2 —, C 2 F 5 CH 2 —, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 —, CF 2 CFHCF 2 CH 2 — and the like can be exemplified, and among them, CF 3 CH 2 — or C 2 F 5 CH 2 — has high flame retardancy and good rate characteristics and oxidation resistance. It is particularly preferable from the viewpoint.
- fluorine-containing chain carbonate examples include CF 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCOOCH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCOOCH 3 , CF Examples thereof include fluorine-containing chain carbonates such as 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 3 .
- fluorine-containing chain carbonates such as 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 3 .
- at least one selected from the group consisting of CF 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 2 CF 3 , CF 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 3 , and CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCOOCH 2 CF 2 CF 3 has an appropriate viscosity, The flame retardancy, compatibility with other solvents and rate characteristics are particularly preferred.
- compounds described in JP-A-06-21992, JP-A-2000-327634, JP-A-2001-256983 and the like can also be exemplified.
- the fluorine-containing chain carbonate is preferably 95% by volume or less with respect to the nonaqueous electrolytic solution. When the content of the fluorine-containing chain carbonate exceeds 95% by volume, the resistance tends to increase.
- the fluorine-containing chain carbonate is more preferably 90% by volume or less, still more preferably 85% by volume or less, and particularly preferably 80% by volume or less. Moreover, 1 volume% or more is preferable, 2 volume% or more is more preferable, and 5 volume% or more is still more preferable.
- Fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate By including the fluorinated cyclic carbonate, effects such as an increase in dielectric constant, oxidation resistance, and improvement in ionic conductivity can be obtained.
- X 1 to X 4 are —H, —F, —CF 3 , —CF 2 H, —CFH 2 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , or —CH 2 OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 H is preferable, and —F, —CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 3, —CH 2 CF are preferable because they have good dielectric constant and viscosity, and excellent compatibility with other solvents. 2 CF 3 or —CH 2 OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 H is more preferable.
- At least one of X 1 to X 4 is preferably a hydrofluoroalkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms or a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms containing an ether bond.
- the hydrofluoroalkyl group containing an ether bond include HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 —O—CH 2 —.
- the fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms include CF 3 CH 2 — and CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 —.
- the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate is preferably 60% by volume or less with respect to the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- the content of the fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate exceeds 60% by volume, the viscosity is deteriorated, so that the rate characteristics tend to be deteriorated.
- 50% by volume or less is more preferable, and 40% by volume or less is more preferable.
- 0.2% by volume or more is preferable, and 0.5% by volume or more is more preferable.
- 1 volume% or more is further more preferable, and 2 volume% or more is especially preferable.
- the lithium ion secondary battery according to the present invention is particularly advantageous in that it has excellent characteristics such as high dielectric constant and high withstand voltage, and also has good solubility of electrolyte salt and reduction of internal resistance. From the viewpoint of improving the characteristics, the following are preferable.
- fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate having a high withstand voltage and good solubility of the electrolyte salt for example,
- Etc. can also be used.
- Particularly preferred is at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by:
- Fluorine-containing ether By containing the fluorinated ether, the stability and safety at high temperature and high voltage are improved.
- Rf 4 -O-Rf 5 As the fluorine-containing ether, for example, the following formula (6): Rf 4 -O-Rf 5 (6) (Wherein Rf 4 and Rf 5 are the same or different and are an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, provided that at least one of Rf 4 and Rf 5 is a fluoroalkyl group. Can be exemplified.
- fluorine-containing ether examples include, for example, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H, CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CFHCF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CFHCF 3 , C 6 F 13 OCH 3 , C 6 F 13 OC 2 H 5 , C 8 F 17 OCH 3 , C 8 F 17 OC 2 H 5 , CF 3 CFHCF 2 CH (CH 3 ) OCF 2 CFHCF 3 , HCF 2 CF 2 OCH (C 2 H 5 ) 2 , HCF 2 CF 2 OC 4 H 9 , HCF 2 CF 2 OCH 2 CH (C 2 H 5 ) 2 , HCF 2 CF 2 OCH 2 CH (CH 3 ) 2 and the like, in particular, HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H, CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H, CF 3
- the fluorine content of the fluorinated ether used in the present invention is preferably 50% by mass or more from the viewpoint of good oxidation resistance and safety.
- a particularly preferred fluorine content is 55 to 66% by mass.
- the fluorine content is calculated from the structural formula.
- the fluorine-containing ether is preferably 60% by volume or less with respect to the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- the content of the fluorinated ether exceeds 60% by volume, the compatibility is lowered and the rate characteristics tend to be deteriorated.
- it is more preferably 45% by volume or less, and further preferably 40% by volume or less.
- 0.5% by volume or more is preferable, and 2% by volume or more is more preferable.
- the solvent constituting the non-aqueous electrolyte may be composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of a fluorine-containing chain carbonate, a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate, and a fluorine-containing ether, but the desired charging voltage If it is the range which can be obtained, solvents other than a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate, a fluorine-containing chain carbonate, and a fluorine-containing ether may be included.
- fluorine-containing ester fluorine-containing lactone, fluoroamide, non-fluorine ester, non-fluorine chain carbonate, non-fluorine cyclic carbonate, nitrile, sulfone, sulfolane and the like may be contained.
- fluorine-containing ester As the fluorine-containing ester, the following formula (7): Rf 6 COORf 7 (7) (Wherein Rf 6 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and Rf 7 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms). From the viewpoint of good compatibility and oxidation resistance.
- Rf 6 examples include CF 3- , CF 3 CF 2- , HCF 2 CF 2- , HCF 2- , CH 3 CF 2- , CF 3 CH 2- and the like, among which CF 3- , CF 3 CF 2 -is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of good rate characteristics.
- Rf 7 examples include —CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CH (CF 3 ) 2 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 CFHCF 3 , —CH 2 C 2 F 5 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 H, —CH 2 CH 2 C 2 F 5 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 and the like can be exemplified, among them —CH 2 CF 3 , —CH (CF 3 ) 2 —CH 2 C 2 F 5 , and —CH 2 CF 2 CF 2 H are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of good compatibility with other solvents.
- fluorine-containing ester examples include, for example, CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH 2 CF 3 , CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH 2 C 2 F 5 ,
- CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 H, CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH (CF 3 ) 2 and the like can be exemplified, and among them, CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH 2 C 2 F 5 , CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH 2 CF 2 CF 2 H, CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH 2 CF 3 , CF 3 C ( ⁇ O) OCH (CF 3 ) 2 is another solvent. It is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of good compatibility with the above and rate characteristics.
- Fluorine-containing lactone As the fluorine-containing lactone, for example, the following formula (8):
- X 5 to X 10 are the same or different and all are —H, —F, —Cl, —CH 3 or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; provided that at least one of X 5 to X 10 is a fluorine-containing alkyl
- Examples of the fluorine-containing alkyl group in X 5 to X 10 include —CFH 2 , —CF 2 H, —CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —CF (CF 3 ) 2 and the like are mentioned, and —CH 2 CF 3 and —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 are preferable from the viewpoint of high oxidation resistance and an effect of improving safety.
- X 5 to X 10 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group, —H, —F, —Cl, —CH 3 or the fluorine-containing alkyl group is substituted at only one position of X 5 to X 10.
- a plurality of locations may be substituted. Preferably, it is 1 to 3 sites, more preferably 1 to 2 sites, from the viewpoint of good solubility of the electrolyte salt.
- X 7 and / or X 8 are not particularly limited substitution position of the fluorine-containing alkyl group, since the synthesis yields good, X 7 and / or X 8, especially X 7 or X 8 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group, inter alia -CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 is preferable.
- X 5 to X 10 other than the fluorine-containing alkyl group are —H, —F, —Cl or —CH 3 , and —H is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of good solubility of the electrolyte salt.
- a and B is CX 16 X 17 (X 16 and X 17 are the same or different, and all are —H, —F, —Cl, —CF 3 , —CH 3 or a hydrogen atom)
- Rf 8 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group or fluorine-containing which may have an ether bond
- X 11 and X 12 are the same or different, all are —H, —F, —Cl, —CF 3 or —CH 3 ;
- Etc. can also be used.
- Fluoroamide has the formula:
- Rf 9 is —CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , a fluorophenyl group or a fluoroalkylphenyl group.
- the fluorophenyl group those containing 1 to 5 fluorine atoms are preferred, and those containing 3 to 5 are more preferred from the viewpoint of good oxidation resistance.
- examples of the fluoroalkyl group of the fluoroalkylphenyl group include —CF 3 , —C 2 F 5 , —HC (CF 3 ) 2, etc., from the viewpoint of good compatibility and low viscosity— CF 3 and —C 2 F 5 are preferred.
- R 5 and R 6 are the same or different and both are alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. Specifically, —CH 3 , —C 2 H 5 , —C 3 H 7 , —C 4 H 9 and the like can be exemplified. Among them, —CH 3 and —C 2 H 5 are preferable from the viewpoint of low viscosity.
- Particularly preferred compounds as the fluoroamide are the following compounds.
- Fluoroamide may be contained in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention in an amount of 10% by volume or less. If the fluoroamide content exceeds 10% by volume, the viscosity tends to increase and the ionic conductivity tends to decrease. Preferably, even if the viscosity is lowered, it is 6% by volume or less from the viewpoint of good stability at high temperature and high voltage, more preferably 3% by volume or less from the viewpoint of particularly good stability at high temperature and high voltage. A preferred lower limit is 0.01% by volume, more preferably 0.05% by volume, from the viewpoint of stability at high temperature and high voltage.
- Non-fluorine ester Non-fluorinated esters have the effect of improving rate characteristics.
- the non-fluorine ester acetate ester, propionate ester, butyrate ester and the like are preferable.
- the addition amount is preferably 30% by volume or less, and more preferably 20% by volume or less in order to ensure compatibility with the electrolyte salt.
- the lower limit is preferably 1% by volume, more preferably 3% by volume.
- Non-fluorine cyclic carbonate Among non-fluorinated cyclic carbonates, ethylene carbonate (EC), vinylene carbonate (VC), and propylene carbonate (PC) have a high dielectric constant and are particularly excellent in solubility of electrolyte salts. preferable. Moreover, when using a graphite-type material for a negative electrode, a stable film can also be formed on a negative electrode. Butylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, and the like can also be used. Among these, in particular, at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate is preferable from the viewpoint of dielectric constant and viscosity. The addition amount is preferably 0 to 50% by volume, more preferably 0 to 40% by volume.
- Non-fluorine chain carbonate examples include CH 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 2 CH 3 (diethyl carbonate: DEC), CH 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 3 (ethyl methyl carbonate: EMC), and CH 3 OCOOCH 3 (dimethyl carbonate: DMC). , CH 3 OCOOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 (methylpropyl carbonate) and other hydrocarbon-based chain carbonates and the like.
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- CH 3 OCOOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 methylpropyl carbonate
- at least one selected from the group consisting of DEC, EMC, and DMC is preferred because of its high boiling point, low viscosity, and good low temperature characteristics.
- the addition amount is preferably 0 to 85% by volume, more preferably 0 to 80% by volume.
- nitrile As the nitrile, mononitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile and phenylnitrile; dinitriles such as succinonitrile and glutaronitrile are preferable.
- Sulfone, sulfolane examples include sulfone and derivatives thereof, and sulfolane and derivatives thereof.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention contains an electrolyte salt (iii).
- Any electrolyte salt (iii) can be used, and among them, a lithium salt is preferable.
- lithium salts include inorganic lithium salts such as LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 and LiBF 4 ; LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) (C 4 F 9 SO 2 ), LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiPF 4 (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiBF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 LiBF 2 (C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiBF 2 (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiBF 2 (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiBF 2 (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , lithium difluoro (oxalate) borate [LiFO
- LiPF a (C n F 2n + 1 ) 6-a examples include LiPF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (C 3 F 7 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (C 4 F 9 ) 3 , LiPF 4 (CF 3 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 3 F 7 ) 2 , LiPF 4 (C 4 F 9 ) 2
- the alkyl group represented by C 3 F 7 and C 4 F 9 in the chain may be either a straight chain or a branched structure.
- electrolyte salts (iii) are LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , lithium difluoro (oxalate) borate, lithium bis (Oxalate) borate and a salt represented by the formula: LiPF a (C n F 2n + 1 ) 6-a (wherein, a is an integer of 0 to 5 and n is an integer of 1 to 6)
- the concentration of the electrolyte salt (iii) in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is preferably 0.5 to 3 mol / liter. Outside this range, the electrical conductivity of the electrolytic solution tends to be low, and the battery performance tends to deteriorate.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is a non-flammable (flame retardant) agent, a surfactant, a high dielectric additive, a cycle characteristic and rate characteristic improver, and an overcharge preventive agent as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. You may mix
- Examples of the incombustible (incombustible) agent for improving incombustibility and flame retardancy include phosphate esters.
- Examples of phosphate esters include fluorine-containing alkyl phosphate esters, non-fluorine-based alkyl phosphate esters, and aryl phosphate esters.
- fluorine-containing alkyl phosphate esters contribute to the incombustibility of electrolytes in a small amount. It is preferable because of its nonflammable effect.
- fluorine-containing alkyl phosphate ester examples include fluorine-containing dialkyl phosphate esters described in JP-A No. 11-233141, cyclic alkyl phosphate esters described in JP-A No. 11-283669, and fluorine-containing trialkyl phosphate esters. Examples thereof include alkyl phosphate esters.
- a flame retardant such as (CH 3 O) 3 P ⁇ O, (CF 3 CH 2 O) 3 P ⁇ O can also be added.
- a surfactant may be blended in order to improve capacity characteristics and rate characteristics.
- any of a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant may be used, but the fluorine-containing surfactant has good cycle characteristics and rate characteristics. It is preferable from the point.
- Rf 10 COO ⁇ M + (14) (Wherein Rf 10 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group which may contain an ether bond having 3 to 10 carbon atoms; M + is Li + , Na + , K + or NHR ′ 3 + (R ′ is the same or different) , Each of which is H or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms), or a fluorine-containing carboxylate represented by the following formula (15): Rf 11 SO 3 - M + (15) (In the formula, Rf 11 is a fluorine-containing alkyl group which may contain an ether bond having 3 to 10 carbon atoms; M + is Li + , Na + , K + or NHR ′ 3 + (R ′ is the same or different) Are preferably H or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms).
- the blending amount of the surfactant is preferably 0.01 to 2% by mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution from the viewpoint of reducing the surface tension of the electrolytic solution without reducing the charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- high dielectric additive examples include sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, acetonitrile, propionitrile and the like.
- cycle characteristic and rate characteristic improver examples include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane and the like.
- overcharge inhibitors examples include cyclohexylbenzene, biphenyl, alkylbiphenyl, terphenyl, terphenyl partial hydride, t-butylbenzene, t-amylbenzene, diphenyl ether, benzofuran, dibenzofuran, hexafluorobenzene, fluorobenzene, cyclohexane.
- Aromatic compounds such as dichloroaniline and toluene; partially fluorinated products of the aromatic compounds such as 2-fluorobiphenyl; fluorine-containing anisole such as 2,4-difluoroanisole, 2,5-difluoroanisole and 2,6-difluoroanisole Compound etc. are mentioned.
- the battery can be prevented from being ruptured or ignited during overcharge or the like.
- the battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- the positive electrode active material used for the positive electrode is at least one selected from the group consisting of cobalt-based composite oxides, nickel-based composite oxides, manganese-based composite oxides, iron-based composite oxides, and vanadium-based composite oxides. It is preferable that the secondary battery has a high energy density and a high output. Examples of the cobalt-based composite oxide, nickel-based composite oxide, manganese-based composite oxide, iron-based composite oxide, and vanadium-based composite oxide include the following. Moreover, it is preferable that the charging voltage of the battery of this invention is 3.5V or more. Although the upper limit of a charging voltage is not specifically limited, For example, it is 5.0V.
- the positive electrode has the following formula (2-1): Li a M 1 2- (a + b) M 2 b O 2 (2-1) (M 1 is Mn, Ni, V, or Fe, and M 2 is Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Mg, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, B, Ga, Cr, V, Sr, Ca.
- Li c M 3 2-d M 4 d O 4 (2-2) Li c M 3 2-d M 4 d O 4 (2-2) (M 3 is Mn, Ni, V, Co, Al, or Fe, and M 4 is Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Mg, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, B, Ga, Cr, V , Sr, Ca, In, Si, Ge, and Ti, at least one selected from the group consisting of 0.9 ⁇ c, 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 1.5, and M 3 and M 4 Is a lithium transition metal oxide represented by the formula (1), and a positive electrode active material and a charge voltage of 4.3 V or higher is one of preferred embodiments.
- the battery of the present invention can be used for high temperatures and high voltages by using a non-aqueous electrolyte containing the compound (i). Excellent durability.
- the positive electrode is a lithium transition metal phosphate compound represented by the formula (2-1) or (2-2) as a positive electrode active material
- the battery of the present invention has a charging voltage of 4.35 V or more. It is also preferable that there is.
- M 1 is preferably Ni or Mn.
- M 2 is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, and Al.
- M 3 is preferably Fe, Co, or Al, and more preferably Fe or Co.
- M 4 is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni and Mn.
- the positive electrode has a high energy density and can provide a high-power lithium secondary battery
- at least one compound selected from the group consisting of LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 is preferable.
- the battery of the present invention has a positive electrode represented by the following formula (3): Li e M 5 1-f M 6 f PO 4 (3) (In the formula, M 5 is Fe, V, Ni, Co, or Mn, and M 6 is Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Mg, Cu, Zn, Al, Sn, B, Ga, Cr, At least one selected from the group consisting of V, Sr, Ca, In, Si, Ge, and Ti, provided that 0.9 ⁇ e ⁇ 1.2 and 0 ⁇ f ⁇ 0.3. , M 5 and M 6 are different from each other.)
- a lithium transition metal phosphate compound represented by (1) is used as a positive electrode active material.
- the conventional non-aqueous electrolyte does not sufficiently improve the durability against high temperatures and high voltages.
- the battery of the present invention has a high temperature and a high voltage. The durability against is particularly excellent.
- the battery of the present invention preferably has a charging voltage of 3.5 V or more.
- lithium transition metal phosphate compound such as LiFePO 4
- LiFePO 4 When a lithium transition metal phosphate compound such as LiFePO 4 is used as a positive electrode active material, it is usually used at a charging voltage of 3.1 to 3.3 V, but the battery of the present invention is used at a high voltage of 3.5 V or more. Excellent durability even if there is.
- M 5 is preferably Fe, V, or Co, and more preferably Fe or V.
- M 6 is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, and Mn.
- the positive electrode has at least one selected from the group consisting of LiFePO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiVPO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiNiPO 4 , and a modified body thereof, as a material having both high voltage characteristics and safety.
- Compounds are preferred. Among these, from the viewpoint of safety and cycle characteristics, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of LiFePO 4 , LiVPO 4 , LiMnPO 4 , LiNiO 4 , and LiCoPO 4 is more preferable.
- Examples of the positive electrode active material other than the compounds represented by the formulas (2-1), (2-2), and (3) include LiV 3 O 6 and Li 2 MnO 3 .
- the amount of the positive electrode active material is preferably 50 to 99 mass%, more preferably 80 to 99 mass% of the positive electrode mixture.
- the particles of the positive electrode active material are mainly secondary particles, and the secondary It is preferable to contain 0.5 to 7.0% by volume of fine particles having an average particle size of 40 ⁇ m or less and an average primary particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the contact area with the electrolytic solution is increased, the diffusion of lithium ions between the electrode and the electrolytic solution can be accelerated, and the output performance is improved. be able to.
- any material can be used as long as it is a material that is safe with respect to the solvent and the electrolytic solution used in the production of the electrode.
- examples thereof include polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene / butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, and ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer.
- thickener for the positive electrode examples include carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, and casein.
- Examples of the material for the positive electrode current collector include metals such as aluminum, titanium, and tantalum, and alloys thereof. Of these, aluminum or an alloy thereof is preferable.
- Examples of the conductive material include carbon materials such as graphite and carbon black.
- Examples of the solvent include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and xylene. Of these, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is preferred.
- Materials for the negative electrode constituting lithium ion secondary batteries include carbonaceous materials capable of occluding and releasing lithium, such as organic pyrolysis products under various pyrolysis conditions, artificial graphite, and natural graphite; tin oxide, silicon oxide Metal oxide materials that can occlude and release lithium, such as lithium metal, and various lithium alloys can be used. Two or more of these negative electrode materials may be mixed and used.
- Carbonaceous materials that can occlude and release lithium include artificial graphite or purified natural graphite produced by high-temperature processing of graphitizable pitch obtained from various raw materials, or the surface of these graphite with pitch and other organic substances. Those obtained by carbonizing after the treatment are preferred.
- the negative electrode may be manufactured by a conventional method. For example, a method of adding a binder, a thickener, a conductive material, a solvent, and the like to the negative electrode material to form a slurry, applying the slurry to the current collector, drying, and pressing to increase the density can be given.
- any material can be used as long as it is a material that is safe with respect to the solvent and electrolyte used in the electrode production.
- examples thereof include polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene / butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, and ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer.
- thickener examples include carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, and casein.
- Examples of the conductive material include metal materials such as copper and nickel; carbon materials such as graphite and carbon black.
- Examples of the material for the negative electrode current collector include copper, nickel, and stainless steel. Of these, copper foil is preferred from the viewpoint of easy processing into a thin film and cost.
- the battery of the present invention preferably further comprises a separator.
- the material and shape of the separator used in the battery of the present invention are arbitrary as long as they are stable in the electrolyte and excellent in liquid retention.
- the separator is preferably a porous sheet or a nonwoven fabric made of a polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene.
- the shape of the battery of the present invention is arbitrary, and examples thereof include a cylindrical shape, a square shape, a laminate shape, a coin shape, and a large size.
- the shape and structure of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator can be changed and used according to the shape of each battery.
- the battery of the present invention is particularly useful as an electrolyte solution for large lithium ion secondary batteries for hybrid vehicles and distributed power supplies, but is also useful as a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for small lithium ion secondary batteries. It is.
- Lithium iron phosphate LiFePO 4 : hereinafter also referred to as “LFP”) LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 (Molar ratio of Ni, Mn, Co is 1: 1: 1) (hereinafter also referred to as “NCM”) Spinel manganese (LiMn 2 O 4 : hereinafter also referred to as “LMO”) Nickel manganese (LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 : hereinafter also referred to as “NiMn”)
- An electrode was made using artificial graphite as the negative electrode active material.
- Examples of the positive electrode active material include LFP in Examples 1 to 13 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3, NCM in Examples 14 to 26 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6, LMO in Examples 27 to 39 and Comparative Examples 7 to 9, and Examples. In 40 to 48 and Comparative Examples 10 to 12, electrodes were formed using NiMn.
- the components used in the electrolytic solution are as follows.
- Cyclic carbonate B1 EC B2: PC B3: VC B4: FEC B5: CF 3 CH 2 -EC B6: HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCH 2 -EC
- Chain carbonate C1 DMC
- DEC C4 CF 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 3
- C5 CF 3 CH 2 OCOOCH 2 CF 3
- Component D Fluoroether D1: CF 3 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CFHCF 3 D2: HCF 2 CF 2 CH 2 OCF 2 CF 2 H
- Electrolyte salt E1 LiPF 6
- E2 LiBF 4
- E3 LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2
- E4 LiBOB
- a positive electrode active material obtained by mixing various positive electrode active materials, carbon black, and polyvinylidene fluoride (manufactured by Kureha Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: KF-1000) at 92/3/5 (mass% ratio) is N-methyl-2- Dispersed in pyrrolidone to obtain a slurry.
- styrene-butadiene rubber dispersed in distilled water is added to artificial graphite powder (manufactured by Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: MAG-D) to a solid content of 6% by mass and mixed with a disperser.
- a slurry was obtained.
- This was uniformly applied onto a negative electrode current collector (copper foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m) and dried to form a negative electrode mixture layer. And this was compression-molded with the roller press, cut, and then dried, and the lead body was welded to produce a strip-shaped negative electrode.
- the belt-like positive electrode 1 is cut into 40 mm ⁇ 72 mm (with a 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm positive electrode terminal 4), and the belt-like negative electrode 2 is cut into 42 mm ⁇ 74 mm (10 mm ⁇ 10 mm negative electrode).
- the lead body was cut to each terminal 5 and a lead body was welded to each terminal.
- a microporous polyethylene film having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was cut into a size of 78 mm ⁇ 46 mm to form a separator 3, and a positive electrode and a negative electrode were set so as to sandwich the separator 3.
- these are placed in an aluminum laminate packaging material 6, and then 2 ml each of the electrolytes prepared for the examples and comparative examples are sealed in the packaging material 6 and laminated with a capacity of about 80 mAh.
- a cell was produced.
- the charging voltage is 3.6V
- the charging voltage is 4.35V
- the charging voltage is 4.2 V
- the charge voltage when nickel manganese (NiMn) is used for the positive electrode is 4.95V. It was. The test was conducted with the discharge voltage set at 2.5V.
- the battery of the present invention can be suitably used as a battery in a field requiring durability against high temperature and high voltage such as an electric vehicle and a hybrid electric vehicle.
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Abstract
Description
Rf-SO2F (1)
(式中、Rfは、エーテル結合を含んでいてもよい、炭素数1~13の直鎖又は分岐の含フッ素アルキル基であり、二重結合を含んでもよい。)で表される化合物、を含有することを特徴とする電池である。
(i)一般式(1):
Rf-SO2F (1)
(式中、Rfは、エーテル結合を含んでいてもよい、炭素数1~13の直鎖又は分岐の含フッ素アルキル基であり、二重結合を含んでもよい。)で表される化合物を含有する。
本発明の電池は、非水電解液が、-SO2F及び上記特定の含フッ素アルキル基の両方を有する化合物(i)を含むことによって、高温及び高電圧に対する耐久性が優れるものである。例えば、45℃以上の高温で使用することもできるし、60℃以上の高温でも良好なサイクル特性を示す。本発明はまた、上記構成の非水電解液でもある。
Rfa-CX1X2-SO2F (1-1)
(式中、Rfaは、エーテル結合を含んでいてもよく、水素原子の一部又は全部がフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~12のアルキル基であり、二重結合を含んでもよい。X1及びX2は、同一若しくは異なって、H、F、又は、炭素数1~10の含フッ素アルキル基である。但し、X1及びX2の少なくともいずれかは、F又は炭素数1~3の含フッ素アルキル基である。)で表される化合物であることがより好ましい。
より好ましくは、エーテル結合を含んでいてもよい、ハイドロフルオロアルキル基である。Rfaの炭素数は、1~10であることが好ましく、1~8であることがより好ましい。なお、本明細書中で「エーテル結合」は、-O-で表される結合である。
Rfb-CF2-SO2F (1-2)
(式中、Rfbは、エーテル結合を含んでいてもよく、水素原子の一部又は全部がフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~12のアルキル基であり、二重結合を含んでもよい。)で表される化合物、一般式(1-3):
Rfc-CF(CF3)-SO2F (1-3)
(式中、Rfcは、エーテル結合を含んでいてもよく、水素原子の一部又は全部がフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~11のアルキル基であり、二重結合を含んでもよい。)で表される化合物、及び、一般式(1-4):
Rfd-CH(CF3)-SO2F (1-4)
(式中、Rfdは、エーテル結合を含んでいてもよく、水素原子の一部又は全部がフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~11のアルキル基であり、二重結合を含んでもよい。)で表される化合物からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が好ましい。
より好ましくは、一般式(1-2)で表される化合物である。Rfb、Rfc及びRfdは、それぞれ、エーテル結合を含んでいてもよく、二重結合を含んでもよい、含フッ素アルキル基であることが好ましい。Rfb、Rfc及びRfdの炭素数は、それぞれ、1~8であることが好ましく、1~5であることがより好ましい。
含フッ素鎖状カーボネートを配合するときは、耐酸化性向上という効果が期待できる。
Rf2OCOORf3 (4)
(式中、Rf2及びRf3は、同じかまたは異なり、炭素数1~4のアルキル基である。但し、Rf2及びRf3の少なくともいずれかは含フッ素アルキル基である。)で示される含フッ素カーボネートが、難燃性が高く、かつレート特性や耐酸化性が良好な点から好ましい。
含フッ素環状カーボネートを含有させることにより、誘電率を上昇させる作用や耐酸化性、イオン伝導度の向上といった効果が得られる。
エーテル結合を含むハイドロフルオロアルキル基としては、HCF2CF2CH2-O-CH2-が挙げられる。炭素数1~3のフルオロアルキル基としては、CF3CH2-、CF3CF2CH2-が挙げられる。
含フッ素エーテルを含有させることにより、高温高電圧での安定性、安全性が向上する。
Rf4-O-Rf5 (6)
(式中、Rf4およびRf5は同じかまたは異なり、炭素数1~10のアルキル基または炭素数1~10のフルオロアルキル基である。ただし、Rf4およびRf5の少なくとも一方はフルオロアルキル基である。)で示される化合物が例示できる。
例えば、含フッ素エステル、含フッ素ラクトン、フルオロアミド、非フッ素系エステル、非フッ素系鎖状カーボネート、非フッ素系環状カーボネート、ニトリル、スルホン、スルホラン等を含んでいてもよい。
含フッ素エステルとしては、下記式(7):
Rf6COORf7 (7)
(式中、Rf6は炭素数1~2の含フッ素アルキル基、Rf7は炭素数1~4の含フッ素アルキル基)で示される含フッ素エステルが、難燃性が高く、かつ他溶媒との相溶性や耐酸化性が良好な点から好ましい。
含フッ素ラクトンとしては、たとえば、下記式(8):
フルオロアミドは、式:
非フッ素系エステルはレート特性を向上させる効果がある。非フッ素系エステルとしては、酢酸エステル、プロピオン酸エステル、ブチル酸エステル、などが好ましい。添加量としては、30体積%以下、さらには20体積%以下が電解質塩との相溶性を担保するうえで好ましい。レート特性の向上の点から下限は好ましくは1体積%、より好ましくは3体積%である。
非フッ素系環状カーボネートのなかでも、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)は誘電率が高く、また電解質塩の溶解性に特に優れており、本発明の電解液に好ましい。また、黒鉛系材料を負極に用いる場合には、安定な被膜を負極に形成させることもできる。また、ブチレンカーボネート、ビニルエチレンカーボネートなどを使用することもできる。これらの中でも、特に、エチレンカーボネート、ビニレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、及び、ブチレンカーボネートからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることが、誘電率、粘度の点から好ましい。添加量としては、0~50体積%が好ましく、0~40体積%がより好ましい。
非フッ素系鎖状カーボネートとしては、たとえば、CH3CH2OCOOCH2CH3(ジエチルカーボネート:DEC)、CH3CH2OCOOCH3(エチルメチルカーボネート:EMC)、CH3OCOOCH3(ジメチルカーボネート:DMC)、CH3OCOOCH2CH2CH3(メチルプロピルカーボネート)などの炭化水素系鎖状カーボネートなどの1種または2種以上があげられる。これらのうち沸点が高く、粘性が低く、かつ低温特性が良好なことから、DEC、EMC、及び、DMCからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が好ましい。添加量としては、0~85体積%が好ましく、0~80体積%がより好ましい。
ニトリルとしてはアセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル、フェニルニトリルなどのモノニトリル;スクシノニトリル、グルタノニトリルなどのジニトリル等が好ましい。
スルホンおよびその誘導体、スルホランおよびその誘導体等が挙げられる。
式:LiPFa(CnF2n+1)6-aで表される塩としては、LiPF3(CF3)3、LiPF3(C2F5)3、LiPF3(C3F7)3、LiPF3(C4F9)3、LiPF4(CF3)2、 LiPF4(C2F5)2、LiPF4(C3F7)2、LiPF4(C4F9)2(但し、式中のC3F7、C4F9で表されるアルキル基は、直鎖、分岐構造のいずれであってもよい。)等が挙げられる。
Rf10COO-M+ (14)
(式中、Rf10は炭素数3~10のエーテル結合を含んでいてもよい含フッ素アルキル基;M+はLi+、Na+、K+またはNHR’3 +(R’は同じかまたは異なり、いずれもHまたは炭素数が1~3のアルキル基)である)で示される含フッ素カルボン酸塩や、下記式(15):
Rf11SO3 -M+ (15)
(式中、Rf11は炭素数3~10のエーテル結合を含んでいてもよい含フッ素アルキル基;M+はLi+、Na+、K+またはNHR’3 +(R’は同じかまたは異なり、いずれもHまたは炭素数が1~3のアルキル基)である)で示される含フッ素スルホン酸塩などが好ましく例示される。
LiaM1 2-(a+b)M2 bO2 (2-1)
(M1は、Mn、Ni、V、又は、Feであり、M2は、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Mg、Cu、Zn、Al、Sn、B、Ga、Cr、V、Sr、Ca、In、Si、Ge、及び、Tiからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である。但し、0.4≦a≦1.2、0≦b≦0.6であり、M1とM2とは異なる。)で表されるリチウム遷移金属酸化物、又は、下記式(2-2):
LicM3 2-dM4 dO4 (2-2)
(M3は、Mn、Ni、V、Co、Al、又は、Feであり、M4は、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Mg、Cu、Zn、Al、Sn、B、Ga、Cr、V、Sr、Ca、In、Si、Ge、及び、Tiからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である。但し、0.9≦c、0≦d≦1.5であり、M3とM4とは異なる。)で表されるリチウム遷移金属酸化物を正極活物質とするものであり、かつ充電電圧が4.3V以上であるものが好ましい形態の一つである。
例えば、LiCoO2を正極活物質とする正極を用いた場合には、従来の非水電解液を用いても高温及び高電圧に対する耐久性の向上の効果がみられる場合がある。しかしながら、上記のようなMn、Ni、V、又は、Feを含むリチウム遷移金属酸化物を正極活物質とする正極では、従来の非水電解液を用いても充分な向上効果が得られなかった。
上記のリチウム遷移金属酸化物を正極活物質とする正極を用いた場合であっても、上記化合物(i)を含む非水電解液を用いることによって、本発明の電池は、高温及び高電圧に対する耐久性が特に優れる。
正極が、式(2-1)又は(2-2)で表されるリチウム遷移金属リン酸化合物を正極活物質とするものである場合、本発明の電池は、充電電圧が4.35V以上であることも好ましい。
M2は、Fe、Co、及び、Alからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。
M3は、Fe、Co、又は、Alであることが好ましく、Fe、又は、Coであることがより好ましい。
M4は、Ni、及び、Mnからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。
LieM5 1-fM6 fPO4 (3)
(式中、M5は、Fe、V、Ni、Co、又は、Mnであり、M6は、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Mg、Cu、Zn、Al、Sn、B、Ga、Cr、V、Sr、Ca、In、Si、Ge、及び、Tiからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種以上である。但し、0.9≦e≦1.2、0≦f≦0.3であり、M5とM6とは異なる。)で表されるリチウム遷移金属リン酸化合物を正極活物質とするものであることも好ましい形態の一つである。
上記のようなリチウム遷移金属リン酸化合物を正極活物質とする正極を用いた場合、従来の非水電解液では、高温及び高電圧に対する耐久性の向上効果が充分には得られなかった。上記化合物(i)を含む非水電解液を用いることによって、上記のリチウム遷移金属リン酸化合物を正極活物質とする正極を用いた場合であっても、本発明の電池は、高温及び高電圧に対する耐久性が特に優れたものとなる。
正極が、式(3)で表されるリチウム遷移金属リン酸化合物を正極活物質とするものである場合、本発明の電池は、充電電圧が3.5V以上であることが好ましい。
LiFePO4等のリチウム遷移金属リン酸化合物を正極活物質として用いる場合、通常、3.1~3.3Vの充電電圧で用いられるが、本発明の電池は、3.5V以上の高電圧で用いたとしても優れた耐久性を示す。
M6は、Fe、Ni、及び、Mnからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。
(電池の作成)
正極活物質として下記4種を用い、それぞれの電極を作成した。
燐酸鉄リチウム(LiFePO4:以下「LFP」ともいう。)
LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (Ni,Mn,Coのモル比は1:1:1)(以下「NCM」ともいう。)
スピネルマンガン(LiMn2O4:以下「LMO」ともいう。)
ニッケルマンガン(LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4:以下「NiMn」ともいう。)
成分A、B、C、D、E及びその他の成分を、下記表1~4に示す体積割合で混合して電解質塩溶解用非水溶媒を調製した。この電解質塩溶解用非水溶媒に電解質塩を1モル/リットル濃度となるように加えたところ、均一に溶解した。
A1:CF3CFHOCF2CF2SO2F
A2:CF3CFHOCF(CF3)CF2OCF2CF2SO2F
A3:CF2=CFOCF2CF2SO2F
A4:CF2=CFOCF(CF3)CF2OCF2CF2SO2F
B1:EC
B2:PC
B3:VC
B4:FEC
B5:CF3CH2-EC
B6:HCF2CF2CH2OCH2-EC
C1:DMC
C2:EMC
C3:DEC
C4:CF3CH2OCOOCH3
C5:CF3CH2OCOOCH2CF3
D1:CF3CF2CH2OCF2CFHCF3
D2:HCF2CF2CH2OCF2CF2H
E1:LiPF6
E2:LiBF4
E3:LiN(CF3SO2)2
E4:LiBOB
PS:プロパンスルトン
SN:スクシノニトリル
CH3SO2F
CH3Ph-SO2F
各種正極活物質とカーボンブラックとポリフッ化ビニリデン(呉羽化学(株)製。商品名KF-1000)を92/3/5(質量%比)で混合した正極活物質を、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンに分散してスラリー状のものを得た。これを正極集電体(厚さ15μmのアルミニウム箔)上に均一に塗布し、乾燥して、正極合剤層を形成した。そして、これをローラプレス機により圧縮成形した後、切断し、リード体を溶接して、帯状の正極を作製した。
得られたラミネートセルにおいて、充電放電は、1.0Cで各種正極活物質に応じて規定の電圧まで充電電流が1/10Cになるまで充電し、0.2C相当の電流で2.5Vまで放電し、引き続き、1.0Cで各種正極活物質に応じて規定の電圧にて充電電流が1/10Cになるまで充電するサイクルで行った。温度は60℃とした。
充電/放電を1サイクルとし、5サイクル後の放電容量と100サイクル後の放電容量を測定し、5サイクル後の放電容量に対する100サイクル後の放電容量の割合を容量維持率(%)として算出した。
維持率は、初期の放電容量を100%として、充電したのち85℃、5hr保存後の残存容量を測定し算出した。そののち室温で1サイクルさせたのちの放電容量を測定し回復率を算出した。
NCMを正極に用いた場合の充電電圧は4.35V、
スピネルマンガン(LMO)を正極に用いた場合の充電電圧は4.2V、
ニッケルマンガン(NiMn)を正極に用いた場合の充電電圧は4.95V
とした。放電電圧は2.5Vとして試験をおこなった。
2 負極
3 セパレータ
4 正極端子
5 負極端子
6 アルミニウムラミネート包装材
Claims (10)
- 正極、負極、及び、非水電解液を備える電池であって、
前記非水電解液が、
(i)一般式(1):
Rf-SO2F (1)
(式中、Rfは、エーテル結合を含んでいてもよい、炭素数1~13の直鎖又は分岐の含フッ素アルキル基であり、二重結合を含んでもよい。)で表される化合物を含有する
ことを特徴とする電池。 - 前記非水電解液が、更に、
(ii)含フッ素鎖状カーボネート、含フッ素環状カーボネート及び含フッ素エーテルからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のフッ素系溶媒、及び、
(iii)電解質塩を含み、
一般式(1)で表される化合物(i)の含有量が、非水電解液の全体積に対して、0.01~20体積%である
ことを特徴とする請求項1記載の電池。 - 正極は、下記式(2-1):
LiaM1 2-(a+b)M2 bO2 (2-1)
(M1は、Mn、Ni、V、又は、Feであり、M2は、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Mg、Cu、Zn、Al、Sn、B、Ga、Cr、V、Sr、Ca、In、Si、Ge、及び、Tiからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である。但し、0.4≦a≦1.2、0≦b≦0.6であり、M1とM2とは異なる。)で表されるリチウム遷移金属酸化物、又は、下記式(2-2):
LicM3 2-dM4 dO4 (2-2)
(M3は、Mn、Ni、V、Co、Al、又は、Feであり、M4は、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Mg、Cu、Zn、Al、Sn、B、Ga、Cr、V、Sr、Ca、In、Si、Ge、及び、Tiからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である。但し、0.9≦c、0≦d≦1.5であり、M3とM4とは異なる。)で表されるリチウム遷移金属酸化物を正極活物質とするものである
請求項1又は2記載の電池。 - 充電電圧が4.3V以上である請求項1、2又は3記載の電池。
- 正極は、下記式(3):
LieM5 1-fM6 fPO4 (3)
(式中、M5は、Fe、V、Ni、Co、又は、Mnであり、M6は、Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Mg、Cu、Zn、Al、Sn、B、Ga、Cr、V、Sr、Ca、In、Si、Ge、及び、Tiからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種以上である。但し、0.9≦e≦1.2、0≦f≦0.3であり、M5とM6とは異なる。)で表されるリチウム遷移金属リン酸化合物を正極活物質とするものである
請求項1又は2記載の電池。 - 化合物(i)は、一般式(1-1):
Rfa-CX1X2-SO2F (1-1)
(式中、Rfaは、エーテル結合を含んでいてもよく、水素原子の一部又は全部がフッ素原子で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~12のアルキル基であり、二重結合を含んでもよい。X1及びX2は、同一若しくは異なって、H、F、又は、炭素数1~10の含フッ素アルキル基である。但し、X1及びX2の少なくともいずれかは、F又は炭素数1~3の含フッ素アルキル基である。)で表される化合物である
請求項1、2、3、4又は5記載の電池。 - Rfaは、エーテル結合を含んでもよい、ハイドロフルオロアルキル基である請求項6記載の電池。
- Rfaは、エーテル結合を含む、ハイドロフルオロアルキル基である請求項6又は7記載の電池。
- Rfaは、エーテル結合を含み、かつ末端の炭素-炭素結合が二重結合のパーフルオロアルキル基である請求項6記載の電池。
- (i)一般式(1):
Rf-SO2F (1)
(式中、Rfは、エーテル結合を含んでいてもよい、炭素数1~13の含フッ素アルキル基であり、二重結合を含んでもよい。)で表される化合物、
(ii)含フッ素環状カーボネート、含フッ素鎖状カーボネート及び含フッ素エーテルからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のフッ素系溶媒、及び、
(iii)電解質塩、
を含む
ことを特徴とする非水電解液。
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| EP12838274.4A EP2765642A4 (en) | 2011-10-03 | 2012-10-03 | BATTERY AND NON-WATER ELECTROLYTE |
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| JP2014035866A (ja) * | 2012-08-08 | 2014-02-24 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 非水電解液及びこれを用いたリチウムイオン電池 |
| WO2014088009A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-06-12 | 宇部興産株式会社 | 非水電解液及びそれを用いた蓄電デバイス |
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| JP2015191738A (ja) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-11-02 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電解液及び電気化学デバイス |
| JP6372128B2 (ja) * | 2014-03-27 | 2018-08-15 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電解液及び電気化学デバイス |
| JP2015198052A (ja) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-11-09 | 旭化成株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池の使用方法及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| JP6699087B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-27 | 2020-05-27 | 日本電気株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極およびその製造方法、並びにリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| DE102015208197B3 (de) * | 2015-05-04 | 2016-08-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Elektrolyt für eine Alkali-Schwefel-Batterie, Alkali-Schwefel-Batterie enthaltend den Elektrolyten und Verwendungen ihrer Bestandteile |
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| JP7079140B2 (ja) * | 2018-05-10 | 2022-06-01 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電極および電気化学デバイス |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20140242475A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
| EP2765642A4 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
| CN103843189A (zh) | 2014-06-04 |
| JP2013093322A (ja) | 2013-05-16 |
| US9509016B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 |
| JP5454650B2 (ja) | 2014-03-26 |
| EP2765642A1 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
| KR20140072898A (ko) | 2014-06-13 |
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